Electrical & Electronic Components

Electrical & Electronic
Components
Introduction
• Resistors come in a range of values but the two most common are
the E12 and E24 series. The E12 series comes in twelve values for
every decade. The E24 series comes in twenty four values per
decade.
• E12 series - 10, 12, 15, 18, 22, 27, 33, 39, 47, 56, 68, 82
• E24 series - 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39,
43, 47, 51, 56, 62, 68, 75, 82, 91
4 Band Resistor
2nd digit multiplier tolerance

1st digit
Resistor Color Chart
Resistance of Different Wattage
Types Of Resistance
All modern resistors can be classified into following

groups;
1. Carbon Composition Resistor - Made of carbon dust or graphite paste,
low wattage values
2. Film Resistor - Made from conductive metal oxide paste, very low wattage
values
3. Wire-Wound Resistors. - Metallic bodies for heat sink mounting, very high
wattage ratings
4. Dual Inline Package Resistor
5. Surface Mount Resistor
Carbon Resistor
Carbon Resistors are the most common type of Composition Resistors as they are a
cheap general purpose resistor. Their resistive element is manufactured from a mixture
of finely ground carbon dust or graphite (similar to pencil lead) and a non-conducting
ceramic (clay) powder to bind it all together. The ratio of carbon to ceramic determines
the overall resistive value of the mixture and the higher this ratio is the lower the
resistance. The mixture is then moulded into a cylindrical shape and metal wires or
leads are attached to each end to provide the electrical connection before being coated
with an outer insulating material and colour coded markings
Carbon Composite Resistors are low to medium power resistors with low inductance
which makes them ideal for high frequency applications but they can also suffer from
noise and stability when hot.
Film Resistor
The generic term "Film Resistor" consist of Metal Film, Carbon Film and
Metal Oxide Film resistor types, which are generally made by depositing
pure metals, such as nickel, or an oxide film, such as tin-oxide, onto an
insulating ceramic rod or substrate. The resistive value of the resistor is
controlled by increasing the desired thickness of the film and then by
laser cutting a spiral helix groove type pattern into this film. This has the
effect of increasing the conductive or resistive path, a bit like taking a long
length of straight wire and forming it into a coil.
Wirewound Resistor
Another type of resistor, called a Wirewound Resistor, is made by winding a thin

metal alloy wire (Nichrome) or similar wire onto an insulating ceramic former in the
form of a spiral helix similar to the Film Resistors. These types of resistors are
generally only available in very low ohmic high precision values (from 0.01 to 100kΩ)
due to the gauge of the wire and number of turns possible on the former making
them ideal for use in measuring circuits and Whetstone bridge type applications.
They are also able to handle much higher electrical currents than other resistors of
the same ohmic value with power ratings in excess of 300 Watts. These high power
resistors are moulded or pressed into an aluminum heat sink body with fins attached
to increase their overall surface area to promote heat loss. These types of resistors
are called "Chassis Mounted Resistors". They are designed to be physically mounted
onto heatsinks or metal plates to further dissipate the generated heat increasing
their current carrying capabilities even further.
DIP Resistor
The Dual Inline Package is normally associated with resistor networks

consisting of several resistors in the same package. It is a rectangular
flat shaped package with the several leads extend out both narrow,
long surfaces and are formed to either flush mount on PC Board or
through hole mount on a PC board
SMD Resistor
SMD resistors are rectangular in shape. They have metallised areas at

either end of the body of the SMD resistor and this enables them to
make contact with the printed circuit board through the solder.
The resistor itself consists of a ceramic substrate and onto this is
deposited a metal oxide film. The thickness, and the length of the
actual film determines the resistance. In view of the fact that the SMD
resistors are manufactured using metal oxide, means that they are
quite stable and usually have a good tolerance.
Capacitors
The capacitor's function is to store electricity, or electrical energy.

