ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension Park Hye Yeong & Jeong Ji Won a TA BAN TONG HOP Cong ty TNHH HANH PHO HO CHi MINH Nhan Tri ViétPreface Well begun is half done. ABC TOEIC Listening Comprehension and ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension have been written for beginners whose ultimate aim is to take the TOEIC test. Before you start using this set of books, we would like to remind you that TOEIC is not the kind of general English you have so far been familiar with, Most TOEIC-related materials have special features in terms of their question format and business-oriented contexts, You should, therefore, familiarize yourself with the structure of the TOEIC test and some basic strategies to be able to achieve your goal. ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension has carefully been designed to meet your de- mand. The book is divided into two sections. Section 1 consists of 13 chapters which focus on fundamental grammar structures and vocabulary frequently found in TOEIC. You will certainly find this section truly helpful, not only for your general English but also for your TOEIC training. Section 2 presents typical question types and text types. which are most given in the TOEIC test. Importantly, practical test-taking tips plus a wide range of practice activities in the book will provide you with a good preparation for your actual test. ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension can be used in class with the assistance of an instructor or for self-study. Hopefully, you will find this book truly practical and helpful. As the saying goes “Well begun is half done," you are actually having a good beginning with the assistance of this series. Do believe that you will achieve your expected goal soon. Last but not least, we would like to express our sincere thanks to our families and friends who have given us love and special consideration during the time we spent on writing this material. Next, our deepest appreciation goes to Darakwon Publisher, Chief Editor Lee Dong Ho, and Manager Ho Yoon Young, whose endless effort put into editing helped bringing about this book as it is now. Park Hye Yeong & Jeong Ji Won Preface -5Contents .- About the Book 8 ‘About TOEIC 10 Diagnostic Test 7 Your Study Plan 9 Geet ea ereiels Chapter 01 Sentence Structures Chapter 04 Tenses (01 Main Elements of a Sentence in English 25 01 Present Simple Tense n 02 Sentence Structure - Structure 1 26 02 Past Simple Tense R 03 Sentence Structure - Structure 2 27 03 Future Simple Tense 3 04 Sontonce Structure - Structure 3 28 04 Present Progressive Tense & Past 05 Sentence Structure ~ Structure 4 2 Progressive Tense % 06 Sentence Structure - Structure 5 30 05 Present Perfect Tense 5 + Gommon Vocabulary inthe TOEIC Test 31 06 Present Perfect Tense vs. Past Simple Tense % 07 Past Perfect Tense & Future Perfect Tensa n Chapter 02 Nouns & Pronouns + Common Vocabulary inthe TOEIC Test 8 61 Functions of Noun 39 Chapter 05 Active and Passive Voices (02 Noun Suffixes o a—eorrerv ee 03 Positions of a Noun 411 Active Voice vs. Passive Voice 85 (04 Types of Nouns 42 02 Passive Voice of Present, Past, and 05 Some and Any + Noun 43° Future Simple Tenses 86 06 Personal Pronouns 44 08 Passive Voice of Modal Verbs and 07 Possessive Adjectives & Possessive Pronouns 465 Presont Perfect Tense 87 08 Reflexive Pronouns 46 04 Passive Voice of Structures 4 and 5 88 © Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 47-08 Common Expressions 89 + Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 90 Chapter 03 Adjectives & Adverbs Chapter 06 To-infinitives 01 Functions and Positions of an Adjective 55 02 Useful Adjectives 56 01 Torinfintive as @ Noun 7 03 Functions and Positions of an Adverb 57 02 To:infntve as an Adjective /Adver 98 04 Useful Adverbs 58 03 Semantic Subject and Negative Form of (05 Compariaons of Equality of Adjectives end Adverts 59 2 Tovinfintive 9 06 Comparative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs 60-04 Common Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives 07 Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs 61 Followed by a To-infnitive ‘100 (08 Common Expressions of Comparisons 62 05 Too... o/Enough to 101 ‘+ Common Vocabulary inthe TOEIC Test 63 + Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 102 6- ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comwww.thanhhangtoeie.edu.vn Chapter 07 Gerunds 01 Functions of a Gerund 109 (02 Verbs Followed by a Gerund 10 03 Common Expressions Followed by aGerund 111 04 Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infnitive 112 * Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 113 Chapter 08 Participles 01 Present Participles & Past Partciples 121 02 Common Participil Adjectives 122 03 Participial Phrases 123 (04 Types of Participial Phrases 126, © Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 125 Chapter 09 Conjunctions 01 Coordinating Conjunctions & Correlative Conjunctions 133 02 Conjunctions in Noun Clauses (that! if/ whether) 134 03 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses (of Time and Condition) 195 04 Conjunctions in Adverb Ciauses (of Reason, Concession, Purpose, and Result) 136 + Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 137 Chapter 10 Prepositions 05 Relative Adverbs 161 © Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 162 Chapter 12 Subjunctive Mood 01 Past Subjunctive 169 02 Past Perfect Subjunctive 170 03 Future Subjunctive m 04 Mixed Subjunctive 172 05 Subjunctives with / wish 173 © Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 176 Chapter 13 Agreement 01 Subject-Verb Agreement in Number (1) (Singular Plural Nouns) 181 (02 Subject-Verb Agreement in Number (2) (indefinite Pronouns and Nouns with a Quantitir) 182 (03 Subject-Verb Agrooment in Number (3) (Conjunctions) 183 (04 Agreement in Tense (of Main Clause and Subordinate Ciause) 186 * Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 185 Reena Chapter 14 Question Types 01 Prepositions of Time 145 02 Prepositions of Place/Position 146 03 Other Prepositions 147 (04 More-than-one-word Prepositions & Prepositions Ending in «ing 148 05 Prepositions vs. Conjunctions 9 © Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test 150 Chapter 11 Relative Pronouns & Relative Adverbs 01 Relative Pronouns & Subject Relative Pronouns 187 (02 Object Relative Pronouns & Possessive Relative Pronoun 158 03 Relative Pronoun What 159 (04 Omission of Relative Pronouns 160 weww.nhantriviet.com 01 Overviow/ Gist Questions 194 02 information Questions 196 03 NOT Questions 198 (04 Inference Questions 200 05 Synonym Questions 202 Chapter 15 Text Types 01 Letters & E-mails 206 02 Notices & Memos 208 03 Advertisements 210 04 Invoices & Schedules 212 05 Double Passages 216 Answers 27 Contents ~7Section 1 - Gram Overview . Each chapter in Section 1 starts with an overview which lists all the key items in the corresponding chapter. You may refer to this so as to have a general idea of what is about to be presented and focus on which grammar points you really need to improve Grammar Points ‘A brief presentation of a particular grammar point which is frequently given in the TOEIC Reading test is shown, Dimwagersermenay Practice | jf fsweeue! Questions in group A have variously been designed to help you consolidate the grammar point you have just leamed, whereas questions in group B have the re etn same format as that in Part § of the TOEIC Reading test. Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test Lexical items which are often found in the TOEIC Reading test have selectively been arranged so that you can increase your stock of vocabulary ina systematic way and practice them in an interesting way. 8- ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www-.nhantriviet.comPractice with TOEIC Actual Questions 16 questions on grammar and vocabulary in each chapter have been worked out so that you can familiarize yourself with the questions in Parts 6 and 6 of the actual test. Grammar Step UP! ‘This provides you with more important or exceptional grammar points that have jot yet been presented in the chapter. AMehar eer) in for Part:7 Question Types Chapter 14 in Section 2 introduces a variety of question types that are frequently given in the TOEIC Reading comprehension, and a list of typical TOEIC questions of each type is shown. Typical reading pas- sages are also given for practice so that you can familiarize yourself with Part 7 of the actual test. Text Types ‘The last chapter introduces different types of texts and lists of typical uestions that are frequently found in the TOEIC test. Typlcal read- Ing passages are also given for practice so that you can familiarize yourself with Part 7 of the actual test. www.nhantriviet.com ‘About the Book -9What is TOEIC? OEIC stands for Test of English for International Communication. It is a standardized test which pro- vides an accurate measurement of the English capabilities of non-native speakers and allows employ- ers to make hiring decisions, promotions, or transfers depending on job seekers’ qualifications and English proficiency. It also enables universities to better prepare their students for the international workplace. About TOEIC A TOEIC Test Format Part 1 | Photograph Description: 10 it Part 2 | Questions & Responses 30 Listening — — 45 minutes| 496 Comprehension | part 3 | Short Conversations 30 | Part 4| Short Talks 30 | | Part 5 | Sentence Completion 40 Readi Part 6 | Text Completion 12 eacing |— — 75 