DATE

PAGE

Watu
Tecmslag
Hasdnes wale Bullhhate
,Because Calaum Tons
solubl.

Can Caue hadneAs

kony mgyne
Hasd wae doet lathe sth au dolugsnt

2
PPt

hod wt
wben ashing møe me
 DATE
PAGE

Chatecenistis Dikng uaot

Clao , Ikonshaent
" PH shoud le 7-57 8
Mkesals should leJhete
bacteia
" Ehee
fom pellagn
fhem lae heauy metala

kumauad y lailing
Calc'm beasbonata, Magnisium bitaha
Rtron Cotbon ofe.

Hordnes cast le hemoued y

but Con he hemeved luy ahe mathaia

Matha da hemoving haadnes.

) Eatral Metheds Done leloe addinglo loless
a) ktme boda
Lon chonge
 oictca
DATE

PAGE

) L a e teatmet Maheady Don B.P.

B75.0

calsdal louditning
b)
c) Cotbonoa
a) Calgon

Haadnes

lonet aquávalani alos

Molacalost. Calo (oo ose
calulatan
mest lommen

MF
2

24
 DATE
PAGE

dutomen 2.

MF =
23 S8.SA 2 111

S8.s

) Na AlO fAodn Aluminato

Vsed as a aagulant

Na mene valon ?

23

32
8 MF

Mw 342 Cabo,

342/3
 DATE

PAGE
URds handnas

mgl, Ltch, °lake

Img
Same

fhench

(loke

No Pod
 DATE
PAGE

EDTA wahad

Jndicat ÉBT Eiochome Black T

Con H
N Ch, CHsN

too H
ED TA

/
N
Hoslentat
 DATE

PAGE

EDTA we le a dlandium soll EDTA

Becau which

femary ttandload as Ganhated 5 FDTAE secondoy

sCandad
Cay Je ollained
hesolns causing_ metal ione in 1:lAtia.
lombines ik handl
becouse Na a onizas MOhe.

Atehecliue chage codin, tesultant Camjsena

DRspolium EOTA Nas H Y

-2

N Ch, ChN
Coo

-2
M n, y ’MY
MY t 2n

A3* MY

+
M+ H, y ’ MYt 2n
 DAL

PAGL

+2H

EBT

oh
N
 DATE

PAGE

indica er because Aheus lolou

(ele]
-3
’ I, t
[ellossh

E8T Poder
ked

Com hlea
hed
B/w pH1-1 Blue
Alone |_ph Okenga

Aelenatie Colmat
Atolila EBT
 DATE
PAGE

2+2+
HO

Method etinaten i EDTA Molhod

(Tndlain)

EBT

(lolouleu) (Ble)

wine bed Blue.

EDTA
 OATE

dinouatie lantant.
bJ Mtod hld ay Gloondinad bond.

Bulfer soliton? Mued do mantain pH.

acdie

Rola pH ttpaten:
hossas titnaon

kange ph.

Pho edue
hod ata
weigh calam
 DATE
PAGE

Lue take

()
I)

ty

RneunEDT A

Tote - pnanet

Calulalil
Total hoxdhes
 Vi

hengh fEDTA
Cmgime)
Ttal hoadhes = V2 Xahength eDTA

Pemongt hudns
Biled

Mas

V, So me
40ml
V 2o

So ml
 DATE

PAGE

St
sthengh
l00 m
V 2 me

3Sme
vel balihg loe ml
JO m

3s
I96

2)

feamaneut

3Sor t00
 DATE

PAGE

Dalumined acid bae

Jndlialer.

I
Acid base

weak M. O.

Weal P
Nng
wea
X
 DAIE
PAGE

Can all 3 eil agether ? No

h, o

lombinata eat DH hCo

Tihatin
Taant

2
Hco

fndlealas ?
whal
To deect
ing
Traoton Ions hsesant

P=M
hcog

Co3
 DATE

PAGE

P2 M

Ruult
Co,
P=m
V(tam) X

X
M
X
X

X
 Bollot Feed wale

Pachbomy
Boilet
Cauiti Embttlemet

) Lales
Lscales? Dehesles hasst wolos.
Had dahosla
lontaine. Acale
yeby i) a(he Ca co Hz0 t cot
 DATE
PAGE

made Bnly In

the seole lecenen selubl

why

Calos ho a(or), t co t

bpless

asoy Haud ale

boilees

12h,o ’

alia bittle sals nd

aty hardA
bsite.
 DALE
PAGE

&cals ae
ML heat to ba vak

Due to Buehatng , mleeil becony bal

Causes

Cautes

Moxd 5 10 hce AED 1A set

 DATE

PAGE

hemone
foned
Mgsoy Cacl,

Rammoval 1) by

) foer londuclor g heat

2) Thay my

by oheation

blw

Dacay boiler mateal

chenital ot elecliochanical
elecliochaia atacko

Reasons I) Due to dasaue

2)
 DATE
PAGE

Boles moial

4fe taho o, 4e (on)

Rust
BALy Ramaval
NH,-N,

2) Vsing cheniala
Kodium

2 Na, So t D,2Na, so4

Nes t 202’ No

3) echan'al daaiation
nechanialy
 DATE

PAGE

Co

Co,1 h0 Hc03
Llobonie acid ]

Remavala 0, ) Mechanical dasaten

a) uaing Aineslone t wales

Caloz lne done

Calog t h,o tCo ’ calcoz)

3) Addilon

Ded minskal ad acid:

 DATE
PAGE

Weak bosc oddod o hemoue

naahaliy
Causte EmbAitlement

highlh alklihe watee, eh may be cl,

*_actunulata Lousti dnlatana
Na t
Ot c o ,

Lhoda used

haacta bailes onl maku

Na OH t fe sodium feila
Aveid aing doda aceg
 DATE

PAGE

) kiming fomtng
i) aiming fotmali.
Causes ) Due t high seam vebiles
2) dudden Lathg

Peyenian:
veledtio

foowing
Causes
heact

Paevenlisnd keda
wkich thad on bata

wale
2) Remouing