A Strong Partner for Sustainable Development
Module
In
ES101B
Engineering Drawing
College of Engineering
BSME 1
Module No. 02
Instrumental Figures
1st Semester 2022-2023
Rochel A. Gabaldon
Instructor lll
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
Table of Contents
Cover __________________________________________________________ 1
Title Page _______________________________________________________ 2
Table of Contents __________________________________________________ 3
Instruction to User _________________________________________________ 4
Introduction _____________________________________________________ 5
Chapter l. _______________________________________________________ 5
Overview __________________________________________________ 5
Learning Outcomes ___________________________________________ 5
Time Allotment ______________________________________________ 5
Pre-Test ___________________________________________________ 5
Discussion _________________________________________________ 5
Activities/ Exercises __________________________________________ 8
References ______________________________________________________9
Student’s Information Sheet _________________________________________ 10
WPU Vision-Mission 2020 __________________________________________ 11
Rubrics 12
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
INSTRUCTION TO THE USER
This module would provide you an educational experience while
independently accomplishing the task at your own pace or time. It aims as
well to ensure that learning is unhampered by health and other challenges. It
covers the topic about Engineering Lettering.
Reminders in using this module:
1. Keep this material neat and intact.
2. Answer the pretest first to measure what you know and what to be
learned about the topic discussed in this module.
3. Accomplish the activities and exercises as aids and reinforcement for
better understanding of the lessons.
4. Answer the post-test to evaluate your learning.
5. Do not take pictures in any parts of this module nor post it to social
media platforms.
6. Value this module for your own learning by heartily and honestly
answering and doing the exercises and activities. Time and effort were
spent in the preparation in order that learning will still continue amidst
this Covid-19 pandemic.
7. Observe health protocols: wear mask, sanitize and maintain physical
distancing.
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WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
INTRODUCTION
Many drawing tools are used for drawing, draughting and design. Drawing tools may be used
for measurement and layout of drawing. They include pens, pencils, rulers, compasses,
protractors and other drawing utilities.
Chapter 2
Instrumental Figures
Overview
This chapter cover the discussion of basic instruments use in engineering drawing.
Learning Outcomes
After completing this module, you must be able to:
1. Use the basic drafting instruments properly
Pre-test
Answer the question below before you go further in the discussion below.
1. Make a list of instruments use in drawing that familiar to you and discuss/explain its uses.
Lesson 2- Instrumental Figure
A. Learning Outcomes
-Use basic drafting instrument properly.
B. Time Allotment
6 Hrs.
C. Discussion
Instrument use in engineering drawing.
1. Drawing sheet
2. Drawing board
3. Mini Drafter
4. T squre
5. Compass
6. Divider
7. Set squared
8. Clinograph
9. Protrator
10. French curve
11. Templates
12. Pencils
13. Eraser
Drawing Sheet
Drawing is a white on which an object is drawn which is available in various
sizes. The sheet used for engineering should be a of good quality. It should
be white in color with uniform thickness with must resist the easy torn of
paper. The surface of sheet must be smooth.
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
Various sizes of drawing sheets
Drawing Sheet Type Dimensions (Length x Width)
A0 841 x 1189
A1 594 x 841
A2 420 x 594
A3 297 x 420
A4 210 x 297
A5 148 x 210
Drawing Board
Drawing board is generally made of soft wood and it is in rectangular shape.
It is used to support drawing sheet, so, the size of board is made according
the size of the drawing sheet.
Different types of drawing board and their sizes.
Type of Drawing Board Length x Width x Thickness (mm)
D0 1500 x 1000 x 25
D1 1000 x 500 x 15
D2 700 x 500 x 15
D3 500 x 350 x 15
Mini Drafter
Mini Drafter is an instrument which can be used for multiple functions in
drawing. It contains two arms which is adjustable to required angle and at
the end of the lower arm a scale set attached.
The scale set contains two scales connected perpendicular to each which
cannot be separated. This instrument is fixed to the drawing board at one
edge with help of screw provided for the drafter.
Mini drafter is used for drawing horizontal lines, vertical lines, inclined
lines, angle, parallel lines, perpendicular lines etc.
T- Square
T square is used to draw horizontal and vertical lines on drawing sheet. It
made of wood or plastic and in T- shape. The vertical part of T is called as
blade horizontal part of T is called as head.
The edge of head is uniform level and attached to the edge of the board. The
working edge is used to draw lines anywhere on the sheet by moving the
instrument top to bottom.
Compass
Compass is used to draw an arc or circle with known dimensions on
engineering drawing. It is generally made of steel and consists two legs. One
leg contains needle at the bottom and the other leg contains a ring in which
a pencil is placed.