minutes | 495 Comprehension Single Passages 28 Part 7 |-——— — Double Passages 20 7 Parts 200 990 Total 120 minutes 10 ABC TOEIC Reacing Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comoot 7 B Topic Areas in TOEIC TOEIC test questions are based on a variety of real-world settings and situations. Below are specific topic areas found in the TOEIC test: 1, Corporate Development: research, product development 2. Dining Out: business and informal lunches, banquet, reception 3. Entertainment: cinema, theater, music, art, exhibition, museum, media 4, Finance and Budgeting: banking, investment, tax, accounting 5. General Business: contract, negotiation, merger, marketing, sales, warranty, business planning, conference, labor relation 6. Health: medical insurance, vi ing a doctor/dentist/clinic 7. Housing/Corporate Property: construction, specification, buying and renting, electric and gas services 8. Office: board meeting, committee, letter, telephone, fax, e-mail, office equipment 9. Personnel: recruiting, hiring, retiring, salary, promotion, job application 10. Purchasing: shopping, ordering, supplying, shipping, invoice 11. Travel: train, airplane, taxi, ferry, car rental www.nhantriviet.com ‘About TOEIC~ 11,tek te * wok ok ® tok ek ew wok ke oe C TOEIC Score Range The TOEIC test is not the kind of test that one “passes” or “fails". TOEIC test scores are deter- mined by the number of questions answered correctly. There is no penalty for wrong answers, ‘The number of correct answers on each section, Listening and Reading, is converted to a number on a scale of 5 to 495. The score reports provide Listening and Reading scaled scores, and a Total scaled score. The Total scaled score is derived from adding the two section scores together. The maximum score on TOEIC is 990 points. Certificate of Achievement, which is an acknowledgement of a test taker's English proficiency, will then be given to the test taker. Not every job or task requires the same level of English proficiency. A minimum TOEIC score will be decided by each individual institution or organization. D Registration You can register for the TOEIC test online or in person at a test site in your country. Contact IIG Vietnam for registration information: Ho Chi Minh City Office Liu 8, Téa nba s6 538, Dudng Cach Mang Thang 8, Phudng 11, Quan 3, ‘Thanh ph6 Hé Chi Minh Tel: (08) 3990 5888 Fax: (08) 3990 5999 E-mail: saigon@iigvietnam.com Ha Noi Office 75, Dung Giang Van Minh, Quin Ba Dinh, Ha N@i Tel: (04) 3773 2411/3773 2602/03 Fax: (04) 3835 9418 E-mail: info@iigvietnam.com hanoi@iigvietnam.com Da Nang Office 268, Dutng Trin Phé, Quin Hai Chiu, Thanh phé Da Nang Tel: (OSL1) 3565 888 Fax: (0511) 3565 154 E-mail: danang@iigvietnam.com You may also register at: hilp://wwwiigyietnam.com/VN/Home/Registerdirectly.aspx 12- ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com * * toSh oh oF oe oko kook kok ke ke ok koe kor kk eo kw ke ek ke wok tk ok we ok ek kok kok kook ok koe ok kkk a i E Regulations Candidates are not allowed to take any personal objects into the test room, except a valid identity card (ID card/passport /driving licence). All that are necessary for test-doing are provided by the supervisors in the test room. F Preparations Before taking the TOEIC test, there are several things you have to do to prepare for the actual test and improve your English proficiency. 1. Registration Registration for the test must be done two weeks in advance. You must have an acceptable and valid ID with a signature and photograph and two passport-sized photographs, 2. Test practice You should familiarize yourself with the test format and how to mark your answers on the answer sheet. More importantly, you should do plenty of practice by reading general English as well as business-oriented materials, watching TV and videos, listening to recordings, taking an English course, and speaking with friends or colleagues as regularly as possible. Actually, improvement in proficiency may take some time and is generally achieved through a combination of practice and study. 3. The night before the test You should prepare comfortable clothes to save your time in the moming. Also, you have to go to bed early enough to get a good night's rest. 4. On the test day You should have a light breakfast before leaving home. Importantly, you should get to the test center at least ten minutes early to check your test room and get ready for the test. www.nhantriviet.com ‘About TOEIC- 13G Test Day Schedule ‘The TOEIC test may take place either in the morning or in the afternoon, depending on each specific test site. Below is a tentative procedure on the test day. All candidates enter the test room and attend the orientation session, e.g going through check-in procedures, receiving test explanations, and prepar- ing for test administration. + hour The test center supervisors will check each test taker's identification, and an answer sheet having the supervisors’ signatures Is given to each candidate. Candidates have to write their registered number and the test code on their answer sheet. If there is something wrong with the test booklet, they have to inform the supervisors of this right away. Listening Test Part 1; 10 questions (Q1 - Q10) Part 2: 30 questions (211 - Q40) 45 minutes | Part 3: 30 questions (Q41 - Q70) Part 4: 30 questions (Q71 ~ Q100) Total: 100 questions Reading Test Part 6: 40 questions (0101 ~ Q140) Part 6: 12 questions (141 - Q152) Part 7: 48 questions (153 - Q200) 75 minutes Total: 100 questions 14 ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com* weow ok kook ok ke ok ok oak ok ko oko * wok oot ek ok ok ke ok we oe oe * kkk ek ee woke wk ok tok x kok kok kok ke oe oe A Part 5 e Sentence Completion 101. {YOU want to receive addin iomion regaran ‘he serve W In Part 5, there are 40 gapped sentences. Below each sen- flr pees log onto web at tence are four words or phrases related to vocabulary (about on. wom tose. 40%), lexical derivatives and grammatical points (about 60%), Bre Your job is to decide which of these four choices gives a Gana complete, grammatical, and logical sentence when it is put | yo. sancy ourean wae anes by th into the gapped sentence, ger mage fo ha Pe net pr You should begin by reading each item and use the context of the sentence to choose the correct answer choice. Also, you should look for any grammar ‘clues that can help you eliminate distractors. You should not spend too much time on any item as you only have 20 minutes for 40 items. In other words, less than 30 seconds should be spent on each one, Finally, you may put a mark next to the items that you have found difficult so | that you can come back to them if you have some time left. B Part 6 <—_ ons © Text Completion Ee This part consists of four short reading passages. Each | j™re=—mm-eeszgsemn mem answer choices. You must decide which of these four eee choices produces a complete, grammatical, and logical | | — sentence. Basically, the testing points in Part 6 are the same as those in Part 5, except that they occur in longer | | *=S#-sinaatimestoiincsssis , i passage has three gaps, and below each gap are four = | | } ; passages. Similar to Part 8, you should begin by skimming through the passage quickly. Then, you have to look at the sentences that have gaps and try to find the best item in the four answer choices given. Note that at least one item in each passage requires you to read more than one sentence to find the correct answer. You have no more than § minutes | on this part. So, remember not to spend too much time working on any one item. www.nhantriviet.com About TOEIC ~ 15ca * x % wo ok ok kok ok dk kk ok ok ok ek dove tek ke se ete tek kok ok ok wok kk ok kok ok kok ae kom * C Part 7 Reading Comprehension Part 7 is the longest part of the TOEIC test. It consists of 7 - 10 single reading passages with a total of 28 questions and four paired reading passages with a total of 20 ques- tions. There are four possible answer choices for each ques- tion. You must choose the correct answers based on the information in the passages and then mark the corresponding letters on your answer sheet. * Single passages Most of the single passages in Part 7 are short. These passages deal with a wide variety of topic areas, such as business letters, announcements, advertisements, etc. Each passage is followed by 2 - 5 questions. * Double passages Most of the paired reading passages in Part 7 are related to each other, for example, a business letter and an e-mail, an article and a letter. Some questions refer to only one reading passage, but there are also some that require you to read both passages to be able to choose the correct answers. You must be very careful in doing Part 7. You can first look at the passage quickly to have a general idea of what it is about. Then, you should read the questions about each passage and scan the re- lated passage to look for the answers to the ques- tions you have just read, In the paired reading sec- tion, you must read both passages to find the an- Me se ob ott kok ok & we kk ek Re kek Ree kok Kew RR we peratures go ‘wer for at least one of the questions. If you are unsure of any answer, eliminate answer choices that are clearly wrong, and then guess at the remaining answers, Do not spend | too much time on any one item; you can come back to it if you still have time. 16 ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com % * *Before you start studying ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension, try to do this