Well begun is half done. ABC TOEIC Listening Comprehension and ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension have been written for beginners whose ultimate aim is to take the TOEIC test. Before you start using this set of books, we would like to remind you that TOEIC is Not the kind of general English you have so far been familiar with. Most TOEIC-related ‘materials have special features in terms of their question format and business-oriented contexts. You should, therefore, familiarize yourself with the structure of the TOEIC test ‘and some basic strategies to be able to achieve your goal, ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension has carefully been designed to meet your de- ‘mand. The book is divided into two sections. Section 1 consists of 13 chapters which focus on fundamental grammar structures and vocabulary frequently found in TOEIC. You will certainly find this section truly helpful, not only for your general English but also for your TOEIC training. Section 2 presents typical question types and text types which are most given in the TOEIC test. Importantly, practical test-taking tips plus a wide range of practice activities in the book will provide you with a good preparation for your actual test. ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension can be used in class with the assistance of an instructor or for self-study. Hopefully, you will find this book truly practical and helpful. As the saying goes "Well begun is half done,” you are actually having a good beginning with the assistance of this series. Do believe that you will achieve your expected goal soon. Last but not least, we would like to express our sincere thanks to our families and friends who have given us love and special consideration during the time we spent on writing this material. Next, our deepest appreciation goes to Darakwon Publisher, Chief Editor Lee Dong Ho, and Manager Ho Yoon Young, whose endlass effort put into editing helped bringing about this book as it is now. Park Hye Yeong & Jeong Ji Won Proface-5:** * * Contents Grammar ‘About the Book About TOEIC. Diagnostic Test Your Study Plan 10 "7 ” Chapter 01 Sentence Structures Chapter 04 Tenses (01 Main Elements of a Sentence in English 02 Sentence Structure - Structure 1 (03 Sentence Structure - Structure 2 (04 Sentence Structure - Structure 3 05 Sentence Structure - Structure 4 06 Sentence Structure - Structure 5 = Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test Chapter 02 Nouns & Pronouns 11 Functions of a Noun (02 Noun Sutties 03 Postions of @ Noun (04 Types of Nouns 05 Some and Any + Noun (06 Personal Pronouns 07 Possessive Adjectives & Possessive Pronouns 08 Retexive Pronouns. ‘© Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test Chapter 03. Adjectives & Adverbs (01 Functions and Positions ofan Adjective 02 Useful Adjectives (03 Functions and Positions of an Adverb (04 Useful Adverbs (05 Comparisons of Equalty of Adjectives and Adverbs 06 Comparative Forms of Adjectives and Acvorbs 7 Supertative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs (08 Common Expressions of Comparisons ‘+ Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 6 ABC TOLIC Reading Compichension 25 2% 20 28 9 30 31 39 40 RGERERE 47 63 (01 Present Simple Tense 02 Past Simple Tense 03 Future Simple Tense (04 Present Progressive Tense & Past Progressive Tense (05 Present Perfect Tense 06 Present Pertoct Tense vs. Past Simple Tenso 7 Past Perfect Tense & Future Perfact Tense ‘Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test n R B % 5 % n 8 Chapter 05 Active and Passive Voices 01 Active Voice vs. Passive Voice (02 Passive Voice of Present, Past, and Future Simple Tenses (08 Passive Voice of Modal Verbs and resent Perfect Tense (04 Passive Voioe of Structures 4 and § (05 Common Expressions ‘+ Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Chapter 06 To-infinitives 01 To-infiritve as a Noun 02 To-infritve as an Adjective /Adverb (03 Semantic Subject and Negative Form of a Tovinfnitve (04 Common Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives Followed by @ To-infitve 05 Too... to/Enough to + Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 85 ses 90 7 8 ” 100 101 102 www .nhantriviet.comABC TOEIC Reading ComprehensionABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension Copyright © 2011, Park Hye Yeong & Jeong iWon Published in Vietnam, 2012 “Tilsen is published in Vietnam under cen Agreement betwen Darakwon Press and Nhan Ti Vit Co, Lid through KL Management ‘rights reseed. No par ofthis publloston may be reproduced, stored ina retevl syste, or tanaited, nay form or by any means, electron, mechanical, photocopying, recording, r cher, without the por wten parson ofthe ‘copyright owner.ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension Park Hye Yeong & Jeong Ji WonChapter 07 Gerunds 01 Functons of Gena 109 02 Vers Fotowed by a Gerunds 110 83 Common Expressions Folowed bya Gerund 111 (04 Verbs Followed by eter a Gerund ora Tose 112 + Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 113 Chapter 08 Participles 01 Present Particles & Past Patciles 121 (02 Common Partcipial Adjectives 122 03 Partcpial Phrasos 123 (04 Types of Partcpial Phrases 126 + Common Vocabuiary inthe TOEIC Test 125 Chapter 09 Conjunctions 1 Coortinating Conjunctions & Coreative Conjunctions 193 2 Conjunctions in Noun Clauses (that /it/whether) 136 (03 Conjunctions in Adverbs Ciauses (of ime and Concition) 195 (04 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses (of Reason, Concession, Purpose, and Result 136 + Common Vocabulary inthe TOEIC Test 137 Chapter 10 Prepositions 05 Relative Adverbs 161 ‘+ Common Vocabulary inthe TOEIC Test 162 Chapter 12 Subjunctive Mood 01 Past Subjunctve 169 02 Past Perect Subjunctve 170 (03 Future Subjunctve m 04 Mixed Subjunctive 172 05 Subjunctives with wish 173 * Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 1% Chapter 13 Agreement 1 Subject-Verb Agreament in Number (1) (Singular/ Plural Nouns) 181 (02 Subject-Verb Agreement in Number (2) (indefinite Pronouns and Nouns with @ Quantifer) 182 (03 Subject-Verb Agreement in Number (3) (Conjunetions) 183 (04 Agreement Tense (of Main Clause and ‘Subordinate Clause) 184 + Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 185 Chapter 14 Question Types (01 Prepostions of Time 15 (02 Prepositions of Pace/Pesiion 146 03 Other Propositions 167 (04 More-han-one-word Prepositions & Prepositions Ending n-ng 18 (05 Prepositions vs. Conjunctions ug ‘+ Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 150 Chapter 11 Relative Pronouns & Relative Adverbs 01 Relative Pronouns & Subject Relate Pronouns 187 (02 Object Relative Pronouns & Possessive Rolative Pronoun 158 (03 Rolatve Pronoun What 159 (04 Omission of Relative Pronouns 160 www.nhantriviet.com 01 Overview /Gist Questions 196 02 information Questions 196 03 NOT Questions 198 104 Inference Questions 200 05 Synonym Questions 202 Chapter 15 Text Types 01 Loters 8 €-mats 208 02 Notas & Memos 208 03 Advertisements 210 04 lnvolces & Schedles 22 05 Double Passages 216 + Answers 27 Contents ~7About the Book Overview ——-- see Each chapter in Section‘ starts with an overview which lists all the Key tems in the corresponding chapter. You may refer to this so as to have a general idea fof what is abou fo be presented and focus on which grammar points you really need to Improve. Grammar Points ‘A brief presentation of a particular grammar point which is frequently given in the TOEIC Reading testis shown. Practice ‘Questions in group A have variously been designed to help you consolidate the ‘grammar point you have just learned, whereas questions in group B have the ‘same format as that in Part § of the TOEIC Reading tes. Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test Lexical items which are often found ig the TOEIC Reading test have selectively been arranged so that you can i your stock of vocabulary in a systematic ‘way and practice them in an interes wwewnhantriviet.com 8 ABC TOEIC Reading ComprehensionPractice with TOEIC Actual Questions | 416 questions on grammar and vocabulary in each chapter | | have been worked out so that you can familiarize yourselt withthe questions in Pars § and 6 of he actual est. Grammar Step UP! This provides you with more important or exceptional grammar points that have ot yet been presented in the chapter. Question Types Chapter 14 in Section 2 introduces a varity of question types that are frequent given in the TOEIC Reading comprehension and list of typical TOEIC questions of each type is shown. Typicl reading pas- ‘sages are also given for practice so that you can famiiarize yourself With Part 7 of the actual test Text Types The ast chapter introduces itferent types of texts and lists of typical «questions that ae frequently found inthe TOEIC test Typical reed- ing passages are also given for practice so that you can familaize Yours with Part 7 ofthe actual test, www.nhantriviet.com About the Book ~ 9What is TOEIC? TOEIC stands for Test of English for International Communication. It is a standardized test which pro- vides an accurate measurement of the English capabilities of non-native speakers and allows employ- rs to make hiring decisions, promotions, or transfers depending on job seekers’ qualifications and English proficiency. It also enables universities to better prepare their students for the international workplace. A TOEIC Test Format of ie ie Cee Photograph Descriptions | Listening Part 2| Questions & Responses 30 Se | 45 mints | 405 | Comprehension | part 3 | Short Conversations 30 | | ex Short Talks 30 | oe | [Pax 5 | Sentence Completion |peading | Part | Toxt Completion | | ¢ - 75 minutes | 495 | | Comprehension | Single Passages | | Part 7 | —— 4—— | | Double Passages 20 | | [roa 7 Parts 200 [120 minutes} 990 | 10 ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension wwwnhantriviet.com —<$$$——$—————B Topic Areas in TOEIC TOEIC test questions are based on a variety of real-world settings and situations. Below are specific topic areas found in the TOEIC test: 1. 2 10. 1. Corporate Development: research, product development Dining Out: business and informal lunches, banquet, reception Entertainment: cinema, theater, music, art, exhibition, museum, media Finance and Budgeting: banking, investment, tax, accounting General Business: contract, negotiation, merger, marketing, sales, warranty, business planning, conference, labor relation Health: medical insurance, isiing a doctor/dentist/clinio Housing/ Corporate Property: construction, specification, buying and renting, electric and gas services Office: board meeting, committee, letter, telephone, fax, e-mail, office equipment Personnel: recruiting, hiring, retiring, salary, promotion, job application Purchasing: shopping, ordering, supplying, shipping, invoice Travel: train, airplane, taxi, ferry, car rental sincera: wwrw.nhantriviet.com ‘About TOEIC 11C TOEIC Score Range ‘The TOEIC test is not the kind of test that one "passes" or “fails”. TOEIC test scores are deter- mined by the number of questions answered correctly. There is no penalty for wrong answers ‘The number of correct answers on each section, Listening and Reading, is converted to a number ona scale of 5 to 495. ‘The score reports provide Listening and Reading scaled scores, and a Total scaled score. The Total scaled score is derived from adding the two section soores together. The maximum s00r8 gn TOEIC is 990 points. Cerificate of Achievement, which is an acknowledgement ofa test takers Englsh proficiency, wl then be given to the test taker. Not every job or task requires ne Same level of English proficiency. A minimum TOEIC score wil be decided by each individual institution or organization. D Registration ‘You can register for the TOEIC test online or in person at a test site in your country. [WT 8 N 8 Contact IG Vietnam for registration information: 4 } Ho Chi Minh City Office ‘ du, Toa nha s6'538, Dudng Cach Mang Théng 8, Phudng 11, Quan 3, \ ‘Thanh phé Hé Chi Minh ‘ ‘el: (08) 3990 5888 Fax: (08) 3990 5999 E-mail: saigon@iigvietnam.com Ha Noi Office 75, Duong Giang Vin Minh, Quin Ba Dinh, Ha NOt ‘Fel: (04) 3773 2411/3773 2602/03 Fax: (04) 3835 9418 E-mail: info@iigvietnam.com hanoi@iigvietnam.com Da Nang Office 268, Dudng Ten Ph, Qugn Hai Chau, Thanh ph6 Pa Nang Tel: (0511) 3565 888. Fax: (0511) 3565 154 E-mail: danang@iigvietnam.com You may also regisier at bitp://wwwigvieinam.com/VN/Home/Registerdirecty aspx. a \ ee ee 12 ABC TOEIE Reading Comorenenson www.nhantriviet.com Ee!ae E_ Regulations Candidates are not allowed to take any personal objects into the test room, except a valid identity card (ID card/passport/driving licence). All that are necessary for test-doing are provided by the supervisors in the test room, F Preparations Before taking the TOEIC test, there are several things you have to do to prepare for the actual test and improve your English proficiency. 