Assets Planning and Delivery Group

Engineering

DESIGN STANDARD DS 32-01

Pump Stations – Borehole - Mechanical

VERSION 1
REVISION 4

MAY 2022
Design Standard DS 32-01
Pump Stations – Borehole – Mechanical

FOREWORD

The intent of Design Standards is to specify requirements that assure effective design and delivery of fit for
purpose Water Corporation infrastructure assets for best whole-of-life value with least risk to Corporation service
standards and safety. Design standards are also intended to promote uniformity of approach by asset designers,
drafters and constructors to the design, construction, commissioning and delivery of water infrastructure and to the
compatibility of new infrastructure with existing like infrastructure.
Design Standards draw on the asset design, management and field operational experience gained and documented
by the Corporation and by the water industry generally over time. They are intended for application by Corporation
staff, designers, constructors and land developers to the planning, design, construction and commissioning of
Corporation infrastructure including water services provided by land developers for takeover by the Corporation.
Nothing in this Design Standard diminishes the responsibility of designers and constructors for applying the
requirements of WA OSH Regulations 1996 (Division 12, Construction Industry – consultation on hazards and
safety management) to the delivery of Corporation assets. Information on these statutory requirements may be
viewed at the following web site location:
Overview of Western Australia’s Work Health and Safety (General) Regulations 2022 (dmirs.wa.gov.au)

Enquiries relating to the technical content of a Design Standard should be directed to the Senior Principal
Engineer, Mechanical Section, Engineering. Future Design Standard changes, if any, will be issued to registered
Design Standard users as and when published.

Head of Engineering

This document is prepared without the assumption ofa duty ofcare by the Water Corporation. The document is not intended
to be nor should it be relied on as a substitute for professional engineering design expertise or any other professional advice.
Users should use and reference the current version ofthis document.
© Copyright – Water Corporation: This standard and software is copyright. With the exception of use permitted by the
Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without the written permission of the Water Corporation.

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DISCLAIMER

Water Corporation accepts no liability for any loss or damage that arises from anything in the
Standards/Specifications including any loss or damage that may arise due to the errors and omissions of any
person. Any person or entity which relies upon the Standards/Specifications from the Water Corporation website
does so that their own risk and without any right of recourse to the Water Corporation, including, but not limited
to, using the Standards/Specification for works other than for or on behalf of the Water Corporation.

The Water Corporation shall not be responsible, nor liable, to any person or entity for any loss or damage suffered
as a consequence of the unlawful use of, or reference to, the Standards/Specifications, including but not limited to
the use of any part of the Standards/Specification without first obtaining prior express written permission from the
CEO of the Water Corporation.

Any interpretation of anything in the Standards/Specifications that deviates from specific Water Corporation
Project requirements must be referred to, and resolved by, reference to and for determination by the Water
Corporation’s project manager and/or designer for that particular Project.

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REVISION STATUS
The revision status of this standard is shown section by section below:

REVISION STATUS
SECT. VER./ DATE PAGES REVISION DESCRIPTION RVWD. APRV.
REV. REVISED (Section, Clause, Sub-Clause)
1 1/0 1.05.11 All New part standard EJP SE
1 1/2 10.12.12 12, 14-16 Clauses 1.1, 1.1.1, 1.1.4, 1.6, 1.7 , GWR SE
1.8.1.1, 1.8.5 amended, 1.8.1.5
added
1 1/3 11.04.14 12,15 Clauses 1.1.1, 1.83 amended GWR SE
All 1/4 16.05.22 n/a Periodic review, no change SE SE
required except minor change
to Sec 7 pages 54-55 as detailed
below (Clause 7.3.8 - DS25-01
replaced with DS40-08)

2 1/0 1.05.11 All New part standard EJP SE

2 1/1 1.05.12 16, 21, 22- Clause 2.2.1, 2.2.7, 2.17, 2.24 EJP SE
25 2.26, amended; previous 2.4, 2.6
to 2.10, 2.23 deleted; 2.10, 2.11
added; previous 2.16, 2.18 2.20,
2.27, 2.28, 2.29.1, 2.29.4
transferred
2 1/2 10.12.12 17-25 Clauses 2.1, 2.2, 2.2.2.1 to GWR SE
2.2.2.5, 2.2.3, 2.12, 2.21, 2.28
amended, 2.10 added
Clause 2.7 (incl. subclauses)
amended and reformatted
2 1/3 11.04.14 20-23 Clauses 2.7.1, 2.7.2, 2.15 GWR SE
amended

3 1/0 1.05.11 All New part standard EJP SE

3 1/1 1.05.12 26, 28 Clause 3.1, 3.7.1, 3.7.3 amended; EJP SE
3.7.2 added
3 1/2 10.12.12 26-31 Section reformatted GWR SE
Clauses 3.1(g(i)), 3.3, 3.5.1, 3.5.2,
3.6.4, 3.7, 3.8 amended
Clause 3.6.3 added
3 1/3 11.04.14 28-31 Clauses 3.5.1, 3.6.2, 3.6.3 GWR SE
amended

4 1/0 1.05.11 All New part standard EJP SE

4 1/1 1.05.12 32 Clause 4.2.1, 4.2.2 amended; EJP SE
4.2.4, 4.2.5 added
4 1/2 10.12.12 32-36 Clause 4.2.1 reformatted GWR SE
Clauses 4.1, 4.2.6, 4.2.7, 4.3,
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4.4.1, 4.4.2, 4.4.3, 4.5 amended

4 1/3 11.04.14 33-35 Clauses 4.2.1, 4.2.7, 4.2.8, 4.3 GWR SE

5 1/0 1.05.11 All New part standard EJP SE

5 1/1 1.05.12 38, 42 Clause 5.2, 5.5.2, 5.11.3, 5.12 EJP SE
amended; 5.3, 5.4 added
5 1/2 10.12.12 37-43 Section reformatted GWR SE
Clauses 5.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.2, 5.3,
5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 5.8 amended
Clause 5.6.3 added

6 1/0 1.05.11 All New part standard EJP SE

6 1/1 1.05.12 44, 45-47 Clause 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.2.3.1, EJP SE
6.2.3.2, 6.2.3.4 amended
6 1/2 10.12.12 44-48 Clauses 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and Notes GWR SE
amended and reformatted;
6.3.3 added
6 1/3 11.04.14 45-46 Clauses 6.2.2, 6.2.3 amended GWR SE

7 1/0 1.05.11 All New part standard EJP SE

7 1/1 1.05.12 50-58 Clause 7.2.1-7.2.4, 7.2.7, 7.2.8, EJP SE
7.2.10.2, 7.2.11-7.2.16, 7.2.18,
7.3.1.1, 7.3.1.2 amended
7 1/2 10.12.12 49-57 Clause 7.3 reformatted GWR SE
Clauses 7.1, Table 7.1 and
Notes, 7.3.6, 7.3.6.3, 7.3.8.1 to
7.3.8.3, 7.3.9.2, 7.3.9.3, 7.3.9.4,
7.3.10, 7.3.11, 7.3.12, 7.4.1.1,
7.4.2, 7.4.4; 7.3.4(a)(i), 7.3.7
amended
7 1/3 11.04.14 50, 52, 54 Clauses 7.1, 7.3.7, 7.4.2 GWR SE
amended
1/4 31.08.18 54-55 Clause 7.3.8 - DS25-01 replaced SE SE
with DS40-08

8 1/2 10.12.12 All New part standard GWR SE

–from Table 7.3 including
amendments
8 1/3 11.04.14 All Table 8.1 amended GWR SE

App A 1/0 1.05.11 All New part standard EJP SE

App A 1/2 10.12.12 All Drawing schedule revised GWR SE
App A 1/3 11.04.14 All Drawing references added GWR SE

App B 1/0 1.05.11 All New part standard EJP SE

App B 1/2 10.12.12 All Appendix designation changed EJP SE

App C 1/2 10.12.12 All New part standard GWR SE

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DESIGN STANDARD DS 32-01

Pump Stations – Borehole - Mechanical
CONTENTS
Section Page

1 SCOPE AND GENERAL ...........................................................................................................13

1.1 Scope............................................................................................................................................13
1.1.1 Pumpset Types .............................................................................................................................13
1.1.2 Bore Types ...................................................................................................................................13
1.1.3 Operating Environment................................................................................................................13
1.1.4 Sealing of Bore Headworks .........................................................................................................13
1.2 Purpose .......................................................................................................................................14
1.3 Design Process ............................................................................................................................14
1.4 Standards ....................................................................................................................................14
1.5 Borefield Regulatory Reporting Requirements ......................................................................14
1.5.1 Abstraction...................................................................................................................................14
1.5.2 Water Levels ................................................................................................................................15
1.5.3 Conductivity.................................................................................................................................15
1.5.4 Ion Analysis .................................................................................................................................15
1.6 Referenced Documents ..............................................................................................................15
1.7 Notations .....................................................................................................................................16
1.8 Nomenclature .............................................................................................................................16
1.8.1 Engineering Definitions and Relationships .................................................................................16
1.8.1.1 Flood-Plane Bores ........................................................................................................16
1.8.1.2 Foot Valve ....................................................................................................................16
1.8.1.3 Pump Non Return Valve...............................................................................................16
1.8.1.4 Riverbed Bores .............................................................................................................16
1.8.1.5 Snifter Valve.................................................................................................................16
1.8.1.6 Surface Non Return Valve............................................................................................16
1.8.1.7 Top of Bore Cover (TOBC) .........................................................................................16
1.8.1.8 Top of Casing (TOC)....................................................................................................16
1.8.2 Preferred Terminology.................................................................................................................17
1.8.3 Abbreviations ...............................................................................................................................17
1.8.4 Standard Units and Relationships ................................................................................................17
1.8.5 Drawing Symbols.........................................................................................................................17

2 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA..............................................................................................18

2.1 General........................................................................................................................................18
2.2 Air Valves ...................................................................................................................................18
2.2.1 General .........................................................................................................................................18
2.2.2 Bore Head Air Release and Vacuum Break Valves.....................................................................18
2.2.2.1 Past Practice .................................................................................................................18
2.2.2.2 Vacuum Formation in the Column ...............................................................................18
2.2.2.3 Air Valve Issues ...........................................................................................................18
2.2.2.4 Requirements for Column Type Pumps .......................................................................19

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2.2.2.5 Requirements for Columnless Pumps...........................................................................19

2.2.3 Collector Main Air Valve ............................................................................................................20
2.3 Ambient Conditions ...................................................................................................................20
2.4 Backflow Prevention..................................................................................................................20
2.5 Cathodic Protection ...................................................................................................................20
2.6 Coatings ......................................................................................................................................20
2.7 Condition Monitoring ................................................................................................................20
2.7.1 Summary of Requirements...........................................................................................................21
2.7.2 Detection Device Details .............................................................................................................22
2.7.2.1 Dip Tape .......................................................................................................................22
2.7.2.2 Bubbler Level Monitor .................................................................................................22
2.7.2.3 Level Transmitter .........................................................................................................22
2.7.2.4 Magnetic Flowmeter.....................................................................................................23
2.7.2.5 Resistance Temperature Detectors ...............................................................................23
2.7.2.6 Pressure Transmitter.....................................................................................................23
2.7.2.7 Conductivity Meter.......................................................................................................23
2.7.2.8 Water Sampling Point...................................................................................................23
2.7.2.9 Integrated Monitoring System ......................................................................................23
2.7.2.10 Packer Low Pressure Switch ........................................................................................24
2.7.3 Monitoring of Non AC Powered Sites .........................................................................................24
2.8 Confined Space...........................................................................................................................24
2.9 Corrosion Mitigation .................................................................................................................24
2.10 Corrosion Resistant Materials ..................................................................................................24
2.11 Dismantling Joints .....................................................................................................................24
2.12 Earthing ......................................................................................................................................25
2.13 Fasteners .....................................................................................................................................25
2.14 Financial Impact Statement ......................................................................................................25
2.15 Flanges and Gaskets ..................................................................................................................25
2.16 Induced Voltage Protection.......................................................................................................25
2.17 Installation ..................................................................................................................................25
2.18 Materials .....................................................................................................................................25
2.19 Noise ............................................................................................................................................25
2.20 Occupational Safety and Health ...............................................................................................26
2.21 Redundancy ................................................................................................................................26
2.22 Signage and Labels ....................................................................................................................26
2.23 Statutory Authorities .................................................................................................................26
2.24 Valves ..........................................................................................................................................26
2.25 Variable Speed Drives (VSD)....................................................................................................26
2.26 Vibration .....................................................................................................................................26
2.27 Water Hammer ..........................................................................................................................26
2.28 Welding .......................................................................................................................................26

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3 PRODUCTION BORE SITES...................................................................................................27

3.1 General........................................................................................................................................27
3.2 Operating Environment ............................................................................................................27
3.2.1 Non Flood-Prone Bore Sites ........................................................................................................27
3.2.2 Flood-Prone Bore Sites ................................................................................................................27
3.2.2.1 General .........................................................................................................................27
3.2.2.2 Flood-Plane Bores ........................................................................................................28
3.2.2.3 Riverbed Bores .............................................................................................................28
3.3 Borehole Contamination Entry Points.....................................................................................29
3.4 Borehole Location ......................................................................................................................29
3.5 Concrete Apron ..........................................................................................................................29
3.5.1 General .........................................................................................................................................29
3.5.2 Design Loads ...............................................................................................................................30
3.5.3 Pumpset Foundation Block and Grouting ....................................................................................30
3.5.4 Cable Chase .................................................................................................................................30
3.6 Surface and Production Casing ................................................................................................30
3.6.1 Top of Casing (TOC) and Top of Bore Cover (TOBC) ..............................................................30
3.6.2 Production Casing Sizing.............................................................................................................31
3.6.3 Borehole Construction .................................................................................................................32
3.6.4 Casing Sealing .............................................................................................................................32
3.6.4.1 PVC-U/GRP Production Casing Sealing......................................................................32
3.6.4.2 Mild Steel Production Casing Sealing..........................................................................32
3.7 Bore Development ......................................................................................................................33
3.8 Flow Capacity for Specific Aquifers ........................................................................................33

4 SUBMERSIBLE ELECTRIC BOREHOLE PUMPS .............................................................34

4.1 General........................................................................................................................................34
4.2 Pumpsets .....................................................................................................................................34
4.2.1 Pumpset Selection ........................................................................................................................34
4.2.2 Pumpset Technical Requirements ................................................................................................34
4.2.3 Pumpset Features .........................................................................................................................34
4.2.4 Pump Testing ...............................................................................................................................34
4.2.5 Condition Monitoring ..................................................................................................................34
4.2.6 Pump Non-Return Valve..............................................................................................................35
4.2.7 Motor Shroud ...............................................................................................................................35
4.2.8 Pump Setting ................................................................................................................................35
4.3 Pumpset Down-hole Components ............................................................................................35
4.4 Pump Discharge Column ..........................................................................................................36
4.4.1 Rigid Column ...............................................................................................................................36
4.4.2 Flexible Column...........................................................................................................................36
4.4.3 Production Casing Column (Columnless) ...................................................................................37
4.4.4 Strapping Tape .............................................................................................................................37
4.4.5 Bubbler Tubing ............................................................................................................................38
4.5 Casing Cover and Headworks ..................................................................................................38

5 LINESHAFT BOREHOLE PUMPS .........................................................................................39

5.1 Scope and General .....................................................................................................................39
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5.1.1 Vertical Turbine Pumps Considerations ......................................................................................39

5.1.2 Helical Rotor Pumps Considerations ...........................................................................................40
5.2 Pumpsets .....................................................................................................................................40
5.2.1 Pumpset Selection ........................................................................................................................40
5.2.1.1 Pump Selection .............................................................................................................40
5.2.2 Pumpset Technical Requirements ................................................................................................40
5.2.3 Pumpset Features .........................................................................................................................40
5.2.4 Pump Testing ...............................................................................................................................40
5.2.5 Condition Monitoring ..................................................................................................................41
5.2.6 Foot Valve and Strainer ...............................................................................................................41
5.2.7 Pump Setting ................................................................................................................................41
5.3 Discharge Column Assembly ....................................................................................................41
5.3.1 Discharge Column .......................................................................................................................41
5.3.2 Column Bearings Housings and Bearings ...................................................................................41
5.3.3 Lineshaft ......................................................................................................................................42
5.3.4 Bubbler Tubing ............................................................................................................................42
5.4 Discharge Head ..........................................................................................................................42
5.4.1 Discharge Head Features .............................................................................................................42
5.4.2 Discharge Head Sealing ...............................................................................................................43
5.5 Right Angle Gearbox .................................................................................................................43
5.6 Engine to Gearbox Transmission .............................................................................................44
5.6.1 Universal Drive Shaft ..................................................................................................................44
5.6.2 Drive Couplings ...........................................................................................................................44
5.6.3 Clutch ...........................................................................................................................................44
5.6.4 Safety Guards ...............................................................................................................................44
5.7 Driver ..........................................................................................................................................44
5.7.1 Electric Motor ..............................................................................................................................44
5.7.2 Diesel Engine ...............................................................................................................................44
5.7.3 Baseplate ......................................................................................................................................45
5.7.4 Fuel Tank .....................................................................................................................................45
5.8 Headworks ..................................................................................................................................45

6 BORE HEAD CASING COVER...............................................................................................46

6.1 General........................................................................................................................................46
6.2 Casing Cover for Column Type Submersible Borehole Pumps ............................................46
6.2.1 Casing Cover Assembly...............................................................................................................46
6.2.2 Casing Cover Body ......................................................................................................................46
6.2.3 Casing Cover Top Plate ...............................................................................................................47
6.2.3.1 General .........................................................................................................................47
6.2.3.2 Non Flood-Prone Bores ................................................................................................47
6.2.3.3 Immersed Flood-Plane Bores .......................................................................................47
6.2.3.4 Riverbed Bores .............................................................................................................48
6.2.4 Cable Sealing ...............................................................................................................................48
6.2.4.1 Cable Gland for Non Flood-Prone Bores .....................................................................48
6.2.4.2 Cable Gland for Artesian and Immersed Flood-Plane Bores .......................................48
6.2.4.3 Cable Connection Canister for River Bed Bores..........................................................48
6.2.5 Protective Cable Cover ................................................................................................................49
6.3 Casing Tee for Columnless Submersible Borehole Pumps ....................................................49
6.3.1 Casing Tee Assembly ..................................................................................................................49
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6.3.2 Casing Tee Body..........................................................................................................................50