The capacitor also functions as a filter, passing alternating current (AC), and blocking direct current
(DC).
This symbol is used to indicate a capacitor in a circuit diagram.
The capacitor is constructed with two electrode plates facing each other, but separated by an
insulator.
When DC voltage is applied to the capacitor, an electric charge is stored on each electrode. While
the capacitor is charging up, current flows. The current will stop flowing when the capacitor has
fully charged.
The different types of capacitors below.

Electrolytic Capacitors (Electrochemical type
capacitors)
From the left to right:
1µF (50V) [diameter 5 mm, high 12 mm]
Aluminum is used for the electrodes by using a thin oxidization membrane.

Large values of capacitance can be obtained in comparison with the size of the capacitor, because
the dielectric used is very thin.
The most important characteristic of electrolytic capacitors is that they have polarity. They have a
positive and a negative electrode.[Polarized] This means that it is very important which way round
they are connected. If the capacitor is subjected to voltage exceeding its working voltage, or if it is
connected with incorrect polarity, it may burst. It is extremely dangerous, because it can quite
literally explode. Make absolutely no mistakes.
Generally, in the circuit diagram, the positive side is indicated by a "+" (plus) symbol.
Electrolytic capacitors range in value from about 1µF to thousands of µF. Mainly this type of
capacitor is used as a ripple filter in a power supply circuit, or as a filter to bypass low frequency
signals, etc. Because this type of capacitor is comparatively similar to the nature of a coil in
construction, it isn't possible to use for high-frequency circuits. (It is said that the frequency
characteristic is bad.)
Tantalum Capacitors
The capacitance values are as

follows, from the left:
0.33 µF (35V)
0.47 µF (35V)
10 µF (35V)
Tantalum Capacitors are electrolytic capacitors that is use a material called tantalum for the
electrodes. Large values of capacitance similar to aluminum electrolytic capacitors can be obtained.
Also, tantalum capacitors are superior to aluminum electrolytic capacitors in temperature and
frequency characteristics. When tantalum powder is baked in order to solidify it, a crack forms
inside. An electric charge can be stored on this crack.
These capacitors have polarity as well. Usually, the "+" symbol is used to show the positive
component lead.
Tantalum capacitors are a little bit more expensive than aluminum electrolytic capacitors.
Capacitance can change with temperature as well as frequency, and these types are very stable.
Therefore, tantalum capacitors are used for circuits which demand high stability in the capacitance
values. Also, it is said to be common sense to use tantalum capacitors for analog signal systems,
because the current-spike noise that occurs with aluminum electrolytic capacitors does not appear.
Ceramic Capacitors
The capacitor on the left is a 100pF capacitor with a diameter of

about 3 mm.
The capacitor on the right side is printed with 103, so 10 x 10 3pF
becomes 0.01 µF. The diameter of the disk is about 6 mm
Ceramic capacitors are constructed with materials such as titanium acid barium used as
the dielectric. Internally, these capacitors are not constructed as a coil, so they can be used
in high frequency applications. Typically, they are used in circuits which bypass high
frequency signals to ground.
These capacitors have the shape of a disk. Their capacitance is comparatively small.
Ceramic capacitors have no polarity. Ceramic capacitors should not be used for analog
circuits, because they can distort the signal.
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors
The capacitance of the component on the left is

displayed as 104. So, the capacitance is 10 x 104 pF = 0.1
µF. The thickness is 2 mm, the height is 3 mm, the width
is 4 mm.
The capacitor to the right has a capacitance of 103 (10 x
103 pF = 0.01 µF). The height is 4 mm, the diameter of
the round part is 2 mm.
The multilayer ceramic capacitor has a many-layered dielectric. These capacitors are small in size,
and have good temperature and frequency characteristics.
Square wave signals used in digital circuits can have a comparatively high frequency component
included.
This capacitor is used to bypass the high frequency to ground.
These capacitors are not polarized. That is, they have no polarity.
Polystyrene Film Capacitors
The device on the left has a height of 10 mm, is