1, Registration Registration for the test must be done two weeks in advance. You must have an acceptable and valid 1D with a signature and photograph and two passport-sized photographs. 2. Test practice You should familiarize yourself with the test format and how to rark your answers on the answer sheet. More importantly, you should do plenty of practice by reading general English as well as business-oriented materials, watching TV and videos, listening to recordings, taking an English course, and speaking with friends or colleagues as regularly as possible. Actually, improvement in proficiency may take some time and is generally achieved through a combination of practice and study. 3. The night before the test You should prepare comfortable clothes to save your time in the moming, Also, you have to go to bed early enough to get a good night's rest. 4. On the test day You should have a light breakfast before leaving home. Importantly, you should get to the test center at least ten minutes early to check your test room and get ready for the test wwew.nhantriviet.com About TOEIC ~ 13,G Test Day Schedule ‘The TOEIC test may take place either in the morning or in the afternoon, depending on each specific test site. Below is a tentative procedure on the test day. 1 hour ‘All candidates enter the test room and attend the orientation session, ¢.9 ‘going through check-in procedures, receiving test explanations, and prepar~ ing for test administration. “The test center supervisors will check each test taker’s identification, and an ‘answer sheet having the supervisors’ signatures is given to each candidate, Candidates have to write their registered number and the test code on their ‘answer sheet. If there is something wrong with the test booklet, they have to inform the supervisors of this right away. 45 minutes Listening Test Part 1: 10 questions (1 - Q10) Part 2: 30 questions (211 - Q40) Part 3: 30 questions (241 - Q70) Part 4: 30 questions (271 ~ 100) Total: 100 questions 75 minutes Reading Test Part 5: 40 questions (Q101 - Q140) Part 6: 12 questions (Q141 - 182) Part 7: 48 questions (Q153 ~ 0200) Total: 100 questions 14 ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension wwwenhanteiviet.com TLPart 5 © Sentence Completion a In Part 5, there are 40 gapped sentences. Below each sen- Stu sn gece ete tence ar four words phases elated to vocabulary (about | mason 40%), lexical derivatives and grammatical points (about 60%) or Your jb isto deco whch ofthese four choles goes a | Sete ‘complete, grammatical, and logical sentence when it is put into the gapped sentence. | You should begin by reading each item and use the context of the sentence to choose | the correct answer choice. Also, you should look for any grammar clues that can help | you eliminate distractors. You should not spend too much time on any item as you only have 20 minutes for 40 items. In other words, less than 30 seconds should be spent on ‘each one. Finally, you may put a mark next to the items that you have found difficult so | that you can come back to them if you have some time lett. Part 6 © Text Completion This part consists of four short reading passages. Each passage has three gaps, and below each gap are four answer choices. You must decide which of these four choices produces a complete, grammatical, and logical sentence. Basically, the testing points in Part 6 are the ‘same as those in Part 5, except that they occur in longer passages. ‘Similar to Part 5, you should begin by skimming through the passage quickly, Then, you | have to look at the sentences that have gaps and try to find the best item in the four | answer choices given. Note that at least one item in each passage requires you to read | More than one sentence to find the correct answer. You have no more than 5 minutes F on this part. So, remember not to spend too much time working on any one iter: www.nhantriviet.com About TOEIC - 15,C Part 7 © Reading Comprehension Part 7 is the longest part of the TOEIC test. It consists of 7 ~ 10 single reading passages with a total of 28 questions and four paired reading passages with a total of 20 ques- tions, There are four possible answer choices for each ques- tion. You must choose the correct answers based on the information in the passages and then mark the corresponding letters on your answer sheet. © Single passages Most of the single passages in Part 7 are short. These passages deal with a wide variety of topic areas, such as business letters, announcements, advertisements, etc. Each passage is followed by 2 - 5 questions, * Double passages Most of the paired reading passages in Part 7 are related to each other, for example, a business letter and an e-mall, an atticle and a letter. Some questions refer to only one reading passage, but there are also some that require you to read both passages to be able to choose the correct answers. You must be very careful in doing Part 7. You can first look at the passage quick’y to have a general | idea of what iis about. Then, you should read the | questions about each passage and scan the re- | Jated passage to 100k for the answers to the ques- | tions you have just read. In the paired reading sec- tion, you must read both passages to find the an- 16 ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension sswer for at least one ofthe questions. if you are unsure of any answer, eliminate answer | Ghoices that are clearly wrong, and then guess atthe remaining answers. Do not spend + too much time on any one item; you can come back to it if you stil have time. www.nhantriviet.comBefore you start studying ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension, ry to do this short test to see how much basic vocabulary and grammar points of English you have known. There are 1 questions (13 questions on grammar and 2 questions on vocabulary). You should finish this short test within § minutes, q Choose the best answer to each of the questions below. a {1+ His speech was than mine 5 (A) long (C) more ong a (8) longest (D) longer & 2. Dr. Patel introduced ______ before the speech, § (A) him (jhe 3 (8) himsett (0) his b E+ Adecison should __ right away 4 (A) make (C) be made ¢ (B)is made (D) made | 4 The management seems to be pleased __ the outcomes. 4 (A) in (Cat ¢ @)to (2) with b 5. All employees enjoyed ___ in the seminar. 5 (A) participate () participating ( participated (0) to participate ee 6. Either you or he to fil out this form: (A) need (C) needing (8) toneed () needs 7. Mr. Hank for International, Inc. since 2005. (A) works (©) worked (8) has worked (0) had worked 8. They — recommended the product. (A) high (© highest (8) higher (0) highty wwwnhantriviet.com Diagnostic Test -179. When _____ for the job, you should include at least three references, & (A) apply (©) applied 4 8) applying (0) to apply 5 10, ____I finish the meeting, | will call you. 4 (A) As soon as (C) Untit 4 (8) While (0) Although £11. We look forward to ___with you. : 5 (A) working (©) worked 4 (8) work (0) be worked z 4 E 12. We have to complete the project ___ the end of this year. i Wat (by ; a in (©) until { 5 18: Wetated about a man —____ quit the fb two months apo Q 4 (A) what ()whom e (8) which (0) who vrwrey 14. The accounting team has just finished the £ (A) analysis (O) increase F company (0) worktorce ‘ i f (18. The company is a few employees. 4 E (A) conducting {C) beginning | i (®) recruiting (0) making Answers 1m OCHO ICHCCIOH:) ‘Your own answers Good More than 12 _ ‘Average 7-11 Poor 0-6 18-ABC TOEIC Aoading Comprehension wow.nhantriviet.com@ Your Study Plan First of all, you should set a target that you will be able to finish this preparation book for TOEIC within 20 days. In case you cannot mest your target within this period of time due to some personal reasons, you must be determined to complete it in no more than 40 days. ‘Then, in order to closely follow your study plan, you had better copy the table below into your notebook. Lastly, remember to write down what you will actually study each day so as to speed up your learning process as planned. . Finish: Start Fish | Finish: | Fin Finish: | Finish: | Finish Finish: Finish; | Finish © Put a tick in the! boxes representing what you have found most dificut while studying ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension. 1 Sentence Structures C1 Nouns 1 Pronouns 1 Adjectives O Adverbs Tenses 1 Active and Passive Voices 0 To-infinitives 10 Gerunds © Pariciples 1D Conjunetions 1D Prepositions: 1D Relative Pronouns 0 Subjunctive Mood 0 Agreement 1D Others (Vocabulary & & Relative Adverbs Reading Comprehension) © net tothe comasponding chapters and study them one more tne. www.nhantriviet.com Your Study Plan ~ 19Sect Grammar & VocabularyChapter 01 - Chapter 13 tion tt In the TOEIC Reading test, your knowledge of grammar is also tested. You should provide yourself with basic grammar knowledge, such as nouns, adjectives, adverbs, comparisons, tenses, verbal phrases, active and passive voices, to-infintives, gerunds, participles, prepositions, con- | junctions, pronouns, etc. Vocabulary Questions concerning word choice account for 40% in Part 5 of the i TOEIC test. Business-related vocabulary is generally tested. Actually, you can easily get a high score on this part if you have a large amount of English vocabulary. You should try to learn all the vocabulary items presented in this preparation book.Five Sentence Structures in English There are five sentence structures in English. Depending on the combination of key elements, such as subject, vert, object, and complement in a sentence, sentences will change their meanings. © Structure 1: Subject + verb | work. ‘© Structure 2: Subject + verb + subject complement He is an engineer. © Structure 3: Subject + verb + object She read a report. « Structure 4: Subject + verb + indirect object + direct object ‘The company sent me a letter of apology. © Structure 5: Subject + verb + object + object complement My boss makes everything hard. R FS AR R A PR FE a tMain Elements of a Sentence in English ‘There are five main elements of a sentence in English: subject, verb, object, complement, and modifier. ‘© Subject is who or what does the action in a sentence. ‘© Verb refers to the action or state of the subject. ‘* Object is the receiver of the action in a sentence. There are indirect object and direct object. ‘© Complement completes the meaning of a verbs and adds more information to the subject or object in a sentence. There are subject complement and object complement ‘© Modifier is a word or a group of words that modify nouns, verbs, adjectives, or a whole sen- tence. It is not a must, but it adds more information to a sentence, ‘Among these elements, the subject and verb are the two basic ones forming a meaningful sentence. Depending on the combination of these elements, there are different sentence structures in English. Lf tke J him / very much, Sutect Vorb Objet Mocer Theteacher / is / s0 / kind, Sib Ver. ‘oder Subject complement Theman / called / me / Jack sect Verb Object Objet campement ‘A. Name each of the elements in the sentences below. 