short test to see how much basic vocabulary and grammar points of English you have known. There are 15 questions (13 questions on grammar and 2 questions on vocabulary). You should finish this short test within § minutes, wo OD MTS A ee “ 4 Choose the best answer to each of the questions below. ( 1. His speech was ___ than mine. 9 (A) long (C) more long ; 4 (B) longest (0) longer ; 2. Dr. Patel introduced ___ before the speech. ‘ y) (A) him (C) he (8) himself (0) his 3. A decision should ___ right away. # (A) make (0) be made (8) is made (0) made 4, The management seems to be pleased ____ the outcomes. i 4 Win (at E : B)to (0) with 5. All employees enjoyed ____in the seminar. (A) participate (C) participating F £ (B) participated (0) to participate 6. Either you or he ____to fill out this form. (A) need (C) needing i (8) to need (0) needs ( / 7. Mr. Hank ______ for international, Inc. since 2006. : ( (A) works (C) worked f (8) has worked (D) had worked 8. They ___ recommended the product. (A) high (©) highest (8) higher () highly www.nhantriviet.com Diagnostic Test - 179. When ______ for the job, you should include at least three references. (A) apply (©) applied (8) applying (0) to apply 10. ____I finish the meeting, ! will call you. (A) As soon as () Until (8) While (0) Although 41. We look forward to ____ with you. (A) working (©) worked (8) work (0) be worked 12, We have to complete the project ______ the end of this year. (A) at (C) by in (©) until 13. We talked about a man _____ quit the job two months ago. (A) what (C) whom (8) which (0) who 14. The accounting team has lust finished the (A) analysis, (©) increase (8) company (0) workforce 45. The company is ______a few employees. (A) conducting (C) beginning (2) recruiting (0) making Your current level Good More than’ Average 7-1 Poor 0-6 18 - ABC TOEIC Reacing Comprehension www.nhantriviet.como 0 e288 266560008 6 eo Be oO Go oo oo oo ° oo ° ° ° o 9808006 © Your Study Plan First of all, you should set a target that you will be able to finish this preparation book for TOEIC within 20 days. In case you cannot meet your target within this period of time due to some personal reasons, you must be determined to complete it in no more than 40 days. Then, in order to closely follow your study plan, you had better copy the table below into your notebook. Lastly, remember to write down what you will actually study each day so as to speed up your learning process as planned, Finish: Finish: Finish: Finish: Finish: Finish: Finish: Finish: © Put a tick in the boxes representing what you have found most difficult while studying ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension. © Sentence Structures 1 Nouns 0 Pronouns © Adjectives 1 Adverbs 1 Tenses 0 Active and Passive Voices 0 To-infntves © Gerunds © Partcipies 5 Conjunotions © Prepositions © Relative Pronouns 0) Subjunctive Mood 1 Agreement © Others (Vocabulary & & Relative Adverbs . Reading Comprehension) '¥ Retum to the corresponding chapters and study ther ofie mare time. www.nhantriviet.com Your Study Pian - 19Grammar & Vocabulary3 > @ Chapter 01 - Chapter 13 Grammar In the TOEIC Reading test, your knowledge of grammar is also tested You should provide yourself with basic grammar knowledge, such as nouns, adjectives, adverbs, comparisons, tenses, verbal phrases, active and passive voices, to-infinitives, gerunds, participles, prepositions, con- junctions, pronouns, etc. Vocabulary Questions conceming word choice account for 40% in Part 5 of the TOEIC test. Business-related vocabulary is generally tested. Actually, you can easily get a high score on this part if you have a large amount of English vocabulary. You should try to learn all the vocabulary items presented in this preparation book. estan)CMAN Com Sentence Structures Overview ol. Main Elements of @ or. Sentence ‘Structure — ‘Strut o>. Sentence Structure — structure 2 otf, Sentence structure - Structure 3 of. Sentence structure — structure 4 sentence in English ture 1 ob. Sentence structure - Structure 5 Common vocabulary inthe TOEIC Test @ Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions. Grammar Step uP!_Verb, object, and change their meanings. ubject + verb 4 rb + Subject complement ______ He is an engineer... ——-e- Structure 3:~ Subject + verb-+-object— She read a report. J j)-) _____® Structure 4:_ Subject _+ verb +. indirect object + direct object ‘The company sent me a letter of apology. © Structure 5: Subject + verb + object + object compl My boss makes everything hard.H ry Main Elements of a Sentence in English - ‘There are five main elements of a sentence in English: subject, verb, object, complement, and modifier. * Subject is who or what does the action in a sentence. © Verb refers to the action or state of the subject. © Object is the receiver of the action in a sentence. There are indirect object and direct object. © Complement completes the meaning of a verb and adds more information to the subject or object in a sentence. There are subject complement and object complement. © Modifier is a word or a group of words that modify nouns, verbs, adjectives, or a whole sen- tence. It is not a must, but it adds more information to a sentence. ‘Among these elements, the subject and verb are the two basic ones forming a meaningful sentence. Depending on the combination of these elements, there are different sentence structures in English. Lf fike / him 7 very much, Subject Verb Object Modifier The teacher / is / so / kind, Subject Ver Modifier” Subject complement ‘The man / called / me / Jack. subject Verb Object Objoct complement A Name each of the elements in the sentences below. 1. | / work / on Friday. 2. My brother / is / the manager. ——_ manager 3. | / found / the report / very / useful, — report useful 4, The chair / is / very / comfortable, comfortable 5. The secretary / writes / reports / every day, = secrtary 6. | / cannot find / the file, B Look at the elements in each of the following sentences and choose one correct option to complete the sentence. 1. The man — the marketing manager. marketing manager subject Sbjct oplaent Bis ®he © very Oi 2. Your sales report is very . sales report interest subject Verb Moir ® them © meeting © interest © interesting www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 ® Chapter 1 ~ 25| bo | Sentence Structure — Structure 1 What is Structure 1? This is the most basic structure formed by only a subject and a vert. You are likely to see com- mon verbs such as go, work, live, come, arrive, eto. in Structure 1. © Structure 1 + modifier ‘Sometimes, in Structure 1, a modifier may be added to make the sentence longer and more informative, ‘Some employees / work / at home. (Subject + verb + modifier) ‘The train / left / three hours ago. (Subject + verb + modifier) ‘The museum / opens / every day. (Subject + verb + modifier) A Identify the elements in each of the following sentences and mark © below the subject, A below the verb, and 1 below the modifier. 1. The store closed 30 minutes ago. close | work near downtown. near * downtown Mr. Wilson returned from his business trip. return business trip The door opens automatically. ‘automaticaly Ms. Johnson works eight hours a day. oor eN ‘The bus leaves around noon. leave around noon B Look at the elements in each of the following sentences and choose one correct option to complete the sentence. 1. The new employee ____ near the office. employee sijee. Wesiier @he @ lives © him © living 2. The strategy meeting ____in_ an hour. ‘strategy mecting in an hour Sujet siner @ they @ in the room ot © starts 26- ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension ‘www.nhantriviet.comWhat is Structure 2? can be an adjective or a noun/noun phrase. 4 Si © Common verbs in Structure 2 Generally, you can see such linking verbs as be, become, look, seem, ete, in Structure 2. Structure 2 is formed by Subject + verb + subject complement. The subject complement PTT TTT TTP TTP below the subject and A below the subject complement. complete the sentence. : 1. Mr. Kim's suggestion about the problem ___ practical. suggestion ! Sujet Sect complement i @ they ® seemed Overy © usetul 2. The relocation of the office wasn’t __at first. subject vero Moder @ easy © easily © seemed © became A Identify the subject and subject complement in each of the following sentences and mark Q 4. The workshop sounds boring. ‘workshop boring 2. They were customers, customer 3. His idea seems useless. useless 4. Some items in the store looked expensive. item expensive 5. Her presentation was very useful. Presentation useful 6. Mr. Lee became the president of the company. president ‘ B Look at the elements in each of the following sentences and choose one correct option to practical relocation www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 © Chapter 1-27Sentence Structure — Structure 3 What is Structure 3? Structure 3 is formed by Subject + verb + object. The object can be a pronoun or a noun/ noun phrase. © Confusing verbs in Structure 3 Learners are usually confused about the verbs attend, mention, and discuss. Be carefull An object, not a preposition, must follow right after these verbs. Example: ‘A Put the words and phrases in brackets in the correct order to make complete sentences. (they, the issue, discussed) (the contract, our team, finished) (my suggestion, the HR manager, liked) (some packages, Mr. Green, sent) (the conference, will attend, Sam and Sara) eae ers (an invitation, received, yesterday, we) B Look at the elements in each of the following sentences and choose one correct option to complete the sentence. 