6.3.3 Casing Tee Top Plate ...................................................................................................................50
6.3.4 Cable Gland .................................................................................................................................50
6.3.5 Protective Cable Cover ................................................................................................................50

7 PIPEWORK AND ANCILLARIES ..........................................................................................51

7.1 General........................................................................................................................................51
7.2 Design and Manufacture ...........................................................................................................51
7.3 Headworks Pipework ................................................................................................................51
7.3.1 Pipework, Valves and Appurtenances .........................................................................................51
7.3.2 Standard Headworks Pipework Sizes ..........................................................................................51
7.3.3 Pipe Specials ................................................................................................................................52
7.3.4 Tapping Points .............................................................................................................................53
7.3.5 Bore Head Flanged Bend .............................................................................................................53
7.3.6 Bore Head Tapped Pipe Special ..................................................................................................54
7.3.6.1 Vacuum Breaker Tapping.............................................................................................54
7.3.6.2 Bore Head Air Valve Tapping......................................................................................54
7.3.6.3 Water Sampling Point...................................................................................................54
7.3.7 Non Return Valve ........................................................................................................................55
7.3.8 Abstraction Flowmeter ................................................................................................................55
7.3.8.1 General .........................................................................................................................55
7.3.8.2 Technical Requirements ...............................................................................................55
7.3.8.3 Flowmeters for Non AC Powered Bore Sites...............................................................56
7.3.9 Central Headworks Tapped Pipe Special.....................................................................................56
7.3.9.1 Headworks Pressure Gauge Tapping............................................................................56
7.3.9.2 Pressure Transmitter Tapping ......................................................................................56
7.3.9.3 Sand Sampling Point ....................................................................................................56
7.3.9.4 Conductivity Meter Tapping ........................................................................................57
7.3.10 Control Valve...............................................................................................................................57
7.3.10.1 Pressure Sustaining Valve ............................................................................................57
7.3.10.2 Flow Control Valve ......................................................................................................57
7.3.11 Scour ............................................................................................................................................57
7.3.12 Isolating Valve .............................................................................................................................58
7.4 Collector Main Pipework ..........................................................................................................58
7.4.1 Collector Main Tapped Pipe Special ...........................................................................................58
7.4.1.1 Collector Main Air Valve Tapping ..............................................................................58
7.4.1.2 Collector Main Pressure Gauge Tapping .....................................................................58
7.4.2 Collector Main Flanged Bends ....................................................................................................58
7.4.3 Pigging Tee Pipework..................................................................................................................59
7.4.3.1 Pigging Tee ...................................................................................................................59
7.4.3.2 Isolating Gate Valve .....................................................................................................59
7.4.4 Chlorine Injection Point...............................................................................................................59
7.5 Pipework Supports and Restraints ..........................................................................................59

8 SUMMARY OF PUMPSET, PIPEWORK AND ANCILLARIES ........................................60

APPENDIX A - SCHEDULE OF DRAWINGS ..........................................................................................64

APPENDIX B (Informative) – INSTALLATION OF LEVEL MONITORING DEVICES...................67
APPENDIX C (Informative) – UNDERSTANDING BOREHOLE HYDRAULICS ..............................69

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1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 Scope
Design Standard DS 32-01 is the second part of a three part standard which provides design
requirements for various pump station types. The other parts of the Standard comprise:
• DS 30 Pump Stations – Conventional Water and Sewage - Mechanical,
• DS 30-02 Pump Stations – Packaged Pressure Booster System – Mechanical.
DS 32-01 sets out the Corporation’s mechanical standards, guidelines and preferred engineering
practices for design of new borehole pumping plant, and associated pipework and ancillaries for water
supply projects. The scope of this standard covers the following:

1.1.1 Pumpset Types

Requirements for the following borehole pump configurations will be addressed:
(a) Conventional type submersible electric borehole pumps utilizing flexible or rigid columns;
(b) Oilfield type submersible electric borehole pumps utilizing the production casing as the
column. For the purposes of this Standard this configuration will be referred to as ‘columnless’.
The suitability of this configuration for new bore projects is currently under review (refer to
Note for details)
(c) Diesel engine driven vertical turbine borehole pumps for small and medium sized pumpsets.
These pumpsets are also referred to as lineshaft borehole pumps;
NOTE: Preliminary investigation work has been conducted and found that the conventional arrangement represents
better value for money than the oilfield type arrangement for new high capacity bores (refer PM#10677201).
Further investigation work is scheduled to be conducted with aims to confirm and verify the feasibility and
suitability of the conventional arrangement for high capacity bores.

1.1.2 Bore Types

Requirements for both sub-artesian and artesian bores will be addressed in this Standard.

1.1.3 Operating Environment

Requirements with respect to the following operating environments will be addressed:
(a) Non flood-prone bore sites;
(b) Flood-prone bore sites which have been categorized as follows:
• Local flooding or flood plane type e.g. relatively shallow and slow flowing flood waters,
• Riverbed type e.g. fast flowing flood waters such as the Gascoyne River.

1.1.4 Sealing of Bore Headworks

Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) 2004 recommends the sealing of bore headworks in
order to prevent the ingress of vermin1 and surface water which has the potential to cause
contamination2 of bore water for drinking water purposes and accordingly this issue has been
addressed in the Standard in the design of the borehole pumping plant.
NOTES:
1. For the purpose of this Standard ‘vermin’ shall include medium to large insects (i.e. those incapable of passing
through a gap 2mm or smaller)
2. There are other potential sources of contamination caused by inadequate installation and removal practices that
should also be addressed as O&M issues as follows:
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- Placement of borehole equipment on contaminated surfaces e.g. the ground, prior to installation or after removal
from the bore
- Open boreholes and/or where items of equipment have been removed from the headworks pipework potentially
allowing entry of vermin etc.

1.2 Purpose
The Corporation’s mechanical design standards are documented in its DS 30 Standards series.
Designers shall comply with these standards for the design and specification of mechanical
components of assets being acquired for the Corporation (refer Note).
The purpose of the DS 30 Standards series is to provide:
(a) Standards and guidelines applicable in the design of Corporation assets,
(b) Explanatory or specific design information,
(c) Information relating to Corporation preferences and practices which have evolved from over a
century of experience in the water industry.
NOTE: Section 2 of this Standard covers general design requirements associated with borehole pumping plant most
of which refer to the DS 30 Standards series.

1.3 Design Process

The Designer shall comply with the requirements of the relevant mechanical design process contained
in DS 30.

1.4 Standards
All materials and workmanship shall comply with latest revisions of the relevant codes and standards.
Water Corporation Strategic Product Specifications (SPS), or in their absence the latest editions of
Australian Standards, or Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA) Codes, shall be referenced
for design and specification. In the absence of relevant Australian Standards or WSAA Codes,
relevant international or industry standards shall be referenced.

1.5 Borefield Regulatory Reporting Requirements

The Department of Water (DoW) requires the Corporation to report the following parameters as part
of its Operating Licence related to borefields.

1.5.1 Abstraction
(a) Water meters are required to be closed conduit type fully charged complying with AS 4747.
(b) The DoW requires abstraction volume readings to be taken using a cumulative water meter of a
type approved under the Rights in Water and Irrigation (Approved Meters) Order 2009 for each
bore under the licence.
(c) Readings are to be taken as close as practicable to the end of each month. Should there be an
unforeseen event preventing volume readings being taken then the Corporation is required to
notify the DoW. Notification should include an estimated date when readings can be taken.
(d) The abstraction readings are to be reported to the DoW annually in compliance with the
Corporation’s Operating Licence for borefields;
(e) The bore abstraction readings are to be accurate (rounded) to the nearest 1 kilolitre;
(f) Installation of water meters are required to comply with DoW “Guidelines for water meter
installations 2009” and ATS 4747 (refer Section 7 of this Standard “Abstraction Flowmeter”);

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(g) Water meters are required to be accurate to ±2½% when laboratory tested or ±5% when tested
in situ and shall be tested in accordance with ATS 4747;
(h) The DoW should be notified in writing of any water meter malfunction within 7 days of the
malfunction being noticed;
(i) Should a meter malfunction and/or is to be removed then the Corporation is required to
formally notify the DoW providing a timeline to rectify the malfunction, or to replace the meter
and explain how abstraction is proposed to be measured during period of meter removal.
NOTES:
1. This Standard complies with the DoW “Guidelines for water meter installation 2009” and the above represents a
general summary. More detailed requirements are addressed in later parts of this Standard.
2. Verification of magnetic flowmeter accuracy is achieved via testing of the electronic meter head only as this is the
only component that would normally be subject to change over time.

1.5.2 Water Levels

(a) The DoW requires the water rest level (WRL) to be monitored for each production bore (where
possible – refer Note 1). The frequency for monitoring is monthly or 3 monthly depending upon
the frequency assigned for the particular borefield. The water rest level readings are required to
be reported to the DoW annually in order to comply with the Corporation’s Operating Licence
requirements for borefields.
NOTES:
1. Where WRLs are unable to be monitored because the bore is in continuous operation then monitoring of
water pumping levels (WPL) is acceptable to the DoW
2. The Corporation takes both WRL and WPL readings a number of times each year for production bores.

(b) WRL readings for monitoring bores are ‘where required’ by DoW. The frequency for
monitoring is monthly, 3 monthly or 6 monthly depending upon the frequency assigned for the
particular bores. The readings are required to be reported to the DoW annually in order to
comply with the Corporation’s Operating Licence requirements for borefields.
(c) The water level readings are to be accurate to the nearest 0.1 m.

1.5.3 Conductivity
(a) The DoW requires conductivity (salinity) to be monitored for each bore. The frequency for
monitoring is monthly or 3 monthly depending upon the frequency assigned for the particular
borefield.
(b) The readings are to be reported to the DoW annually in order to comply with the Corporation’s
Operating Licence requirements for borefields.

1.5.4 Ion Analysis

DoW also requires a comprehensive ion analysis on production bores usually annually. Ion analysis is
also required on some monitoring bores as specified in the licence.

1.6 Referenced Documents

A full list of Australian, International and Corporation standards, codes and technical specifications
referenced in the DS 30 series of standards is contained at Appendix A in the “Referenced
Documents” section of DS 30-01.

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1.7 Notations
Statements expressed by the use of the word ‘shall’ are mandatory or ‘normative’ requirements of the
Standard. Statements expressed by the use of the words ‘should’ or ‘may; are ‘informative’ but not
mandatory and are provided only for information and guidance. Notes in Standards text are
informative however notes that form part of the Standards tables are normative.

1.8 Nomenclature
1.8.1 Engineering Definitions and Relationships
For definitions of the terminology and relationships referred to in this Standard the reader is referred
to the Engineering Definitions and Relationships section of DS 30-01 and the following.
1.8.1.1 Flood-Plane Bores
Bores that are located on flood planes and subject to shallower and less damaging flood waters than
would otherwise be experienced for riverbed bores. The switchboard (elevated) and headworks are
located at the bore head.
1.8.1.2 Foot Valve
A poppet type (valve disc sliding on a central spindle) non return valve, which is fitted on the suction
side of the pump e.g. lineshaft turbine pump.
1.8.1.3 Pump Non Return Valve
A poppet type non return valve, which is fitted on the discharge side of the pump e.g. submersible
electric borehole pump.
1.8.1.4 Riverbed Bores
Bores that have been located in a riverbed, and subject to relatively deep and turbulent flood-waters.
The switchboards and headworks are located beyond the river bank.
1.8.1.5 Snifter Valve
A small vacuum breaker valve (one way ‘air in’) fitted upstream of the surface NRV designed to
admit air in order to break vacuum that may form in the column pipe when the pump stops.
1.8.1.6 Surface Non Return Valve
A dual plate or swing check type non return valve fitted above ground as part of the headworks
pipework.
1.8.1.7 Top of Bore Cover (TOBC)
Is the top of the:
(a) Bore cover body top flange for column type submersible electric pumps;
(b) Bore tee head body flange for columnless type submersible electric pumps;
(c) Bore at the level where the discharge head baseplate is mounted for lineshaft pumps;
The top of bore cover shall be referenced to AHD. (Refer also Clause 3.6.1)
1.8.1.8 Top of Casing (TOC)
Is the top of the production casing (or its flange if the production casing has one) when first installed
by the drilling contractor. (Refer also Clause 3.6.1)

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1.8.2 Preferred Terminology

For preferred mechanical terms to be used in Corporation designs, the reader is referred to the
Preferred Terminology section of DS 30-01.

1.8.3 Abbreviations
For abbreviations referred to in this Standard the reader is referred to the Abbreviation section of DS
30-01 and the following.
AC – Alternating current
AV – Air valve
BYS – Bronze ‘Y’ strainer
DoW – Department of Water
LT – Level transmitter
MFM – Magnetic flowmeter
NRV – Non return valve
ODSS – Operational data storage system (for manual and low frequency data collection)
OSH – Occupational safety and health
PLC – Programmable logic controller
PI – Plant information data storage system (for high frequency data collection)
PRV – Pressure reducing valve
PSV – Pressure sustaining valve
RTD – Resistance temperature detector
RTU – Remote terminal unit
TOBC – Top of bore cover
VB – Vacuum break valve
WPL – Water pumping level

1.8.4 Standard Units and Relationships

The units and relationships used for mechanical designs shall be in accordance with those specified in
the SI Units, Relationships and Prefixes section of DS 30-01.

1.8.5 Drawing Symbols

A comprehensive list of mechanical drawing symbols for mechanical equipment is referenced in DS
80.

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2 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

2.1 General
This section details the design criteria that should be applied (where relevant) during the design of
borehole pumping plant and is arranged in alphabetic order for referencing convenience. It also
includes explanatory notes and information both for record purposes and assistance to the reader. In
addition to the following design criteria, the Designer shall also refer to relevant parts of DS 30, DS
30-01, DS 30-02, DS 31-01, DS 31-02, DS 35, DS 38-01 and DS 38-02.

2.2 Air Valves

2.2.1 General
For information relating to air entrapment in and its removal from pipework and pipelines refer to the
Air Valves section contained in DS 31-02.
The bore head and collector main air valves shall be engineered by the Designer to suit each particular
borehole pump.

2.2.2 Bore Head Air Release and Vacuum Break Valves

2.2.2.1 Past Practice
Air release and vacuum break valves have been traditionally fitted at or near the bore head for non
flood-prone bore sites in order to prevent vacuum formation in the discharge column (for WRL >10m)
by admitting air into the column on pump stop and then expelling air from the column on pump start.
NOTE: Pump manufacturers require the fitting of a vacuum breaker valve at the bore head to prevent vacuum
formation in the column (refer clause below). In the past a small vacuum breaker valve (snifter valve) was
fitted to the bore column. More recently proprietary combination air release and vacuum breaker air valves
have been specified to deal with both vacuum formation and also to expel resultant column air.

2.2.2.2 Vacuum Formation in the Column

Vacuum formation could occur because of the practice of drilling a hole in the pump non return valve
(NRV) to allow drainage of flexible column (e.g. Wellmaster or equivalent) in order to facilitate its
removal, or due to a leaking pump non return valve where the WRL >10m. A vacuum could cause
damaging effects on the system and pumpset by way of:
• shock loading during pump start as a result of the advancing water column impacting on the
stationary water upstream of the headworks NRV.
• An empty flexible column which becomes depressurized and subject to partial rotation due to
‘motor kick’ during pump start. Rotation has the potential to abrade the column, cable and
bubbler tube, and dislodge cable straps.
Fitting of air release and vacuum break valves will address these problems but can introduce other
issues as discussed below.
NOTE: Refer to Nomenclature in Section 1 for information on the various NRVs referred to in this Standard

2.2.2.3 Air Valve Issues

Fitting air release and vacuum break valves has the potential to introduce the following issues if a
pump non return valve or footvalve is not fitted or is subject to leakage:
• An empty discharge column above the WRL after pump shutdown will decrease the head on the
pump and can induce a momentary up-thrust of the rotating element on restart, followed by a
down thrust during pumping. Repeated cycling of this nature can damage the motor thrust

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bearing due to the repetitive shock loading it induces. Where pumps run continuously this is not
an issue;
• A decreased head on the pump can produce over-pumping on start which may exceed the flow
capability of the bore screen, and surging of the bore due to the action of over-pumping and
water backflow;
• Normal air valve cycling in a pipeline expels and admits small quantities of air due to air
accumulation in the pipeline. The bore head air release and vacuum break valves by comparison
can admit and expel relatively large quantities of air during each pumping cycle. This may
represent a potential minor contamination risk where air admission occurs on bore sites which
are located in dusty polluted environments e.g. where stock can roam. This risk is low and will
not be addressed as to do so could adversely affect the performance of critical air transfer
components.
• A two-way air valve (e.g. air in/air out) poses a potential contamination source from entry of
flood waters if inundated and small wildlife e.g. small lizards and large insects. This issue has
been addressed by specifying a one-way ‘air release only’ air valve in conjunction with a small
vacuum break valve e.g. snifter valve. Since the air release valve is one-way ‘air release only’
there is no risk of admitting contaminants into the pump column through this valve. Also the
small vacuum break valve incorporates small inlet holes which whilst admitting air would
exclude all vermin except very small insects.
NOTE: During the development of this Standard the use of a bypass around the surface NRV to address potential
pump NRV leakage was considered as a possible alternative to an air valve. However use of the bypass was
dismissed because of the potential for bore contamination (e.g. iron bacteria) arising from backflow of water
from the collector main into the bore in the event of pump NRV or footvalve failure.

2.2.2.4 Requirements for Column Type Pumps

(a) A bore head one-way ‘air release only’ air valve in conjunction with a small vacuum break
valve (e.g. snifter valve) shall be provided for column type borehole pumps except for riverbed
bores. These air valves shall be engineered for the application.
(b) For flexible columns this Standard now requires that the pump NRV shall be un-drilled, and
instead the column shall be fitted with a break-off plug system in order to facilitate column
drainage when the pumpset is to be removed.
(c) Theoretically there should be no need to provide a snifter valve to act as a vacuum breaker, or a
bore head one-way air release valve to expel column air on pump start for column type pumps
because they are fitted with a pump NRV. However the potential for a leaking pump NRV is
high and in this event the potential for vacuum formation and the attendant risks to the system
require the use of bore head air valves.
(d) The air valve shall be metal bodied in vandal or damage prone locations.
NOTES:
1. Use of a one-way ‘air release only’ air valve addresses the issue of excluding entry of vermin and contaminants
however the vacuum release function becomes disabled necessitating use of a separate vacuum breaker (snifter valve).
2. For flood prone sites the submerged valve will only operate if the pumping head at the air valve is greater than the
immersed depth otherwise the air valve would need to be provided with a snorkel or be relocated above flood level
e.g. on the switchboard elevated platform.