1. 1/ work / on Friday. 2, My brother / is / the manager, —__ ‘manager 8. 1/ found / the report / very / useful. report vselul 4, The chair / is / very / comfortable, comfortable 5. The secretary / writes / reports / every day. secretary 6. 1 / cannot find / the file. B Look at the elements in each of the following sentences and choose one correct option to complete the sentence. 4. The man the marketing manager. ‘marketing manager sje Subject complemen ®s @®he © very Or 2. Your sales report is very —____. aie report trot Sujet Verb Mair @ them ® meeting © interest © interesting woww.nhantriviet.com Section 1+ Chapter 1-25Sentence Structure — Structure 1 What is Structure 1? This is the most basie structure formed by only a subject and a verb. You are likely to see com- mon verbs such as go, work, live, come, arrive, etc. in Structure 1. Sree © Structure 1 + modifier ‘Sometimes, in Structure 1, a modifier may be added to make the sentence longer and more informative, ‘Some employees / work / at home. (Subject + vero + modifi) The train / left / three hours ago. (Subject + verb + modifier The museum / opens / every day. (Subject + verb + mode?) ‘A. Identify the elements in each of the following sentences and mark O below the subject, A below the verb, and C] below the modifier. 1. The store closed 80 minutes ago. cose 2. | work near downtown. rear downtown 3. Mr. Wilson returned from his business trip. return business tp 4, The door opens automatically. ‘aomaticaly 5. Ms. Johnson works eight hours a day. 6. The bus leaves around noon. leave round neon B Look at the elements in each of the following sentences and choose one correct option to complete the sentence. 41. The new employee ear the office, employee ‘set Woster @®he @ Ives © him © living 2. The strategy meeting ____ in an hour. strategy mestng in an hour Subject ear @ they @ in the room on © starts 26 - ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comSentence Structur« - Structure 2 ‘What is Structure 2? Structure 2 is formed by Subject + ve t 4 subject complement. The subject complement ccan be an adjective or a noun/noun pi ri se. nee) © Common verbs in Structure 2 Generally, you can see such linking verbs .s be, become, look, seem, etc. in Structure 2. ey A Identify the subject and subject complement 1n ach of the following sentences and mark ©. below the subject and A below the subject cin slement. 1. The workshop sounds boring, workshop boring 2. They were customers. customer 3. His idea seems useless. selene 4. Some items in the store looked expensive, tom expeneive 5. Her presentation was very useful resentation etal 6. Mr. Lee became the president of the compary, prsidont B Look at the elements in each of the following serit ances and choose one correct option to complete the sentence. 11. Mr. Kim's suggestion about the problem _____ practical. suggestion practical Sibjext Suet compiorent @ they @ seemed O my © useful 2. The relocation of the office wasn’t __ relocation sujet veo @ easy @ easily © saemed © became www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 Chapter 1-27Sentence Structure - Structure 3 What is Structure 3? Structure 3 is formed by Subject + verb + object. The object can be a pronoun or a noun/ noun phrase © Confusing verbs in Structure 3 Leamers are usually confused about the verbs attend, mention, and discuss. Be carefull An ‘object, not a preposition, must follow right after these verbs. od ere cet ‘A. Put the words and phrases in brackets in the correct order to make complete sentences. (they, the issue, discussed) {the contract, our team, finished) (ery suggestion, the HR manager, liked) (some packages, Mr. Green, sent) (the conference, will attend, Sam and Sara) —____ (an invitation, received, yesterday, we) B Look at the elements in each of the following sentences and choose one correct option to complete the sentence. 1. TeleCom _______ cellular phones at Jow prices. cate prone sibject ‘oe Mor @ its @us © sells © selling 2. Some of the executives will discuss ___ later this week execute sabe veo Wester @ they ® them © doing © effective 28- ABC TOEIC Reading Canprehension wwwinhanteiviet.comSentence Structure — Structure 4 What is Structure 4? Structure 4 is formed by Subject + verb + indirect object + direct object. See en ener cee ca ote: ‘© Common verbs in Structure 4 Common verbs in Structure 4 are give, send, buy, offer, show, tell, lend, etc. Dr. Steven gave them some advice. ‘The man showed us the office. Kevin wil tell me the truth. Transforming Structure 4 to Structure 3 You can change Structure 4 into Structure 3 by reordering the indirect object and direct object, then adding a preposition before the indirect object. '* Verbs followed by the preposition to: give, send, offer, show, teach, tell, etc. '* Verbs followed by the preposition for: get, make, buy, find, etc. > Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. ‘They (gave us / us gave) some documents. Genie Electronics will (she offer / offer her) the position. ‘The company sent (us some chairs / some chairs us) The store offers (a free coupon new customers / new customers a free coupon). My coworker teaches computer language (for me / to me). B Look at the elements in each of the following sentences and choose one correct option to | complete the sentence. 1. The sales clerk sold the copy machine. sales cork Suber Veo Diet tet @ hers © our ©me Ohe 2. The boss __ his staff some helpful tips. te Sober Indeetcjct Dre oe @ was ® gave © provided © talked www.nhantriviet.com Section 1» Chapter 1-29What is Structure 5? Phrase, a to-infinitive, or a bare infinitive. erg) fon ‘© Common verbs in Structure 5 eee Sentence Structure — Structure 5 Structure 6 is formed by Subject + verb + object + object complement, The object can be a pronoun or a noun/noun phrase. The object complement can be an adjective, a noun/noun eer ‘Common verbs in Structure 5 include make, let, have, keep, find, etc. eran lement ‘A. Identity the structure in each of the following sentences. 1. The chairs in the meeting room looked new. The engineer made his colleagues an effective device. found the discussion useful The printer over there is not working, ‘The company announced a new policy. ‘The new cleaning company keeps the office clean every day. ‘moating room took engineer colleague device decuesion overwork announce policy clearing company B Look at the elements in each of the following sentences and choose one correct option to complete the sentence. 1. He the company profitable. sae ‘Object Object complent @® looked ® was © made 2, The employee in the Accounting Department subject ® seemed © worked © became 30- ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension prftabie © seemed the Job impossible, ajc Object complet ‘Accounting Dopartment impossible © found www.nhantriviet.comVerbs® ‘A Match the verbs inthe left column with their corresponding phrases in the ri 1. quit @ from a business trip 2.sove © a job (two times) 3. participate © an appointment 4, make @ a problem 8.retum @ataxi 6. fil out /in © inanevent 7. pay for @ a form 8. apply for B Fit the gaps with the verbs in the box to form correct collocations, transfer contact announce promote 1,_____ some money 2__ the office 3,___ sales 4 something repair recommend do complete 5.__acar 6 —__ a project ——______ bussiness Bhighly ight column: a ae et eee ee ee te Section 1 Chapter 1-314. Mr. Smith decided to ___ for ‘the job advertised in the newspaper. (A) apply (B) recommend (©) do (0) pay ‘decide severe 2, The company is going to run a new commercial to ________ sales. (A) return. ©) quit (©) transfer (0) promote ‘an @ commercial 3. I have to this final report by the end of the week. (A) solve (8) repair (C) participate (0) complete ‘inal report 4. The director strongly —_______ Mr. Watson for the job of manager. (A) contacted (8) recommended (0) quit (0) transferred ‘rector ‘sronaly 32~ ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence. 5. The board of directors will gather to the problem next month. (A) do (8) participate (C) sove (0) apply board of rectors ‘gathor The manual lots of infor- mation on how to use the machine. (A) makes (8) is (©) has (0) seems how to uve the machine . Jackson's proposal about the new marketing policy looks —__. (A) interests (8) interest (©) interesting (0) to interest smarting policy ‘The new manager made _ work overtime without any exception. (A) us (8) we (©) our (©) ours work veri ‘wthout any exception www.nhantriviet.com9. Many people — in line in the lobby. (A) made (8) recommended (©) wrote (0) waited 10. All of the applicants the system very inconvenient, (A) became (8) found (C) tured (0) mentioned applicant een Inconveniont 11. He ______ the doctor's office to make an appointment. (A) called (8) calling (©) caller (0) to call ‘ake an appointment wwwnhantriviet.com 12. The Madison Hotel free coffee and drinks in the lobby. (A) becomes (8) finds (C) offers (0) keeps _ guests 13. The looked effective, and the board of directors liked it. (A) propose (8) proposal (C) proposed (0) proposes ‘tect 14, The factory manager sent a memo _ all of the employees. (A) of (8) for (in ©) to {acory manager Section 1 Chapter 1-33Questions 15-16 refer to the following letter. ee ype ye ec 0 ee ene 2 ae Dear Lost and Found, | am writing this letter to ask you about my missing wallet. Last Friday, | ______ on your airline to go to Boston. | had my wallet when | 15. (A) flew (8) rode (©) boring (0) useful boarded Flight No. 053 in Vancouver. After arriving in Boston, | took @ taxi. When | tried to __ for the taxi, | found my wallet was missing. | guess that | dropped 16. (A) fil (8) pay (© enter (0) make my wallet on the plane. The wallet is brown leather, and there are several credit cards in my name in it. Could you kindly check if there is a missing wallet on the plane? Thank you in advance. Regards, Luke Danes Ss vee yy ec ne 2 ene ee a es ee ee a eee lost and found missing wallet board drop Teather soverl credit card in advance 34 ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comPhrases and Clauses in English = Phrases and Clauses A phrase is a group of related words without a subject and a verb. A clause is a group of words that contain a subject and a verb. The fle is on the desk. (Prase) To get a job is difficult. (Prase) | know that some engineers made a great plan, (ciawse) They will get a bonus when the sales increase. (Cisse) Noun Phrases and Noun Clauses Noun phrases and noun clauses can function as a subject or an object of a verb, o a complement in a sentence. To increase the price is not a good idea. (Noun phrase = subject) His suggestion is to increase the price. (Noun phrase = complement) They don't want to increase the price. (Noun phrase = object) | know that he is not ready. (Noun clause = object) The truth is that they cannot afford it. evoun claus = complement) —___ ES Decide whether each of the underlined parts is a phrase or a clause. 