4. TeleCom ______ cellular phones at low prices. colar phone sublet object Moder @its ®us © sells © selling 2. Some of the executives will discuss ____ later this week. executive Sujet verb Woater @ they © them © doing © affective 28- ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comt ry t Serr T TTP Try + T Sentence Structure ~ Structure 4 LL TLL What is Structure 4? Structure 4 is formed by Subject + verb + indirect object + direct object. © Common verbs in Structure 4 Common verbs in Structure 4 are give, send, buy, offer, show, tell, lend, etc. Dr. Steven gave them some advice, ‘The man showed us the office. Kevin will tell me the truth. ‘Transforming Structure 4 to Structure 3 ‘You can change Structure 4 into Structure 3 by reordering the indirect object and direct object, ‘then adding a preposition before the indirect object. © Verbs followed by the preposition to: give, send, offer, show, teach, tell, etc. © Verbs followed by the preposition for: get, make, buy, find, etc. TA A Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. They (gave us / us gave) some documents. Genie Electronics will (she offer / offer her) the position. ‘The company sent (us some chairs / some chairs us). The store offers (a free coupon new customers / new customers a free coupon). a My coworker teaches computer language (for me / to me). B Look at the elements in each of the following sentences and choose one correct option to complete the sentence. 1. The sales clerk sold _____ the copy machine, sales cle Subject Verb Direct object @ hers @our Ome Ohe 2. The boss _____hiis staff some helpful tips. te sajeet Indreceebjeet Dea tect ® was ® gave © provided © talked www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 © Chapter 1-29 t SETWhat is Structure 5? Phrase, a to-infinitive, or a bare infinitive, © Common verbs in Structure 5 ea mr | | Sentence Structure — Structure 5 Structure 5 is formed by Subject + verb + object + object complement. The object can be a pronoun or a noun/noun phrase. The object complement can be an adjective, a noun/noun Common verbs in Structure 5 include make, let, have, keep, find, etc, ee A. Identify the structure in each of the following sentences. The chairs in the meeting room looked new. The engineer made his colleagues an effective device. | found the discussion useful. The printer over there is not working, The company announced a new policy. esa er resting room look engineer colleague device ddscussion overwork ‘announce alley The new cleaning company keeps the office clean every day. cleaning company B Look at the elements in each of the following sentences and choose one correct option to profitable © seemed the job impossible. complete the sentence. 1. He ____ the company profitable. sae Object Objet complement @® looked © was © made 2. The employee in the Accounting Department sect. @ seemed ® worked became 30- ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension (Object. Object complament ‘Accounting Department impossible © found www.nhantriviet.comCommon Vocabular in the I A\ Match the verbs in the left column with their corresponding phrases in the right column, | 1. quit @ from a’business trip 2. solve © a job (two times) 3. participate © an appointment | 4, make @ a problem | 5. return a taxi 6.fill out /in © inan event 7. pay for @ aform 8. apply for B Fil the gaps with the verbs in the box to form correct collocations. transfer contact announce promote 1. __. some money 2. ______ the office 3. sales 4 something repair recommend do complete 5._______acar 4 ] 6—____a project = | 7. business i 8. highly I www.nhantriviet.com Section 1° Chapter 1 1.do. 6 rmcoemend 31Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions - Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (0), or (D) - best completes the sentence. 1, Mr. Smith decided to ___ for the job advertised in the newspaper. (A) apply (8) recommend (C) do (0) pay decide advertise 2, The company is going to run a new commercial to ____ sales. (A) return (B) quit (C) transfer (D) promote 3. | have to this final report by the end of the week. (A) solve (8) repair (C) participate (0) complete final report 4, The director strongly —__ Mr. Watson for the job of manager. (A) contacted (8) recommended (© quit (0) transferred director strongly 32-ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension 5. The board of directors will gather to the problem next month. (A) do (8) participate (C) solve (0) apply board of directors ‘gather 6. The manual lots of infor- mation on how to use the machine. (A) makes (8) is (C) has (0) seams: hhow to use the machine 7. Jackson's proposal about the new marketing policy looks —__. (A) interests (8) interest (©) interesting (D) to interest marketing policy 8. The new manager made work overtime without any exception. ws us ®) Oo our (0) ours ‘work overtime without any exception www.nhantriviet.com9. Many people —___ ‘in line in the lobby. (A) made (B) recommended (©) wrote (0) waited 10. All of the applicants ____ the system very inconvenient, (A) became (8) found (C) turned (D) mentioned 41. He ____ the doctor's office to make an appointment. (A) called 8) calling (©) caller (0) to call www.nhantriviet.com, 42. The Madison Hotel ______ guests free coffee and drinks in the lobby. (A) becomes @) finds (©) offers (0) keeps 13. The ____ looked effective, and the board of directors liked it. (A) propose () proposal (C) proposed (0) proposes 14, The factory manager sent a memo all of the employees. (A) of (8) for (©) in (0) to factory manager Section 1 ® Chapter 1 ~33Questions 15-16 refer to the following letter. Dear Lost and Found, | am writing this letter to ask you about my missing wallet. Last Friday, |_________ on your airline to go to Boston. | had my wallet when | 15. (A) flew (8) rode {C) boring (0) useful boarded Flight No. 053 in Vancouver. After arriving in Boston, | took a taxi. When I tried to _______for the taxi, | found my wallet was missing. | guess that | dropped 46. (A) fill (8) pay (©) enter (0) make my wallet on the plane. The wallet is brown leather, and there are several credit cards in my name in it. Could you kindly check if there Is a missing wallet on the plane? Thank you in advance. Regards, Luke Danes ‘missing wallet board drop several cradit card in advance 34— ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comPhrases and Clauses in English = Phrases and Clauses A phrase is a group of related words without a subject and a verb. A clause is a group of words that contain a subject and a verb. The file is on the desk. (Phrase) To get a job is difficult. (Phrase) | know that some engineers made a great plan. (Clauss) They will get @ bonus when the sales increase. (Clause) Noun Phrases and Noun Clauses Noun phrases and noun clauses can function as a subject or an object of a verb, or a complement in a sentence. To increase the price is not a good idea. (Noun phrase = subject) His suggestion is to increase the price. (Noun phrase = complemen!) They don't want to increase the price. (Noun phrase = object) | know that he is not ready. (Noun clause = object) ‘The truth is that they cannot afford it. (Noun clause = complement) I) S))) 3 COREE Decide whether each of the underlined parts is a phrase or a clause. 1. The meeting will start in the afternoon. 2, He knows that the company produces electronic goods. 3. We want to leave the company. 4, Many people believe that oil prices will go up. 5. To work for the company is not easy. } j=)Nouns & Pronouns overview tions of 2 ‘Noun ol. Func ov, Noun Suffixes o>, Positions of aNoun ott, Types of Nouns ob. Some and Any + Noun ob. Personal Pronouns oF: possessive Adjectives Pronouns: ob. Reflexive Pron s & possessive oUNS: ry in the TOEIC Test @ Common: vocabuler tions OEIC ‘Actual Ques ctA NOUN is aword used to name a person, place, thing, or an abstract idea. A.noun can function.as.a subject, an-object, or-a complement in a sentence. "~@ My father is a teacher. “Sibet —____Conplement_ APFONOUN is used to replace a noun or anoun phrase: There ate personal pronouns (he, she, it, etc.), possessive pronouns (his, Fists, etc’), reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, etc.) 6tc —-A personal-pronoun replaces a-specific person or thing that has——-—— been mentioned. A possessive pronoun substitutes a noun phrase that indicates __a possession relation, oo A reflexive pronoun is used to emphasize that itis the subject 1 oF to show that the object of a verb is the same person or thing_as the subject of a sentence. 444 __¢-He has a meeting this afternoon. (Personal pronoun) * His proposal is better than mine. (Possessive pronoun) * The président gave a speech himself. (Reflexive pronoun ~ to _emphasi 1 president who did it) a ae, *. Ho cut himself. Refexive pronoun ~ to show thatthe object is the Baie person as the subject) — ahEE cH PINT eH ‘@ Functions of a Noun ° What is a noun? ‘A noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or an abstract idea. E.g.: company, computer, puppy, Sam, the Republic of Korea, music, kindness, New York, hamburger Functions of a noun In a sentence, a noun has one of the following functions: THEE ‘A Choose the correct noun in brackets for each sentence. Then, name its function. 