2.2.2.5 Requirements for Columnless Pumps

(a) A bore head one-way ‘air release only’ air valve in conjunction with a small vacuum break
valve (e.g. snifter valve) shall be provided for columnless borehole pumps. These pumps are
not usually fitted with a pump non return valve because of the high head loss characteristics of
available valves relative to the flows they are required to pass.
(b) The air valve shall be metal bodied in vandal or damage prone locations.

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NOTE: The use of a pump NRV is preferred and provision of a suitable valve should be investigated (refer to Section
4.2.6 for further details).

2.2.3 Collector Main Air Valve

A collector main air valve is required downstream of the surface non return valve in order to expel
small quantities of accumulated air from the collector main that has been liberated from dissolved gas
in the bore water or other cause e.g. carry-over air from the bore head air valve.
The collector main air valve shall be a one way ‘air release only’ type. Since the air valve is not a
vacuum breaker type there would be no risk of admitting potentially contaminated air into the
collector main. The air valve shall be metal bodied in vandal or damage prone locations.

2.3 Ambient Conditions

The ambient operating conditions shall be determined in accordance with the Site Conditions section
of DS 30-02.

2.4 Backflow Prevention

All designs shall comply with the Backflow Prevention Devices section contained in DS 31-02.

2.5 Cathodic Protection

Where conditions such as age, material, soil type, groundwater etc. require it the collector main shall
be subject to cathodic protection treatment in accordance with DS 91.

2.6 Coatings
For general information relating to coatings refer to the Coatings section of DS 30-02.

2.7 Condition Monitoring

The following instrumentation shall be used or provided for the monitoring of the pumpset condition
and ground water parameters, as applicable.
(a) A dip tape;
(b) A bubbler (airline) level monitor;
(c) A level transmitter (LT);
(d) A magnetic flowmeter;
(e) Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs);
(f) A pressure transmitter;
(g) A conductivity meter;
(h) A water sampling point;
(i) An integrated monitoring system;
(j) A packer low pressure switch.
NOTE:
1. The dip tape is not a permanently installed device whereas the other items are.
2. It is recommended that a tape reading be performed on WRL before pump installation and compared with LT and
bubbler readings after the pump is installed.

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2.7.1 Summary of Requirements

The following table summarises the conditions monitored and condition monitoring devices required
for Corporation borehole pumpsets and headworks depending on the motor power rating.
Table 2.1 Summary of Condition and Groundwater Monitoring
Condition/ Detection Device Conventional Type Columnless Lineshaft
(Additional
< 100kW ≥100kW
Stakeholder)
Dip tape (manual as M M M (using
required) hanger pipe)
Borehole water
level Bubbler (manual as M M M
required)
(DoW)
Level transmitter M
(electronic)
Integrated monitoring M, P, A M, P, A
system
Abstraction M M M M
volume (DoW) Magnetic flowmeter
low flow / no (electronic) A, P A, P A, P A, P
flow protection
Resistance temperature A, P - A, P A, P A, P
detectors (electronic) iron bacteria
Motor
bores only
temperature
Integrated monitoring M M
system
Low discharge *May be A, P A, P A, P
pressure Pressure transmitter required for
(electronic) op. reasons
M M M
Discharge
pressure Integrated monitoring M M
system – optional
Water quality Conductivity meter M M M M
(only as required)
(DoW); (Dept
Water sampling point M M M M
of Health)
(includes conductivity
and ion analysis)
Vibration A, M A, M
Earth leakage Integrated monitoring P P
system
Bore water M M
temperature
Packer low Pressure switch A
pressure (columnless)

LEGEND: A – Alarm; P – Protection; M – Monitoring

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2.7.2 Detection Device Details

2.7.2.1 Dip Tape
For column type pumpsets a dip tape shall be used to obtain bore WRL readings manually from the
top of the bore cover (dipping) prior to installation of the down-hole equipment. The readings are
used primarily for calibrating the level transmitter. Dipping cannot be conducted after installation of
the down-hole equipment unless the bore is fitted with a ground water level monitoring duct. A duct
shall be fitted where well space permits. Dipping without the benefit of the duct could cause ‘hang
up’ of the tape with the down hole equipment.
For columnless pumps both WRL and WPL can be dipped using a dip tape after installation of the
down hole equipment via the hanger pipe, which is connected hydraulically to the bore upstream of
the pump packer.
2.7.2.2 Bubbler Level Monitor
A bubbler level monitoring device shall be provided for all pumpsets utilizing pump delivery columns
to allow bore WRL and WPL readings to be taken manually at the surface for Corporation operational
and DoW licensing requirements. The bubbler tube is taped or strapped to the pump column during
installation of the down hole equipment.
The bubbler installation and setting requirements are detailed in the “Rigid Column and Flexible
Column” clauses contained in Section 4 and the “Level Monitoring Equipment” Clause in Section 5.
NOTE: Bubblers are not usually used for columnless pumps although they could be installed inside the hanger pipe.

2.7.2.3 Level Transmitter

(a) For conventional type pumpsets <100kW a LT (e.g. Vegawell 52 or equivalent) is required in
addition to the bubbler tube (where appropriate and well size permits). A LT electronically
measures the WRL and WPL for Corporation operational and DoW licensing requirements.
(b) A dip tape reading shall be done initially to confirm the electronic setup and calibration of the
level transmitter. For recording systems refer to the Notes 3 to 5 below.
(c) A LT duct shall be provided to facilitate installation and removal of the transmitter without
removal of the down-hole equipment as follows.
§ for rigid columns the duct shall be unglued PN 12 UPVC. The duct design shall allow free
water movement to the LT sensor via holes at the lower and upper ends and capped to
capture LT sensor,
§ for flexible columns the duct shall be 1m of PN12 PE. The short length of duct does not
fully encapsulate the LT sensor, but acts to direct the LT sensor smoothly from the casing
cover top plate into the bore production casing.
§ the duct shall be taped to the pump discharge column.
(d) The LT installation and setting requirements are detailed in the Rigid Column and Flexible
Column clauses contained in Section 4.
NOTES:
1. Lineshaft pumps utilize a bubbler tube only for water level measurement.
2. The LT data is reported to PLC/RTU/SCADA and PI to represent the depth of water over the transmitter.
3. The distance from the datum (TOBC) to the transmitter is recorded in the standard location for this data (currently
ODSS).
4. The level of the datum in relation to AHD is recorded in the standard location for this data (currently ODSS).
5. The location of the level transmitter needs to be recorded in Aqua with respect to the location of the pump and motor
along with the details of the bore casing, casing depth, screens and the development together with the normal
information contained on the bore log for the particular borefield.
6. Level monitoring can also be conducted as part of an integrated monitoring system detailed in Section 2.7.2.9
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2.7.2.4 Magnetic Flowmeter

The flowmeter primarily serves to measure instantaneous flow and accumulated flow to meet
Corporation operational and DoW abstraction licensing requirements which are detailed in Section 7
of this Standard relating to Abstraction Flowmeter. The flowmeter also provides an alarm and
protection function for the bore pump as specified in the following.
Borehole pump designs shall incorporate an alarm and protection function for a low-flow or no-flow
condition utilizing the magnetic flowmeter. This functionality shall also prevent the pump from
pumping ‘on the snore’ (which could otherwise occur if the water level was to drop to the suction
inlet) by shutting down the pump on low-flow (refer to Notes below).
NOTES:
1. Pumping ‘on the snore’ causes snatch loading on the pumpset rotating element with high risk of component failure
due to mechanical damage and/or motor overheating due to lack of cooling water flow past it.
2. Correct ranging and scaling of the flowmeter and its transmitter to achieve these functions is critical.

2.7.2.5 Resistance Temperature Detectors

Where required, motor windings shall be fitted with RTDs, which shall be set to enable shut down of
the pump in the event that the temperature exceeds the set point for pumpset motors >100 kW and all
bores prone to iron bacteria build up. For further information regarding submersible motor winding
temperature detection refer to Clause 4.7(c) contained in DS 22.
NOTE: RTD’s should not be used for low-flow or no-flow detection or protection of pumps because they are
unreliable.

2.7.2.6 Pressure Transmitter

Major borehole pump headworks shall incorporate a pressure transmitter to provide alarm, monitoring
and protection functions configured to shut down the pump in the event of low discharge pressure.
NOTE: It may be necessary for operational reasons to provide a pressure transmitter for ≤100 kW pumpsets.

2.7.2.7 Conductivity Meter

A conductivity meter shall only be provided for bores that have been specifically identified by the
DoW or Corporation as requiring continuous conductivity measurement e.g. coastal borefields which
are potentially subject to salt water intrusion. Normally, the requirements for conductivity monitoring
can be provided by manual water sampling.
Where a conductivity meter is required it shall be in accordance with the requirements detailed in
Section 7.3.9.4 of this Standard ‘Conductivity Meter Tapping’.
2.7.2.8 Water Sampling Point
A stand-alone water sampling point shall be provided for sampling the ground water quality and as
further detailed in Section 7 of this Standard ‘Water Sampling Point’
2.7.2.9 Integrated Monitoring System
For large rigid column and columnless electric submersible pumps (e.g. ≥ 100 kW) an integrated
monitoring system (Pheonix ESP/CTS or equivalent) should be provided. Information received from
integrated monitoring systems shall be connected to SCADA and the data available in PI.
For large rigid column pumps the monitoring system is located just above the pump and strapped to
the column. It uses a separate cable to the motor cable to transmit information to the surface.
For columnless pumps the monitoring system is located under the pump motor and attached to the
motor windings. It utilizes the motor power cable to transmit information to surface for monitoring via
the power cable taped to the pump column or hanger pipe.
The following parameters are typically measured:
· Vibration
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· Earth leakage (columnless only)

· Motor temperature (columnless only)
· Water temperature
· Suction pressure – i.e. Water level (bore WRL or WPL)
· Discharge pressure (optional – measured via a tapping point installed in pipework just above
the pump delivery to connect pump discharge (via a communication tube) to the integrated
monitoring system transmitter port).
2.7.2.10 Packer Low Pressure Switch
The packer which is inflated via water pressure (to approximately 100 kPa) from a portable pump is
part of a closed water hydraulic system that can be subject to leakage causing packer deflation. In
order to address this issue a pressure switch shall be provided in the system at the surface to flag an
alarm when the packer pressure reaches the low pressure set point.

2.7.3 Monitoring of Non AC Powered Sites

For non-alternating current (AC) powered sites the Designer shall consider the power supply to be
provided for the monitoring equipment e.g. battery, solar or DC power from the engine driving the
pump.
For solar power the batteries required should not be oversized and as a rule of thumb have a capacity
based on 5 days of ‘no sun’ conditions.
Generally the following would be required for SCADA/data collection:
· Magnetic flowmeter;
· Pressure transmitter (where fitted).
NOTE: For lineshaft pumps level monitoring would require automated bubblers which are available but require
further investigation to determine suitability for Corporation purposes. For details on level monitoring see
Section 5.3.4.

2.8 Confined Space

For information relating to confined space refer to the DS 32-02 Confined Space section.

2.9 Corrosion Mitigation

For information regarding corrosion mitigation refer to the Corrosion section in DS 30-02 and the
Glossary.

2.10 Corrosion Resistant Materials

Materials continuously in contact with, or immersed in, water shall be corrosion-resistant. The
following materials shall be considered corrosion resistant for the purpose of this Standard:
(a) Copper alloys complying with AS 1565, AS/NZS 1567 or AS/NZS 1568 and complying with AS
2345;
(b) Stainless steels with a PREN of at least 22, complying with a recognised standard (e.g. AS, ASTM,
EN etc.) for the relevant product form (e.g. casting, bar, forging, pressing etc.)

2.11 Dismantling Joints

Dismantling pipework joints or couplings (where applicable) shall be of the restrained type in
accordance with the Dismantling Joints section of DS 31-01.
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2.12 Earthing
Headworks pipework, pipe specials, valves and appurtenances (including the bore head casing cover
assembly), shall be earthed in compliance with the Earthing Section requirements contained in DS 21
and DS 22.

2.13 Fasteners
Structural fasteners shall comply with the Fasteners for Structural Applications section of DS 30-01
and the Bolting Structural Joints section of DS 38-01. Flange fasteners shall comply with DS 38-02.

2.14 Financial Impact Statement

For information relating to financial impact statements refer to the Financial Impact Statement section
contained in DS 30-02.

2.15 Flanges and Gaskets

Flanges and gaskets shall be in accordance with DS 38-02.

2.16 Induced Voltage Protection

Metallic borefield collector mains located in the vicinity and/or within the same easement as high
voltage distribution power line(s) may be subject to unacceptable touch voltages. The Designer shall
ensure that a study is carried out to investigate, analyse and mitigate by design, as required, any
exposure to touch voltage hazards by the public and operational personnel. Reference should be made
to Section 11 of DS 21 in this regard.

2.17 Installation
For information and specific requirements relating to installation and workmanship relating to
mechanical plant refer to DS 38-01.

2.18 Materials
For general information regarding elastomers, metals and materials for sea water refer to the relevant
Materials sections contained in DS 30-02.

2.19 Noise
Operating noise levels are not normally an issue for submersible electric borehole pumps, in fact this
type of pump can be used to minimise noise in sensitive locations over conventional surface mounted
pumps. Noise considerations relating to borehole pumps would normally be restricted to noisy
headworks valves or diesel driven pumpsets e.g. engine driven lineshaft pumps or generating sets
providing power to submersible electric borehole pumps.
The following noise reduction strategies should be considered where noise sensitivity may be an
issue:
(a) Endeavour to minimise the noise and vibration levels during selection of the equipment e.g. by
use of water cooled engines in lieu of air cooled (noisier);
(b) Provide a sound attenuated enclosure over the diesel engine;
(c) Use of low slam non return valves.
For information relating to noise the Designer should refer to the ‘Noise’ section contained in DS 30-
02.
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2.20 Occupational Safety and Health

For detailed Occupational Safety and Health requirements the Designer should refer to the
Occupational Safety and Health section in DS 30-02.

2.21 Redundancy
Maintenance requirements for the borefield shall be determined and documented as part of the design.
The maintenance regime will impact on the level of built-in redundancy in the borefield operation and
the design needs to address this.
For critical operational scenarios where repair times are likely to be unacceptably long, spare pumps,
motors, spare rotating element, impellers or spare parts shall be considered for as follows:
(a) A spare pump or pumpset should be considered for small production pumps in critical or
remote situations in lieu of spare parts;
(b) A spare pumpset should be considered for engineered pumps.

2.22 Signage and Labels

For general information relating to signage and labels refer to the Signage and Labels section of DS
30-02.

2.23 Statutory Authorities

Designs shall take into account compliance with the requirements of statutory authorities shown in the
Statutory Authorities section of DS 30-02.

2.24 Valves
For information on valves refer to the relevant parts of the Pipework section of this Standard and DS
31-02.

2.25 Variable Speed Drives (VSD)

For information and requirements related to variable speed drives refer to the relevant parts of the
‘Variable Speed Drives’ section contained in DS 32.

2.26 Vibration
Mechanical equipment vibration values shall be designed to a minimum. The acceptable limits for
particular equipment are detailed in the Vibration section of DS 30-02.

2.27 Water Hammer

The Designer shall comply with the relevant parts of Section 6 relating to Water Hammer contained in
DS 60 and the relevant parts of the ‘Water Hammer’ section contained in DS 32.

2.28 Welding
Welding shall comply with the relevant parts of the ‘Welding’ section contained in DS 30-02.

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3 PRODUCTION BORE SITES

3.1 General
This section covers general information and requirements relating to production bores and their sites.
The borehole pump site shall comply with the relevant requirements contained in the ‘Site Conditions
and Selection’ section contained in DS 30-02 and optimal siting with respect to the following:
(a) Fenced compounds shall be provided with clear access to the bore pump for service vehicles
(pump lifting crane and bore development and drilling rigs);
(b) Fenced compounds with limited access shall be provided with hard-standing outside the fence
for the service vehicles such as the mobile crane;
(c) Switchboards and cable disconnection cubicles shall be sited clear of the service vehicle access
and shall comply with the requirements of the ‘Orientation of Outdoor Switchboards’ clause
contained in DS 22. Decontactor plugs shall be similarly sited clear of the vehicle access;
(d) Location of underground valves shall be sited clear of the service vehicle access;
(e) Scour (where applicable) direction shall be optimally sited to suit site specifics;
(f) Sufficient clearway should be provided for removal of the flexible borehole column where
applicable
(g) Vandal-prone sites shall be treated so as to protect otherwise vulnerable components e.g.
(i) air valve covers shall be metal bodied;
(ii) ball valve and butterfly valve handles shall be removed or locked off;
(iii) power cable and instrument cables shall be installed in conduits or ducts;
(iv) pressure gauge tapping shall be plugged.

3.2 Operating Environment

3.2.1 Non Flood-Prone Bore Sites
Non flood-prone bores are sites not subject to any flooding, or in the event of minor local flooding the
water will not encroach above the bore head casing cover cable gland, which being IP 67 rated is only
capable of temporary immersion e.g. 30 minutes. Non flood-prone also includes flood-plane bore sites
that have been elevated above the flood level via an earth pad or an elevated platform.

3.2.2 Flood-Prone Bore Sites

3.2.2.1 General
Flood-prone bores are sites that are subject to flooding above the bottom of the bore head casing
cover cable gland. For the purpose of this Standard two flood-prone bore types have been designated:
(a) Flood-plane bore sites located on flood planes subject to immersion from rising but relatively
slow flowing waters and utilizing above ground headworks; and
(b) Riverbed bore sites located in riverbeds and subject to deep and fast flowing floodwaters
utilizing headworks installed above flood level on the river bank (Gascoyne River).
NOTE: Flooding would normally be related to the 1:100 year flood level, or alternatively based on local experience
for the particular bore site

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3.2.2.2 Flood-Plane Bores

The Designer should consider the options available for bore sites subject to flooding. For flood plane
bore sites providing a purpose-designed elevated earth pad or a steel platform to accommodate the
headworks pipework above the flood level, may be a feasible option. For lineshaft borehole pumpsets
sited in flood plane areas the discharge head and diesel engine shall be raised above the flood level.
Where elevation is not feasible the components vulnerable to inundation shall be treated to withstand
flooding events.
The elevated pad should be considered where appropriate and arranged as follows:
(a) The height of the embankment to be above the long term flood level with the top compacted
and graded;
(b) The top of the embankment sized to accommodate:
(i) the bore and headworks across one end;
(ii) truck access and turning at the other end,
(iii) electrical cubicle;
(iv) security fencing and vehicular access gate and
(v) bollards as required;
(c) Access to the pad via a ramp at one end;
(d) External embankment faces graded and covered with a geomembrane and stone pitched rip rap.
In lieu of an elevated pad, an elevated steel platform sited above the flood level should be considered
where appropriate and arranged as follows to accommodate:
(a) The switchboard;
(b) A borehead casing cover incorporating an IP 67 cable gland (Roxtec or equivalent) fitted to an
extended production casing;
(c) The bore head air valve and water sampling point;
(d) A discharge bend to route the pipework back down to the headworks pipework above the
ground level;
In lieu of either of the above options, an IP 68 glanded bore head casing cover shall be fitted to the
concrete apron as further detailed in Section 6.
3.2.2.3 Riverbed Bores
For riverbed bores the following summarises the areas that should be addressed:
(a) Above ground cable connection shall be fitted with a cable canister complying with IP 68
enclosure rating to AS 60529 as further detailed in Section 6;
(b) The headworks pipework shall be located above the river bank above the floodwaters with the
connecting pipework from the bore head buried in the riverbed to protect it from damaging
floodwaters as further detailed in Section 7.