1. The meeting will start in the afternoon, 2. He knows that the company produces electronic goods. 3. We want to leave the company. 4, Many people believe that oil prices will go up. 5. To work for the company is not easy.Nouns & Pronouns™ AMOUN is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or an abstract idea. A noun can function as.a subject, an-object, or a. complement in a sentence. ‘* A doctor helps people. Object: /father is a teacher. ‘Subject. Complement APFONOUM is used to replace a noun or anoun phrase: There are personal pronouns (he, she, it, etc.), possessive pronouns (his, hers, etc,), reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, etc), etc. ‘A personal pronoun replaces a specific person or thing that has been mentioned. ‘A possessive pronoun substitutes a noun phrase that indicates a possession relation. A reflexive pronoun is used to emphasize that itis the subject who does /did the action or to show that the object of a verb is the same person or thing as the subject of a sentence. thas a meating this afternoon. (Personal pronoun) * His proposal is better than mine. (Possessive prondun)Functions of a Noun What is a noun? ‘Anoun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or an abstract idea. E.g.: company, computer, puppy, Sam, the Republic of Korea, music, kindness, New York, hamburger Functions of a noun Ina sentence, a noun has one of the following functions: Eien Rr ee ee io cece Choose the correct noun in brackets for each sentence. Thien, name its function. The (meeting / meet) will be delayed. oly The event was a huge (success / succeed). — huge ‘What we need now is your (cooperation / cooperate), cooperate The (manager / manage) is not fulfing his job, fu We need to arrange a (gathering / gather), —___ arrange My boss is satisfied with his (employ / employees), be satsied wih Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. Unfortunately, the —_swtie is out of order. uniorunatey out of order copier @® copier ® copy © copying ® to copy . The R&D Department at Info Tech is looking for __Obiex_. look for speciaize ® special © specialize © specializing © specialists www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 Chapter 2-39Noun Suffixes When a noun suffix is added to a verb or an adjective, a noun will be formed. Below are some common noun suffixes. femees eres ition ato ment Noun suffixes indicating occupations or people When the suffix ant, -or/-er, or -2@ is added to a verb or an adjective, a noun which means “a person who does an action” is formed. ee ee ‘A. Choose the correct noun from the adjective or verb given. 4. significant > (significance / significature) 6. distribute ~> (distributor / distributence) 2. fulfill > (futflion / futfllment) 7. eonduct > (conductor / conductant) 3. invest > (investition / investment) 8. train > (trainee / trainment) 4, safe > (safety / safer) 9. apply > (applicant / applier) 5. arrive > (arrivence / arrival) 40. supervise > (superviser / supervisor) B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1 ____ can get a brochure on the second floor, brochure on the second foor ®To participate @ Participate © Participants © Participating 2, ______ in computer courses has increased for the past few years. enrol forthe past fow years @ To enroll ® Enrollment © Enrolts © Enrolled 40 - ABC TOEIC Reasing Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comPositions of a Noun Ina sentence, a noun is usually found after an article, an adjective, a possessive adjective, or ‘a preposition, itions of an or ee ee coc) a St See! eee ey oe ee) oa) reposition + noun) A Look at the following sentences and place the nouns in brackets in the correct position — (A), (B), (©), oF 0). 1. (applicant) The @ is not @ qualified © for © the job, 2. (supervisor) @ Your © will inform © you ©) next week. 3. (campaign) An @ aggressive © wil © be effective ©. 4, (renovations) The @ shop @ is closed © for ©. 8. (accountant) An @ experienced © will © be hired © soon. 6. (Gatistaction)-We will try @ to solve your @ problem © to your ©. B_ Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. An early _____is required, especially in this kind of situation, oay be required ® decide @® decision © to decide © decided 2. We are looking for someone with two years of ______ in the marketing field rperonce ld @® experiencing @ to experience © experience © experienced www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 Chapter 2-41Types of Nouns ‘There are two types of nouns: countable nouns and uncountable nouns. * Countable nouns are people or things that can be counted, They include common nouns (‘eferring to @ person or thing in a general sense, ¢.9. article, company, discount) and collective nouns (naming a group of people or things, e.g. family, committee). * Uncountable nouns are people or things that cannot be counted. They include concrete nouns (naming anything that you can perceive by your physical senses: touch, sight, taste, hearing, (or smell, 6.9. air, salt), abstract nouns (opposite to concrete nouns, e.g. advice, satisfaction, diligence), and proper nouns (naming a specific person, place, or thing, e.g. America, Monday, ‘Mr. Johnson). + Gountable nouns are used inthe structures a/an/the + singular noun an (the +) ‘plural noun. - Uncountable nouns cannot follow the article a/an and convo hiro ‘Structure isthe +) singular rioun. Cnn Cents ae Coa an inf Coe oer Ceca a) ae oe Bees Eres A. Choose the correct noun in brackets for each sentence. 1. The book provides general (information / informations) on health. 2. Your country should sign (agreement / an agreement). 3. My boss is always late for (meeting / meetings). 4. You cannot carry a lot of (luggages / luggage). B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. You need to wear protective _________ att the construction site. @ cloth @ clothe © clothings © clothing 2. The research shows that this _________ can cause big noise problems. ® some machineries @ machineries © machinery @ a machinery 42 ABC TOEIC Rating Comprenension www.nhantriviet.com‘Some and any are quantifiers used to refer to an indefinite quantity. Some and any have the following features: 4, Some and any come before @ noun and function as an adjective indicating an indefinite quantity ‘Some people complained about overtime work, If you need any help, e-mail me. 2. Some and any can be used with both countable nouns and uncountable nouns. ‘Some candidates were not present at the campaign event. | need some advice from you. ‘You cannot use any services without my permission. 8. Some is mostly used in affirmative sentences, while any is.used in negative, interrogative, and conditional sentences, | have some questions to ask you. | don't have any questions. Ifyou have any problems, let me know. > Fill each gap with some or any. companies make a lot of profits in this economic situation make profits ‘The management doesn't want to fire ______ employees next year. management re Do you have _____ concems about your new job? concen Our office needs ___ equipment before we start a new project. ecuipment You should not touch furniture in this lobby. touch frit Mr. Norris found mistakes in the final report. mistake fal report Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. ‘The trainees didn’t have _____ questions about the new systern. trainee @® theirs @ any © some Oa ‘The engineers reported that _______ machinery has critical problems. machinery crteal @ they ® some © any Oa www.nhantriviet.com ‘Section 1 Chapter 2-43Personal Pronouns What is a personal pronoun? ‘A personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing by using words like J, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, etc. There are subject pronouns and object pronouns, * Types of personal pronouns Cs Scene ety fire ‘A Choose the correct personal pronoun in brackets for each sentence. 1, Please give (I / me) some advice. sevice 2. (You / Me) should submit your résumé by Friday. ubmit dau 8. Do you often contact (he / him) at work? contact 4. Diana is from the UK. (She / Her) is English 5. After many years, (they / them) returned to their homeland. homelans 6. | was surprised to see (she / her) at the conference. bbe curpised to conference B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 4. | finished writing up the report, but _ hasn't finished it yet. ®him ®he © they © her 2. Please inform ________ of any schedule changes. @! ®my © mine Ome 44 ABC TOEIC Reading Cont waw.nhantrviet.comro TT Possessive Adjectives & Possessive Pronouns Possessive adjectives A possessive adjective comes before a noun and modifies that noun. Is that your book? This is their house. Possessive pronouns ‘A possessive pronoun is used to substitute a noun phrase that indloates @ Possession relation This is your car and that is hers. He is a friend of mine. Number Sony \ Note: We cannot use a/an/the, this/these, that/those, no, some, any, every, etc. in front of a possessive adjective. Fe isa friend of mine. (0) He is a my friend. () ‘A. Choose te correct option in brackets for each sentence. 1. Do you |e (his / him) contact information? contact normation 2. Here is my Ventification, and now | need to see (your / yours). ientcaton 3. (Our / Us) nav software program has become popular. software program 4, They are going ‘o make some changes in (you / your) proposal. proposal 5. We want to see ('t/ its) historical monuments. "trea! monument 6. He did his assign vant, and she did (her / hers). sssgnmant B Choose the correct 0; n to complete each sentence. 1, These are my teachers . — ____ names are Paul and Rita. @ They @ reir © Them © Theirs 2. Her mobile phone is broken. she borrowed —— @! ®my ©mine Ome wwwnhantriviet.com Section 1 # Chapter 2-45Reflexive Pronouns Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix -self (or -selves to plural forms) to the object pronouns or possessive adjectives. you ~ yourself ‘we - ourselves Reflexive pronouns are used to show that the object of a verb is the same person or thing as the subject of a sentenos. Dr. Patel introduced himself before the speech. (himself = Dr. Patel) Reflexive pronouns are also used to emphasize that it is the subject who does/ Look at the underlined parts, then choose an appropriate reflexive pronoun for each sentence. The manager will contact the applicants (herself / myself). ‘The president delivered the document by (himself / themselves). She has to reserve a hotel (on herself / for herself) Ms. Sanchez will give a tour of the factory (himself / herself). Suddenly, the new copy machine started to work of (yourself / itself) Martha and Kevin made up the plan (them / themsetves). B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each ¢ -ntence. 1. Jennifer Lee said that she prefers traveling by _— to traveling wit. ots of people. preter Ato @ herself © himself © itself Oher 2. The executives of the board ____ decided to conduct the are /sis, exocutve 1d conduct analysis ® himsett @ herself © themselves © reir 46 - ABC TOEIC Resting Compzchonsion wowwnhantriviet.comNouns ‘A Match the words in the left column with their corresponding words inthe right colunin, . sign a(n) . establish a(n) each a(n) . work as a(n) |. account @ speaker . customer ® schedule . a reliable © rates . safety @ information a production © analysis 5. interest © technician . a computer @ satisfaction a keynote ® measures Fill the gaps with the nouns in the box to form correct collocations. appointment organization renovations make a(n) close for convenience agreement transportation at your 5. public S wie tbiederecere 3 contract consultant Section 1 # Chapter 2-474. Ms. Nora decided to find a solution for the problem by ——__—— (A) her (©) hers (©) herselt (0) she ecide 2. Make sure you bring ID to open an account (A) you (B) your: (C) yours (D) yourself open an account ____ for the job must pass very difficult test. (A) Applying (8) Apply (C) To apply (0) Applicants 4, need to find _____— investors for this business. (A). any (B) some (© yours (0) yourself Investor 48 - ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions _a--ss--2--Decide which of the choices — (A), (B), (C), or (0) ~ ‘best completes the sentence. 