5 mm thick, and is rated 100pF.
The device in the middle has a height of 10 mm,
5.7 mm thickness, and is rated 1000pF.
The device on the right has a height of 24 mm,
is 10 mm thick, and is rated 10000pF.
In these devices, polystyrene film is used as the dielectric. This type of capacitor is not for use in
high frequency circuits, because they are constructed like a coil inside. They are used well in filter
circuits or timing circuits which run at several hundred KHz or less.
The component shown on the figure has a red color due to the copper leaf used for the electrode.
The silver color is due to the use of aluminum foil as the electrode. These devices have no polarity.
Polyester Film Capacitors
From the left in the photograph Here are some other polyester film capacitors.
Capacitance: 0.001 µF (printed with 001K) Starting from the left
[the width 5 mm, the height 10 mm, the thickness 2 mm] Capacitance: 0.0047 µF (printed with 472K)
Capacitance: 0.1 µF (printed with 104K) [the width 4mm, the height 6mm, the thickness 2mm]
[the width 10 mm, the height 11 mm, the thickness 5mm] Capacitance: 0.0068 µF (printed with 682K)
Capacitance: 0.22 µF (printed with .22K) [the width 4mm, the height 6mm, the thickness 2mm]
[the width 13 mm, the height 18 mm, the thickness 7mm] Capacitance: 0.47 µF (printed with 474K)
[the width 11mm, the height 14mm, the thickness
7mm]
This capacitor uses thin polyester film as the dielectric.

They are not high tolerance, but they are cheap and handy. Their tolerance is about ±5% to ±10%.
These capacitors have no polarity.
Polypropylene Capacitors
From the left in the photograph

Capacitance: 0.01 µF (printed with 103F)
[the width 7mm, the height 7mm, the thickness 3mm]
This capacitor is used when a higher tolerance is necessary than polyester capacitors offer.
Polypropylene film is used for the dielectric. It is said that there is almost no change of capacitance
in these devices if they are used with frequencies of 100KHz or less. These capacitors have no
polarity.
Mica Capacitors
The capacitance from the left

Capacitance: 47pF (printed with 470J)
These capacitors use Mica for the dielectric. Mica capacitors have good stability because their
temperature coefficient is small. Because their frequency characteristic is excellent, they are used
for resonance circuits, and high frequency filters. Also, they have good insulation, and so can be
utilized in high voltage circuits. It was often used for vacuum tube style radio transmitters, etc.
Mica capacitors do not have high values of capacitance, and they can be relatively expensive. These
capacitors have no polarity.
Metalized Polyester Film Capacitors
From the left in the photograph

Capacitance: 0.001µF (printed with 1n. n means nano:10-9)
Breakdown voltage: 250V
Capacitance: 0.22µF (printed with u22)
Capacitance: 2.2µF (printed with 2u2)
These capacitors are a kind of a polyester film capacitor. Because their electrodes are thin, they can
be miniaturized. These capacitors have no polarity.
Variable Capacitors
Pictured in the upper left photograph are variable capacitors with the
following specifications:
Capacitance: 20pF (3pF - 27pF measured)
[Thickness 6 mm, height 4.8 mm]
Their are different colors, as well. Blue: 7pF (2 - 9), white: 10pF (3 - 15),
green: 30pF (5 - 35), brown: 60pF (8 - 72).
In the same photograph, the device on the right has the following
specifications:
Capacitance: 30pF (5pF - 40pF measured)
[The width (long) 6.8 mm, width (short) 4.9 mm, and the height 5 mm]
Variable capacitors are used for adjustment etc. of frequency mainly.

