t ~.

• Republic of the Philippines

.Department of Finance
Securities and Exchange Commission
SEC Bldg. EDSA, Greenhills, Mandaluyong City

OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL

29 May 2009

SEC-OGCOpinion No. 09-12

For: Concept of "doing business"

PUYAT JACINTO & SANTOS

12th Floor, Manilabank Building
6772 Ayala Avenue
Makati City 1226

Attention: Atty. Gwen Grecia-De Vera &

Atty. Anna Bianca L. Torres
'.ld .

Gentlemen:

This refers to your request for clarification on whether IPC Network Services
Asia Limited's ("IPC") intended expansion of operations by allowing entities located
in the Philippines to avail of its services would constitute doing business in the
Philippines.

As stated in your letter dated 13 June 2008, the pertinent facts are as
follows:

1. Your client; fpc, is a foreign company engaged in providing

dedicated .private voice network to financial institutions for the
purpose of facilitating the trade of financial instruments;

2. With its presenf operations, IPC renders services to customers

located outside the Philippines. IPC, however, is considering
making its serVices available to entities located in the
Philippines;

3. IPC proposes to do this by performing the activity outside the

Philippines. Said activity consists of design and management of
the private voice network, installation and maintenance of
equipment, standard circuit maintenance, and customer service
desk support;

http://wvvw.sec.gov.ph II +(632) 726 09 31 to 39

.. •
4. To enable connectivity from local companies to entities outside
of the Philippines within the private voice network, IPC may
resort to engaging local telecommunications entities for the
provision of local loop and co-location services, and/or value
added service providers, such as ISPs for internet connection;

5. Payment for the service may be remitted by the local client to

IPC abroad.

Based on the above narration, you now seek clarification on whether the
contemplated transaction would be considered as doing or transacting business,
which would necessitate applying for a license to do business from this Commission.

A license is necessary if a foreign corporation is "transacting" or "doing

business" in the country. The Corporation Code provides:

"Sec.133. Doing business without a Iicense.- No foreign corporation

transacting in the Philippines without a license, or its successor or assigns,
shall be permitted to f\laintain or intervene in any action, suit or proceeding
in any court or administrative agency of the Philippines; but such corporation
may be sued or proceed~9 against before Philippine courts or administrative
tribunals on any valid cause of action under Philippine law,"
I.r','

Relevant also to yourqu~ry is the provision of Section 3( d) of Republic Act

No. 7042, as amended, ,and itS Implementing Rules and Regulations, enumerating
•• '. ," \, ',' I

activities that would constitute "doing business," to wit:

"xxx soliciting orders, service contracts, opening offices, whether called

"liaison" offices or branches; appointing representatives or distributors
domiciled in the Philippines or who in any calendar stay in the country for a
period or periods totaling one hundred eighty (180) days or more;
participating in the management, supervision or control of any domestic
business, firm, entity or corporation in the Philippines; and any other act or
acts that imply continuity of commercial dealings or arrangements and
contemplate to that extent the performance of acts or works, or the exercise
of some of the functions normally incident to, and in progressive prosecution
of commercial gain or of the purpose and object of the business organization:
Provided, however, That the phrase "doing business" shall not be deemed to
include mere investment as a shareholder by a foreign entity in domestic
corporations duly,registered to do business, having a nominee director or
officer to represent ,its interests in such corporation; nor appointing a
representative, or distriQPtor domiciled in the Philippines which transacts
business in its own namea[1d for its own account; xxx"

The foregoing, is in rio. wayan exclusive enumeration of what would

constitute "doing business."It must also be borne in mind that there is no general
rule or governing principle as to what constitutes "doing" or "transacting" business.!

1 AGPALO, RUBEN. COMMENTS ON THE CORPORATION CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES, 462 (2001).
2
,, •
To be considered as "transacting" or "doing" business, there must be continuity of
conduct and intention to establish a continuous business,2 Even the Corporation
Code is silent as to what constitutes doing or transacting business in the Philippines.