5. Your ___ in this matter will be appreciated, (A) cooperation (8) cooperating {C) cooperate (0) to cooperate ‘operation appreciate 6. The recent —_ conducted by Today's Report showed some surprising results. (A) researching (8) research (©) to research (0) researched cont sping 7. The will inform you of any changes happening here. (A) managing (8) manager (©) managed (0) manage inform A of 8. It costs a lot of money to conduct a(n) to find out customers’ needs. (A) office (8) ourselves, (©) survey (P) equipment ‘ost fd out customer's needs wwnwnhantriviet.com|. The We asked Ms. Lee if wants to come back later. (A) she (@) her (© hers (0) herself The assistant decided to deal with the problem by (A) he (8) him (© his (0) himself was established in 1977 to help poor children in the world, (A) consultant (8) agreement (C) transportation (0) organization bbe established eer chien www.nhantriviet.com 12, Itis always better to use public during rush hour. (A) transportation (8) convenience (C) appointment (0) agreement ‘ring rush nour 13, The company is going to hire a to help us with our management problems. () consultant () trainee (©) candidate (0) contractor “re management 14, You can make a call or send an e-mail to make a(n) with Dr. Stewart (A) development ©) possibiity (©) renovation (0) appointment make @ cal Section 1 * Chapter 2-49Questions 15-16 refer to the following advertisement. sr pet gL LE SLE TIERS TOE TOUS LL TOIL TOTO ITO TOTES pty Do you want to get some new home appliances? Sears can help you. Enjoy our special offer! ‘This weekend, we are offering a special _____ on home appliances such as 415. (A) discounts (®) discount (©) discounting (0) to discount refrigerators, washing machines, and dishwashers. i i The offer lasts only for three days. ______— should hurry up. This offer ends on 16. (A) You (8) Your (© Yours (0) Yourself March 8. Visit Sears today and get the home appliances you want. home appliances special ofr washing machine ahwasher—tast_—_ ond 50 ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension wwwnhanteiviet.comThings You Should Know about Nouns 1. Nouns which are usually in the plural form Nouns referring to things that are made from two parts are always used in the plural form and followed by plural verbs. glasses pants scissors jeans Confusing nouns with an -s ending Nouns referring to a subject or knowledge area end in -s, but they are actu- ally singular nouns and followed by singular verbs. economics mathematics linguistics 3. Nouns having the same singular and plural forms The following nouns remain the same in both singular and plural forms. a means ~a lot of means species ~ many species aseries - three series . The meanings of some nouns change depending on their singular or plural form. ens Cen Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence. 1. Mathematics (is / are) useful for my job. 2. need to buy a pair of (glass / glasses) 3. English is one of the (means / mean) of communication. 4, There (aren't / isn't) enough room here. 5. We discussed the matter three (time / times)Adjectives & Adverbs* An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying it. An adjective usually comes before the noun it modifies or after a linking verb. Sometimes, it comes after the object of such verbs:as find; make, keep, etc. © a successful project (Modifying the noun project) «The project is successful. (Functioning as a subject complement) | found it easy. (Functioning as an object complement) An adverb is a word that describes a state or an action in more detail by indicating manner, time, place, cauge, or degree. ‘An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a whole sentence. It is formed by adding the suffix -ly to an adjective (e.g. careful - carefully, safe - safely, skillful = skilfully) | completely forgot about the meeting. (Modifying the verb forgot) That was very useful. {Modifying the adjective useful) Thank you very much. (Modifying the adverb much) Unfortunately, | couldn't make it. (Modifying the whole sentence) ‘Note: Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs. There are some adjec- tives that are formed by adding -ly to their nouns. friend - friendly love ~ lovelyFunctions and Positions of an Adjective Functions of an adjective In a sentence, an adjective has two functions ‘© Modifying a noun «a difficult decision (The adjective dificult modifies the noun decision) ‘* Modifying a subject or an object: it functions as a complement The service was Very good. (The adjective good macifes the subject the service) Positions of an adjective on Ton ees lowing linking verbs like be, Ce acne Cee eet ee re Sana ees ects of the verbs keep, sees Look at the following sentences and place the adjectives in brackets in the correct posit (8), (C), o (0). (various) @ Companies ® attended © the © fair. (useful This pamphlet ® gives ® information on © online © shopping. (difficult) The ® work ® became © very ©. (useful) ® | ® found © it ©. (convenient) Find ® a ® way © to do © the work. . (expensive) ® H&P Co. @ sells © products ©. -A, Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. |. Everybody knows that it is a ® compete ® competitive © competitively @ competition __ market All the staff members were _— during the workshop. staff member during ® cooperate ® cooperation © cooperative © cooperatively www.nhantriviet.com Section 1« Chapter 3-55Useful Adjectives Confusing adjectives Gis es Seo ic uo terrific 7 een) be likely to rn Cees fer ‘A. Choose the correct adjective in brackets for each sentence. 1. My team had to face the (awesome / awful) results. 2. The employee training was quite (successive / successful). 3. You should be (capable / aware) of the danger of this change. 4, He is (likely / ready) to step down. 5, Ms. Scott is not (able / eligible) for the promotion. 6. This schedule is (subject / capable) to change without notice. B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. A_________ number of people attended the conference. @ consider ® considerate © considerable © consideration 2. Mr. Tanaka is of dealing with unexpected problems in the office. @ ready ® responsible © awesome © capable 56 ~ ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com seek.Functions and Positions of an Adverb Functions of an adverb Most adverbs are formed by adjective + -ly. An adverb is used to emphasize a state or an action. E + Modifying a vert They highly recommended the product. (aver + vr) t * Modifying an adjective ‘That was a very creative idea. (hve + aletve) * Modifying another adverb All of the employees worked very hard. (ava + acer) ‘© Modifying a whole sentence Unfortunately, the tickets are sold out. (Advetb + sentence) Positions of an adverb eens Examples nding at the beginning or at Poe aeibccgriieiats > Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence. ‘The sales clerk (high / highly) recommended this item. ‘The copy machine is (currently / current) out of order. (Unfortunately / Unfortunate), he is not available now. The computer was not working (properly / proper) The R&D team (successfully / successful) completed the project. When it rains, you should drive (careful / carefully) B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. i | 4. The new policy was — difficult to implement pesey Implant | @® extreme @ extremes © extremely ® to extreme | 2. The vice president retired as of last Monday. vce prsent as of ast Mndey | @ office © official © officially O offices | wwwunhantriviet.com Section 1# Chapter 3-57Useful Adverbs Common adverbs of frequency ‘You wil usually find adverbs of frequency following auxliary verbs or the verb be, and preceding ordinary verbs. ‘The meeting usually fasts 90 minutes. (Preceding the ordinary verb ast) Mr. Kim is rarely late for work. (Following the ver be) They will never care about it. (Following the auxiliary verb wil) Confusing adverbs ‘Adverbs having the same form as their adjectives This is a hard task for her to handle. (jective) We are trying hard to increase the sales figures. (Advert) ‘A. Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence. He worked for Info Tech for (near / nearly) ten years. My boss (hard / hardly) calls in sick. Employees in the Public Relations Department work (hard / hardly). ‘Some major stockholders arrived (late / lately). He went to a bank (near / nearly) the conference hall B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. ___ due to low demand. ‘due to low demand 4. Car prices have decreased @ last ® lateness © lately O late 2. My coworker __ comes in late. He is always on time. came Inte “on te @® never © always © usually © sometimes 58 — ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension wwew.nhantriviet.comComparisons of Equality of Adjectives and Adverbs The structure as + adjective/adverb + as is used to say that two people or things are equal in some quality or some way. This train is as slow as that one, (as + adjective + as) Fill out this form as quickly as possible, (as + adverb + as) © as + adjective + as vs. as + adverb + as eos an Soe C noe The new machine is as expensive as the old one. (Functioning as the subject complement of the new machine) Please respond to this e-mail as promptly as you can. (Modifying the verb respond) ‘A Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence. ‘The new printer is as (effective / effectively) as the old one. . His suggestion was as (creatively / creative) as mine, . They are as (qualified / qualify) as Mr. Armstrong for this work. 1 2 3 4. The plan is going as (smooth / smoothly) as we thought. 5. Mr. Thomson entered the meeting room as (quiet / quietly) as he could. 6 Please deal with these customer complaints as (fastly / fast) as you can. B Look at the 's printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. You should hand in the sales report to the boss as _____ as possible. hardin soles report ® auick © quickly © quicker © quickest 2. This year’s salary increase is as ______as that of last year. ths year salary increase @® largely @® larger © largest © large www nhantriviet.com Section 1 » Chapter 3-59Comparative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs Usage and formation of the comparative forms ‘The comparative form is used to compare only two people or things. The comparative form of one-syllable adjectives/ adverbs is adjective/adverb + -er. “The comparative form of more-than-one-syilable adjectives /adverbs is more + adjective /adverb. ‘The preposition conjunction than is added to compare one person or thing withthe other His speech was longer than mine, 4 ‘The damage was more serious than we had thought. You should speak more clearty. ~ epoca oe> Below ane itegular comparative forms of some adjectives! ole “bad baty - worse eran = mee faces 4 ‘Adverbs emphasizing comparative forms ‘Adverbs like even, much, stil, far, a lot are putin front of the comparative forms of adjectives / adverbs to emphasize them. “The marketing strategy is much better than we expected. A. Complete each sentence withthe correct comparative form of the adjective or adverb given in brackets. 