On the left in the photograph is a "trimmer," which uses ceramic as the dielectric. Next to it on the
right is one that uses polyester film for the dielectric.
The pictured components are meant to be mounted on a printed circuit board.
Color Codes for Capacitors
Although the capacitance value may be printed on the body of a capacitor, it may also be indicated
by a color code. The color code used to represent capacitance values is similar to that used to
represent resistance values.
Example of mica capacitors

6-dot color code for mica and molded paper capacitors.
Lastly, read the tolerance dot.
Example of mica capacitors.
1) Hold the capacitor so the arrows point left to 4) Read the second digit dot and apply it to the first
right. digit.
5) Read the multiplier dot and multiply the first two

digits by multiplier (Remember that the multiplier
2) Read the first dot. is in picofarads).
3) Read the first digit dot. 6) Lastly, read the tolerance dot.
According to the above coding, the capacitor is a mica capacitor whose capacitance is 1200 pF with a
tolerance of ±6%.
Ceramic capacitor color code.
Mica capacitor color code.
Q.19 Examine the three capacitors shown below. What is the capacitance of each?
Diodes
Biasing
electrical characteristics of a typical diode.
When a small voltage is applied to the diode in the forward direction, current flows easily.
Because the diode has a certain amount of resistance, the voltage will drop slightly as
current flows through the diode. A typical diode causes a voltage drop of about 0.6 - 1V (VF)
(In the case of silicon diode, almost 0.6V)
This voltage drop needs to be taken into consideration in a circuit which uses many diodes in
series. Also, the amount of current passing through the diodes must be considered.
When voltage is applied in the reverse direction through a diode, the diode will have a great
resistance to current flow.
Different diodes have different characteristics when reverse-biased. A given diode should be
selected depending on how it will be used in the circuit.
The current that will flow through a diode biased in the reverse direction will vary from
several mA to just µA, which is very small.
Types of Diodes
Some of the different types of diodes are:

• Light Emitting Diode (LED)
• Avalanche Diode
• Laser Diode
• Schottky Diodes
• Zener diode
• Photodiode
• Varicap Diode or Varactor Diode
• Rectifier Diode
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
It is one of the most popular type of diodes and when this diode permits the transfer of
electric current between the electrodes, light is produced. In most of the diodes, the
light (infrared) cannot be seen as they are at frequencies that do not permit visibility.
When the diode is switched on or forward biased, the electrons recombine with the
holes and release energy in the form of light (electroluminescence). The color of light
depends on the energy gap of the semiconductor.
Avalanche Diode
This type of diode operates in the reverse bias, and used avalanche effect for
its operation. The avalanche breakdown takes place across the entire PN
junction, when the voltage drop is constant and is independent of current.
Generally, the avalanche diode is used for photo-detection, wherein high
levels of sensitivity can be obtained by the avalanche process.
Laser Diode
This type of diode is different from the LED type, as it produces coherent light.
These diodes find their application in DVD and CD drives, laser pointers, etc.
Laser diodes are more expensive than LEDs. However, they are cheaper than
other forms of laser generators. Moreover, these laser diodes have limited life.
Schottky Diodes
These diodes feature lower forward voltage drop as compared to the ordinary silicon PN
junction diodes. The voltage drop may be somewhere between 0.15 and 0.4 volts at low
currents, as compared to the 0.6 volts for a silicon diode. In order to achieve this
performance, these diodes are constructed differently from normal diodes, with metal to
semiconductor contact. Schottky diodes are used in RF applications, rectifier applications
and clamping diodes.
Zener diode
This type of diode provides a stable reference voltage, thus is a very useful type
and is used in vast quantities. The diode runs in reverse bias, and breaks down on
the arrival of a certain voltage. A stable voltage is produced, if the current through
the resistor is limited. In power supplies, these diodes are widely used to provide a
reference voltage.
Photodiode
Photodiodes are used to detect light and feature wide, transparent junctions.
Generally, these diodes operate in reverse bias, wherein even small amounts
of current flow, resulting from the light, can be detected with ease.
Photodiodes can also be used to generate electricity, used as solar cells and
even in photometry.
Varicap Diode or Varactor Diode
This type of diode feature a reverse bias placed upon it, which varies the width of the
depletion layer as per the voltage placed across the diode. This diode acts as a
capacitor and capacitor plates are formed by the extent of conduction regions and
the depletion region as the insulating dielectric. By altering the bias on the diode, the
width of the depletion region changes, thereby varying the capacitance.
Rectifier Diode
These diodes are used to rectify alternating power inputs in power supplies. They
can rectify current levels that range from an amp upwards. If low voltage drops are
required, then Schottky diodes can be used, however, generally these diodes are PN
junction diodes.
Bipolar junction transistor
A bipolar (junction) transistor (BJT) is a three-terminal electronic device