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
The needle tip is place at the respected point and pencil tip is adjusted to the
height 1 mm just above the tip of the needle. The gap is nothing but the paper
thickness.
Divider
The divider looks like compass, but the difference is the two legs of the
divider are provided needles. This is used to divided a line or curve into
equal parts. It is also used to check measurements.
Set Squares
Set squares are used to draw lines with angle between them. In most of the
structures, 30, 45, 60, and 90- degrees lines most common. So, set squares
make the work easier for this type of drawings.
Generally, et squares are two types. One 45 degree set square and another
one is called as 30-60 degree set square. Both are required in the drawing.
45 set square has side of 25 cm while 30-60 set square has 25 cm length on
one side.
Clinograph
Clinograph is an instrument used to draw parallel lines to the inclined lines.
It contains one adjustable wing or strip which can be adjusted to required
angle. So, it can be termed as adjustable set square.
Protractor
Protractor is used to draw and measure the angles of lines in the drawing. It
is transparent and made of plastic. It is in the shape of semi-circle, and the
edge of semi-circle part consists reading with one-degree accuracy.
The bottom line joints the 0o to the 180o. The center of this line is marked as
“o” or “C” from which the angles are measure.
French Curves
French curves are made of plastic and they are in irregular shapes.
Sometimes the drawing requires irregular curves or shapes or arcs which
cannot be drawn using compass. In that case French curves are suitable.
Generally French curves are more suitable for small curves and for long
curves splines are used.
Drawing Templates
Templates are nothing but plastic or wooden boards which contains spaces
of several shapes or letters. Non-dimensional shapes or variety front letters
are drawn by using templates which drawing easier and perfect.
Pencils
Pencil used is to draw on the paper. Any type of pencil is not suitable for
drawing. There are some limitations, the drawing appearance should be very
neat and understandable.
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
Every line of the drawing should indicate its importance. It depends upon
the hardness of pencil.
Based on the hardness quality pencils are classified into 18 grades and they
are:
Grade of Pencil Hardness of Pencil
9H Hardest
6H, 5H, 4H Extremely Hard
3H Very Hard
2H Hard
H Moderately hard
F Firm
HB Medium Hard
B Moderately soft and black
2B Soft and black
3B Very soft and black
4B, 5B, 6B Very soft and very black
7B Softest
Out of the above 18 grades of pencils, following grades are used in
engineering drawings.
Grade of Pencil Used to Draw
3H Construction Lines
2H Dimension lines, Center lines,
sectional lines, hidden lines
H Object lines, Lettering
HB Dimensioning, Boundary lines
Eraser
Eraser is used to remove the lines or spots which drawn by mistake or with
wrong measurements. The eraser used should be good quality and soft. It
should not damage the paper while erasing.
Paper Holders
When the drawing sheet is placed on the board it may not be in fixed
position. To fix the drawing sheet to the board paper holders are used.
Generally used paper holders are thumb pins, spring clips, stick tapes etc.
Care should be taken while removing the clips of tapes otherwise the sheet
may tore.
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D. Activity.
Direction: In your Template, draw the following figure below using your
drawing instrument. (Note: 1 per band paper and take a photo and submit
to my email or to eng’g office.)
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References
A. E-Books
1. Textbook of Engineering Drawing Second Edition, Second Edition. K. Venkata Reddy.
2008
2. Manual of Engineering Drawing, Second Edition. Simmons, Collin H., Maguire, Dennis E.
2004
B. Manual
1. AutoCAD Manual. MICROCADD Technologies Co., Inc. 2006
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
Congratulations for completing this module!
Student’s Information
Name:
Program:
Year and Section:
Contact No.:
E-mail address:
Facebook Account:
Messenger Account:
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
Vision 2020
WPU: the leading knowledge center for sustainable
development of West Philippines and beyond.
Mission
WPU commits to develop quality human resource and green
technologies for a dynamic economy and sustainable
development through relevant instruction,
research and extension services.
Core Values (3CT)
Culture of Excellence
Commitment
Creativity
Teamwork
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
Annex 1. Rubrics
A. Timeliness
Performance Rating
Criteria On or before
5 days after deadline 6 days onward
deadline
Timeliness in 45 35 25
submission
B. Accuracy
Performance Rating
Criteria Slightly inaccurate
Accurate Not Accurate
(±2mm tolerance)
Accuracy in
40 30 20
Measurement
C. Neatness
Performance Rating
Criteria There’s no dirt and There’s a slightly
Bond paper is dirt
creased in the bond dirt and creased in
and creased
paper the bond paper
Neatness 15 10 5
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