41. (high) The cost was they had said, 2, (goon) The meeting finished than we had thought it would 3. (carefully) You should review the report ————. 4, (greatly) The exports increased __ than we had expected. 5, (fast) The oil prices are going to increase now. ‘6. (much, serious) The trafic jam is _____— before, B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 4. The productivity of the factory became ______— than before. productivity ®low ® much low © lower © as lower 2, Tho usage of the device was more difficult than had thought. wsage even ® alot © vey © many Oso 60-—ABC TOEIC Reading Compression www.nhantriviet.coSuperlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs Usage and formation of the superlative forms ‘The superlative form is used to compare more than two people or things. ‘The supetiatve form of one-sylable adjectives /adverbs is adjective/adverb + -est. ‘The superlative form of more-than-one-syllable adjectives adverbs is most + adjective adverb, ‘The article the is a must in superlative forms. This store has the widest selection of CDs in the town Dream Co. is the most important client, ‘The company produces the best collular phone in the world. _ Below are the iregular superative forme of some adjectives/ adverbs. good/woll best bad/badly- worst much/many~ most litle least Common expressions of superlative forms ES at the latest at most Complete each sentence with the correct supertative form of the adjective or adverb given in brackets. 1. (small) The company developed _______ laptop computer in the world. 2. (impressive) That was ______ presentation. 8. (much) At least she worked ______at the company. 4, (bad) We had __ sales record this year. 5. (efficiently) | think he works 8. (good) They offer ___ quality seafood in the country. B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. Ms, Pitt is the ____ employee in the Sales Department. ® reliable @ most reliable © more reliable © reliablest 2. You should submit it by Friday at the @ late @ latest © later © most wwew.nhantriviet.com Section 1 Chapter 3-61Common Expressions of Comparisons rete coe cet q See ee ets ee ee ee Cee ees Cee ees ee ne eee en has + Sty ee His suggestion was not so effective as that of the manager. ‘The more we know about the problem, the more difficult it becomes. That Is one of the most expensive products. This is the biggest automobile factory | have ever seen. > Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. The Hilton Hotel is one of the (largest / large) hotels in the world. The more employees earn, (the harder / the hardest) they work. Coit Tower is one of the (tallest / tall) buildings in the city ‘The new computer was not so expensive (as / than) the old one. Steven is (the most / the more) hard-working employee | have ever met. ‘The more difficult the work gets, the (much / more) interesting it seems. B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 4. One of the ______ international conferences will be held in this country intmational conference be held @® bigger @as big © most biggest © biggest 2. The cost of living was not so __as we had expected. costo ving @® high @ higher © highest © as high 62 ABC TOEIC Raaing Comprehension wwrw.nhantriviet.cominthe FOEIC test www.nhantrviet.com Section 1 Chapter 3 63Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions -- Decide which of the choices — (A), (B), (C), or (0) ~ best completes the sentence, 4. The report shows that Chilean wine's market share increased this year. (A) various (8) legal (C) official (0) productive Chilean wine 2. Your company should take action to solve the problem. (A) proper (8) permanent (©) competitive (0) complimentary shows take action 8. The president said that it was the meeting he has ever had. (A) more productive (8) productive (©) most productive (0) productivity productive 4, The team made a presentation in a very —_ way. (A) impress (8) impressive (C) impressiveness (0) impressively ‘make a presertaton 64-ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension 5. We need to finish the report by next Friday at the __ (A) later (8) late (O) latest (0) lately by next Friday 2 Sales directors should go to Room 100 for another meeting, (A) direct (®) directly (©) direction (©) directive Sale aector 7. We found the manual absolutely — jin dealing with customer complaints. (A) importantly (©) importance (©) important (©) importing aboot ‘eal with customer complaint 8. The more motivated the workers are, the the productivity becomes. A) high ®) higher (©) highly (D) more highly rotated productivity www.nhantriviet.comPlease read the instructions as as possible. (A) careful (®) care (C) carefully (0) more carefully 40. The budget cut made our project more difficut. (A) many (8) very (©) so (0) even bedget out 11. Make sure you have all the data with you. (A) need (8) necessary (C) necessarily (0) needs ata www.nhantriviet.com 12. 13, 14, ‘They renovated the stores in order to attract more customers. (A) late (8) recently (©) likely (0) hard We will discuss who is ___ for the position. (A) afraid (B) aware (©) eligible (0) subject clcuss The solar panels were not so as we had anticipated. (A) efficient (8) efficiently (©) more efficient (0) most efficient Section 1 + Chapter 3-65,Questions 15-16 refer to the following notice. 6 pera le ip Spee He 66- ABC TORIC Reading Comprehension We would like to inform you that the employee cafeteria on the second floor will be closed for renovations. These renovations will enable us to provide all of our em- ployees with _____ service and food than now. 15. (A) good () best (0) better (0) welt ‘The renovations will take three days. The snack bar on the third floor 16. (A) approximate (8) approximations (©) approximately (0) more approximately will be open for drinks and snacks. ‘Thank you for your cooperation. seen A CANS SHAS ES! eceneconusaenconsih would tke to inform employee cafeteria renovation enable provide cooperation wav nhantriviet.corKinds of Adverbs = Connecting adverbs Connecting adverbs are used to join two sentences or clauses together to make them more natural in meaning. They are put at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence and between two clauses. | gave a presentation. However, the audience didn't like it We met the sales target. Therefore, we got the incentive, Adverbs of time Besides direct adverbs of time such as yesterday, last night, now, etc., there are some other common adverbs of time as follows. The meeting has already started. | haven't received the letter yet Have you read the letter yet? We are still expecting a pay raise. Negative adverbs ‘These adverbs themselves express the meaning of negation. Therefore, such negative words as not and never cannot be put in front of them. ea He seldom says no to his boss. Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence. 1. The chairman hasn't signed the contract (already / yet). 2. Their office supplies are good. (However / Furthermore), they are cheap. 3. They (seldom / not) have problems with the product. 4. We were short of money. (Nevertheless / Moreover, we decided to develop a new product,& Tenses In English, there are Simple tenses, progressive tenses, and perfect tenses. The time of an action or a state will decide the form of the verb in a sentence. In English, the verb forms show different tenses. Present simp imple Future simple Simple tense tense tens tenses work | worked | wil work ‘She works She worked ‘She will work co ra org Progressive (i co @ i €o ce tenses tam working Iwas working | wil be working She's working | She was working | She willbe working Pern Past perfect c tense have worked had worked | wil have worked ‘She has worked | She had worked | She will have worked chan ConranPresent Simple Tense ‘The present simple tense is used to describe a habitual action, a general truth, or an existing state at present. The present simple tense is formed by using the bare infinitive, but if the subject is the third singular person, -8/-(i)es must be added to the verb. The verb be is conjugated as am/is/are depending on the subject. They / start / their work / at 9 in the morning. (A habitual action) ‘Mr. Parker / is / busy / now. (A state at present) The present simple tense expressing a future event 1, When referring to schedules (of films, events, matches, means of transportation, etc), we mostly Use the present simple tense, According to this schedule, the presentation starts at 7 ‘The workshop ends in an hour. 2. In adverb clauses of time (starting with when, before, etc.) and first conditional clauses (starting with if), we also use the present simple tense, Before you submit it, you should check it once again. (wll submit: x) If they complete the projact tomorrow, they will have a party. (wil complete: x) ‘A Complete the following sentences with the present simple tense of the verbs given in brackets. (get) He always ____ to work at 8 o'clock. (work) They as consultants. (go) The manager — on a business trip every month (review) When she _____ the report, she will bring it to you (start) My company's Christmas party — at 9 tonight (be) An analysis report on the stock market _______on your desk B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. The sales meeting usually _at 5. sales mesting @® begins @® begin © beginning © will begin 2. fhe _____ the team, we will start the project right away. joes aay ®ioin @ joins © joines © wil join wowwnhantrviet.com Section 1 «Chapter 4~71Past Simple Tense ‘The past simple tense is used to describe an action, an event, or a condition that happened in the past, sometime before the moment of speaking, For regular verbs, itis formed by adding -(e)d to the bare infinitive, | / received / your order sheet. (An action happened before the time of speckng) The price / went up. (Bois an imeqular ver.) Common irregular verbs on pee ao ee loft Po gave ! co ce Ea coe ‘* Common expressions used in the past simple tense Below are adverbs and adverb phrases which are commonly used in the past simple tense. eee een en teed a eae ee ru Peso) ‘A. Complete the following sentences with the past simple tense of the verbs given in brackets. 4. (work) | _____—_ all night long yesterday. 2. (give) The president ___a speech yesterday. 3. (close) They _____— the deal. 4, (like) The executive board __ my suggestion. 5. (write) |______ a letter of complaint last month. 6. (start) The firm _______ looking for workers three months ago. B_ Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 4. My boss 07a business tip last Friday. go on 8 business tip ®g @ went © goes © going 2. Last week, he successfully — the project. success, @ finishes © finish © finished © will finish T2- ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehonsion wwwanhantriviet.comFuture Simple Tense ‘The future simple tense is used to express an action that will happen after the moment of speaking The structure of the future simple tense is will + bare infinitive, Note that the structure be going to + bare infinitive is used to express a prediction or a future plan. They / will begin / the project. He /is going to sign / the contract, ‘© Common expressions used in the future simple tense tomorrow aaa Ee en ‘A Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. 1. The show (began / will begin) tomorrow. 2. The president (is going to retire / will retired) next year. 8. He (is going to join / are going to joining) the marketing team next month. 4. He (is going to visited / will visit) the L.A. branch in a few hours. 6. 