1. The (meeting / meet) will be delayed, olay 2. The event was a huge (success / succeed). huge 3. What we need now is your (cooperation / cooperate), = cooperate 4, The (manager / manage) is not fulfling his job, —___ ‘um 5. We need to arrange a (gathering / gather), arrange 6. My boss is satisfied with his (employ / employees), be satis with B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. Unfortunately, the _Subiect__ is out of order. unfortunately out of order copier ® copier ® copy © copying © to copy 2. The R&D Department at Info Tech is looking for —_Object__, look for specialize ® special ® specialize © specializing © specialists www.nhantriviet.com, Section 1 © Chapter 2~394 1 | t | i \ | IL | Noun Suffixes When a noun suffix Is added to a verb or an adjective, a noun will be formed. Below are some common noun suffixes. ete © Noun suffixes indicating occupations or people When the suffix -ant, -or/-er, or -ee is added to a verb or an adjective, a noun which means “a person who does an action” is formed. ‘A. Choose the correct noun from the adjective or verb given. 4. significant > (significance / significature) 6. distribute ~ (distributor / distributence) 2. fulfill > (fulfltion / fulfillment) 7. conduct (conductor / conductant) 3. invest ~ (investition / investment) 8. train > (trainee / trainment) 4. safe > (safety / safer) 9. apply > (applicant / applier) 5. arrive > (arrivence / arrival) 140. supervise ~ (superviser / supervisor) B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 4, ________ can get a brochure on the second floor. brochure on the second flor ® To participate © Participate © Participants © Participating in computer courses has increased for the past few years. enroll for thé past fow years ® To enroll © Enrollment © Enrolls © Enrolled 40 ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comcite Positions of a Noun In a sentence, a noun is usually found after an article, an adjective, a possessive adjective, or a preposition. ia A Look at the following sentences and place the nouns in brackets in the correct position — (A), (B), (C), or (0). 1. (applicant) The @ is not ® qualified © for © the job. 2. (supervisor) ® Your ® will inform © you © next week. 3. (campaign) An @ aggressive ® will © be effective ©. 4, (renovations) The ® shop @ is closed © for ©. 5. (accountant) An ® experienced © will © be hired ® soon. 6. (Gatisfaction) We will try @ to solve your ® problem © to your ©. B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. An early _____is required, especially in this kind of situation. early be roquied @ decide © decision © to decide © decided 2. We are looking for someone with two years of ______ in the marketing field, ‘experience field @® experiencing © to experience © experience @ experienced wwwenhantriviet.com Section 1 * Chapter 2-41There are two types of nouns: countable nouns and uncountable nouns. * Countable nouns are people or things that can be counted. They include common nouns (‘eferring to a person or thing in a general sense, e.g. article, company, discount) and collective nouns (naming a group of people or things, e.g. family, committee). Uncountable nouns are people or things that cannot be counted. They include concrete nouns (naming anything that you can perceive by your physical senses: touch, sight, taste, hearing, or smell, e.g. air, salt), abstract nouns (opposite to conorete nouns, e.g. advice, satisfaction, diligence), and proper nouns (naming a specific person, place, or thing, e.g. America, Monday, Mr. Johnson). - Countable nouns are used in the structures a/an/the + singular noun and (the +) ‘plural noun, : eee - Uncountable nouns cannot follow the article a/an and cannot be used in the plural form. Its | structure is (the +) singular noun. Ee A. Choose the correct noun in brackets for each sentence. The book provides general (information / informations) on health. 1 2. Your country should sign (agreement / an agreement) 3. My boss is always late for (meeting / meetings). 4, You cannot carry a lot of (luggages / luggage). B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 4. You need to wear protective __________ at the construction site. @ cloth clothe © clothings © clothing 2, The research shows that this _______ can cause big noise problems. @® some machineries @ machineries © machinery © a machinery 42~ ABC TOBIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comathe H -® Some and Any + Noun ‘Some and any are quantifiers used to refer to an indefinite quantity. Some and any have the following features: 1. Some and any come before a noun and function as an adjective indicating an indefinite quantity. ‘Some people complained about overtime work. If you need any help, e-mail me. 2, Some and any can be used with both countable nouns and uncountable nouns. Some candidates were not present at the campaign event, I need some advice from you. You cannot use any services without my permission. 8. Some is mostly used in affirmative sentences, while any is used in negative, interrogative, and conditional sentences, | have some questions to ask you. | don’t have any questions. If you have any problems, let me know. A. Fill each gap with some or any. 1, —_____ companies make a lot of profits in this economic situation, make profits 2, The management doesn't want to fire ________ employees next year. management fre 8. Do you have ______ concerns about your new job? concern 4. Our office needs _____ equipment before we start a new project. equipment 5. You should not touch _____ furniture in this lobby. touch furniture 6. Mr. Norris found _______ mistakes in the final report. mistake final report B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. The trainees didn’t have — questions about the new systeri trainee @ theirs @® any © some Oa 2. The engineers reported that @® they ® some © any Oa machinery has critical problems, machinery ottical www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 Chapter 2~ 43,eee) ) Personal Pronouns What is a personal pronoun? - A personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing by using words like 1, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, etc. There are subject pronouns and object pronouns. © Types of personal pronouns Rie Person acuta oi A Choose the correct personal pronoun in brackets for each sentence. 1, Please give (I / me) some advice. advice 2. (You / Me) should submit your résumé by Friday. submit résumé 3, Do you often contact (he / him) at work? contact 4, Diana is from the UK. (She / Her) is English. 5. After many years, (they / them) returned to their homeland. homeland 6. | was surprised to see (she / her) at the conference. bbe upricad to conference B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. [finished writing up the report, but _______ hasn't finished ‘it yet. ® him @®he © they Ober 2. Please inform _______ of any schedule changes. 6! @ my © mine Ome 44— ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com{ | LL Possessive Adjectives & Possessive Pronouns Possessive adjectives A possessive adjective comes before a noun and modifies that noun. Is that your book? ‘This is their house. Possessive pronouns A possessive pronoun is used to substitute a noun phrase that indicates a possession relation. This is your car and that is hers. He is a friend of mine. Note: We cannot use a/an/the, this/these, that/those, no, some, any, every, etc. in front of a possessive adjective. He is.a friend of mine. (0) He is @ my friend. () YS PP ‘A Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence. 4. Do you have (his / him) contact information? contact inormation 2. Here is my identification, and now | need to see (your / yours). idenetion 3. (Our / Us) new software program has become popular. sofware program 4, They are going to make some changes in (you / your) proposal. proposal 5. We want to see (it / its) historical monuments. historic! monument 6. He did his assignment, and she did (her / hers). ssignment B_ Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 4. These are my teachers. names are Paul and Rita. ® They ® Their © Them © Theirs 2. Her mobile phone is broken. She borrowed . @! ® my © mine Ome www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 » Chapter 2~ 45Reflexive Pronouns -| _ Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix -self (or -selves to plural forms) to the object pronouns or possessive adjectives. we ~ ourselves you ~ yourselves, they = themselves | Reflexive pronouns are used to show that the object of a verb is the same person or thing as the subject of a sentence. Dr. Patel introduced himself before the speech. (himself Dr. Patel) Reflexive pronouns are also used to emphasize that it Is the subject who does/did the action. | completed it myself. © Common expressions with reflexive pronouns EEE A Look at the underlined parts, then choose an appropriate reflexive pronoun for each sentence. 1. The manager will contact the applicants (herself / myself). 2. The president delivered the document by (himself / themselves). 3. She has to reserve a hotel (on herself / for herself). 4, Ms. Sanchez will give a tour of the factory (himself / herself). 5. Suddenly, the new copy machine started to work of (yourself / itself). 