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Human Reproduction R

The document describes the human reproductive systems. The male reproductive system includes testes that produce sperm and sex hormones, and ducts that transport sperm. The female reproductive system includes ovaries that produce eggs and hormones, a uterus for carrying pregnancies, and a vagina for intercourse and childbirth. During puberty, increased hormones stimulate development of secondary sex characteristics and gamete production in both sexes. The menstrual cycle in females is regulated by changing hormone levels and involves maturation of eggs, preparation of the uterus for pregnancy, and menstruation if fertilization does not occur.

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Amyth
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1K views50 pages

Human Reproduction R

The document describes the human reproductive systems. The male reproductive system includes testes that produce sperm and sex hormones, and ducts that transport sperm. The female reproductive system includes ovaries that produce eggs and hormones, a uterus for carrying pregnancies, and a vagina for intercourse and childbirth. During puberty, increased hormones stimulate development of secondary sex characteristics and gamete production in both sexes. The menstrual cycle in females is regulated by changing hormone levels and involves maturation of eggs, preparation of the uterus for pregnancy, and menstruation if fertilization does not occur.

Uploaded by

Amyth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Human Reproduction

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Male
Reproductive
System

Primary Sex External


Organ Secondary Sex Genitalia
Organ
TESTES PENIS

Associated
Ducts
Glands
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Secondary
Sex organs

Associated
Duct System
Glands

Vasa Seminal Prostrate Bulbourethral


Rete testes Epididymis Vas deferens
efferentia vesicle gland gland
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Female
reproductive
system

Secondary
Primary Sex Sex Organ
Organ External Mammary
DUCT Genitalia gland
OVARIES SYSTEM

FALLOPIAN
TUBE UTERUS VAGINA
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• Spermatogenesis starts at the age of


puberty due to significant increase in the
secretion of gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH)
• Increased levels of GnRH then acts at the
anterior pituitary gland and stimulates
secretion of two gonadotropins – luteinising
hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH).
• LH acts at the Leydig cells and stimulates
synthesis and secretion of androgens
(testosterone from testes) - stimulate the
process of spermatogenesis.
• FSH stimulates Sertoli cells to secrete
factors which promote spermiogenesis
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 Reproductive cycle of female primates - repeats every 28 to 32 days


 Begins when a female reaches the age of Puberty – MENARCHE – 10 to 14
 Ceases at 50 years of age – MENOPAUSE
 3 stages : Menstrual phase, Follicular phase, luteal phase.
 MENSTRUAL PHASE :
 Periodic discharge of blood, tissue, fluid and mucus from the reproductive organs of sexually mature female.
 Discharge lasts for 3-5 days each month – caused by sudden decline in hormones – Estrogen &
progesterone.
 Breakdown of endometrial lining of uterus & associated blood vessels – vaginal discharge of unfertilized
egg and soft tissues– indicative of failed pregnancy
 Before the menstrual phase, the uterus endometrium prepares itself for implantation of a fertilized egg – if
fertilization does not occur, the uterus lining is shed from the body.
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BQ: Describe how the changing levels of FSH, LH and progesterone during menstrual cycle induce changes in the ovary and the uterus
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Reproduction
female.
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