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Intellectual Revolution in
Other Parts of The World
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INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS IN OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD
MESO-AMERICAN
MIDDLE EAST
ASIAN
AFRICAN
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“
Other intellectual revolutions occurred across history
in in various parts of the world, such as Meso
America, Asia, Middle East and Africa. These
intellectual revolutions that took place in the four
geographical locations made their own contribution
in the advancement of modern science and scientific
thoughts.
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MESOAMERICA
Mayan Civilization
◉ Includes the entire area of ◉ Mayan Civilization is the well-
Central America from Southern known settlers who
Mexico up to the border of incorporated advanced
South America. understanding of astronomy
into their templates and other
religious structure
◉ This civilization lasted for
aprrox. 2000 years
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MESOAMERICA
Mayan Civilization
◉ The El Castillo at the center of
Chichén Itzá, a 79-foot pyramid of
stone. Also known as the Pyramid of
Kukulkán
◉ The structure embodies Mayan myth
along with natural astronomical
cycles.
◉ The phenomenon that El Castillo is
famous for occurs twice each year, at
the spring and fall equinoxes.
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MESOAMERICA
Mayan Civilization
◉ Mayan understanding about
celestial bodies was
advanced for their times.
◉ They know how to predict
eclipses.
◉ They use astrological cycles
in planting and harvesting
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MESOAMERICA
Mayan Civilization
◉ They are also known for
measuring time using
complicated calendar system
◉ Such system is useful in
planning their activities
including cultural celebrations
and religious rituals.
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MESOAMERICA
Mayan Civilization
◉ THE PIEDRAS BOLAS
AQUEDUCT.
◉ During the rainy season, the
sloping aqueduct runoff overflows
the paving, but the buried conduit
still carries water into the city.
◉ They are also known for devising
rainbow of glittery paints made
from mineral called MICA
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MESOAMERICA
Mayan Civilization
◉ They are also skilled in
mathematics
◉ They created a number
system on the numeral of 20
◉ They created the concept of
zero and positional value even
before Romans did
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MESOAMERICA
Incan Civilization
◉ Known for calendar with 12
months to mark their religious
festivals and prepare for planting
seasons
◉ Created the first suspension
bridge
◉ Known for their QUIPU, a system
of knotted ropes to keep records
that only experts can interpret
◉ Famous for their textiles
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MESOAMERICA
Aztec Civilization
Known for the following:
▪ Mandatory Education
▪ Chocolates
▪ Antispasmodic Medication
▪ Chinampa- agricultural
technique which relied on small,
rectangular areas of fertile arable land to
grow crops on the shallow lake beds
▪ Aztec Calendar
▪ Invention of Canoe
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ASIAN INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
◉ Asia is the largest continent in ◉ The two civilization that contributed
the world which cradled many greatly to the history of S & T in Asia
are Indian and Chinese Civilizations
civilization
◉ It also considered as the host of
many cultural scientific and
political activities of all ages
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ASIA: INDIAN CIVILIZATION
Indus Valley Civilization
- People in this civilization tried
to standardized measurement
of length to a high degree of
accuracy and a designed ruler
(Mohenjodaro Ruler)
- One of the most famous Indian
mathematician-astronomer is
ARYABHATA
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ASIA: INDIAN CIVILIZATION
ARYABHATA
- From the classical age of Indian
mathematics and astronomy
- He is known for his contribution in
Trigonometry, approximation of
the value of pi and he devised a
place value system.
- He also explained that moon and
planet shine by reflected sunlight.
He also scientifically explained the
concept of lunar and solar
eclipses.
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ASIA: CHINESE CIVILIZATION
China is known for:
- Acupuncture-traditional
medicine
- Compass, papermaking, gun
powder and printing tools
- Also known for astronomy and
created lunar calendars
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MIDDLE EASTERNIAN INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
- Predominantly occupied by
Muslims
- They put greater value on
Science Experiments
- Famous scientist and
mathematician are Ḥasan Ibn
al-Haytham and Muhammad
ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi
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MIDDLE EASTERNIAN INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham
- A Muslim Arab mathematician,
astronomer, and physicist of
the Islamic Golden Age.
Referred to as "the father of
modern optics“
- Famous for his invention
pinhole camera
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MIDDLE EASTERNIAN INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
Muhammad ibn Musa al-
Khwarizmi
- He was a Persian polymath
who produced vastly influential
works in mathematics,
astronomy, and geography
- Famous for his mathematical
works, which introduced
Hindu-Arabic numerals and
algebra to European
mathematicians.
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AFRICAN INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
◉ The African civilization is famous for the
production of kola nuts and coffee in
Ethiopia
◉ Kola nuts stimulant mostly found in West
Africa and is the basis of the popular
cola drink
◉ Africa used plants with salicylic acid for
pain (aspirin) and for diarrhea
(Kaopectate). They are also highly
advanced in medicine such operating
autopsies and caesarian
.
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AFRICAN INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
◉ African Stonehenge in present-day
Kenya (constructed around 300 B.C.)
was a remarkably accurate calendar. It is
known to be first and oldest astronomical
site
◉ They also have a Yoruba number
system.
◉ They also have technologies involved
experimentation in drainage, construction
of polders, desalination, and irrigation.
Evidence in 1978 suggests that they
already mastered making steels.
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Information Revolution
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INFORMATION REVOLUTION
◉ It is the proliferation of the ◉ It has been taking place
availability of information already for centuries. The
and the accompanying ancient fascination with
changes in its storage language gave rise to the
and dissemination owing preservation of the ideas
to the use of computers of earlier people
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Series of Events in the Start of Information Revolution
Invention of Writing
• Cuneiform by Invention of Books
Sumerians -Started by Romans
• Hieroglyphics by through compilation of the The Beginning of Digital
Egyptians written works Information era
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Invention of Ancient Invention of Printing The Age of Internet and
Paper and Ink Press by John Gutenberg Social Media
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