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3.3 Borehole Contamination Entry Points

The following table summarises potential contamination sources and associated entry point
prevention measures which shall be addressed for non flood-prone and flood-prone bores as further
detailed in the Standard:
Table 3.1 Summary of Contamination Entry Points/Sources
Contamination Sources
Entry Point Prevention Measure Surface Shallow Animal Air Ground
Water Groundwater & Insect Borne Borne

Sealing of the concrete slab to the surface and X X - - -

production casings
Correct grading of the concrete slab at the bore head X - - - -

Sealing of bore head cover to concrete apron X - X - -

Sealing at the electrical cable and instrument cable X - X X -
entry points in the bore head cover
Sealing of sampling, monitoring or control X - X X -
equipment cables and tube entry points
Removal of air valves for riverbed applications X - - - -
Provision of one-way ‘air release only’ air valves and - - X X -
a small vacuum break valve for non-flood and flood
plane applications
Provision of casing vent ‘Y’ strainer (includes X - X - -
normally closed ball valve for flood-prone bores)
Correct bunding between diesel engine and bore X X - - -
head
Maintenance practices that eliminate contamination X - - - X
of the borehole and installed equipment (protection
of openings, only clean equipment installed in
borehole)

3.4 Borehole Location

Location of boreholes with respect to each other and the position of the pumpset in the bore are
important factors in determining optimal long term performance. Where a borehole is equipped within
close proximity of another operating borehole, due consideration shall be taken into account of the
interference to each other’s cone of depression (or zone of influence) and effect on long term
drawdown, when determining the pumpset placement setting.

3.5 Concrete Apron

3.5.1 General
A reinforced concrete apron shall be provided around the bore protruding a minimum of 150 mm
above the finished ground level for submersible electric borehole pump installations (for lineshaft
pump foundation block refer to Section 3.5.3). There should be sufficient apron to allow a
comfortable working area without the risk of personnel tripping off the edge of the apron. As a guide
the apron should be constructed to the minimum dimensions specified in Table 3.2. The apron should
be graded to the edge to facilitate run-off away from the bore head. The surrounding ground finished
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level shall be graded up to the edge of the concrete apron to eliminate an otherwise tripping hazard
and shall be stabilised to prevent wind or water erosion.
Table 3.2 Minimum Concrete Apron Dimensions
Headwork Size Minimum Apron Size Minimum Slab Depth
≤ DN150 2.5m x 2.5m 200mm
≥ DN200 3m x 3m 200mm

3.5.2 Design Loads

The concrete apron shall be designed to support the maximum static and dynamic loads being
transmitted by the pumpset and pipework via the bore head casing cover or baseplate (lineshaft
pumps).
In addition to the pumpset and pipework loads the concrete apron shall be designed to withstand the
loads transmitted by a drilling rig or service truck. The load rating of the concrete apron shall be
permanently marked with the maximum design load.

3.5.3 Pumpset Foundation Block and Grouting

For lineshaft borehole pumps the concrete apron shall be combined with an integral foundation block
to accommodate the diesel engine/pumpset baseplate. The foundation block shall comply with the
‘Foundation Blocks’ section of DS 30-02 and grouting shall comply with the ‘Grouting’ section of DS
38-01.

3.5.4 Cable Chase

The concrete apron for non flood-prone column type bores shall incorporate a cable chase and
removable cover plate to accommodate the motor drop cable from the bore to the outer circumference
of the concrete apron. The chase shall be conveniently located with respect to the de-contactor plug
assembly or switchboard cubicle. Instrumentation cables shall be run in conduits from the apron to
their respective instruments.
NOTES:
1. The cable chase is required to prevent an otherwise tripping hazard that would exist with a loose cable draped across
the apron.
2. Flood-prone bores incorporate a connection box or canister and columnless bores have a cable frame and accordingly
don’t require a cable chase and cover.

3.6 Surface and Production Casing

3.6.1 Top of Casing (TOC) and Top of Bore Cover (TOBC)
The TOC (refer to Section 1 Definitions) is the 00.00 datum point that the drillers’ reference for the
production casing at the surface from which all other bore levels are related e.g. top of screen, WRL,
WPL etc. The TOC in turn needs to be referenced in terms of the Australian Height Datum (AHD)
and reference coordinates. Subsequent level monitoring and other measurements which are taken or
referenced from the TOBC (refer to Section 1 Definitions) shall be related to the TOC otherwise
discrepancies will occur.
The TOC is a critical dimension, and any changes to casing height for engineering purposes should be
fully notified to all stakeholders, and instruments and data sets adjusted to reflect the change in datum
(refer Notes).
NOTES:

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1 The TOC level should be determined by a surveyor, referenced to AHD and recorded on the original bore log before
any changes to the production casing are made.
2. If the TOC is changed, it should be levelled again to AHD, or if small then measured and recorded. The original bore
log would provide accurate measurement below the TOBC to the bottom of the bore or screens or transitions etc.
3. As the top of casing is usually 0.3 m to 0.5m or so above ground level for PVC bores and about 0.5 m or so for GRP
bores, the cut off are usually small, say 0.1 to 0.3m. As drilling measurements below ground probably are no more
accurate than this, it is probably rather academic, unless the TOC is changed a lot, e.g. bore is raised due to
significant earthworks or due to rising above flood level.

3.6.2 Production Casing Sizing

The nominal production casing diameters shown in Table 3.3 are given for guidance and should be
adopted where possible. These recommended sizes have been developed to ensure adequate space is
provided for all down-hole components.
Table 3.3 – Standard Production Casing Sizes
Production Casing Minimum Internal Diameter (mm)
Bore Flow
Range Pumpset above Pumpset in or below Screens(3)
Screens(3) Motor <37kW Motor Motor
ML/d Flexible Rigid Flexible Rigid 38-110kW 111-183kW
0.0-0.5 200 200 200 200 250 300
0.6-0.8 200 250 200 250 250 300
0.8-1.0 200 250 250 250 250 300
1.0-1.3 200 250 250 250 300 300
1.4-1.8 250 250 250 250 300 300
1.9-2.0 250 300 250 300 300 350
2.1-2.2 250 300 250 300 300 350
2.3-2.8 250 300 300 300 300 350
2.9-3.5 250 300 300 300 350 350
3.6-3.9 300 300 300 300 350 350
4.0-4.8 300 350 350 350 350 400
4.9-5.1 300 350 350 350 400 400
5.2-6.0 350 350 350 350 400 400
6.1-6.5 350 350 400 400 400 400
6.6-6.8 350 350 400 400 400 450
6.9-7.2 350 400 400 400 400 450
7.3-8.2 350 400 400 400 450 450
8.3-8.9 350 400 450 450 450
9.0-9.6 400 450 450 500
9.6-10.0 400 450 500

NOTES:
1 Table 3.3 is primarily intended for bores utilising columns. For columnless bores the production casing is usually
DN350 GRP (refer Section 1.1.1 regarding use of columnless bores).
2. For bore flow ranges >10ML/d, contact Principal Mechanical Engineer, IDB for advice before proceeding.
3. For pumpsets located above the screens the critical factor affecting casing sizing is generally the size of the pump
column couplings with monitoring ducts. For pumpsets located in and below the screen the critical factor is generally
the size of the pumpset motor plus a shroud (refer Section 4.2.7).

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3.6.3 Borehole Construction

The following borehole construction is used by the Corporation:
(a) The production casing is either PVC-U or GRP (or mild steel for some older existing bores
only);
(b) Slotted PVC-U production casing is used in smaller regional applications;
(c) Larger boreholes are generally screened at an aquifer at the bottom of the borehole casing, or at
an intermediate level, or both as relevant;
(d) Production borehole casing ranges in size from DN 150 to DN 700;
(e) Bores also generally incorporate an outer surface casing.

3.6.4 Casing Sealing

3.6.4.1 PVC-U/GRP Production Casing Sealing
(a) The mild steel surface casing should finish to a level which is approximately midway within
concrete apron (e.g. 100 mm below the top of the concrete apron);
(b) For bores where the surface casing is relatively short (i.e. ~2.5 m) a puddle flange shall be
welded to the top of the surface casing (refer to Note 1);
(c) The concrete apron shall be finished over the top of the puddle flange or surface casing and seal
against the production casing;
(d) The final section of the production casing shall extend above the concrete apron a minimum
height of 150 mm. For GRP production casings (or where the casing is for a columnless type
bore) the final section comprises a minimum 2.5m stainless steel casing fitted to the GRP
casing. The exception in terms of the height of protrusion above the concrete apron would be
for lineshaft borehole pumps, where the discharge head is mounted directly onto the concrete
apron or on a foundation block, which would require the production casing to extend
sufficiently to accommodate the grout and clear the underside of the discharge head;
(e) For column type bores the bore head casing cover shall be secured directly to the concrete
apron. Its bottom flange shall be bonded and sealed to the apron via a bed of high strength, non-
shrink flexible epoxy grout suitable for potable water use. The bottom flange shall incorporate
stud fasteners extending through the flange for keying into the concrete apron.
(f) For columnless type bores a mating flange to suit the bore head casing tee bottom flange shall
be fitted at the top of the production casing.
NOTE:
For bore where the surface casing is extensive there is no requirement for the puddle flange e.g. Yarragadee Bore G7 where
the surface casing length is approximately 70 m and is set in grout.

3.6.4.2 Mild Steel Production Casing Sealing

(a) The surface casing shall finish at a level which is approximately midway within the concrete
apron (e.g. 100 mm below the top of the concrete apron);
(b) The concrete apron shall extend over the surface casing and seal against the production casing.
(c) The production casing shall extend above the concrete apron by 100 mm and finish in a DN 500
flange designed to match the bore head casing cover bottom flange. The exception would be for
lineshaft borehole pumps where:
(i) the discharge head is mounted directly onto the concrete apron which would require the
production casing to be extended sufficiently to accommodate the grout and clear the
underside of the discharge head;

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(ii) the discharge head is mounted on a fabricated steel base which would require the
production casing to extend above the concrete apron by 100 with a plain end (not
flanged).

3.7 Bore Development

Bores shall be properly developed before installation of the pumpset in order to minimise the amount
of solid particles to be pumped which have the potential to produce severe wear on the pump
components. The maximum acceptable sand content discharged from bores for drinking water
purposes shall not exceed 5 mg/L.
NOTE:
Information source – National Groundwater Association (US) and United States EPA

3.8 Flow Capacity for Specific Aquifers

The following flow capacity limits generally apply to the nominated aquifers:
(a) 5 ML/d for superficial bores;
(b) 10 ML/d for Leederville aquifer;
(c) 25 ML/d for Yarragadee aquifer.

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4 SUBMERSIBLE ELECTRIC BOREHOLE PUMPS

4.1 General
This section covers submersible electric centrifugal borehole pumps and their associated down-hole
equipment.
Submersible electric borehole pumps are used for groundwater pumping, and are also used for
transfer or booster pump applications which will not be covered by this Standard (refer to the Booster
Pump Application clause DS 32-02 for further information on booster pumps).
General information and specific requirements on boreholes is contained in Section 3 of this
Standard.

4.2 Pumpsets
4.2.1 Pumpset Selection
Pumpset selection shall comply with the relevant parts of the ‘Water Pump Stations - Pumpset
Selection’ section contained in DS 32.

4.2.2 Pumpset Technical Requirements

(a) Submersible electric borehole pumps shall comply with SPS 507
(b) The pumpset motor duty and rating shall comply with the relevant sections of DS 26-15 or DS
26-20 Type Specifications as applicable.

4.2.3 Pumpset Features

The following summarises the features relating to submersible electric borehole pumps used by the
Corporation:
(a) Production or engineered type pumpsets for use on borehole pump applications to a maximum
of 700 kW;
(b) Multi-stage end suction centrifugal pumps with mixed flow impellers (or radial for low flows)
located in radially-split stage casings each incorporating a diffuser and bearing (except for
small pumpsets) and generally fitted with an integral non return valve (refer Pump Non-Return
Valve clause below);
(c) Close-coupled to low or high voltage submersible electric motors for 2 pole, 4 pole or
multispeed operation;
(d) Low operating noise level characteristics.

4.2.4 Pump Testing

Factory testing shall be conducted for all borehole pumps supplied to the Corporation assets in
accordance with SPS 507. For further information relating to all aspects of pump testing refer to the
‘Water Pump Stations - Pump Testing’ section of DS 32.

4.2.5 Condition Monitoring

For pump condition monitoring requirements and information refer to ‘Condition Monitoring’
contained in the General Design Criteria section of this Standard.

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4.2.6 Pump Non-Return Valve

Except for columnless pumps (refer Note 4 below) the pumpset shall be fitted with either:
(a) An integral, purpose-designed, fast dynamic response, poppet type, resilient seated non-return
valve at the pump outlet; or
(b) A separate fast dynamic response, poppet type, resilient seated non return valve fitted
immediately above the pump discharge.
Traditionally for flexible discharge column installations (e.g. Wellmaster) the non return valve disc
was drilled to allow column drainage to facilitate removal of the pump. This practice shall no longer
be employed and a break-off plug system fitted in the column shall be used instead. Refer to the notes
below regarding the adverse issues relating to column drainage.
For potentially high water hammer situations the pump non return valve shall be selected for the
appropriate dynamic response e.g. spring loaded poppet etc.
NOTES:
1. A pump NRV keeps the discharge column full of water rather than it draining back to the WRL after the
pump stops. An empty column reduces the head on the pump is undesirable as repeated cycling can damage
the motor thrust bearing due to the repetitive upthrust and downthrust induced shock loading.
2. A pump non return valve prevents backflow of water down the bore which otherwise could have a number of
potentially damaging consequences such as over pumping on pump start, high rotating element speed due to
backflow, possible seizing of pump due to settling of solid particles and undesirable surging of the bore
screen.
3. A pump non return valve prevents vacuum formation in the column for WRLs >10 m (providing the NRV
does not leak) thus preventing water hammer during start-up. Otherwise on pump start the column of water
would move at high velocity to fill the vacuum thus impacting on the stationary water on the downstream side
of the surface NRV, producing water hammer and shock loads on the system
4. Pump non return valves were originally fitted to the first of the columnless pumps (non integral type)
however they failed in service due to turbulence. Enquiries with the pump manufacturer at the time
(Centrilift) indicated the pumps could operate without a non return valve so pumps have since been installed
without one. This is not preferred by the Corporation and investigations have been undertaken to provide a
suitable alternative however remains unresolved because of relatively high NRV head losses.

4.2.7 Motor Shroud

The Designer shall comply with the following motor shroud requirements:
(a) A motor shroud shall be fitted where:
i. the velocity of water flow past the motor is less than the minimum flow requirements
specified by the manufacturer (normally of the order 0.5 to 0.75 m/s minimum flow);
ii. a submersible pump is placed at a level within or lower than a cascading screened aquifer.
NOTE: This is done in order to direct flow past the motor for cooling. Without a shroud flow would
otherwise be directed over the pump end only with the potential for motor overheating.

4.2.8 Pump Setting

Placement of a borehole pump suction inlet should be sufficiently below the long term drawdown
level or WPL such that the NPSHA is always greater than the pump’s NPSHR.

4.3 Pumpset Down-hole Components

Submersible borehole pumpset and ancillary equipment shall generally comprise the following:
(a) A submersible electric pumpset;
(b) A motor shroud (if applicable);

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(c) For column type boreholes the pumpset shall be suspended on a flexible or rigid corrosion
resistant discharge column (refer also Pump Discharge Column section below); or
(d) For columnless boreholes the pumpset shall be supported by an inflatable packer assembly and
hanger pipe (refer Pump Discharge Column section below);
(e) Electric drop cable and pump earth cable;
(f) Motor temperature transmitter (as required);
(g) Bubbler tube (except columnless);
(h) Groundwater level monitoring ducts (for column type pumpsets) including;
(i) duct for dip tape (well space permitting);
(ii) duct for level transmitter (well space permitting);
(i) Level transmitter (well space permitting);
(j) Integrated monitoring system for large rigid column pumps (eg. CTS system) and columnless
pumps (e.g. Pheonix)

4.4 Pump Discharge Column

Borehole pumpsets shall be either fitted with a rigid column pipe; or a flexible column; or for
columnless pumpsets with an inflatable packer utilising the production borehole casing as the
discharge column. Pump column shall be corrosion resistant and comply with one of the following
types:

4.4.1 Rigid Column

Rigid column shall comply with the following:
(a) FRP twist and lock type e.g. ‘Permaglass’ pump column incorporating couplings pressure
sealed via an O-ring and retained via a 316 stainless steel locking cable e.g. ‘Kwik-Lok’ (or
equivalent) shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements;
(b) Rigid column is preferred in local flood-prone situations because the cable gland (e.g. Roxtec)
would be located higher than for flexible column e.g. the bore head casing cover for rigid
column is 350 mm higher than the flexible column cover;
(c) Column design and installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements;
(d) The electric drop cable, ground water level monitoring ducts (well space permitting) and
bubbler tube shall be taped to the column. The bubbler tube and strapping tape are detailed in
Section 4.4.4 and Section 4.4.5;
(d) The bubbler tube and level transmitter (where fitted) shall be located at the commencement of
the column i.e. immediately above the pump non return valve unless otherwise specified for
special cases. The bubbler tube shall be cut at an angle at the sensor end e.g. 45°;

4.4.2 Flexible Column

Flexible column shall comply with the following:
(a) ‘Wellmaster’ flexible column (or equivalent) shall be used where appropriate (Note 1);
(b) A break-off plug system shall be used to allow column drainage to facilitate pumpset retrieval
(Notes 2 and 3);
(c) The column design and installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s
requirements;

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(d) The electric drop cable, ground water level monitoring ducts (well space permitting) and
bubbler tube shall be secured to the column using the manufacturer’s cable straps;
(e) The bubbler tube end shall be taped to the stainless steel fitting at the commencement of the
column and fed through the cable straps to the surface. Accordingly the bubbler tube will be the
same length as the column. The location of the tube end may be moved closer to the pump inlet
for special cases and the position recorded e.g. marginal production bores. The bubbler tube
shall be cut at an angle at the sensor end e.g. 45°.
(f) The flexible column stretch under the pump operating conditions shall be factored into the
design and installation of the down-hole components using the manufacturer’s stretch formula.
NOTES:
1. Flexible column requires a site which has sufficient space to allow installation and removal of the pumpset and
column.
2. The break-off plug is fitted internally at the bottom of the flexible column. Prior to removal of the pump a torpedo is
lowered down the column to impact the plug causing it to break-off and allow the column to drain. The deflated
column is then able to be pulled over a roller at the surface to facilitate removal of the pump.
3. The break off plug system replaces the previous method of column drainage which was to drill a small hole in the
pump NRV prior to installation. This practice is no longer desirable for the reasons previously stated in the Pump
Non Return Valve clause and associated Notes.

