Analysis and design of pier cap

A. Pier cap calculation in longitudinal direction

1200

1200
2500

2500

Strut and tie model

A.1 Design summary
Axial force on bearing in ULS = 2661.8 kN
A.2 Material and section properties
Grade of Concrete of pier cap = M40
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Charactristic strength of concrete (fck) = 40 MPa [IRC:112-2020, Table 6.5]
Charactristic strength of steel (fy) = 500 MPa [IRC:112-2020, Table 18.1]
Tensile strength of concrete (fctm) = 3 MPa [IRC:112-2020, Table 6.5]
Partial material safety factor for concrete (γm) = 1.5 (Basic combination) [IRC:112-2020, 6.4.2.8]
Design strength of concrete(fcd) = 17.9 MPa
Partial material safety factor for Steel (γs) = 1.15 (Basic combination) [IRC:112-2020, 6.2.2]
Design strength of steel(fyd) = 434.8 MPa
Modulus of elasticity of concrete (Ecm) = 35000 MPa [IRC:112-2020, Table 6.5]
Modulus of elasticity of rienforcing of steel (Es) = 200000 MPa [IRC:112-2020, 6.2.2]
Width of tie(t1) = 1000 mm
Width of strut(t2) = 1000 mm
Angle of tie and strut = 87.7 °
Width along the longitudinal direction(l) = 1000 mm
Width along the transverse direction(w) = 1000 mm
A.3 Strut and tie model
For tie:
Force in tie, Ft = 107 kN
Provide reinforcement = 25 da @ 150 mm
Ast = 3272 mm 2

Ftr = 1423 kN > 107 kN OK

For strut:
bearing plinth,u = 850 mm
Force in strut, Fc = 2660 kN
bs=wsinα+ucosα = 1033 mm
k2 = 0.85
σRd,max=k2*(1-fck/250)*fcd = 12.8 MPa
FRd,max=σRd,max*bs*t2 = 13182 kN > 2660 kN OK
For node:
Nodes: plinth (CCT- Two compressive struts and one tie)
σRd,1=Fc/(bs*l) = 2.6 MPa
σRd,2=Fz/(l*w) = 2.7 MPa
σRd,max = 12.8 MPa
A.4 Edge sliding mechanism
Edge sliding load, Fes=Pk/2 = 1331 kN
Provide reinforcement to avoid edge sliding = 25 dia @ 150 mm
Ast = 3272 mm 2

Resistance of edge sliding

FRes=fyd*Ast = 1423 kN > 1331 kN OK
B. Pier cap calculation in transversal direction
P1 P2
10750

1200

2500
4125 2500 4125

B.1 Design summary

Axial force on bearing in ULS
Bearing 1 P1 = 5323.6 kN
Bearing 2 P2 = 4602.5 kN
Axial force on bearing in SLS
Bearing 1 P1 = 3011.2 kN
Bearing 2 P2 = 2718.7 kN
B.2 Material and section properties
Grade of Concrete of pier cap = M40
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Charactristic strength of concrete (fck) = 40 MPa [IRC:112-2020, Table 6.5]
Charactristic strength of steel (fy) = 500 MPa [IRC:112-2020, Table 18.1]
Tensile strength of concrete (fctm) = 3 MPa [IRC:112-2020, Table 6.5]
Partial material safety factor for concrete (γm) = 1.5 (Basic combination) [IRC:112-2020, 6.4.2.8]
Design strength of concrete(fcd) = 17.9 MPa
Partial material safety factor for Steel (γs) = 1.15 (Basic combination) [IRC:112-2020, 6.2.2]
Design strength of steel(fyd) = 434.8 MPa
Modulus of elasticity of concrete (Ecm) = 35000 MPa [IRC:112-2020, Table 6.5]
Modulus of elasticity of rienforcing of steel (Es) = 200000 MPa [IRC:112-2020, 6.2.2]
Bend length of bearing 1 = 3150 mm
Bend length of bearing 2 = 950 mm
Pier cap width, b = 2600 mm
Length of the flange, L1 = 4250 mm
Depth of pier cap, h1 = 1200 mm
Depth of pier cap, h2 = 2500 mm
Clear cover to reinforcement = 40 mm
B.3 Reinforcement arrangement
Main reinforcement -Top
Bar
Layer
n φ(mm)
T1 23 28
T2 12 28
T3 12 28
Ast, pro = 28940.35 mm2
Bar ratio, ρ = 0.0045
Effective depth, d = 2446 mm
B.4 Bending model checking
Section = Middle of pier cap
Design moment Med = 19788.3 kN.m
b = 2600 mm
β1 = 0.80952 [IRC:SP:105-2015, 6.2B]
β2 = 0.41597
 єcu = 0.0035 [IRC:112-2020, Table 6.5]
єyd = 0.00217391 [IRC:112-2020, 6.2.2]
To find value of neutral axis
𝑥=𝑑/(2𝛽_2 )−√(( 〖𝑑 /(2𝛽_2 )) 〗 ^2−𝑀_𝐸𝑑/(𝛽_1 𝛽_2 𝑏𝑓_𝑐𝑑
= ))223.64 mm [IRC:SP:105-2015, 6.2B]