6. Martha and Kevin made up the plan (them / themselves). B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. Jennifer Lee said that she prefers traveling by _______ to traveling with lots of people. prefer Ato B @ herself © himself © itself © her 2, The executives of the board __________ decided to conduct the analysis. executive board — conduct analysis @ himselt @ herself © themselves © their 46 - ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comCommon Vocabulary inthe [OEIC Test Nouns A. Match the words in the left columin with their corresponding words in the right column. e 1, account @ speaker 3 2. customer © schedule @ 3. a reliable © rates e 4. safety @ information $ e 5. a production © analysis s ee 6. interest @ technician 2s 7. a. computer @ satisfaction 5 8. a keynote @® measures i B Fit the gaps with the nouns in the box to form correct collocations. - i | appointment organization renovations contract + 1. make a(n) . g | 2, close for $ | 3. sign a(n) | 4, establish a(n) convenience agreement transportation consultant 5. at your 6, public 7. reach a(n) 5 8. work as a(n) i wwwinhantriviet.com Section 1» Chapter 2-47Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) ~ best completes the sentence. 1, Ms. Nora decided to find a solution for the problem by ____. (A) her (8) hers (©) herself (0) she decide ID to 2. Make sure you bring open an account. (A) you (8) your (©) yours (0) yourself make eure ‘open an account 3, ________ for the job must pass a very difficult test. (A) Applying (8) Apply (C) To apply (0) Applicants 4, | need to find —___ this business. investors for (A) any (8) some (C) yours (0) yourself noed investor 48 ~ ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension 5. Your ____ in this matter will be appreciated. (A) cooperation (8) cooperating (C) cooperate (0) to cooperate ‘cooperation appreciate The recent ____ conducted by Today's Report showed some surprising results. (A) researching (8) research (©) to research (0) researched recent conduct surprising . The _ will inform you of any changes happening here. (A) managing (®) manager (©) managed (0) manage inform A of 8 it costs a lot of money to conduct a(n) ________ to find out customers’ needs. (A) office (8) ourselves (C) survey (0) equipment ost find out customer's needs www.nhantriviet.com9, We asked Ms. Lee if wants to come back later. (A) she (8) her (C) hers (0) hersett 10. The assistant decided to deal with the problem by (A) he 8) him (©) his (0) himsett ‘deal with 41. The was established in 1977 to help poor children in the world, (A) consultant (8) agreement (C) transportation (D) organization be established poor chilaren | www.nhantriviet.com 12. 13. 14. It is always better to use public during rush hour. (A) transportation (8) convenience (C) appointment (0) agreement during rush hour The company is going to hire a to help us with our management problems. (A) consultant (8) trainee (C) candidate (0) contractor You can make a call or send an e-mail to make a(n) with Dr. Stewart. (A) development (8) possibility (C) renovation (0) appointment make a call Section 1 ®Chaptor 2-49Questions 15-16 refer to the following advertisement. Do you want to get some new home appliances? Sears can help you. Enjoy our special offer! This weekend, we are offering a special ______ on home appliances such as 415. (A) discounts (8) discount (C) discounting (0) to discount refrigerators, washing machines, and dishwashers. The offer lasts only for three days. _________ should hurry up. This offer ends on 16. (A) You (8) Your (©) Yours (D) Yourself March 3. Visit Sears today and get the home appliances you want. home appliances special offer washing machine dishwasher last «end 50 - ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension ‘www.nhantriviet.com}: = 3 ». 4 FR a ob jj 3-)- Things You Should Know about Nouns 1. Nouns which are usually in the plural form Nouns referring to things that are made from two parts are always used in the plural form and followed by plural verbs, glasses pants scissors jeans Confusing nouns with an -s ending Nouns referring to a subject or knowledge area end in -s, but they are actu- ally singular nouns and followed by singular verbs, ‘economics mathematics linguistics . Nouns having the same singular and plural forms The following nouns remain the same in both singular and plural forms. a means -a.lot of means a species ~ many species aseries - three series }. The meanings of some nouns change depending on their singular or plural Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence, 1. Mathematics (is / are) useful for my job. 2. I need to buy a pair of (glass / glasses). 3. English is one of the (means / mean) of communication, 4, There (aren't / isn't) enough room here. 5. We discussed the matter three (time / times).Adjectives 8c Adverbs ae and Ps r apeaior ‘ositions of a ‘Adjective ol. ov. Useful Adit On. Functiot of. Useful ‘Adverbs ns and ofan Adverb oF. superiative Forms of Adi ob. Common Expressions ‘of Comparisons e common Vocabulary inthe TOEIC Test e Practice with T IC Actual Questions Grammar Step UP!‘An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun by-describing, identifying,-or. quantifying it. An-adjective usually comes before the noun it modifies or after a linking verb. ~—Sometimes, it comes after the object of such verbs as find;~—~ make, keep, ete. a successful project (Moditying the noun project) ‘© The project is successful: (Functioning-as a subject complement) — © | found it easy. (Functioning as an object complement) _ ‘An @dVEPD is a word that describes a state or an action in more detail by indicating manner, time, place, cause, or degree. ‘An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or —-a.whole sentence: Itis-formed-by-adding the suffix -y to-an adjective (e.g. careful - carefully, safe — safely, skillful = skillfully). 3} © | completely forgot about the mesting, (Modifying the verb forgot) —e-That-was-very useful.(Modifying the adjective useful): ® ‘Thank you Very much. (Modifying the edverb much) --)) dD © Unfortunately, / couldn't make it. (Modifying the whole sentence) ~ Note: Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs. There are some adjec- tives that are formed by adding -ly to their nouns. sj} love ~ lovely Sef aeroit + -@ Functions and Positions te Functions of an adjective Ina sentence, an adjective has two functions. © Modifying a noun difficult decision (The adjective difficult modifies the oun decision.) * Modifying a subject or an object: it functions as a complement The service was very good. (The adjective good modifies the subject the service.) Positions of an adjective ‘A Look at the following sentences and place the adjectives in brackets in the correct position - (A), (8), (C), or (0). (various) ® Companies ® attended © the © fair. (useful) This pamphlet ® gives © information on © online © shopping. (difficult) The ® work ®@ became © very ©. (useful) ® | @ found © it O. (convenient) Find ® a ® way © to do © the work. (expensive) ® H&P Co. © sells © products ©. eos @ po B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. Everybody knows that it isa _____ market. ® compete © compatitive © competitively © competition 2. Alll the staff members were _____ during the workshop. staf member during @® cooperate ® cooperation © cooperative © cooperatively ‘www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 » Chapter 3-55cone Useful Adjectives Confusing adjectives ss FATT A Choose the correct adjective in brackets for each sentence. My team had to face the (awesome / awful) results. The employee training was auite (successive / successful). You should be (capable / aware) of the danger of this change. He is (likely / ready) to step down. Ms, Scott is not (able / eligible) for the promotion. This schedule is (subject / capable) to change without notice. -o7 a op B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1, A________ number of people attended the conference. @ consider @ considerate © considerable © consideration 2. Mr, Tanaka is ________ of dealing with unexpected problems in the office. @ ready @ responsible © awesome © capable 56 ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comEt Functions and Positions of an Adverb — Functions of an adverb Most adverbs are formed by adjective + -ly. An adverb is used to emphasize a state or an action. * Modifying a vera They highly recommended the product. (Advero + verb) © Modifying an adjective ‘That was a very creative idea. (Adverb + adjective) © Modifying another adverbs All of the employees worked very hard. (Adverb + adverb) © Modifying a whole sentence Unfortunately, the tickets are sold out. (Adverb + sentence) Positions of an adverb > Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence. ‘The sales olerk (high / highly) recommended this item. ‘The copy machine is (currently / current) out of order. (Unfortunately / Unfortunate), he is not available now. The computer was not working (properly / proper). ‘The R&D team (successfully / successful) completed the project. ee When it rains, you should drive (careful / carefully). B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. The new policy was ___ difficult to implement. policy implement @® extreme © extremes © extremely © to extreme 2. The vice president ____ retired as of last Monday. vice president as of last Monday @ office © official © officially © offices www.nhantriviet.com Section 1° Chapter 3-57Useful Adverbs Common adverbs of frequency You will usually find adverbs of frequency following auxiliary verbs or the verb be, and preceding ordinary verbs. ‘The meeting usually lasts 90 minutes. (Preceding the ordinary verb last) Mr. Kim is rarely late for works. (Following the verb be) They will never care about it. (Following the auxiliary verb will Confusing adverbs This is a hard task for her to handle, (Adjective) We are trying hard to increase the sales figures. (Adverb) CUTE CET Tn > Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence. He worked for Info Tech for (near / nearly) ten years. My boss (hard / hardly) calls in sick. Employees in the Public Relations Department work (hard / hardly). ‘Some mejor stockholders arrived (late / lately). He went to a bank (near / nearly) the conference hall. ge eps B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. Car prices have decreased ______ due to low demand. ‘due to low demand @® last @ lateness © lately O kate 2. My coworker _____ comes in late. He is always on time. come inate “on tne @ never © always © usually © sometimes 58 - ABC-TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comComparisons of Equality of Adjectives and tae ‘The structure as + adjective/adverb + as is used to say that two people or things are equal in some quality or some way. : ‘This train is as slow as that one. (as + adjective + as) Fil out this form as quickly as possible. (as + adverb + as) © as'+ adjective + as vs. as + adverb + as Riaeeens The new machine is as expensive as the old one. (Functioning as the subject complement of the new machine) Please respond to this e-mail as promptly as you can, (Modifying the verb respond) > eo ke ws Tocco Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence. The new printer is as (effective / effectively) as the old one. His suggestion was as (creatively / creative) as mine. They are as (qualified / qualify) as Mr. Armstrong for this work. The plan is going as (smooth / smoothly) as we thought. Mr. Thomson entered the meeting room as (quiet / quietly) as he could. Please deal with these customer complaints as (fastly / fast) as you can. Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. You should hand in the sales report to the boss as ____ as possible. handin sales report ® quick ® quickly © quicker © auickest This year’s salary increase is as ________as that of last year. this year salary increaso @® largely ® larger © largest © large www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 © Chapter 3-59Comparative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs Usage and formation of the comparative forms ‘The comparative form is used to compare only two people or things. ‘The comparative form of one-syllable adjectives /adverbs is adjective/adverb + -er. ‘The comparative form of more-than-one-syllable adjectives /adverbs is more + adjective /adverb. The preposition/conjunction than is added to compare one person or thing with the other. is speech was longer than mine. The damage was more serious than we had thought. You should speak more clearly. [y-Sitegutar comparative forms> Below are the regular comparative forms of some adlectives/ | | adverbs. i es : k good/well = better. bad/badly — worse Adverbs emphasizing comparative forms. ‘Adverbs like even, much, stil, far, a lot are put in front of the comparative forms of adjectives/ adverbs to emphasize them. The marketing strategy is much better than we expected. ‘A. Complete each sentence with the correct comparative form of the adjective or adverb given in brackets. 1. (high) The cost was ______ they had said. 2. (soon) The meeting finished _______ than we had thought it would, 3. (carefully) You should review the report —___ 4, (greatly) The exports increased _____ than we had expected. 5. (fast) The oll prices are going to increase now. 6. (much, serious) The traffic jam is ________ before. B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 4. The productivity of the factory became than before. produetvity ®low © much low © lower © as lower 2. The usage of the device was _______. more difficult than | had thought. usage device ®alot @ very © many ©so 60 - ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension ‘www.nhantriviet.comin ‘Forms of Adjectives Usage and formation of the superlative forms The superlative form is used to compare more than two people or things. ‘The superlative form of one-syllable adjectives/adverbs is adjective/adverb + -est. ‘The superlative form of more-than-one-syllable adjectives /adverbs is most + adjective/adverb, The article the is a must in superlative forms, This store has the widest selection of CDs in the town. Dream Co. is the most important client. ‘The company produces the best cellular phone in the world, | + Below are the irregular superlative forms of some-adjectives/ adverbs. good/well- best bad/badly- worst much/many—_most __ittle ~ least Common expressions of superlative forms A Complete each sentence with the correct superlative form of the adjective or adverb given in brackets. 1. (small) The company developed ________ laptop computer in the world, (impressive) That was presentation (much) At least she worked _______ at the company. (bad) We had ____ sales record this year. (efficiently) | think he works eek eeN (good) They offer — quality seafood in the country. B_ Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. Ms. Pitt is the _______ employee in the Sales Department, @ reliable ® most reliable © more reliable © reliablest 2. You should submit it by Friday at the —___. @ late @ latest © later © most www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 © Chapter 3-61His suggestion was not so effective as that of the manager. || The more we know about the problem, the more difficult it becomes. That is one of the most expensive products. | This is the biggest automobile factory | have ever seen. HEE EE bebe Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. Tay ee CPT tt A The Hilton Hotel is one of the (largest / large) hotels in the world, ‘The more employees eam, (the harder / the hardest) they work Coit Tower is one of the (tallest / tall) buildings in the city. The new computer was not so expensive (as / than) the old one. Steven is (the most / the more) hard-working employee | have ever met. The more difficult the work gets, the (much / more) interesting it seems. eS PP ens B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. One of the ____ international conferences will be held in this country. Internationa conference’ be held ® bigger @as big © most biggest © biggest 2. The cost of living was not so__as we had expected. ‘cost of ving @® high @ higher © highest © as high 62~ ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comAdjectives 1. various. 2. a prominent 3. proper |- a. permanent - a significant = entire an essential . an innovative | legal competitive As aly) ee speech 2, a(n) suggestion 3. conditions | 4.-a(n) _ market complimentary a(n) Das a(n) wwwinhantriviet.com formal clothes report attention meal Common Vocabulary in the TOEIC Test @ staff © difference © plan @ businessman © factor © attempts @ actions ® job B Fit the gaps with the adjectives in the box to form correct collocations. productive official A. match the words in the left column with their corresponding words in the right column. hemstetih 1.02.0 20 40506078 ae & Section 1 © Chapter 3-63Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence. 4. The _ report shows that Chilean wine's market share increased this year. (A) various (8) legal (©) official (0) productive Chilean wine share 2. Your company should take action to solve the problem. (A) proper (8) permanent (C) competitive (0) complimentary should take action 3. The president said that it was the meeting he has ever had. (A) more productive (8) productive (©) most productive (0) productivity productive 4, The team made a présentation in a very way. (A) impress (8) impressive (C) impressiveness (0) impressively ‘make a presentation 64- ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension 5. We need to finish the report by next Friday at the (A) later 8) late (©) latest (0) lately by next Friday 6. Sales directors should go to Room 100 for another meeting. (A) direct ®) directly (©) direction (©) directive sales director 7. We found the manual absolutely _— in dealing with customer complaints. (A) importantly (8) importance {C) important (0) importing ‘absolutely deal with customer complaint 8. The more motivated the workers are, the ___ the productivity becomes. (A) high (8) higher (©) highly (0) more highly motivated productivity www.nhantriviet.comSection 1° Chapter 3-65 9. Please read the instructions as 12. They renovated the stores as possible, in order to attract more customers, (A) careful (A) late | (B) care (B) recently | (©) carefully (©) likely | (0) more carefully (0) hard renovate tract 10. The budget cut made our project 13. We will discuss who is for more difficult. the position, (A) many (A) afraid (B) very (8) aware (C) so (C) eligible (0) even (0) subject ‘budget cut discuss 11. Make sure you have all the 14. The solar panels were not so data with you. a8 we had anticipated. (A) need (A) efficient (8) necessary (8) efficiently (©) necessarily (©) more efficient (0) needs (0) most efficient make sure ata www.nhantriviet.com www.thanhhangtoeic.vn |Questions 15-16 refer to the following notice. eer thre sre USSU BF EERE ELE ESTES TS We would like to inform you that the employee cafeteria on the second floor will be closed for renovations. These renovations will enable us to provide all of our em- ployees with ______ service and food than now. 15. (A) good (8) best (©) better (0) well The renovations will take _______ three days. The snack bar on the third floor 46. (A) approximate (8) approximations (©) approximately (©) more approximately will be open for drinks and snacks. i Thank you for your cooperation. (SpA Aigo AAS APTN OM TEE LAE SANE LITE LIES LIE STELIOS IONS would tke to inform =—_employee cafeteria renovation enable provide cooperation 66 - ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comA a Kinds of Adverbs = Connecting adverbs Connecting adverbs are used to join two sentences or clauses together to. make them more natural in meaning. They are put at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence and between two clauses. Caneetigea | gave a presentation. However, the audience didn't like it. We met the sales target. Therefore, we got the incentive. Adverbs of time Besides direct adverbs of time such as yesterday, last night, now, etc., there are some other common adverbs of time as follows. ‘The mesting has already started, | haven't received the letter yet. Have you read the letter yet? We are still expecting a pay raise. Negative adverbs These adverbs themselves express the meaning of negation. Therefore, such negative words as not and never cannot be put in front of them. SEaiSeced Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence. “1. The chairman hasn't signed the contract (already / yet). 