4.4.3 Production Casing Column (Columnless)

(a) Bores utilizing the production casing as the discharge column shall incorporate a stainless steel
inflatable packer assembly fitted to the pump discharge outlet and which seals on the bore
casing after inflation. The packer assembly shall incorporate hanger pipe and fittings to
facilitate inflation and deflation of the packer from the surface level;
(b) The packer assembly shall incorporate a discharge outlet to the casing column. The discharge
outlet shall be fitted with a stainless steel hanger pipe which is connected to the bore head
casing cover at the surface. The hanger pipe facilitates pump installation and removal and
provides a support for the electric drop cable (Note 1);
(c) The electric drop cable shall be taped to the hanger pipe. Strapping tape is detailed in Section
4.4.4;
(d) For bores subject to significant deviation the packer assembly shall be fitted with a bore
centralizer;
(e) All pumpset motors shall be fitted with bore centralizer to prevent contact with the production
casing which can cause hot spots and premature motor failure;
(f) The inflatable packer assembly shall comply with the ‘Riserless Pump Packer’ supplied by Age
Developments Pty Ltd (or equivalent);
NOTES:
1. The water level transmitter shall be part of the integrated monitoring system which utilises the electric drop cable for
transmission to the surface.
2. Columnless pumps are not usually fitted with a pump NRV

4.4.4 Strapping Tape

The strapping tape shall be "Advance" AT10 PVC Heavy Duty Pipewrap Tape, 48mm x 33m or
equivalent.
NOTE: It is important that the correct tape specification be used as substandard products have failed in service
causing tape to be ingested into pumps requiring very costly rectification.

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4.4.5 Bubbler Tubing

The bubbler tube shall be ¼", "SMC", black, low density polyethylene tubing (TE1400) in 100m coils
or equivalent.
NOTE: It is important that the correct bubbler tube specification be used as substandard products have and failed in
service e.g. tube becomes brittle requiring very costly rectification.

4.5 Casing Cover and Headworks

Aboveground requirements for submersible electric borehole pumps shall comply with Section 6 and
Section 7 of this Standard, which specify requirements for bore head casing covers, headworks
pipework and collector main connecting pipework.

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5 LINESHAFT BOREHOLE PUMPS

5.1 Scope and General
This section of the Standard covers the surface and down-hole equipment associated with diesel
engine driven lineshaft type multi-stage centrifugal pumps as used on Corporation boreholes for
groundwater pumping. Lineshaft type multi-stage centrifugal pumps are commonly referred to as
vertical turbine pumps.
For the purpose of this Standard it will be assumed:
· Lineshaft pumps will be diesel engine driven;
· The discharge head, right angle gear drive, transmission shafting and diesel engine will not be
subject to flooding (albeit they may be installed on an elevated platform above the flood level)
in accordance with Section 3.
Electric motor and diesel engine driven helical rotor lineshaft borehole pumps are also used by the
Corporation for groundwater pumping for small borehole pump applications, and whilst referred to
below will not be covered in detail in this Standard.
The following requirements for lineshaft pumps in some instances are deliberately detailed and
prescriptive because of the absence of a related product specification at this stage.
General information and specific requirements on boreholes is contained Section 3 of this Standard.

5.1.1 Vertical Turbine Pumps Considerations

The Designer should seriously consider use of a diesel generating set and submersible electric
borehole pump in lieu of a diesel driven lineshaft borehole pump because of the design and O&M
issues associated with the latter as detailed below. Also the generating set would provide power for
the instrumentation such as the magnetic flowmeter, level transmitter and pressure transmitter.
The Corporation would generally only use a vertical turbine pump for a bore site where electric power
was not available and accordingly a diesel engine drive would be required. Submersible electric
borehole pumps would normally be used where electric power was available. However vertical
turbine pumps can be useful in order to maximise the output from a bore where limited space
precludes the use of an optimal sized submersible electric motor.
There are issues with use of turbine pumps which makes them less attractive than submersible electric
borehole pumps and these should be considered by the Designer. These particularly relate to:
· Lack of power to run monitoring instrumentation. The Designer should identify the equipment
and instrumentation required and prepare a power budget to determine the total power load.
The equipment required should have low power requirement characteristics;
· Additional major components required such as the discharge head, right angle drive gearbox
and universal drive shaft;
· A more complex column assembly which comprises column sections and couplings, lineshaft
and shaft couplings, bearing housings, bearings and bearing retainers, which can be vulnerable
to draining of the column (e.g. leaking foot valve);
· Corrosion of the discharge column (which is generally not corrosion resistant) in even mildly
corrosive waters. Corrosion is exacerbated by the column joint configuration, which embodies
potentially corrosion prone features such as screw threads and the presence of dissimilar metals
e.g. two steel column sections, a steel or ductile iron joint coupling and a bronze bearing
housing, all clamped together. This arrangement in the presence of water can readily form a
galvanic couple causing severe corrosion of the column sections and in particular joint threads
which may result in catastrophic failure;
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· Maintenance of the packed gland, gearbox and setting positions for impellers etc, which in
combination with the added complexity and a multiplicity of components contributes to a
potentially higher failure risk and higher operation and maintenance costs;
· Further, bore straightness is more critical for the proper operation of. a lineshaft pump than for
a submersible pump

5.1.2 Helical Rotor Pumps Considerations

For smaller borehole applications lineshaft helical rotor pumps are sometimes used for electric
powered and un-powered sites. At this stage helical rotor borehole pumpsets will not be covered in
this Standard. However it should be noted that most of the issues relating to lineshaft pumps would
equally apply to helical rotor pumps.
It should be noted that headworks pipework for helical rotor pumps would require additional
protection because of this type of pump’s positive displacement characteristic. Accordingly a pressure
relief valve shall always be fitted upstream of an isolating valve in order to prevent damage in the
event of the pump being started against a closed valve.

5.2 Pumpsets
5.2.1 Pumpset Selection
Pumpset selection shall comply with the relevant parts of the ‘Pumpset Selection’ section contained in
Clause 4.2.1 of this Standard, and as amended by the following.
5.2.1.1 Pump Selection
High bore water temperature can be a factor for deep lineshaft borehole pumps where differential
expansion of the shafting with respect to the column could cause pump damage. Differential
expansion will occur after pump start or pump stop until the water temperature stabilizes either hot or
cold respectively. The Designer shall take this into account when selecting pumps.

5.2.2 Pumpset Technical Requirements

The lineshaft pump shall be multi-stage end suction centrifugal with mixed flow impellers fitted to a
stainless steel shaft and located in radial-split stage casings each incorporating a diffuser and bearing.
Materials and components shall equivalent to those contained in SPS 507 as applicable.

5.2.3 Pumpset Features

The following list of features and components relate to lineshaft borehole pumps used by the
Corporation:
(a) Lineshaft pump incorporating a foot valve and strainer fitted below the pump inlet;
(b) Pump suspended on a rigid steel discharge column and lineshaft drive assembly;
(c) The column is attached to a discharge head at the surface through which the lineshaft passes for
connection of the pump to the driver;
(d) A right angle gearbox which is flange mounted to the discharge head and connected to the
diesel engine via a universal drive shaft (and for large diesel engines a clutch).

5.2.4 Pump Testing

Factory testing shall be conducted for all borehole pumps supplied to the Corporation assets in
accordance with SPS 507. For further information relating to all aspects of pump testing refer to the
‘Pump Testing’ section of DS 32.

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5.2.5 Condition Monitoring

For pump condition monitoring requirements and information refer to ‘Condition Monitoring’
contained in the General Design Criteria section of this Standard.

5.2.6 Foot Valve and Strainer

A foot valve shall be provided in order to maintain a full discharge column of water so the lineshaft
bearings, which are water lubricated, are immersed at all times and as detailed in the following.
(a) The pump shall be fitted with a poppet type, resilient seated foot valve located below the pump
inlet;
(b) For potentially high water hammer situations the foot valve shall be selected for the appropriate
dynamic response e.g. spring load etc;
(c) A conical strainer manufactured from grade 316 stainless steel and shall be fitted on the foot
valve inlet;
(d) Components shall be corrosion resistant and equivalent to component materials for the non
return valve contained in SPS 507 e.g. housing, resilient seal and stem,
NOTES:
1. Other methods of pre-lubricating the lineshaft bearings may be via a pre-lubrication tank, or piping from the
headworks connected to the discharge head incorporating a solenoid and timer set to operate pre-engine start.
These methods are not considered appropriate and are discounted in favour of a foot valve as discussed in the
following notes.
2. A foot valve keeps the discharge column full of water rather than it draining back to the WRL after the pump
stops. An empty column reduces the head on the pump which is undesirable as repeated cycling can damage
the drive head thrust bearing due to repetitive upthrust and down thrust induced shock loading.
3. A foot valve prevents backflow of water down the bore which otherwise could have a number of potentially
damaging consequences such as over pumping on pump start, possible seizing of pump due to settling of
solid particles and undesirable surging of the bore screen.

5.2.7 Pump Setting

Placement of a borehole pump suction inlet should be a minimum of 5 m below the long term
drawdown level or WPL where practicable.

5.3 Discharge Column Assembly

The pump shall be suspended on a rigid steel discharge column assembly comprising column pipe
sections; column couplings; bearing housings and bearings fitted at each column section joint; and
lineshaft and couplings assembly, as detailed in the following.

5.3.1 Discharge Column

The discharge column assembly shall be manufactured from heavy-duty carbon steel pipe sections.
Each column section shall be accurately cut to length and shall incorporate precision machined
threads at each end to provide correct alignment of the assembly. Each column section shall be fitted
with a coupling which shall be accurately machined from ductile iron or heavy duty seamless steel
tubing. Threads shall be of the correct hand to prevent unscrewing during pump operation.
NOTE: Flanged columns are available but not used by the Corporation due to space constraints within the borehole.

5.3.2 Column Bearings Housings and Bearings

Bearing housings shall be manufactured from a bronze listed in Table 2.1 of SPS 507. The housing
shall retain the bearing using a positive locking system e.g. stainless steel circlip or retaining nut. The
housing shall be designed with an optimal waterway profile to minimize hydraulic losses across it.
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The housing bore, rim threads and lands shall be precision machined to provide accurate alignment
and positive sealing between the adjacent column sections.
The bearing housings shall be fitted with water lubricated, removable elastomeric bearings to provide
vibration-free radial support.
NOTE: Oil lubricated lineshaft bearing are available but not used by the Corporation because water lubricated
bearings are considered effective and to reduce potential oil contamination of the borehole.

5.3.3 Lineshaft
The lineshaft shall be manufactured from smooth-ground stainless steel conforming to ASTM A276
grade 431 or 316. Each lineshaft section shall incorporate precision machined threads at each end to
provide correct alignment of the assembly. The lineshaft couplings shall be manufactured from
stainless steel of a minimum PREN of 22 and of hardness sufficiently different to avoid galling (e.g.
50 HBW). Couplings shall be accurately machined with internal threads of the correct hand to prevent
unscrewing during pump operation.
For information relating to calculation of the PREN refer to ‘Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number’
in the ‘Definitions’ section of DS 30-01.

5.3.4 Bubbler Tubing

The level monitoring equipment shall comprise a water bubbler monitoring tube and gauge complying
with the relevant requirements contained in Section 2 for ‘Condition Monitoring’. The bubbler tube
sensor end shall be taped to the commencement of the column i.e. immediately above the pump.
Strapping tape and bubbler tube shall comply with Clauses 4.4.4 and 4.4.5 of this Standard
respectively.
NOTES:
1. A ground water level dip tape and duct cannot generally be fitted as there is no provision for it in the discharge head
which is normally a cast iron proprietary item.
2. Similarly a level transmitter and duct cannot generally be fitted as there is no provision for it in the discharge head.
Further the level transmitter requires electric power which is not available on most lineshaft borehole pump
applications which are normally diesel engine driven.

5.4 Discharge Head

5.4.1 Discharge Head Features
The discharge head shall comply with the following:
(a) Heavy duty construction manufactured from close-grained cast iron;
(b) Designed to support the mass of the pump and gearbox and to withstand the transmission forces
and associated vibration associated with a diesel engine driver;
(c) Precision machined, true to line and concentric;
(d) Provide accurate location and alignment of the right angle drive gearbox and drive shaft;
(e) Incorporate a precision machined, fully adjustable packed gland fitted with a high grade
packing complying with the requirements of the ‘Seals – Packed Glands’ section contained in
DS 30-02 (refer to Notes);
(f) Incorporate an integral or detachable baseplate with a machined bottom face and precision
machined internal screwing to accommodate the top discharge column section. The baseplate
shall be provided with holding down bolt holes;
(g) Provision of large hand-holes opposite each other to facilitate access to the packed gland;
(h) Incorporate a discharge flange complying with AS 4087;
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(i) Incorporate provision for a water level bubbler monitoring tube assembly complete with a
sealing gland where the tube exits the discharge head. The bubbler tube shall terminate in a
‘Swagelok’ quick connector and mounting bracket fitted to the discharge head;
(j) Incorporate a DN 25 BSP casing vent fitted with a DN 25 bronze ‘Y’ strainer oriented
horizontally.
NOTES:
1. A mechanical seal would be preferred providing it is an option available from the pump manufacturer.
2. Refer also to the Clause ‘Discharge Head Sealing’ in this section of the Standard.

5.4.2 Discharge Head Sealing

The discharge head with the exception of the packed gland (refer to Note below) shall be sealed at the
bore head to an IP 67 rating in accordance with AS 60529 as follows:
(a) Where the discharge head is mounted directly onto the concrete apron it shall be placed onto a
bed of high strength, non-shrink flexible epoxy grout suitable for potable water use. An
elastomeric gasket shall be placed between the grout and discharge head (or secondary
baseplate). The baseplate shall not be grouted-in as it has to be removed periodically for
maintenance purposes;
(b) Where the discharge head is installed directly onto a fabricated steel baseplate (separate or in
common with diesel engine), which in turn is mounted onto the concrete apron, it shall be
designed to provide a sealed system at the bore head end. The sealing system shall provide:
(i) grout sealing of the fabricated baseplate to the concrete apron;
(ii) enclosure and sealing of the fabricated baseplate at the discharge head end;
(iii) provision of a removable secondary mounting plate under the discharge head that fits
onto the baseplate with a sealant;
(iv) provision of a resilient gasket between the discharge head baseplate and the secondary
baseplate.
NOTE: It is not considered practicable or necessary to address sealing of the packed gland in the discharge head,
other than possible provision of a mechanical seal, providing it is an option available from the pump
manufacturer. Provision of the pump foot valve eliminates backflow of the water down the discharge column
and therefore the admission of potentially contaminated air via the packed gland.

5.5 Right Angle Gearbox

The right angle gearbox shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) Designed to withstand the transmission forces and associated vibration from the diesel engine;
(b) Heavy duty construction utilizing high tensile strength, close grained castings;
(c) Precision machined components, true to line and concentric;
(d) Provide accurate location and alignment with the discharge head and drive shaft;
(e) Heavy duty anti-friction ball or roller bearings;
(f) Case hardened alloy steel bevel gear and pinion, lapped in pairs;
(g) High tensile strength alloy steel input and output shafts;
(h) A robust and positive anti-reverse ratchet;
(i) Air-cooled heat exchanger;
(j) Pressure type lubrication;
(k) Input and output shaft fitted with elastomeric spring type or lip type oil seals;
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(k) Oil level sight glass or level plug, filler plug and drain plug;
(l) Lifting points to facilitate installation and removal;
(m) High efficiency e.g. exceeding 95%.

5.6 Engine to Gearbox Transmission

5.6.1 Universal Drive Shaft
The transmission drive shall be via a proprietary industrial rated heavy duty universal drive shaft. The
operating angle should be between 2° and 3° maximum (for reciprocating engines) to initiate joint
needle bearing rotation.

5.6.2 Drive Couplings

The drive couplings shall be manufactured from solid high tensile strength steel or cast iron. The
couplings shall be accurately machined with keyways for connection to the gearbox input shaft and
the engine output shaft. A precision machined spigot and tapped holes shall be provided on each
coupling to accommodate the universal drive shaft flanges.

5.6.3 Clutch
Large diesel engines shall incorporate a clutch to enable uncoupled engine warming up and cooling
down periods.

5.6.4 Safety Guards

All exposed rotating engine and pump components, or other hazardous components (hot exhaust)
shall be guarded to provide protection to operators and other personnel.
A robust safety guard(s) shall be provided for the transmission shafts and couplings in accordance
with ‘Guards’ section of DS 30-02.

5.7 Driver
5.7.1 Electric Motor
Electric motor drives are not addressed in this Standard as the pump would normally be diesel engine
driven for new installations.

5.7.2 Diesel Engine

Engine selection shall comply with the requirements detailed in the Diesel Engines section of DS 35
and the following:
(a) The engine shall be selected in accordance with the power requirements specified in AS 4594
using the relevant derating requirements for altitude, temperature and humidity.
(b) After de-rating and application of any service factors for the transmission e.g. belt or gearbox
the maximum available reserve power available should not exceed 10% (refer Note).
(c) A torque speed curve shall be developed by the Designer taking into account the specific speed
of the pump, the system resistance curve and any relevant valve operation during the starting
run-up.
NOTE Excessive reserve power can lead to light loading of the engine and for diesel engines this can cause glazing
of the cylinders, causing piston blow by and loss of power.