To check adequacy of section

𝑥_𝑙𝑖𝑚=𝜀_𝑐𝑢/(𝜀_𝑐𝑢+𝜀_𝑦𝑑 ) 𝑑 = 1508.83525 mm > 223.64 mm OK

z = 2352.97 mm
𝐴𝑠𝑡.𝑟𝑒𝑞=𝑀_𝐸𝑑/(𝑓_𝑦𝑑 𝑧)
= 19342.8018 mm2
Ast.pro = 28940.4 mm2 > 19342.802 mm2 OK
B.5 Shear
Design value of the applied shear force = 7304 kN
Effective depth, d = 2446 mm
Reduced design value VEd=VEd*av/2d = 4703.1 kN [IRC:112-2020, 10.3.2]
bw = 2600 mm
K=1+(200/d)0.5 = 1.29 < 2 [IRC:112-2020, Eq. 10.2]
NEd = 0 kN
σcp=NEd/Ac = 0 MPa < 0.2fcd = 3.57 MPa
vmin=0.031K fck
3/2 1/2
= 0.29 [IRC:112-2020, Eq. 10.3]
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear
v=0.6*(1-fck/310) = 0.52
VEd < 0.5*bw*d*v*fcd [IRC:112-2020, 10.3.2]
7304 < 29689.1 kN OK
VRd.cmin = (vmin+0.15ϭcp)*bw*d
= 1818.3 kN
VRd.c = [0.12*K*(80*ρ1*fck)^0.33+0.15*ϭcp]*bw*d [IRC:112-2020, Eq. 10.1]
= 2358.1 kN > 1818.3 kN OK
VRd.c = 2358.1 kN < 4703.1 kN
Hence shear reinforcement Required
For members with vertical shear reinforcement the shear resistance VRd is the smaller value of:
VRd.s=Asw/s*z*fywd*cotθ and VRd.max=αcw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotθ+tanθ)
To find the least amount of shear reinforcement, for low and intermediate shear stresses,
the lower limits of θ given in Clause 10.2.2.2 will normally govern the design.
1.0≤cotθ≤2.5 and 45°≤α≤90° [IRC:112-2020, 10.2.2]
cotθ = 2.5
minθ = 21.8 °
fywd=fyk/γm = 434.8 MPa
αcw = 1
v1=v = 0.52
s = 150.0 mm
z=0.9d = 2201.4 mm
Asw = (αcw*bw*s*v1*fcd)/((cotθ+tanθ)*fywd*cotθ)
= 1155.2 mm2
VRd.s = 18427.7 kN > 7304.0 kN OK
Provide reinforcement = 8 dia 12 mm and
2 dia 25 mm
Ast = 1886.5 mm2 > 1155.2 mm2 OK
B.6 Crack width
Section = Middle of pier cap
Design moment Med = 14484.6 kN.m
 Bar dia = 28 mm
Bar spacing = 111.8 mm
b = 2600 mm
As = 28940.35 mm2
d = 2446 mm
Es = 200 Gpa
Ecm = 33 Gpa
Ec,eff = 33 Gpa
Allowable compressive stress in concrete = 0.36fck
= 14.4 Mpa
Allowable tensile stress in steel = 0.8fyk
= 400 Mpa
The depth of concrete in compression from the equation

𝑑_𝑐=(−𝐴_𝑠 𝐸_𝑠+√( 〖 (𝐴_𝑠 𝐸_𝑠) 〗 ^2+2𝑏𝐴_𝑠 𝐸_𝑠 𝐸_(𝑐,𝑒𝑓𝑓) 𝑑))/(𝑏𝐸_(𝑐,𝑒𝑓𝑓) )

= 510.96 mm

The cracked second minment of area in steel units from the equation
𝐼=𝐴_𝑠 〖 (𝑑−𝑑_𝑐) 〗 ^2+1/3 𝐸_(𝑐,𝑒𝑓𝑓)/𝐸_𝑠 𝑏𝑑_𝑐^3
= 1.27E+11 mm4
The concrete stress at the section from the equation
𝜎_𝑐=𝑀_𝐸𝑑/𝑧_𝑐 𝐸_(𝑐,𝑒𝑓𝑓)/𝐸_𝑠
= 9.58 Mpa < 14.4 Mpa OK
The steel stress at the section from the equation
𝜎_𝑠=𝑀_𝐸𝑑/𝑧_𝑠
= 219.93 Mpa < 400 Mpa OK
φ = 28 mm
c = 40 mm
k1 = 0.8
k2 = 0.5
As = 28940.35 mm2
Ac,eff = 135000 mm2
ρρ,eff=As/Ac,eff = 0.2144
σsc = 219.93 Mpa
αe = 6.06
fct,eff = 3 Mpa

𝑆_(𝑟,𝑚𝑎𝑥)=3.4𝑐+(0.425𝑘_1 𝑘_2 𝜃)/𝜌_(𝜌,𝑒𝑓𝑓)

= 158.20 mm
𝜀_𝑠𝑚−𝜀_𝑐𝑚=(𝜎_𝑠𝑐−𝑘_1 𝑓_(𝑐𝑡,𝑒𝑓𝑓)/𝜌_(𝜌,𝑒𝑓𝑓) (1+𝛼_𝑒 𝜌_(𝜌,𝑒𝑓𝑓) ))/𝐸_𝑠

= 0.00097 > 0.6 𝜎_𝑠𝑐/𝐸_𝑆 = 0.0006598

𝑊_(𝑘=𝑆_(𝑟,𝑚𝑎𝑥) (𝜀_𝑠𝑚−𝜀_𝑐𝑚)) = 0.15 mm < 0.3 mm OK