6. At this rate, Luke is going to (completed / complete) the project sometime next week. The engineer (will drop / are going to dropping) by your office next Friday. B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. | { 1. Helen is going to — A&T Communications next week. | @ leave ® to leave Oeett © will leave 2. Hopefully, the package ___in a few days. hopefully package ® ave © arrived © will arive © arriving www.nhantriviet.com Section 1# Chapter 4-73Present Progressive Tense & Past Progressive Tense The present progressive tense ‘The present progressive tense is used to describe an action; an event, or a condition that is happening at present or at the moment of speaking, or to emphasize the continuing state of an action, an event, or a condition, It is occasionally used to indicate a future plan or event. Its structure is am/is/are + bare infinitive + -ing The company / is recruiting / a few employees. We / are conducting / research. am meeting / my client / this evening, The past progressive tense ‘The past progressive tense is used to talk about an action or a situation that lasted for some time in the past and whose duration is unknown or unimportant. Its structure Is was/were + bare infinitive + -ing. Mr, Kerr / was preparing / his speech. They / were having / a sales meeting. ‘A. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. | (am preparing / was preparing) a presentation at 9 last night. ‘The experts (discussing / are discussing) the matter in. detail. The technicians (was fixing / were fixing) the computers. The committee (is reviewing / be reviewing) his application form now. Some of the staff members (was participating / were participating) in the seminar. They (have / were having) a reception with their clients an hour ago. B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 4. Sam ______ for a job, but there were not many. ook for @®is looking @ are looking © was looking © were looking 2. The executives ___ an argument at the moment. at the moment @®haa © are having © were having © having 14-ABC TOEIC Reading Gomprohension wwwenhantriviet.comPresent Perfect Tense ‘The present perfect tense is used to describe an action or a state that began in the past and Continues to the present or has just been completed at the moment of speaking. It is often Used to suggest that a past action or state stil has an effect upon the present. Its structure is have/has + past participle. This tense is usually accompanied by adverbs or ‘adverb phrases of time such as just, since, over the past year, for the past/last year, 80 far, etc. Uses of the present perfect tense eas Pee reall Cerna eer Ld lal co Expressing eae] Cones re Tees Hier ee een cet Coty Pee penne a ee A Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. She (has just completed / have just completed) the work. Oil prices (increase / have increased) a lot for the past two years. They (has already finalized / have already finalized) the application. We (visit / have visited) the city three times to attend conferences, Pam International (increases / has increased) its workforce by 10 percent over the last ‘two years, 6. Since last summer, Daniel (has taken / took) three business trips to Europe. B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. Since last winter, they ____ financial difficulty. franca! tty @ has experienced @ experienced © have experienced © experiencing 2, Mr. Jackson ___ for the firm for ten years, @ has worked @ have worked — © works © working www.nhantriviet.com Section 1» Chapter 4~75Present Perfect Tense vs. Past Simple Tense The present perfect tense ‘The present perfect tense is used to describe an action or a state that began in the past and continues to the present or has just been completed at the moment of speaking. It is also used to describe a past action or state which still has an effect upon the present. ‘Common time markers for this tense are ever, never, already, just, for, since, etc. ‘The company’s sales / have increased / for the past year. Mr, Hank / has worked / for International, Inc. / since 2005. The past simple tense ‘The past simple tence is used to describe an action ora state that occurred ata specific ime in the past and has no more effect on the present. Common time markers for this tense indicate a specific time such as yesterday, last month, ago, last year, etc. “They / ordered / a new laptop computer / yesterday. ‘The team / made / a plan / to promote sales / a few days ago. 'A. Look at the time markers printed in bold and write the correct tense of the verb given in brackets for each sentence. 4. (conduct) Last August, they ______ a survey. concct Sune 2. (try) They ____— to complete the report since last Monday. complete 3. (quit) He _____— his job two months ago. out 4, (work) Steve for this firm since 1998. fio 5. 6 (finish) The team the investigation a few days ago. Investigation . (worry) Customers about the service for the past few years. cisions: wory B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 41, The job fair place in Chicago tast month, eb tok take pce @® takes @ take © took @ has taken 2, Since last September, they ___ a lot of profit pott ® make @ will make © made @ have made 176- ABC TOEIC Reasing Comprehension ‘www.nhantriviet.comPast Perfect Tense & Future Perfect Tense The past perfect tense ‘The past perfect tense is used to indicate that one action occurred and completed before another action in the past. Generally, itis used to show which of the two actions happened first. its structure Is had + past participle ‘The man / had ved / in Los Angeles / before he moved to Boston. The future perfect tense The future perfect tense is used to express an action that will be completed before a specific. point of time in the future or before another future action takes place. tts structure is will have + past participle, As of next week, / | / will have worked / for this company / for 10 years. > Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. Jim (has worked / had worked) for a consulting firm before he came here. They didn't realize that somebody (had stolen / has stolen) their files. As of next month, we (will work / will have worked) on this project for 10 months. | didn't know that somebody (has broken / had broken) into my office. By 2017, he (has been / will have been) in this business for 20 years. By next week, we (will have completed / had completed) the annual report. B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. As of next February, the accounting manager ___ away for 2 years, asofnext February accounting maneger @® has been ® will have been © had been © been | 2. Before they submitted the proposal, they _______a lot of research for it. | submit proposal | @ has done ® had done ©will have done @ done www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 Chapter 4-7778 ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension aa : e 2 : a : wwwnhantriviet.com1. ICD Co. announced that it would a new product next year. (A) remain (8) conduct (©) launch (0) renew a ticket to 2. The secretary New York. (A) booked (©) complained (©) increased (0) met secretary 8. The company decided to___ the workforce in the Maintenance Department. (A) afford (©) reserve (C) postpone (0) reduce worktores Maintenance Department 4. Mr. Brown __ last week. (A) submitted (8) submit {C) submits (0) submission the sales report ‘aie report | wowwenhantriviet.com Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions --Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (0) - best completes the sentence. 5. We ____ anew model to the China market in a month, (A) introduce (8) introduced (©) will introduce (D) were introducing Last year, my team asem- inar every month, (A) held (8) holds (©) holding (©) will holding hold 7. There _ increased. concern about our competitors for the last year. (A) have been (8) has been (C) was (0) be increased concer competitor 8. The committee _____ the proposal at the moment. (A) was reviewing (8) is reviewing (©) reviews (©) reviewed revlow propose! Section 1* Chapter 4-799. By next month, Morgan ——___ in the department for 3 years Ais (©) was (©) has been (©) will have been by next month 10. Ms. Sanderson ___ fora marketing firm before she came here. (A) has worked (8) works (©) working (0) had worked ‘marketing tm ‘etore 11. Ms. Kimberly out of the country until next Tuesday. (A) was 8) is (©) willbe (0) has been 80 ABC TOEIC Reading Comprshension 12. The manager asked if there __ any calls for her. (A) Is (@) are (C) had been (0) has been 13. By 2020, the demand for digital cam- eras _.__ twofold. (A) will increase (B) has increased (C) will have increased (0) increases seman ‘wotols 14, if managers their employ- 8s to work overtime, they will have to pay them more money. (A) want (8) will want (©) wants (0) have wanted ‘work overtime www.nhantriviet.com‘Questions 15-16 refer to the following letter. DORE WOW DOA OOOO { Dear Mr. Lee, § § am so sorry that we _________a mistake while processing your order last week. 'y + 15. (A) made Q (B) makes ? (C) making 6 (0) has made q b | understand this caused a terrible inconvenience for your business. |_____ the, 16. (A) sont q @wilsnd (©) sending 4 (0) has sent product you ordered as soon as possible as well as a free gift. Once again, | am sorry about the inconvenience, and | hope to continue to do business with you for many years. ee DON DAR De OA DOR MRD process order cause tore Inconverience fee git” conte wowwnhantriviet.com Section 1 Chapter 4~81Exceptions to Verb Tenses For special verbs such as demand, advise, suggest, etc., the verb in the noun clause as their object must be bare infinitive. Alternatively, you can use should + bare infinitive in the noun clause. Look at the following table: Subject 1 subject 2 | (should) | bare infinitive The doctor suggested that he quit smoking for his health. ‘They requested that the guests refrain from making any noise She insisted that Mike make a presentation this time, Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. 1. The manager suggested that we (hired / hire) more secretaries. 2. My boss demanded that we (worked / work) even on weekends, 3, The accountant recommended that | (uses / use) the new accounting program. | advised that he (quits / quit) complaining about his boss.Active and Passive Voices Active and Passive Voices™ The active Voice is used when you want to emphasize the ‘agent who performs the action, whereas the passive voice is used when the focus is on the action itself. Also, who or what performing the action is unimportant or unknown in the passive voice. The structure of the passive voice is be + past participle (p.p)) Depending on the tenses, the verb be will be conjugated dliffer- ently as is, was, will be, etc. (Active vice) He es the department. ft (Passive voice) The department is managed by him Sie eran. by + agent who does the action The phrase by + agent can be omitted in the following cases: + When the agent is unknown (e.g. by someone, by anyone, etc.) * When the agent is obvious or unimportant (e.g. The robbers finally got caught fy-the-peliee.) * When the agent is very general (0.9. His writings are now widely accepted by-the-readers,) + When the agent is a personal pronoun (2.9. by him, by me, by them, etc.)Active Voice vs. Passive Voice Active voice The active voice is shown through the normal sentence structure as Subject + verb + object. Its focus is on the agent (who or what that performs the action). The lady cleans the office every moming, They broke the rules. Passive voice ‘The structure of the passive voice is Subject + be + p.p. (+ by agent), Its focus is on the action itself, not the agent. ‘The lady cleans the office every morning. y y ¥ The ffice is cldaned _by the lady every morning. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. The report (reviews / is reviewed) by my boss. . They (are held / hold) a conference once a month. All the windows in the office (break / are broken). |. The book fair (takes / is taken) place in Germany every year. . New software (install / is installed) regularly by the team. . A letter (sends / is sent) to all the employees by the president once a year. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. Any news related to my company _____ on the bulletin board every week. @® posts © posted © is posted © are posted . Computer technicians _— the program on a regular basis. @ install ® is installed ©are installed installing www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 «Chapter 5-85Passive Voice of Present, Past, and Future Simple Tenses Passive voice of the present simple tense ‘Structure: am/is/are + p.p. ‘The memo is sent to all employees. t ‘The computers are checked by the technician. Structure: was/were + p.p. The job was advertised on the paper. The reports were reviewed by the manager. E Passive voice of the past simple tense 4 Passive voice of the future simple tense Structure: will + be + p.p. am/is/are going to + be + p.p. ‘The gales moeting will be held next week Tey are going to be hired soon. ‘A Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tenses and voices. 1. (postpone) The project —___. . (clean) The office _____ tomorrow. . (pay) A lot of attention ____ to the project. (distribute) The employee handbook ___ to all newoomers. 2 3, 4, (make) Many changes _____— in the office because of it. 5. 6 . (complete) The construction work on Seventh Avenue by next Friday. B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 41. An agreement at the meeting last week souract ® made @ are made © was made © makes no later than next month. assistant postion fil_—_nolater than ® will be filed @ be filed © was filed O filled The assistant position 86 - ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comPassive Voice of Modal Verbs and Present Perfect Tense Passive voice of modal verbs infinitive, ‘A decision should be made right away. ‘The problem will be taken care of by us. Passive voice of the present perfect tense Structure: have/has + been + p.p. ‘More than ten applications have been reviewed so far. ‘The photo has been taken by an amateur photographer. ‘Structure: modal verb + be + p.p. Note that after modal verbs, the verb be is always bare > Correct the underlined parts in the following sentences. . The proposal has to review by Wednesday. . The event may canceled due to the heavy rain, ‘The problem has taken care of without much difficulty Hundreds of encouraging letters send to us so far. __ ‘The product loved by young people for more than 10 years. The order form should is submitted to the office to process your order. B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. Many modifications ____ to the report so far. ® made @ is made © have been made 2. A new secretary ought to __ right away, @® hiring @ hire © is hired www.nhantriviet.com rmodteston ao ar @ has been made ought to ght away O be hired Section 1+ Chapter 5 ~ 87Passive Voice of Structures 4 and 5 Passive voice of Structure 4 Structure 4 has the format Subject + verb + indirect object + direct object. Depending on what you want to emphasize, you can transform Structure 4 from the active voice to the passive voice by changing the order of the elements in the sentence. ‘They offered += mea managerial postion. Verb ect bert, ieet obect, was offered a managerial position by them. Cec tact becomes the subject) — A managerial position was offered to me by them, (Cet object becomes the bet) Passive voice of Structure 5 ‘Structure 5 has the format Subject + verb + object + object complement. ‘To transform Structure 5 from the active voice to the passive voice, you change the order of the olements in the sentence: Object + verb (be + p.p.) + object complement + by subject. They called = ita failure ‘ver? Object Objet compen It was called a failure by them. We asked the applicant to speak in English. verb ‘Object ‘sect conplement ~The applicant was asked to speak in English by us. A. Rearrange the words in brackets to make complete sentences. 1. (all, @ free gift, to, was given, the customers) 2. (they, to leave, the conference room, were asked) 3. (MegaTech, the product, young children, by, is called) 4. (will, an official letter, all, to, be sent, the participants) B_ Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 4. Some of the part-timers ________ to leave the company. @ is asked @were asked © asked © ask 2. A few days ago, the package _________ to us by the mailman. @ Is delivered @© delivered © delivers © was delivered 88 - ABC TOEIC Reading Comorens www.nhantriviet.comCommon Expressions Below are some expressions commonly found in the TOEIC test. These expressions are formed by a form of the verb be and a past participle. The past participle, in fact, functions as an adjec- tive and is followed by a certain preposition. You should learn them by heart. en be cn eo ’be invaived in fa ‘The customers are not satisfied with the quality of the product. The management seems to be pleased with the outcomes. ‘A. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. 1. We are faced (with / of 2, They are dedicated (at / to / with) developing a new program. 3. This matter is not related (about / of / to) his mistake. 4, Mr. Yamamoto is involved (to / by / in) the crime. 5 6 in) some economic difficulties. ‘The agency was interested (at / in / with) hiring more consultants. The conference room is filed (of / with / in) newly hired employees. B_ Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. The new employee is not accustomed working with lots of people. @® about ®to © with Oin 2. We are committed _____ providing high-quality service to our customers. @to ® with ©in Oot www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 Chapter 5 ~89NTTIICOSTIA Coren rel ty ‘Ac Maton the vers in the lett column with their coresponding phrases inthe right column. announce @ a meeting 2. participate © from taking photos 3, renovate © tocall 4, cancel @ aplan 5. recharge @ batteries 6. refrain @ language learning 7. hesitate @ atotel 8, faciitate © ina seminar B Fit the gaps with the verbs in the box to form correct collocations. relocate evaluate address enclose 1 a performance 2 the office a check the issue examine replace reach summarize __ the product — paris _— a conclusion ___ alecture 90- ABC TORIC Readn hema 1.02030 485.0 5978 everett Sy 2 pene Secs abouts Senne Genet 8aPractice with TOEIC Actual Questions --- Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) = best completes the sentence. 1. A lot of errors — in the final report. (A) were found (8) found (© find (0) be found fal opr 2. The company is faced financial crisis. in © from (C) with (D) on teri iss 3. The annual conference — in the Chicago Convention Center. (A) holding (8) holds (©) ishela (0) to hols annual conerence 4, Anew assistant can @ month, (A) be found (8) Is found (©) finds (©) fina within ‘assistant within & month woww.nhantriviet.com 5. This marketing position 7. at least two years of experience in a related field (A) require (8) requiring (©) requires (0) is required at east relates fold . The training is going to place in the seminar room at 1 p.m. (A) took (8) is taken (©) taking (0) take tring The lawyer is dedicated —__ helping small businesses in trouble. (A) to (8) with (0) of (0) in lawyer dicated, in trouble Many changes to the construction plan because the president didn't like it. (A) have made (8) have been made (C) made (0) are made onstruction plan resisent Section 1 # Chapter 5-919. The president —__ after he had worked for the company for 30 yoars. (A) retired () retiing (©) was retired (0) retirement veto 40. The air conditioner to your office no later than tomorrow. (A) delivered (8) will deliver (C) delivering (©) will be delivered ‘ie condtioner no lator than 41. The team has been devoted upgrading the system. (A) in (©) with () to {D) at ‘perade 92 - ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension 12. The company technicians to fix the broken computers. (A) asks (B) is asking (C) was asking (D) were asked % broken 13. The R&D team is going to the new product. (A) examine () relocate (©) solve (0) refrain RED team 44, We need to discuss it in detail before we any kind of conclusion. (A) replace ®) quit (©) reach (0) fi siscusa in deta conelusion wwwwnhantriviet.comey Best Buy, Inc. 8452 Seaside Street Seattle Dear Mr. Denis Les, We thank you for your order from Best Buy. We are glad to meet your order for ten. printers, three copy machines, and two fax machines. Since this is your first order, we _______ a special 20% discount coupon for you. You can use this on your 15. (A) evaluated (8) dedicated (C) canceled (D) enclosed next purchase. We are certain you will be ______ with the quality of both our 16. (A) satisfy (8) satisfying (C)satisfied (0) satisfaction products and servioes. We hope to do more business with you soon. Sincerely, John Hopkins ‘Sales Manager a Syme a 9 pe 0 0 ee order moto salty one's needs or donands) fax machine dlecount coupon purchase qualty do business wit www.nhantriviet.com, Section 1 Chapter 5-93Common Expressions of passive form + to-infinitive ‘The expressions of passive form + to-infinitive are commonly found in the TOEIC test. You should leam the following expressions by heart. Cater be advised to Pa be expected to Se Se They were forced to leave the company. You are not allowed to use the computer. They were told to attend the seminar. ‘The event is scheduled to take place next month. _ Ee Fill each gap with an appropriate expression. 1. Participants ______ make hotel reservations themselves. 2. The event _______start in an hour. 3. The sales representatives ____________atrrive soon. 4. The president be here,La To-infinitives An infinitive is the base form of a verb. An infinitive without to is known as a bare infinitive. A to-infinitive is formed by to + bare infinitive and can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb in a sentence. * Togo on a trip is always fun, oun anny in he ste pesto ‘© Can | get you something to drink? aectve resting something) ‘* You should study hard to pass the exam. Agvet (mihi the verb study and expressing 3 pose) ~}-)-D J} popTo-infinitive as a Noun What is a to-infinitive? AA to-infinitive is formed by to + bare infinitive and can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb in a sentence, The CEO decided to go on a business trip. (T-infntve) cf. The CEO goes on a business trip every month, (Verb) To- infinitive as a noun Grammatically, when functioning as a noun, a to-infinitive can come in the position of a subject, ‘an object, a subject complement, or an object complement. When it is a subject, the verb that follows is in the singular form, orn me eee foc ‘A Read the following sentences and point out the positions of the underlined to-infinitives. 1. To succeed in finding a job is not easy. succeed fy Position: 2, The manager encouraged the employees to work hard. encourage Postion; 3, My dream is to work for the HD Corporation, Postion: 4. The manager wanted to interview three applicants. splcant Position: — — 5. They need to solve the problem now. ove Poston; 6. Jean helped me to complete the report. complete Position: —__ — B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. The SM Company needs __ more people. ® to hire @ hire © to hiring O hires 2, The purpose of the meeting is _ the issue. @® discussion ® discuss © to discuss © discussed \www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 «Chapter 6-97