Chapter 2- Cloud Computing

▪ Introduction
▪ Functions of Cloud Computing
▪ Characteristics of Cloud Computing
▪ Cloud Computing Models
▪ Cloud Infrastructure
▪ Cloud Architecture

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing ...
 Cloud Computing is defined as storing and accessing of
data and computing services over the internet
 It is the on-demand availability of computer services like
servers, data storage, networking, databases, etc
 It allows to run applications and services without
installation, and to access their personal files independent of
machine used (PC, Laptop, and Smart Phones )with internet
access
 Users can also access data from a remote server
Examples of Cloud Computing Services:
◦ AWS(Amazon Web Service)-free to join & pay for what
you use
◦ Flipkart
◦ Azure: open & flexible cloud computing platform
◦ Google: Application dev’t,3/18/2023
gmail, etc 2
 Scenario ...
 The main purpose of cloud computing is to give
access of the data centers to many users
 Consider the following example:
◦ Whenever you travel through a bus or train, you take
a ticket for your destination and hold back to your
seat till you reach your destination. Likewise other
passengers also takes ticket and travel in the same
bus with you and it hardly bothers you where they go.
When your stop comes you get off the bus thanking
the driver
◦ Cloud computing is just like that bus, carrying data
and Information for different users and allows to use
its service with minimal cost

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 Cloud Computing Cont...
 The term “Cloud” came from a network design that was
used by network engineers to represent the location of
various network devices and there inter-connection
 The shape of this network design was like a cloud

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Functions of Cloud Services
 Cloud computing services provide users with a series of
functions including:

1. Storage, backup, and data retrieval

2. Create new applications and Services

3. Analyze and recover data

4. Audio and video streaming

5. Delivering software on demand

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 How Cloud Computing Works
 For accessing Cloud services,
1. First step is to register on Cloud service provider
portal and create an account.
2. Then login into the portal and order your services
though the Cloud service consumer area.
3. The Cloud provider will then validate your request
through Business System Service (BSS),
4. If the validation is OK (like Credit Card detail,
Contract etc.), Service provider will provide the
requested service through Operating System Service.

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How Cloud Computing Works…
• 5 To access the service, the service provider will provide
you a credentials to access or make any request for
service.
◦ The services can be:
1. simple virtual machine (VM),
2. some network component,
3. an Application service or
4. any platform service etc.

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Characteristics of Cloud Computing
 1 Agility: Adapt to growth and change without changes to
technical hardware or assets.
 2 Cost Saving : Minimize investment in launch
infrastructure to eliminate the need for upfront capital
expenses.
 3 Device and location independence: a user or customer
should be able to access the cloud
service ubiquitously and responsively regardless of his or
her location.
 4 Visualization: abstracts the underlying resources;
simplifies their use; isolates users from one another; and
supports replication which increases the elasticity of a
system

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 Cont…
 5 Multi-tenancy: multiple customers of a cloud vendor are
using the same computing resources. Despite the fact that
they share resources, cloud customers aren't aware of each
other, and their data is kept totally separate.
 6 Scalability and Elasticity: The term “elastic
computing” refers to the ability of dynamically and on-
demand acquiring computing resources and supporting a
variable workload.
 7 Security and Reliability: The data storage strategy can
increase reliability, as well as security, and can lower
communication costs.
 8 Maintenance: The maintenance are operated by service
providers.

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 Characteristics of Cloud Computing …
❖ ISO 17788 define six essential characteristics of Cloud
Computing
1. On demand self-service
2. Broad network access
3. Resource pooling
4. Rapid Elasticity
5. Measured service
6. Multi-tenancy

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 Characteristics of Cloud Computing …
1. On Demand Self Service
• Cloud Computing allows the users to use web services
and resources on demand. One can logon to a website
at any time and use them.
2. Broad Network Access
• Since cloud computing is completely web based, it can
be accessed from anywhere and at any time.
3. Resource Pooling
• Cloud computing allows multiple tenants to share a
pool of resources. One can share single physical
instance of hardware, database and basic infrastructure.

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 Characteristics of Cloud Computing …
4. Rapid Elasticity
◦ It is very easy to scale the resources vertically
or horizontally at any time. Scaling of
resources means the ability of resources to
deal with increasing or decreasing demand.
◦ The resources being used by customers at any
given point of time are automatically
monitored.
5. Measured Service
◦ In this service cloud provider controls and monitors
all the aspects of cloud service includes Resource
optimization, billing, and capacity planning etc.

