RAPHY M.
GARGAR BSET-4A
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (TE434)
PROGRESS CHECK: WEEK 2
Two (2) points for each correct answer to questions:
1. Viruses are smaller than bacteria, True or False?
ANSWER: TRUE
2. It is a system or formation of layers, classes, or categories of soils.
ANSWER: SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
3. A toxic species that comprise the ‘red tides’ sometimes seen in large areas of the sea.
ANSWER: DINOFLAGELLATES
4. They are the non-photosynthetic, chemo-organotrophic, aerobic, multicellular organism in
water.
ANSWER: FUNGI
5. They are the Worms and Helminths in the microbial world.
ANSWER: ANIMALS
6. Acronym for TDS.
ANSWER: TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS
7. It is often described as the buffering capacity of water.
ANSWER: ALKALINITY
8. One of the worst toxins produced by a fungus.
ANSWER: MYCOTOXINS
9. True or false, the ‘air’ is about 78 % by volume of nitrogen (N2), 21 % oxygen (O2)
ANSWER: TRUE
10-14. Enumerate the five (5) elemental properties of soil in relation to infiltration.
ANSWER:
● BULK DENSITY
● PARTICLE DENSITY
● POROSITY
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● VOLUMETRIC WATER CONTENT
● DEGREE OF SATURATION
15. They drift freely in the water, and generally regarded as undesirable in the river environment.
ANSWER: PLANT GROWTH
16. What is the value of a neutral pH?
ANSWER: 7.0
17-21. Name at least five (5) primary pollutants in earth’s atmosphere.
ANSWER:
● CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
● SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO₂)
● METALS
● PATICULATES
● NITROGEN OXIDE (N0ₓ)
22-27. Name the six (6) varied occurrences and uses of water.
ANSWER:
● DRINKING AND COOKING
● CLEANING AND SANITATION
● AGRICULTURE
● INDUSTRY
● ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPORT
● CONSTRUCTION
28-32. Enumerate the five (5) atmospheric layers.
ANSWER:
● TROPOSPHERE
● STRATOSPHERE
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● MESOSPHERE
● THERMOSPHERE
● EXOSPHERE
33. A pot used to estimate evaporation of water and determined rainfall.
ANSWER: EVAPORATION POT
34-35. Factors that convert rainfall to surface runoff or infiltration.
ANSWER:
● Soil type
● Topography
● Vegetation and groundcover
● Rainfall intensity
● Human activities
Forty (40) points: Draw and discuss the Hydrologic cycle
The hydrological cycle is central to hydrology. It is a continuous process with no starts or
finishes. Water evaporates from the earth’s ocean and water bodies, and to lesser the extent from
the land surfaces.
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1. Evaporation – The process begins with the heat from the sun causing water to evaporate
from oceans, lakes, rivers, and etc. Evaporation converts liquid water in water vapor,
which rises into atmosphere.
2. Transpiration – Along with the evaporation from the water bodies, plants also release
water vapor through small opening in their leaves.
3. Condensation – As the water vapor arise into the cooler atmosphere, it undergoes
condensation. Water molecule combine to form tiny droplets or ice crystal, creating
cloud.
4. Precipitation - Precipitation occurs when the moisture contained in the atmosphere
becomes too heavy, and the water droplets fall to the ground, in the form of rain, snow,
sleet, or hail.
5. Surface Runoff - Once precipitation reaches the Earth's surface, it tends to either remain
on the surface or run off into streams and rivers due to gravity. This process is known as
surface runoff.
6. Infiltration - During this stage, some of the precipitation that falls on the ground
infiltrates into the soil and recharges groundwater aquifers or becomes surface runoff in
surface water bodies such as streams.
7. Groundwater – Some of infiltrated water seeps deeper into soil and enters underground
reservoirs called aquifers, forming groundwater.