2. Their office supplies are good. (However / Furthermore), they are cheap. 3. They (seldom / not) have problems with the product. 4, We were short of money. (Nevertheless / Moreover), we decided to develop a new product, Anwar: p22gaan ie: Tenses ‘overview ple Tense Present ‘Sim| le Tense le Tense ol. ov. Past Simpl o%, Future ‘simp! ott. Present Pro: sive Tense ob. Present Perfect Tense ‘ense ob. Present Perfect T* & Future Perfet 07%, Past se the TOEIC Test ¢ common Vocabulaty ‘9 Practice with TOEIC actual Questions Gr gressive Tense & past Progres- vs. Past simple Tense perfect Ten! ct TenseJ) In English, there are Simple tenses, progressive tenses; and perfect tenses. The time of an action or a state will decide the form of the verb in a sentence. In English, the verb forms show different tenses. ) ema) es GaP G== foe Past simple nice Simple tug ie Gc tenses | work E Lworked {will work: She works E She worked ‘She will work jj Goo Ss Gite Progressive : Wugtieictan) : (mie iene tenses | am working was working | will be working She is working: She was working She will be working - oes Rome Perfect {ue it tenses Ihave worked I had worked | will have worked : She has worked : She had worked | She will have worked 3 ) ===) vaww.nhantriviet,com‘The present simple tense is used to describe a habitual action, a general truth, or an existing state at present. : The present simple tense is formed by using the bare infinitive, but if the subject is the third singular person, -s/-(i)es must be added to the verb. The verb be is conjugated as am/is/are depending on the subject. They / start / their work / at 9 in the morning. (A habitual action) Mr. Parker / is / busy / now. (A state at present) The present simple tense expressing a future event 1. When referring to schedules (of films, events, matches, means of transportation, eto.), we mostly use the present simple tense. According to this schedule, the presentation starts at 7. The workshop ends in an hour. 2. In adverb clauses of time (starting with when, before, etc.) and first conditional clauses (starting with if), we also use the present simple tense. Before you submit it, you should check it once again. (will submit: x) If they complete the project tomorrow, they will have a party. (will complete: x) A Complete the following sentences with the present simple tense of the verbs given in brackets. (get) He always ______ to work at 8 o'clock. (work) They _____ as consultants. (go) The manager __ on a business trip every month (review) When she ______ the report, she will bring it to you. (start) My company's Christmas party _____ at 9 tonight. eos en (be) An analysis report on the stock market _____ on your desk. B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. The sales meeting usually —__ at 6. las meeting ® begins © begin © beginning © will begin 2. If he _________ the team, we will start the project right away. join right away @® join ® joins © joined © will join www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 # Chapter 4~71il Loi | i Past Simple Tense ‘The past simple tense is used to describe an action, an event, or a condition that happened in the past, sometime before the moment of speaking. For regular verbs; it is formed by adding -(e)d to the bare infinitive, | / received / your order sheet. (An action happened before the time of speaking) ‘The price / went up. (Go is an iegular verb.) Common irregular verbs © Common expressions used in the past simple tense Below are adverbs and adverb phrases whi are commonly used in the past simple tense. > Complete the following sentences with the past simple tense of the verbs given in brackets. (work) |____ all night long yesterday. (give) The president ______a speech yesterday. (close) They ____ the deal. (like) The executive board ____ my suggestion. (write) |____ letter of complaint last month. (start) The firm ______ looking for workers three months ago. Sos pps B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. My boss ______ on a business trip last Friday. go on @ business tip @®g0 © went © goes © going 2. Last week, he successfully _________ the project. successtuly @ finishes @ finish © finished © will finish 72 ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comThe future simple tense is used to express an action that will happen after the moment of speaking. ‘The structure of the future simple tense is will + bare infinitive. Note that the structure be going to + bare infinitive is used to express a prediction or a future plan. ‘They / will begin / the project. He / is going to sign / the contract. © Common expressions used in the future simple tense ‘A. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. 1. The show (began / will begin) tomorrow. 2. The president (is going to retire / will retired) next year. 3. He (is going to join / are going to joining) the marketing team next month, 4. He (is going to visited / will visit) the L.A. branch in a few hours. 5. At this rate, Luke is going to (completed / complete) the project sometime next week. 6. The engineer (will drop / are going to dropping) by your office next Friday. B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. Helen is going to ____ A&T Communications next week. @ leave ® to leave © lett © will leave 2. Hopefully, the package ___ in a few days, hopefuty package @ arrive @ arrived © will arrive © arriving www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 ¢ Chapter 4 ~ 73,ry | i] Present Progressive Tense & Past . Progressive Tense The present progressive tense ‘The present progressive tense is used to describe an action, an event, or a condition that is happening at present or at the moment of speaking, or to emphasize the continuing state of an action, an event, or a condition. It is occasionally used to indicate a future plan or event. Its structure is am/is/are + bare infinitive + -ing. ‘The company / is recruiting / a few employees. We / are conducting / research, 1/ am meeting / my olient / this evening. The past progressive tense ‘The past progressive tense is used to talk about an action or a situation that lasted for some time in the past and whose duration is unknown or unimportant. Its structure is was/were + bare infinitive + -ing. Mr. Kerr / was preparing / his speech. ‘They / were having / a sales meeting. A Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. 4. | (am preparing / was preparing) a presentation at 9 last night. 2. The experts (discussing / are discussing) the matter in. detall 3, The technicians (was fixing / were fixing) the computers. 4, The committee (is reviewing / be reviewing) his application form now. 5. Some of the staff members (was participating / were participating) in the seminar. 6. They (have / were having) a reception with their clients an hour ago. B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1, Sam _____ for a job, but there were not many. look for @ is looking @® are looking © was looking © were looking 2. The executives an argument at the moment. atthe momant @ had © are having © were having © having 74~ ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com| Hh im | Present Perfect Ten: The present perfect tense is used to describe an action or a state that began in the past and continues to the present or has just been completed at the moment of speaking. It is often used to suggest that a past action or state still has an effect upon the present, Its structure is have/has + past participle. This tense is usually accompanied by adverbs or adverb phrases of time such as just, since, over the past year, for the past/last year, so far, etc. Si > ge ewe Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence. She (has just completed / have just completed) the work. il prices (increase / have increased) a lot for the past two years. They (has already finalized / have already finalized) the application. We (visit / have visited) the city three times to attend conferences. Pam International (increases / has increased) its workforce by 10 percent over the last two years. . Since last summer, Daniel (has taken / took) three business trips to Europe. Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. . Since last winter, they _______ financial difficulty. financial difcuty @ has experienced @® experienced © have experienced ~— © experiencing . Mr, Jackson _____ for the firm for ten years. @ has worked ® have worked = © works © working www.nhantriviet.com_ Section 1 ¢Chapter 4-75