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 Characteristics of Cloud Computing …
6. Multi-tenancy
• The customers are often entirely different organizations.
• Allows customers to run one server instance, which is
less expensive and makes it easier to deploy updates to a
large number of customers.

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Cloud Computing Models
The cloud model is composed of
A. Four deployment models.
B. Three service models, and
C. Five essential characteristics,

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Cloud Computing Deployment Model
A. Four Deployment Models
define the type of access to the cloud

◦ Public cloud
 Done by service providers
◦ Community cloud
 organizations from a specific
community with common
concerns
◦ Private cloud
 operated solely for a single
organization
◦ Hybrid cloud
 composition of two or more clouds
(private, community or public)

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 Cloud Computing Deployment Model…
 Depending on the organization work nature, location and
its infrastructure, we can choose one of the model.
1. Private Clouds
◦ Private clouds are cloud environments solely dedicated
to the end user, usually within the user’s firewall.
◦ All clouds become private clouds when the underlying
IT infrastructure is dedicated to a single customer with
completely isolated access
Eg : Oracle, Cisco, IBM

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 Cloud Computing Deployment Model…
Advantages:
• More Security
• Most Control over data
Disadvantages:

• Most Expensive type

• More Support operations and employees are required

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Cloud Computing Deployment Model…
2. Public Cloud

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 Cloud Computing Deployment Model…
 Public Cloud
Advantages:
• Free or offered on a pay-per-usage model.
• Easy and inexpensive setup.
• No wasted resources because you pay for only what you
use.
Disadvantages:
• Data security and privacy issues. You may not know where
your data is stored, if or how it is backed up, and whether
access is given to unauthorized users.
• Reliability.
• Example: Amazon, Google, Microsoft are the most known
Public Cloud Service providers.

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 Cloud Computing Deployment Model…
 Community clouds
◦ are designed for businesses/organizations working on joint projects,
applications, or research.
◦ requires a central cloud computing facility for building, managing
and executing such projects, regardless of the solution rented
Cloud.

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 Reading Assignment
 Describe Hybrid Cloud

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 Cloud Computing Service Models….
 The three main types of cloud Service
Models(SAAS,PAAS, & IAAS) provides different levels
of control, flexibility, and management so that you can
select the right set of services for your needs

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 Cloud Computing Service Models….
 SAAS(Software As A Service)
◦ Saas provide access to the software and use the
software without installation.
◦ A common example of a SaaS application is web-based
email where you can send and receive email without
having to manage feature additions to the email product
or maintaining the servers and operating systems that
the email program is running on.
Examples : BigCommerce, Google Apps, Salesforce, google
drive, OneDrive, Dropbox, MailChimp, ZenDesk,
DocuSign, Slack, Hubspot, Salesforce,Cisco WebEx, and
Microsoft Office 365

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 Cloud Computing Service Models….
 Benefits of SAAS
1. Easy to sign up and rapidly start using
innovative business apps
2. Apps and data are accessible from any
connected computer
3. No data is lost if your computer breaks, as data
is in the cloud
4. The service is able to dynamically scale to
usage needs

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 Cloud Computing Service Models….
• PaaS (Platform as a Service)
• provides computing platforms which typically
includes operating system, programming language
execution environment, database, web server etc.
Examples
• AWS Elastic Beanstalk,
• Windows Azure,
• Force.com,
• Google App Engine,
• Apache Stratos

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 Cloud Computing Service Models….
 Benefits of PaaS
1. Develop applications and get to market faster
2. Deploy new web applications to the cloud in minutes
3. Reduce complexity with middleware as a service
 App Engine of Google and Force.com are examples
of PaaS offering vendors.

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 Cloud Computing Service Models….
 Infrastructure as a Service(IAAS)
◦ hosted within the Cloud data centers, and
◦ Beneficiaries pay only the agreed on cost, and
◦ Users do not need to purchase any hardware, software
and licensing.
Example:
 Amazon Web Services (AWS)
 Google Compute Engine (GCE)
 IBM Cloud
 Microsoft Azure
 Rackspace
 Cisco Metacloud
 Oracle Cloud
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Cloud Computing Service Models….
 Benefits of IAAS
◦ No need to invest in your own hardware
◦ Infrastructure scales on demand to support dynamic
workloads
◦ Flexible, innovative services available on demand
◦ Anything-as-a-Service (XaaS) is yet another
service model, which includes Network-as-a-Service,
Business-as-a-Service, Identity-as-a-Service,Database-
as-a-Service or Strategy-as-a-Service.

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 Reading Assignment
 Describe Cloud Computing challenges

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