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5.7.3 Baseplate
The diesel engine shall be mounted on a fabricated steel baseplate complying with the design and
construction requirements contained in the ‘Baseplates’ section of DS 30-02.

5.7.4 Fuel Tank

For information relating to the fuel tank and bund refer to the ‘Fuel Tank and Bund for Fixed Diesel
Plant’ section of DS 35.

5.8 Headworks
Aboveground pipework for lineshaft borehole pumps shall comply with Section 7 of this Standard,
which specifies requirements for headworks pipework and collector main connecting pipework, but
shall exclude:
(a) The bore head casing cover assembly;
(b) The headworks 90° bend.

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6 BORE HEAD CASING COVER

6.1 General
This section details the requirements for the bore head casing cover (casing cover) designed for
conventional submersible electric borehole pumps and bore head casing tee (casing tee) for
columnless submersible electric borehole pumps.
The casing cover lower flange shall be bonded and sealed to the apron via a bed of high strength, non-
shrink flexible epoxy grout suitable for potable water use.
NOTE: The bore head casing cover is not relevant for lineshaft borehole pumps which utilize a proprietary flanged
discharge head which forms part of the complete pumpset as detailed in Section 5.

6.2 Casing Cover for Column Type Submersible Borehole Pumps

The casing cover referred to below forms part of the bore head fittings required for column type
submersible electric borehole pumps.

6.2.1 Casing Cover Assembly

The casing cover assembly shall:
(a) Support the maximum static and dynamic loads expected from flexible and non flexible
columns, pipework and pumpsets;
(b) Be designed for the appropriate enclosure rating for the application;
(c) Incorporate a casing cover body as further detailed in this section;
(d) Incorporate a casing cover top plate as further detailed in this section:
(e) Incorporate a cable cover as further detailed in this section (as required)
(f) Incorporate earthing studs in accordance with the ‘Earthing’ clause contained in the General
Design Criteria section of this Standard.

6.2.2 Casing Cover Body

The casing cover body shall:
(a) Be manufactured from:
(i) Schedule 40 mild steel hot dip galvanized to AS/NZS 4680, or
(ii) Schedule 40S stainless steel tube grade 304L to ASTM A269 which has been pickled and
passivated after manufacture in accordance with ASTM A380;
(b) Incorporate non-standard flanges at each end in accordance with the Drawings;
(c) Incorporate:
(i) for non flood-prone applications a cut-out at the top to accommodate the cable gland
assembly (Roxtec or equivalent) as separately detailed in this section;
(ii) for riverbed applications a DN 50 Schedule 40 galvanised pipe to accommodate the cable
connection canister.
(d) Be constructed to the following diameter:
(i) DN500 for headworks ≤DN150, or
(ii) DN700 for headworks ≥DN200;
(e) Be constructed to the following height:
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(i) 400 mm high for flexible column applications in order to accommodate the bore head
roller; or
(ii) 750 mm high for rigid column applications (in order to provide a convenient working
height for servicing requirements);
(f) Incorporate cable cover mounting brackets (as required).
(g) Incorporate a drain plug.

6.2.3 Casing Cover Top Plate

6.2.3.1 General
The casing cover top plate shall comply with the following requirements and as further specified for
the particular bore types as applicable:
(a) Be constructed from grade 316L stainless steel complying with ASTM A240M, pickled and
passivated after manufacture in accordance with ASTM A380;
(b) Be drilled to suit the body top flange and incorporate a flanged outlet stub at the top for
connection to the bore head bend, and an earth stud;
(c) Incorporate an inlet stub below for connection to the pump discharge column.
(d) Incorporate a DN 25 BSP boss for the casing vent which for:
(i) non flood-prone bores shall be fitted with a DN 25 bronze ‘Y’ strainer oriented
horizontally (refer Notes 1 and 2);
(ii) riverbed and flood-plane bores shall be fitted with a normally closed right angle ball
valve complying with SPS 254 and a DN 25 bronze ‘Y’ strainer oriented horizontally at
the valve outlet (refer Notes 2 and 3). A permanent label shall be affixed stating
“VALVE NORMALLY CLOSED”;
(e) Incorporate a lifting facility designed to accommodate the maximum loads expected for flexible
and non flexible columns and pumpsets (including water for rigid column type pumps).
NOTES:
1. Also includes flood-plane bores where the headworks are elevated above flood level (refer Section 3).
2. The casing vent ‘Y’ strainer is required to prevent ingress of contaminants into the borehole.
3. The normally closed isolating ball valve is required to allow release of vacuum within the bore in order to reset the
WRL before taking bubbler readings (riverbed and immersed flood-plane bores only).

6.2.3.2 Non Flood-Prone Bores

In addition to the items in the General clause above the top plate shall:
(a) Incorporate DN 40 BSP boss for the level transmitter (Note 1);
(b) Incorporate DN 40 BSP boss for the dip tape (Note 1);
NOTES:
1. Level transmitter and dip tape conduits would only be fitted where space permits.
2. The bubbler tube exits through the cable gland rather than through the casing cover top (as required for riverbed and
immersed flood-plane bores) which would otherwise produce an increased OSH installation risk.
3. The above requirements would equally apply to flood-plane bores where the headworks are raised above the flood
level.

6.2.3.3 Immersed Flood-Plane Bores

In addition to the items in the General clause above the top plate shall:
(a) Incorporate DN 40 BSP boss for the level transmitter (refer Note);

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(b) Incorporate DN 40 BSP boss for the dip tape (refer Note);
(c) Incorporate a removable gland plate incorporating bosses sized to accommodate the power
cable(s), earth cable and level transmitter cable (if fitted) and bubbler tube.
NOTE: Level transmitter and dip tape conduits would only be fitted where space permits. The level transmitter would
have to be protected for flooded conditions.

6.2.3.4 Riverbed Bores

In addition to the items in the General clause above the top plate shall incorporate a DN 10 BSP
tapping for the bubbler tube (refer Notes).
NOTES:
1. A level transmitter is not normally fitted to riverbed bores.
2. The bubbler tube to be protected by a copper pipe.

6.2.4 Cable Sealing

6.2.4.1 Cable Gland for Non Flood-Prone Bores
The cable gland shall be designed to accommodate the motor power cables, earth cable, RTD cable
(where applicable) and bubbler monitoring tube. The cable gland shall be a Roxtec or equivalent,
rated to IP 67 in accordance with AS 60529.
The cable gland dimensions and module sizes cannot be standardised for all bores because the cable
size depends on the motor size. Accordingly the cable and module size shall be determined by the
Designer for each bore on a project by project basis.
6.2.4.2 Cable Gland for Artesian and Immersed Flood-Plane Bores
This arrangement shall apply to artesian bores, and to flood-plane bores where other options such as
raising the bore head casing cover above the flood level are not feasible (e.g. elevated pad or platform
per Section 3 of this Standard). Accordingly a bore head casing cover incorporating a multi-gland
plate shall be fitted as detailed in the following:
(a) The gland(s) shall comply with an IP 68 rating to AS 60529;
(b) The cable gland(s) shall accommodate the power cable(s), earth cable and level transmitter
cable (if fitted) and bubbler tube;
(c) The cable gland bosses shall be incorporated into a detachable plate with resilient gasket bolted
to the bore head casing cover top plate.
Where a bore is sited in a flood-plane area and an IP 68 rated cable gland option is to be used the
following shall apply:
(d) Switchboards shall be raised above the flood level via a roofed elevated platform located as
close as practicable to the bore head;
(e) The platform shall incorporate a slack cable pit and decontactor cubicle for the motor drop
cable.
6.2.4.3 Cable Connection Canister for River Bed Bores
The electric cable connection canister shall be:
(a) Designed to accommodate a single cable for a maximum submersible electric motor size of up
to 50 kW;
(b) Designed for an IP 68 rating in accordance with AS 60529 for a 15 m submergence for 72
hours;
(c) Designed to enable air to be trapped within the canister to isolate it from the bore water;

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(d) Designed to facilitate simple connection of the electric drop cable to the above ground power
cable;
(e) Manufactured from:
(i) mild steel, which shall be hot dip galvanized in accordance with AS 4680 after
manufacture, or
(ii) stainless steel grade 316 to ASTM A480M which has been pickled and passivated after
manufacture in accordance with ASTM A380.
NOTES:
1. The cable connection canister is specifically designed for riverbed bore sites subject to relatively high levels of
submergence and fast flowing waters e.g. Gascoyne River with the switchboard located remotely on the riverbank
above flood level. Riverbed bores are limited to pumpsets ≤50 kW.
2. The installation should incorporate a slack cable provision to facilitate withdrawal at 90º to the canister.

3. The cable connection canister has been used in Carnarvon for some 25 years without major problems and accordingly
the design is deemed to comply with IP 68 to AS 60529. Condensation has not been an issue.

6.2.5 Protective Cable Cover

Where required (refer Note) a protective cable cover shall be fitted to the bore head casing cover
assembly. The cable cover shall be:
(a) Designed to protect electric power and monitoring cables, bubbler tube and vent from
vandalism, or impact damage from flood debris in flood-prone areas;
(b) Designed for quick and easy removal (incorporating a pad lockable feature if necessary to deter
unauthorized removal) in order to gain access to the bubbler monitoring point and the casing
vent isolating valve;
(c) Constructed from:
(i) mild steel which shall be hot dip galvanized in accordance with AS 4680 after
manufacture, or
(ii) stainless steel complying with ASTM A480M grade 304, which has been pickled and
passivated after manufacture in accordance with ASTM A380; or
(iii) 3 mm aluminium sheet complying with ASTM B209 grade 5005 H34.
NOTE: A protective cover is not necessarily required for a bore site where a security compound has been provided to
exclude access by unauthorized personnel.

6.3 Casing Tee for Columnless Submersible Borehole Pumps

The casing tee referred to below forms part of the bore head fittings required for columnless type
submersible electric borehole pumps.
NOTE: Columnless bores are not sited in flood prone areas so the casing cover, headworks pipework and fittings
need only comply with an immersion rating of IP 67.

6.3.1 Casing Tee Assembly

The bore head casing tee assembly shall:
(a) Be designed to support the maximum static and dynamic loads expected from pumpsets;
(b) Be designed for an enclosure rating of IP 67 in accordance with AS 60529;
(c) Incorporate a casing (tee) body as further detailed in this section;
(d) Incorporate a casing (tee) top plate as further detailed in this section;
(e) Incorporate a cable cover as further detailed in this section (as required)
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(f) Incorporate earthing studs in accordance with the ‘Earthing’ clause contained in the General
Design Criteria section of this Standard.

6.3.2 Casing Tee Body

The casing tee body shall:
(a) Comprise a flanged tee with the off-take configured in the horizontal position;
(b) Be manufactured from DN 400 Schedule 40S stainless steel pipe, grade 316L complying with
ASTM A269, which has been pickled and passivated after manufacture in accordance with
ASTM A380;
(c) Incorporate DN 400 flanges;
(d) Incorporate cable cover brackets (as required).

6.3.3 Casing Tee Top Plate

The casing tee top plate shall:
(a) Be constructed from grade 316L stainless steel complying with ASTM A240M, pickled and
passivated after manufacture in accordance with ASTM A380;
(b) Be drilled to suit the body flanges;
(c) Incorporate a DN 50 BSP boss for the casing air valve;
(d) Incorporate a DN 15 BSP boss for the vacuum breaker;
(e) Incorporate a tapped boss to accommodate the electric cable gland;
(f) Incorporate a support frame for the HV motor cable;
(g) Incorporate a fitting to accommodate the DN 50 stainless steel hanger pipe;
(h) Incorporate lifting arrangement designed to accommodate the maximum loads expected for
pumpset and packer assembly.

6.3.4 Cable Gland

The cable which passes through the casing tee top plate shall be sealed with a minimum IP 67 rated
gland complying with AS 60529.
NOTE: Cable glands normally comply with a minimum immersion rating of IP 68.

6.3.5 Protective Cable Cover

Where required a protective cable cover shall be fitted and shall comply with the relevant parts of the
‘Protective Cable Cover’ section contained in Section 6.2.5 of this Standard.

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7 PIPEWORK AND ANCILLARIES

7.1 General
(a) Pipework in this section refers to the aboveground headworks and collector main pipework, and
also buried pipework connecting the bore head to the headworks pipework for river bed
applications;
(b) The pipe specials and ancillaries contained in this section have been specified in consecutive
order, commencing immediately downstream from the bore head casing cover, casing tee or
discharge head (lineshaft pumps). Table 8.1 in Section 8 provides a summary of the pumpset
type and associated pipework and ancillary combinations to assist in clarification
(c) In the case of riverbed applications a virgin main, buried in the river bed, shall connect from the
bore head to the headworks pipework located beyond the river bank and above the flood level.
The main shall be buried to protect it from damaging floodwaters.
(d) In vandal-prone locations such as parks and reserves vulnerable components shall be protected
and manual operating equipment such as valves shall be rendered inaccessible and/or
inoperable to unauthorised personnel (refer Section 3.1 (g)).
(e) Headworks pipework and ancillaries shall be installed at a nominal working height of between
900 mm and 1100 mm depending on the pump type (refer Table 8.1) referenced to the top of
the non return valve (refer note regarding lineshaft pumps).
(f) Pipework flanged connections which are of dissimilar metals shall incorporate appropriate
isolation to prevent galvanic corrosion.
NOTE: For lineshaft pumps other factors may dictate the working height e.g. accommodating the discharge head
dimensions and engine drive.

7.2 Design and Manufacture

(a) Pipework design shall comply with the relevant requirements of AS 4041, Class 2P;
(b) The maximum flow velocities shall not exceed 2.5 m/s for the discharge pipework;
(c) Pickling and passivation of stainless steel pipework shall comply with WS-1. Where pipework
component internal welds (threadolets, sockets, offtakes etc) are inaccessible using the brushing
technique the pipework shall be acid dipped.
(d) Pipework shall be coated (where applicable) in accordance with the requirements of the
‘Coatings’ section of DS 30-02. Stainless steel pipe specials and appurtenances shall not be
coated other than where colour coding bands or identification labels are required.
(e) Fabricated pipework shall be hydrostatically tested in accordance with AS 4037. Water used for
testing shall be clean and non-corrosive in accordance with Clause 17.3.1(b) of AS 4037.

7.3 Headworks Pipework

7.3.1 Pipework, Valves and Appurtenances
For additional information relating to pipework, valves and appurtenances refer to the DS 31-01 and
DS 31-02 respectively.

7.3.2 Standard Headworks Pipework Sizes

The nominal pipework diameters shown in the following tables should be adopted.

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Table 7.1 – Standard Copper and Stainless Steel Headworks Pipe Sizes
Pipework Dia - mm Velocity Flow Range
Nominal Actual I/D m/s L/s ML/d
I/D
Copper1 S/steel1 Copper S/steel Copper S/steel
50 48.4 52.48 2.5 0 - 4.5 0 - 5.5 0 - 0.4 0 – 0.5
80 73.0 77.92 2.5 4.6 - 10.5 5.6 – 12.0 0.5 - 0.9 0.6 – 1.0
100 97.6 102.26 2.5 10.6 – 18.7 12.1 - 20.5 1.0 – 1.6 1.1 – 1.8
150 - 154.06 2.5 - 20.6 - 46.8 - 1.9 – 4.0
200 - 202.82 2.5 - 46.9 - 80.8 - 4.1 – 7.6
250 - 254.51 2.5 - 80.9 - 127.2 - 7.7 – 11.0
300 - 304.79 2.5 - 127.3 - 182.4 - 11.1 – 15.8
400 - 387.36 2.5 - 182.5 - 294.6 - 15.9 – 25.5

NOTES:
1. Flow calculations based on actual I/Ds for Type B copper for sizes ≤DN 80, Type A for size DN 100 and schedule
40S stainless steel.
2. The shaded rows highlight the overlap with respect to MSCL pipework (Table below), which would normally be
used.

Table 7.2 – Standard MSCL Headworks Pipe Sizes

Pipework Dia - mm Velocity m/s Flow Range
Nominal I/D Actual I/D L/s ML/d
200 191 2.5 52.0 - 71.6 4.4 - 6.2
250 245 2.5 71.7 - 117.9 6.3 - 10.2
300 290 2.5 118.0 -165.1 10.3 -14.3
400 372 2.5 165.2 - 271.7 14.4 - 23.5

NOTE: Flow calculations based on Actual I/Ds and a velocity of 2.5 m/s.

7.3.3 Pipe Specials

(a) Pipe special materials shall be manufactured from either:
(i) copper complying with the relevant parts of AS 1432 (refer Note 1);
(ii) stainless steel complying with ASTM A312M grade 316L (refer Note 2), for pipe sizes
≤DN 150;
(ii) MSCL for pipe sizes DN 200 and greater. MSCL bends and other pipe specials shall be
flanged to facilitate restoration of cement mortar lining after fabricating (refer Note 3);
(b) Copper pipe shall not be exposed to a pressure greater than the relevant safe working pressure
Psw shown in Table C2 of AS 1432 for the pipe type selected e.g. DN 80 Type B - Psw = 1520
kPa and DN 100 Type A - Psw = 1500 kPa
(c) Horizontal pipe specials shall incorporate various tapped bosses and flanged stubs as identified
in the following clause and detailed later in this Standard;
(d) Pipe specials shall be flanged in accordance with AS 4087 unless otherwise specified;

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(e) Pipe specials shall be manufactured to standard dimensions and diameters;

(f) Earth studs shall be fitted on pipe specials as required to enable compliance with the ‘Earthing’
clause contained in the General Design Criteria section of this Standard.
NOTES:
1. Copper would be acceptable where water quality was suitable and where there was a preference for copper
because of field jointing constraints that would otherwise apply to stainless steel (refer Note 2).
2. Stainless steel pipe specials should be fully manufactured before delivery to site. This is to obviate the
requirement for pickling and passivation which cannot be readily undertaken on site for OSH and process
reasons. If this is unavoidable the fitting should be modified on site then returned for pickling and
passivation. Alternatively the components could be manufactured in copper.