In the case of Me(1thqlatum vs. Mangalimarr/ the Supreme Court laid down
the test to determine whether a foreign corporation can be considered as "doing
business" in the Philippines, The first is the substance test, thus:

"The true test [for doing business], however, seems to be

whether the foreign corporation is continui ng the body of the business or
enterprise for which itf'.was organized or whether it has substantially
retired from it and turned!t overto another,

The second test is the continuity of commercial dealings and

arrangements, and contemplates, to that extent, the performance of acts
or works, or the exercise of some of the functions normally incident to,
and in the progressive prosecution of, the purpose and object of its
organization,"

Further, an essential condition to be considered as "doing business" in the

Philippines is the actual performance of specific commercial acts within the territory
of the Philippines for the plain reason that the Philippines has no jurisdiction over
commercial acts performed in foreigll territories.4 Here, there were indications that'
IPC will enter into a series of transactions 'implying a continuity of commercial
I

dealings; the perfection and consummation of these transactions were done within
the Philippines.' i ',~:
d', t"
IPC would make its'~eij{,fcesavailable to entities located in the Philippines. In
the case of time division myltiplexing (TDM), a local entity (telco) will render
services to IPC by in~tallillg, a,rid'maintaining co-location services for equipment and
international and domestic leqse lines to local customers. In turn, the customers will
remit their payment to IPC abroad. As for private dedicated voice network via Voice
over Internet Protocol ("VOIP") technology, th~re would be equipment, such as
routers and firewall, that would be installed at customer premises by the- customer, ,
either under IPC's supervision remotely or IPC's engineers/contractors on site. In
effect, IPC would make its services available here in the Philippines. It would render
service within the premises of its clients through its own engineers or remote
supervision. The contracts between IPC and its local customers are continuous
commercial dealings in the country. These commercial transactions are in pursuit of
the purpose and object of IPC, that is, engaging in providing a dedicated private
voice network to financial institutions for the purpose of facilitating the trade of
financial instruments.
":','

2 Ibid, citing Commissioner of In,ternal,Revenue v. British Overseas Airways Corp" 149 SCRA 395 (1987);
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Japan Air Lines, Inc., 202 SCRA 450 (1991).
3 G.R. No. 47701, 27 June 1941'(72 Phil 524) as cited in Agilent Technologies Singapore Pte Ltd. vs.
Integrated Silicon TechnologYPhilippines Corporation, et al. G.R, No. 154618, 14 April 2004,
4 B. Van Zuiden Bros, Ltd. vs. GTVL Ma~ufacturing Industries, Inc" G.R. No, 147905,28 May 2007.
3
.J. " 1 ;

.)
 •
In support of your request for clarification, you cite Ruling No. 009-05 dated
02 August 2005 of the Bureau of Internal Revenue C'BIR''). However, the same is
useful in determining tax status of the corporation but not necessarily binding in .
determining whether a foreign corporation needs to secure a license from this
Commission. There, the BIR held that a foreign company engaged in the business of
performing PH domain names outside of the Philippines for PH domain name holders
located within, as well as, outside the Philippines, through PH domain name
servers/web servers, also located outside the Philippines, is considered non-resident
foreign corporation. TI:l~BIR likewise ruled that the corporation engaged in the
business of collecting PWdomain name service fees in the Philippines as agent, for
and in behalf of DPI reseller~'ilocated outside of the Philippines, who in turn collect
PH domain name service fees from PH domain name holders located outside of, as
well as within the Philippines, for domain name services performed outside of the
Philippines by the foreign corporation is not subject to Philippine taxation on fees
collected by such agent.

The BIR ruling finds no application insofar as securing a license to do

business is concerned since what is considered in the latter case is the continuity of
commercial dealing in the country and the foreign corporation's intent to prosecute
its business in the Philippines. With that, a foreign corporation is required to first
secure a license from this Commission.

Based on the foregoing authorities and disclosed facts, this Office opines that
the contemplated expansion of operations of IPC involving Philippine companies
constitutes "doing business" in the Philippines.
,

It shall be understood that the' foregoing opinion is rendered based solely on

the facts and circumstances disclosed and relevant solely to the particular issues
raised therein and shall hdt be used in the nature of a standing rule binding upon
the Commission in other >caseswhether of similar or dissimilar circumstances.5 If,
upon investigation, j't will Beidj~c1osedthat the facts relied upon are different, this
opinion shall be rendered null and void.
,. 'j .~
.

;.. "',1 ,.

Very~yours,

VERNETTE G. UMALI-PACO
General Counsel

C :\opinions\ipc_ v2.doc

5 S.E.C Memorandum Circular No. 15 dated 16 December 2003,

4

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