3. DN 200 is the minimum size considered suitable to allow cement mortar lining reinstatement.

7.3.4 Tapping Points

(a) The following tapping points shall be provided on the headworks pipework. They are listed in
consecutive order downstream from the bore head:
(i) vacuum breaker (refer Note 1);
(ii) bore head air valve (refer Note 1);
(iii) water sampling (refer Note 1);
(iv) headworks pressure gauge;
(v) pressure transmitter;
(vi) sand sampling;
(vii) conductivity meter;
(viii) collector main air valve;
(ix) collector main pressure gauge;
(x) chlorine injection (as required).
(b) All tapping points shall be located outside the 10 and 5 diameters of straight pipe length
upstream and downstream respectively from the magnetic flow meter.
(c) All water abstracted from the bore shall be subject to measurement in accordance with DoW
requirements. Accordingly potential water take-off points shall be located downstream of the
magnetic flowmeter. The bore head air valve and water sampling point (refer Note) shall be the
only tapping points located upstream of the flowmeter.
(d) Where applicable tapping points shall be threadolet type manufactured from the same material
as the pipework.
NOTES:
1. In order to minimise the potential for ‘draw off’ of unmetered water the air valve, vacuum breaker and water
sampling point are the only tappings permitted upstream of the flowmeter and are required to be located at these
locations for operational purposes.
2. The water sampling point should be located as close to the bore head as possible to minimize the effect of instability.

7.3.5 Bore Head Flanged Bend

The bore head bend applies to column type submersible electric borehole pump applications only, as
follows:
(a) A 90° flanged bend shall be fitted to the bore head casing cover (except riverbed applications);
(b) Riverbed applications shall employ two 45° bends to allow the pipework to be buried in the
river bed for protection immediately downstream of the casing cover;
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(c) Where 45º bends are used to achieve the correct working height for the headworks they shall be
double flanged for MSCL applications.
NOTE: The bore head flanged bend is not relevant for columnless submersible electric or lineshaft borehole pumps.
Columnless borehole pumps utilize a flanged bore head tee fitted directly onto the production casing.
Lineshaft borehole pumps utilize a proprietary discharge head incorporating an integral flanged bend. In both
instances the headworks pipework take-off is via a horizontal flange.

7.3.6 Bore Head Tapped Pipe Special

This pipe special is the commencement of pipework common to submersible electric column type or
lineshaft borehole pumps, being located immediately downstream of the bore head flanged bend (refer
Note), or flanged discharge head as appropriate.
NOTE: The bore head flanged bend may be combined with all or part of the bore head tapped pipe special.

7.3.6.1 Vacuum Breaker Tapping

For non-flood prone bores a DN 15 vacuum breaker (snifter valve) shall be fitted to a DN 15 tapping
point upstream of the bore head air valve.
Riverbed bores shall not be fitted with a vacuum breaker.
For flood-plane bores subject to immersion a continuously rising metallic pipe shall be run from the
DN 15 tapping to the switchboard platform and fixed above the flood level at an accessible location.
A vacuum breaker shall be fitted to the pipe end at the platform.
7.3.6.2 Bore Head Air Valve Tapping
At the bore head, a one-way ‘air release only’ air valve, suitable for submerged operation in flood
conditions to a depth of 10 m (ARI BARAK or equivalent), shall be fitted in accordance with the
requirements specified in the following clauses. For further air valve information refer to the Clause
on ‘Air Valves’ in Section 2 of this Standard and DS 31-02. Air valves shall comply with SPS 200.
For non-flood prone bores the bore head tapped pipe special shall incorporate a DN 25 or DN 50 BSP
tapping (depending on air valve size) for the bore head air valve located on top of the pipe special and
fitted with an isolating ball valve complying with SPS 252.
Riverbed bores shall not be fitted with a bore head air valve
For flood-plane bores the bore head tapped pipe special shall incorporate a DN 25 or DN 50 BSP
tapping (depending on air valve size) for the bore head air valve located on top of the pipe special.
The tapping shall be fitted with an isolating ball valve complying with SPS 252.
NOTES:
1. The ideal working height for servicing the air valve (an infrequent requirement) of 1100 mm is not feasible for
pipework ≥DN150. Therefore a portable platform or some other safe means would need to be provided to access the
air valve.
2. Use of a one-way ‘air release only’ air valve disables the vacuum breaker function necessitating use of a separate
vacuum breaker e.g. snifter valve.
3. For non flood-prone bores an acceptable alternative to the one-way ‘air release only’ air valve and snifter valve
combination would be an air release and vacuum breaker valve fitted with a Y-strainer.
4. For columnless pumps the air valve tapping point is provided on the casing tee top plate.

7.3.6.3 Water Sampling Point

A DN 20 tapping shall be provided on the side of the pipe special for the purpose of attaching a stand-
alone water sampling point which is referred to in Section 2 of this Standard relating to ‘Condition
Monitoring’. The tapping shall be fitted with a needle valve and a simple gooseneck. The water
sampling point shall be fitted with a lockable cover. The location of the tapping shall be upstream of
the non return valve and at a nominal working height complying with Clause 7.1(e).
NOTE: A sparge is not required because pipework is designed for a velocity 2.5 m/s.

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7.3.7 Non Return Valve

A non return valve (NRV) shall be fitted to the headworks and located 5D of straight pipe
downstream from the 90º or 45º bend (whichever is the case). The NRV shall comply with the
following requirements:
(a) For DN 50 pipework a dual plate wafer type NRV complying with SPS 226;
(b) For pipework ≥DN 80:
(i) a double flanged ductile cast iron resilient disc non return valve complying with SPS
223, or
(ii) a non-slam type NRV complying with SPS 230. This type of valve would only usually be
used where water hammer analysis identifies the need for an NRV with low slam
characteristics.
NOTES:
1. The headworks NRV is required to be fitted in addition to the pump NRV to prevent drainage of the collector main in
the event of pump NRV failure and also to isolate collector main surges from the bore column and pumpset;
2. The headworks NRV is located upstream of the magnetic flowmeter in order to keep it and associated pipework
flooded under all conditions;
3. Ductile iron resilient disc non return valves are preferred over the dual plate wafer type because: their internals can be
serviced from the top without removal of the valve from the pipeline; lower pressure drop characteristics and less
susceptible to failure compared with dual plate types. These valves are limited to DN 80 therefore requiring a dual
flap NRV for DN 50 pipework.

7.3.8 Abstraction Flowmeter

7.3.8.1 General
The headworks pipework shall be fitted with a flowmeter located downstream of the non return valve
for Corporation operational and DoW abstraction monitoring purposes. The flowmeter shall also
provide an alarm and protection function for the bore pump as detailed in “Condition Monitoring –
Magnetic Flowmeter” contained in Section 2 of this Standard.
7.3.8.2 Technical Requirements
The abstraction flowmeter shall comply with DS 40-09, the relevant parts of DoW “Guidelines for
water meter installation 2009”, relevant parts of ATS 4747 and the following:
(a) It shall be a magnetic full bore type complying with ATS 4747.2;
(b) Suitable for low flow/no flow conditions;
(c) The same diameter as the adjacent pipework;
(d) Located in pipework that it is always full of water (Note 1);
(e) Installed as close as possible to the abstraction point except for riverbed applications and
upstream of any tees, takeoffs, diversions or branches in order to record all water abstracted
from the bore;
(f) Installed above ground and in the case of riverbed applications locate the meter and other
headworks components on the riverbank above the flood level;
(g) Treated to provide an IP 68 rating to AS 60529 for flood-prone bore sites;
(h) Installed in accordance with ATS 4747.5 and located in the pipework so that there are a
minimum of 10 diameters of straight pipe immediately upstream of the flowmeter and a
minimum of 5 diameters of straight pipe immediately downstream of the flowmeter (Note 2);
(i) Protected from direct sunlight;

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(j) Accurate to within ± 2½% when tested under laboratory conditions and ± 5% for in-situ testing
conditions in accordance with DoW requirements and ATS 4747.8 (refer Notes 3 and 4).
(k) Related instrumentation components shall be rated for the ambient conditions e.g. relatively
high summer temperatures existing in the North West regions.
NOTES:
1. The magnetic flowmeter is located downstream of the surface non return valve in order to remain submerged under
all operating conditions e.g. in the event of the use of an upstream air valve.
2. The upstream and downstream straight pipe lengths are a DoW requirement in accordance with Australian Technical
Standard ATS 4747 (and DS 40-09). ATS 4747.5 specifies the straight pipe lengths to the manufacturer’s
specifications shown from the vertical centreline of valves and the meter (e.g. not necessarily the connecting flanges).
The Corporation specifies flange-to-flange pipe lengths for new works which exceeds DoW requirements. This
Standard specifies 10 D x 5D to cover a worst case scenario e.g. a 5D x 3D meter can be later changed to a 10D x 5D
meter without having to extend the headworks pipework.
3. Verification of accuracy of magnetic flowmeters in-situ should be conducted in accordance with Corporation Generic
Work Instruction No. E00016
4. Currently older style magnetic flow meters require "simulation” calibration of the active electronic components at 12
month intervals and newer style magnetic flow meters "verification" calibration at commissioning and thereafter
yearly for first two years, then at 5 years if demonstrated to be stable at the previous "simulations". The latter interval
should be reviewed as these types of meters age. This methodology has been accepted by the DoW in their letter
WT1609 of 8/2/2011.

7.3.8.3 Flowmeters for Non AC Powered Bore Sites

For remote non AC powered bore sites that are rarely visited the magnetic flowmeter shall be low
power requirement type designed to operate via an internal battery which shall be charged via a
battery charger system operated from an external source e.g. solar or the pumpset diesel engine
alternator. The flowmeter shall be a Siemens SITRANS FM MAG 8000W or equivalent.
NOTE:
For non AC powered bore sites that are regularly visited there is no need to provide a battery charging system as the battery
can be replaced periodically e.g. annually, or as required (by incorporating a low battery voltage indicator).

7.3.9 Central Headworks Tapped Pipe Special

This pipe special is located downstream of the flowmeter and incorporates the following tappings.
7.3.9.1 Headworks Pressure Gauge Tapping
A DN 15 BSP tapping shall be provided on the top of the pipe special located ≥5 pipe diameters
downstream of the magnetic flowmeter and comply with the following:
(a) The pressure gauge tapping shall be fitted with a DN 15 ball valve complying with SPS 252;
(b) Pressure gauges shall comply with the ‘Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauges for Water Service’
section of DS 31-02;
(c) For vandal-prone areas valves shall comply with Clause 3.1(g)(iv).
NOTE: The purpose of the pressure gauge tapping is to enable pump performance testing.

7.3.9.2 Pressure Transmitter Tapping

A DN 25 BSP tapping shall be provided on the side of the pipe special immediately downstream of
the headworks pressure gauge tapping to enable connection of the pressure transmitter tapping. The
tapping shall be fitted with a DN 25 ball valve complying with SPS 252 and plugged.
For vandal-prone areas valves shall comply with Clause 3.1(g)(ii).
7.3.9.3 Sand Sampling Point
A DN 50 flanged stub located on the side of the pipe special shall be provided for sand sampling. The
sand sampling point shall be located downstream of the pressure transmitter tapping.
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7.3.9.4 Conductivity Meter Tapping

(a) A DN 50 BSP conductivity tapping point shall be provided downstream of the sand sampling
point and fitted with a plug. Where a conductivity meter is to be fitted the tapping point shall be
bushed to accommodate the ¾” NPT male or ISO 7 – I/R ¾ male sensor.
(b) Pipework ≤DN 80 shall be fitted with an expanded section of pipe to accommodate the sensor.
The Designer shall determine the required pipe and fittings required to accommodate the
conductivity sensor length when fitted to the tapping point.

7.3.10 Control Valve

7.3.10.1 Pressure Sustaining Valve
Where low or negative back pressure in the collector main is likely a pressure sustaining valve shall
be provided downstream of the conductivity tapping point. Pressure sustaining valves shall be:
(a) Located a minimum of 10D of straight pipe downstream of the magnetic flowmeter.
(b) Located preferably 7D (minimum of 5D) of straight pipe upstream from the isolating valve if it
is a butterfly valve (or a gate valve could be provided instead).
7.3.10.2 Flow Control Valve
Where it is necessary to:
(a) Control production flows to ensure that WPLs are not exceeded; and
(b) A pressure sustaining valve is not provided;
Then a wafer type flow control valve (Maric or equivalent) shall be provided downstream of the
conductivity tapping point.

7.3.11 Scour
Where required for operational purposes (refer Note 1) the headworks shall incorporate a scour to
enable bore flushing and pump performance testing. The scour shall comprise a line size branch off-
take and isolating valve as follows:
(a) The takeoff tee for the scour shall be provided downstream of the conductivity tapping point (or
where provided, downstream of the control valve);
(b) A stainless steel orifice plate or wafer flow control valve (Maric or equivalent) shall be fitted to
the scour for susceptible bores to restrict the flow from the pump in order to avoid over-
pumping when scouring (refer Note 2);
(c) Scour isolating valve shall be a butterfly valve as follows (refer Note 3):
(i) for pipe sizes ≤DN 150 the scour outlet pipe shall be fitted with a lugged manually
operated butterfly valve complying with SPS 260 located immediately after the scour
branch tee;
(ii) for pipe sizes ≥DN 200 the scour outlet pipe shall be fitted with a lugged or double
flanged) manually operated butterfly valve complying with SPS 260 or SPS 261
respectively located immediately after the scour branch tee;
(iii) for vandal-prone areas valves shall comply with Clause 3.1(g)(ii);
(d) Scour discharge pipework shall be run to an underground sump or to self draining open ground
as appropriate. The open ground discharge point shall be designed to prevent soil erosion
during operation of the scour.
NOTES:

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1. Some bore headworks do not incorporate a scour however are provided with an alternative scour point nearby in the
collector main.
2. An orifice plate or flow control valve on scour is not required where a flow control valve or pressure sustaining valve is
installed upstream on the main headworks pipeline.
3. Use of a butterfly valve as the scour isolating valve allows throttling to facilitate bore flow and pump performance
testing.

7.3.12 Isolating Valve

An isolating butterfly valve shall be provided on the pipeline located downstream of the conductivity
tapping point (or where provided, downstream of the control valve and scour offtake) as follows:
(a) For pipe sizes ≤DN 150 a lugged manually operated butterfly valve complying with SPS 260
shall be fitted;
(b) For pipe sizes ≥DN 200 a lugged or double flanged) manually operated butterfly valve
complying with SPS 260 or SPS 261 respectively shall be fitted;
(c) For vandal-prone areas valves shall comply with Clause 3.1(g)(ii).
NOTE: Alternatively a gate valve may be used for the isolating valve (also refer Section 7.3.10.1).

7.4 Collector Main Pipework

7.4.1 Collector Main Tapped Pipe Special
This pipe special shall incorporate an air valve and a pressure gauge tapping for the collector main as
detailed in the following.
7.4.1.1 Collector Main Air Valve Tapping
A DN 25 or DN 50 tapping (depending on air valve size) shall be provided on the top of the pipe
special upstream of the first collector main bend to allow fitting of a collector main air valve refer
Note). The tapping shall be fitted with an isolating ball valve complying with SPS 252.
An ‘air release only’ air valve, suitable for submerged operation in flood conditions to a depth of 10
m (AMIAD BARAK or equivalent), shall be fitted to the ball valve (for further information refer to
the Clause on ‘Air Valves’ in Section 2 of this Standard and DS 31-02). Air valves shall comply with
SPS 200.
NOTE: The collector main air valve is required to prevent air accumulation (from dissolved gas or air carry-over from
the bore head air valve) in the pipework which otherwise could adversely affect the accuracy of the
abstraction flowmeter.

7.4.1.2 Collector Main Pressure Gauge Tapping

A DN 15 BSP tapping shall be provided on the top of the pipe special immediately upstream of the
first collector main bend in order to obtain collector main pressure readings. The tapping should be
fitted with a DN 15 ball valve complying with SPS 252 and plugged. Where fitted the pressure gauge
shall comply with the ‘Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauges for Water Service’ section of DS 31-02.

7.4.2 Collector Main Flanged Bends

One above ground 90° flanged long radius bend; and one below ground 90° flanged long radius bend
shall be provided on the collector main for non pigging installations downstream of the pressure
gauge tapping.
Below ground metallic pipework shall be primed and then externally wrapped with System B in
accordance with Coating Specification L1. The tape shall extend a minimum of 100mm above the
finished ground level. This wrapping system shall be applied for the purpose of corrosion prevention
on all below ground metallic pipework unless it can be demonstrated in a specific application that it is
not required.
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NOTE: 45 º bends are not preferred as they are a potential tripping hazard above ground.

7.4.3 Pigging Tee Pipework

Where a pigging tee is required it shall replace the above ground 90° flanged bend on the collector
main and comply with the following:
7.4.3.1 Pigging Tee
A flanged pigging tee shall be provided as required for Metropolitan bores installed in shallow
aquifers subject to iron bacteria presence as follows;
(a) It shall comply with the relevant pats of the ‘Pipework’ section above;
(b) The tee shall be line size and incorporate a blank flange on the upper tee end;
NOTE:
Country borehole pump headworks don’t require pigging tees as air scouring is used in lieu of pigging.

7.4.3.2 Isolating Gate Valve

Collector mains incorporating a pigging tee shall be provided with an additional isolating valve in the
collector main pipeline which shall be located downstream of the below ground long bend. The gate
valve shall be buried with the spindle vertical and comply with SPS 272.
NOTES:
1. The isolating gate valve is required downstream of the pigging tee to enable isolation of the collector main to allow
insertion of the pig. A gate valve is required to facilitate passing of the pig.
2. The isolating BV upstream of the pigging tee is required for OSH reasons in order to provide isolation from the pump
whilst pigging.

7.4.4 Chlorine Injection Point

Chlorine injection points shall comply with the following:
(a) Only fitted to the pipework as required;
(b) The injector shall be removable for cleaning
(c) Location shall be downstream of critical infrastructure to prevent damaging corrosion.

7.5 Pipework Supports and Restraints

Pipework shall incorporate all restraints necessary to withstand hydraulic forces imposed by the pump
and valves and maximum anticipated pressure surges. Pipework supports shall comply with the
requirements of the Pipework Supports section detailed in DS 31-01 and the following.

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8 SUMMARY OF PUMPSET, PIPEWORK AND

ANCILLARIES
The following Table 8.1 provides a summary of the major borehole pumpset components, pipework,
ancillaries and assumptions which are specified in this section of the Standard in order to clarify the
relationships between the various pump types and operating conditions.

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Table 8.1 - Summary of Pumpset, Pipework and Ancillaries

Item Submersible Electric Borehole Pumps
Lineshaft Borehole Pumps
Flexible Column Rigid Column Columnless
Bore site type: Non flood-prone; Flood-prone e.g. immersed flood-plane or riverbed Non flood-prone Non flood-prone
Submersible borehole pumpset: Conventional type Oilfield type Vertical turbine type
· Pumpset technical specification SPS 507 SPS 507 SPS 507 (relevant parts)
· Electric motor or engine drive Low voltage electric motor or High voltage electric motor High voltage electric motor Diesel engine
· Pump non return valve (NRV) Integral or separate pump discharge NRV Usually none (refer 4.2.6) Inlet footvalve and strainer
· Column type Flexible (Wellmaster) with break- GRP (Permaglass) with Kwik- GRP production casing and Steel column incorporating
off plug drainage system lock couplings inflatable packer incorporating stainless steel lineshaft drive
hanger pipe
· Bubbler and LT setting Normally at commencement of column e.g. just above pump NRV; N/A – Uses integrated At start of column (above pump)
monitoring system (Pheonix
NOTE: Large pumpsets ≥ 100kW should CTS monitoring system
ESP)
Casing cover/tee/discharge head: Bore head casing cover Bore head casing tee head Manufacturer’s discharge head
· Height 400 mm 750 mm 1100 mm to top of tee Manufacturer’s standard
· IP rating - IP 67 for non flood-prone bores including non immersed flood- IP 67 IP 67
plane (elevated site);
- IP 68 for immersed flood-plane and riverbed
· Electric motor cable gland Non flood-prone: IP 67 Cable gland assembly (Roxtec or equivalent) IP 67 Cable gland
Artesian, flood-plane: IP 68 Gland plate fitted on casing cover top
Riverbed: Pumps ≤ 50 kW – IP 68 Electric cable connection canister
· Casing vent boss Non flood-prone: Casing vent fitted with bronze ‘Y’ strainer (BYS) No casing vent requirement Discharge head tapping & BYS
Flood-plane and riverbed: Casing vent fitted with ball valve and BYS
· Bubbler tube gland Non flood-prone: Routed through cable gland (Roxtec or equivalent) Routed through IP 67 rated gland
Artesian and flood-plane: Gland plate fitted to the casing cover top
Riverbed: Gland fitted to casing cover top with protective tube

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Item Submersible Electric Borehole Pumps

Lineshaft Borehole Pumps
Flexible Column Rigid Column Columnless
· Level transmitter gland Non flood-prone: Gland located in the casing cover top
Artesian and flood-plane: Gland plate fitted to the casing cover top
Headworks pipework: Working area (for pump removal) ~ 900 mm Working area ~1100 mm Working area ~900 mm
· Working height above apron 900mm - 1100 mm 900 mm (200 mm below T head) ~1100 mm
· Air transfer components: Non flood-prone: Separate AV & VB located on the pipe special Separate AV and VB located on Separate AV & VB fitted to pipe
downstream of bore head bend the casing tee head cover special downstream of the
- Bore head one-way ‘air release only’
discharge head
air valve (AV), and Riverbed: No AV or VB fitted (bosses plugged)
- Vacuum breaker (VB) (snifter valve) Flood plane: Separate AV located on headworks & VB located above
flood level at platform via a pipe
· Water sampling point boss Water sampling point assembly
· Headworks non return valve For DN 50: Dual plate wafer check valve; Double flanged resilient disc Double flanged resilient disc
For ≥ DN 80: Double flanged resilient disc swing check valve swing check valve or Non-slam swing check valve or Non-slam
or: Non-slam NRV NRV NRV
· Abstraction flowmeter (MFM) Non flood-prone: IP 67 MFM IP 67 MFM IP 67 MFM with battery
Immersed conditions: IP 68 treated MFM
· Headworks pressure gauge Tapped boss with ball valve (plugged) located in the pipe special downstream of flowmeter
· Pressure transmitter tapping Tapped boss
· Sand sampling Flanged stub to accommodate sand sampling point
· Conductivity sampling Conductivity sensor tapping (only if required)
· Pressure sustaining (as required) Hydraulically operated automatic control valve complying with SPS 240
· Flow control (as required) Wafer type flow control valve (Maric or equivalent)
· Scour valve For ≤ DN 150: Lugged butterfly valve (BV); DFBV For ≤ DN 150: Lugged BV;
For ≥ DN 200: Lugged or DFBV
For ≥ DN 200: Lugged or double flanged butterfly valve (DFBV)
· Isolating Collector main For ≤ DN 150: Lugged BV; DFBV For ≤ DN 150: Lugged BV;

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Item Submersible Electric Borehole Pumps

Lineshaft Borehole Pumps
Flexible Column Rigid Column Columnless
valve (CM) For ≥ DN 200: lugged or DFBV, upstream of CM bend For ≥ DN 200: lugged or DFBV
Pigging CM Requires an isolating DI gate valve downstream (below ground)
· CM air valve Boss located in the pipe special upstream of CM bend to accommodate one way ‘air release only’ air valve
· CM pressure gauge Boss (plugged) located on top of the pipe special upstream of collector main bend
Condition monitoring equipment Refer to Table 2.1

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APPENDIX A - SCHEDULE OF DRAWINGS

Table A1 –Schedule of Drawings
Drawing Title Drawing Number Status
Common Drawings
Bore Headworks Concrete Slab - DN50 to DN150 LB61-5-1 Current
Bore Headworks Concrete Slab – DN200 and greater LB61-5-2 Current
Bore Design Summary LB61-90-1 Current

Non-Flood Prone Bores

Submersible Electric –Flexible Column
DN 50 Headworks Pipework - General Arrangement LB61-70-1 Current
Stainless Steel 316
Installation Detail LB61-70-2 Current
Casing Cover Specials – LB61-70-3 Current
Fabrication Details
Headworks Pipe Specials – LB61-70-4 Current
Fabrication Details
Water Sampling Point LB61-70-5 Current
Headworks Pipework - General Arrangement LB61-71-1 Current
Copper
Installation Detail LB61-71-2 Current
Casing Cover Specials – LB61-71-3 Current
Fabrication Details
Headworks Pipe Specials – LB61-71-4 Current
Fabrication Details
Water Sampling Point LB61-71-5 Current
DN 80 Headworks Pipework - General Arrangement – Views LB61-72-1-1 Current
Stainless Steel 316
General Arrangement – Notes LB61-72-1-2 Current
Installation Detail LB61-72-2 Current
Casing Cover Specials – LB61-72-3 Current
Fabrication Details
Headworks Pipe Specials – LB61-72-4 Current
Fabrication Details
Water Sampling Point LB61-72-5 Current
Headworks Pipework - General Arrangement – Views LB61-73-1-1 Current
Copper
General Arrangement – Notes LB61-73-1-2 Current
Installation Detail LB61-73-2 Current
Casing Cover Specials – LB61-73-3 Current
Fabrication Details
Headworks Pipe Specials – LB61-73-4 Current
Fabrication Details
Water Sampling Point LB61-73-5 Current
DN 100 Headworks Pipework - General Arrangement - Plan LB61-74-1-1 Current

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Drawing Title Drawing Number Status

Stainless Steel 316 General Arrangement - Elevation LB61-74-1-2 Current
Installation Detail LB61-74-2 Current
Casing Cover Specials – LB61-74-3 Current
Fabrication Details
Headworks Pipe Specials – LB61-74-4 Current
Fabrication Details
Water Sampling Point LB61-74-5 Current
Headworks Pipework - General Arrangement - Plan LB61-75-1-1 Current
Copper
General Arrangement - Elevation LB61-75-1-2 Current
Installation Detail LB61-75-2 Current
Casing Cover Specials – LB61-75-3 Current
Fabrication Details
Headworks Pipe Specials – LB61-75-4 Current
Fabrication Details
Water Sampling Point LB61-75-5 Current
DN 150 Headworks Pipework - General Arrangement LB61-76-1 Current
Stainless Steel 316
Installation Detail LB61-76-2 Current
Casing Cover Specials – LB61-76-3 Current
Fabrication Details
Headworks Pipe Specials – LB61-76-4 Current
Fabrication Details
Water Sampling Point LB61-76-5 Current
Submersible Electric – Rigid Column
DN 50 Headworks Pipework - General Arrangement LB61-77-1 Current
Stainless Steel 316
Installation Detail LB61-77-2 Current
Casing Cover Specials – LB61-77-3 Current
Fabrication Details
Headworks Pipe Specials – LB61-77-4 Current
Fabrication Details
Water Sampling Point LB61-77-5 Current
DN 80 Headworks Pipework - General Arrangement – Views LB61-78-1-1 Current
Stainless Steel 316
General Arrangement – Notes LB61-78-1-2 Current
Installation Detail LB61-78-2 Current
Casing Cover Specials – LB61-78-3 Current
Fabrication Details
Headworks Pipe Specials – LB61-78-4 Current
Fabrication Details
Water Sampling Point LB61-78-5 Current
DN 100 Headworks Pipework - General Arrangement - Plan LB61-79-1-1 Current
Stainless Steel 316
General Arrangement - Elevation LB61-79-1-2 Current
Installation Detail LB61-79-2 Current

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Drawing Title Drawing Number Status

Casing Cover Specials – LB61-79-3 Current
Fabrication Details
Headworks Pipe Specials – LB61-79-4 Current
Fabrication Details
Water Sampling Point LB61-79-5 Current
DN 150 Headworks Pipework - General Arrangement LB61-80-1 Current
Stainless Steel 316
Installation Detail LB61-80-2 Current
Casing Cover Specials – LB61-80-3 Current
Fabrication Details
Headworks Pipe Specials – LB61-80-4 Current
Fabrication Details
Water Sampling Point LB61-80-5 Current
DN 200 Headworks Pipework - General Arrangement - Views LB61-81-1-1 Current
MSCL
General Arrangement – Notes LB61-81-1-2 Current
Installation Detail LB61-81-2 Current
Casing Cover Specials – LB61-81-3 Current
Fabrication Details
Headworks Pipe Specials – LB61-81-4 Current
Fabrication Details
Water Sampling Point LB61-81-5 Current

Flood Plane Bores

Elevated Headworks Pad DN80 General Arrangement TBD N/A
Installation Detail TBD N/A
Elevated Platform DN80 General Arrangement TBD N/A
Installation Detail TBD N/A
IP68 Glanded Borehead Cover DN80 General Arrangement TBD N/A
Installation Detail TBD N/A

River Bed Bores

River Bed DN80 General Arrangement TBD N/A
Installation Detail TBD N/A

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APPENDIX B (Informative) – INSTALLATION OF LEVEL

MONITORING DEVICES
B1 General
The following precautions and measurements should be taken before the installation of the pump,
water level transmitter sensor, bubbler airline and columns in the bore.
• Temperature variation does affect the water level transmitter sensor readings. It is
recommended to leave the sensor in a bucket of water for a while before installation or if
removed.
• A zero check should be taken for the sensor shortly before the installation. This check also
should include the current output from the sensor. Check to see that when suspended in air the
transmitter output is 4mA or 0m H2O.
• Measure each column length prior to installation.
• Measure the height between the top of the pump and the water inlet screen of the pump.

B2 Installation Guidelines
The following represents a step-by-step approach to the installation of the pump, water level
transmitter sensor, bubbler tube and columns in the bore
(a) Measure the water level in the bore from the top of the spool piece (riser), on the bore column,
with a dip tape. A typical dip tape could be a GEO Systems GSDM Series Tape.
(b) Insert the bore pump in the bore.
(c) Before inserting the first column in the bore, attach the water level transmitter sensor to the
column immediately above the bore pump outlet by the use of heavy duty pipewrap tape
suitable for underwater use. This does not apply to columnless pumps which have the sensor
located under the pump and readings transmitted via the power cable.
(d) Locate the submerged end of the bubbler tube (cut at 45 ºC) at the same level as the tip of the
water level transmitter sensor which is attached to the column.
(e) Install the rest of the columns in the bore as required.
(f) After all the columns have been installed the static water level will change as the water in the
bore is displaced by the submerged pump and submerged part of the columns. It will take a few
minutes before the static water level stabilises in the bore.
(g) After allowing static water level in the bore to rest, check the reading of the sensor and also the
current output of the sensor.
(h) Take a measurement of the water level using the bubbler tube. This reading should be the same
as the water level transmitter sensor.
(i) Check the reading is displayed at the Operations Centre at Leederville.

B3 Sample Calculation
The following provides sample calculation that would be required to determine the water level in the
bore from the top of the riser.
Assume:
• The total length of the columns installed = 27.665 m made up as follows;
Length of Each Column:
Column 1 = 5.922 m
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Column 2 = 5.925 m
Column 3 = 5.930 m
Column 4 = 5.918 m
Column 5 = 5.915 m
Column 6 = 3.975 m
Total Length = 33.585 m
• Length of the top of the pump from the inlet of the pump = 1.00 m (say)
• Height of the sensor, on the first column, above the pump = 0.00 m
• Sensor Reading of Water Level in the Bore = 12.655 m (which should also correspond to a
bubbler reading of 124.1 kPa)
Calculation:
• The depth of the sensor from top of the riser on the bore column = 33.585 + 1.000 - 0.000
= 34.585 m
• Sensor Reading of Water Level = 12.655 m
• Calculated water level from the top of the RISER on the bore column = 34.585 – 12.655
= 21.930 m
NOTES:
1. Measured water level from the top of the bore head casing cover on the bore column should be equal to 21.930 m.
2. The measured water level should be referenced in terms of the Australian Height Datum.

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APPENDIX C (Informative) – UNDERSTANDING BOREHOLE

HYDRAULICS
In boreholes the well water level can vary dramatically. This has a dramatic impact on the head
requirements of the pumpsets. As such it is important to have at least a basic understanding of well
hydraulics and the factors affecting well water level.
For shallow, unconfined wells the water level corresponds directly to the local water table. As such it
can be subject to regular fluctuations which should be considered, for example seasonal fluctuations.
For deep, confined wells the water level corresponds to the hydraulic grade or the piezometric level of
the pressurised water contained in the confined aquifer.
When a well is at rest (i.e. no water is being extracted from the well) the water level in the well will
be at a certain level. This level is called the Water Rest Level (WRL).
When water starts to be extracted from the well, the water level in the well begins to fall. In the area
around the well the water level, hydraulic grade or piezometric level also begins to fall in relation to
its distance from the well. The level forms a depressed cone shape concentrated at the bore well,
called the cone of depression.
This drop in water level inside the well relative to the WRL is called drawdown and the water level
during pumping is referred to as the Water Pumping Level (WPL). At a given extraction rate, the
drawdown will continue to increase over time. The speed with which this happens is called the rate of
drawdown. The rate of drawdown is a characteristic of the well and the extraction rate used. When
drawdown is graphed against a logarithmic time scale the drawdown quickly reaches a time period
where it forms a linear relationship against logarithmic time. Using the Jacob straight line method of
analysis on this section of the graph one can obtain the rate of drawdown. The units for the rate of
drawdown are x meters of drawdown per log cycle at an extraction of y m3/day (where one log cycle
is the interval T1 to 10T1). Note that the rate of drawdown is for a specific flow rate and so may be
different for different flow rates. In place of actual data the rate of drawdown at one flow may be used
for other flow rates but it must be done with some caution as the further away from this test rate, the
greater the potential deviation. For this reason tests used to calculate the rate of drawdown should be
conducted as close as possible to the intended flow rate of the bore. This particularly important for
bores where large rates of drawdown exist.
So long as the extraction remains, the well level proceeds to drawdown over time. But when the
extraction is stopped the well level recovers over time. This recovery relationship is almost the exact
mirror of the drawdown process. That is the rate of recovery is roughly the same as the rate of
drawdown.
Therefore when the water level of bore is measured after a bore pump has been switched off, the
observed level may not be the WRL. There may still be residual drawdown which will take time to
disappear and consideration and allowance for residual drawdown should be made when taking WRL
measurements. As a guide the time taken for the bore to fully recover is roughly equal to the amount
of time the pump has been running. For a bore which has run continuously for months, it will take
months for the WRL to be fully reached.
Given that the drawdown increases over time during water extraction and recovers during shut off,
this has implications for the pump selection. Where a pump is not expected to operate continuously
and is switching on and off and therefore allowing time for recovery the drawdowns experienced will
be very different conditions than where a pump runs continuously.
For unconfined aquifers consideration should also be given for the time effects of delayed yield.
Delayed yield is a slower or slowing in the rate of drawdown and is unique to unconfined aquifers. It
varies from bore to bore and can happen instantly upon pumping or may take days to occur. Given the
time to become apparent, it is likely the effect of delayed yield might not present itself in the bore test
data. The slowing of the drawdown is caused by the fact that as the water table draws down around a
borehole, the ground which was saturated and below the water table gradually is brought above the
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water table. Overtime the water held in suspension within the pores of the saturated ground is
overcome by the force of gravity and this water drains down into the cone of depression. This water
has a re-charging effect thereby slowing the rate of drawdown.
If a well is pumped continuously, and we assume the aquifer is also being recharged from some
external source, then the drawdown will eventually reach a level where it reaches equilibrium and
stabilises. At this point the water extracted equals the water re-charged into the wells area of
influence, the WPL remains constant and the rate of drawdown equals zero. This point is called the
long term drawdown and is defined at a given flow rate.
To obtain an accurate estimate of the long term drawdown at a given flow is a difficult task because
of the complexities involved in well hydraulics and the difficulty in being able to quantify and model
the many variables. For this reason the Water Corporation generally takes a simplified approach to
obtain a general indication of the long term drawdown. This simplified approach is as follows. Using
the well’s rate of drawdown at a given flow together with a measured reference point of the
drawdown at some time the drawdown is extrapolated out to a period of 1 year. This value is termed
the long term drawdown.
What this drawdown actually represents is the drawdown after 1 year of continued operation at a
given flow, if the rate of drawdown remained constant. The validity of using this value as the long
term drawdown is based on the following:
· After 1 year aquifer re-charge will roughly be occurring at a rate which will either significantly
reduce or bring to zero the rate of drawdown.
· Even if there was absolutely no re-charge at all into the aquifer the next log cycle of drawdown
will not be felt for another 9 years of continuous pumping.
Once the long term drawdown at a given flow is determined, two key terms can be derived. They are
specific capacity and specific drawdown.
The specific capacity is how much flow (m3/day) a well can deliver per meter of long term
drawdown.
The specific drawdown is how many meters of long term drawdown a well will experience at a unit
flow of (1 m3/day).
(Note: specific capacity and specific drawdown usually relate to long term drawdown figures.
However they can also be based on short term drawdowns where required).

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