constructed of doped semiconductor material and may be used in amplifier or
switching applications. Bipolar transistors are so named because their operation
involves both electrons and holes. Charge flow in a BJT is due to bidirectional
diffusion of charge carriers across a junction between two regions of different
charge concentrations. This mode of operation is contrasted with unipolar
transistors, such as, field effect transistor in which only one carrier type is involved
in charge flow due to drift. By design, most of the BJT collector current is due to
the flow of charges injected from a high-concentration emitter into the base
where they are minority carriers that diffuse toward the collector, and so BJTs are
classified as minority-carrier devices.
Transistor codes
There are three main series of transistor codes used in the UK:
• Codes beginning with B (or A), for example BC108, BC478
The first letter B is for silicon, A is for germanium (rarely used now). The second
letter indicates the type; for example C means low power audio frequency; D
means high power audio frequency; F means low power high frequency. The rest
of the code identifies the particular transistor. There is no obvious logic to the
numbering system. Sometimes a letter is added to the end (eg BC108C) to identify
a special version of the main type, for example a higher current gain or a different
case style. If a project specifies a higher gain version (BC108C) it must be used, but
if the general code is given (BC108) any transistor with that code is suitable.
• Codes beginning with TIP, for example TIP31A
TIP refers to the manufacturer: Texas Instruments Power transistor. The letter at
the end identifies versions with different voltage ratings.
• Codes beginning with 2N, for example 2N3053
The initial '2N' identifies the part as a transistor and the rest of the code identifies
the particular transistor. There is no obvious logic to the numbering system.
How a Transistor Works
Each transistor has a store of electrical charge that remains there until it is turned
on. In order to turn on a transistor, a small electrical charge needs to enter it via
the base. When this happens, the electrical charge opens up the collector, and a
more powerful charge leaves through the emitter. Electrical charge is measured in
milliamps, and the typical transistor will multiply an electrical charge by one
hundred times the number of milliamps it has. The electrical charge that is emitted
by a transistor will then flow through a route designated by however the
component it is attached to is designed. Complex electronics have many paths that
electrical currents need to travel on, and therefore many transistors will be needed
in order to constantly supply enough power to work the device.
Types of transistor
C
C
B B
E E
NPN PNP
There are two types of standard transistors, NPN and PNP, with different circuit
symbols. The letters refer to the layers of semiconductor material used to make
the transistor. Most transistors used today are NPN because this is the easiest type
to make from silicon. The leads are labelled base (B), collector (C) and emitter (E).
Transistor Resistance Values for the PNP transistor
and NPN transistor types
Between Transistor Terminals PNP NPN
Collector Emitter RHIGH RHIGH
Collector Base RLOW RHIGH
Emitter Collector RHIGH RHIGH
Emitter Base RLOW RHIGH
Base Collector RHIGH RLOW
Base Emitter RHIGH RLOW

A properly biased PNP transistor.
The first letter (P) in the PNP sequence indicates the polarity of the voltage required for
the emitter (positive), and the second letter (N) indicates the polarity of the base voltage (
negative). Since the base-collector junction is always reverse biased, then the opposite
polarity voltage (negative) must be used for the collector. Thus, the base of the PNP
transistor must be negative with respect to the emitter, and the collector must be more
negative than the base. Remember, just as in the case of the NPN transistor, this difference
in supply voltage is necessary to have current flow (hole flow in the case of the PNP
transistor) from the emitter to the collector. Although hole flow is the predominant type of
current flow in the PNP transistor, hole flow only takes place within the transistor itself,
while electrons flow in the external circuit. However, it is the internal hole flow that leads
to electron flow in the external wires connected to the transistor.
The forward-biased junction in a PNP transistor
With the bias setup shown, the positive terminal of the battery repels the emitter holes
toward the base, while the negative terminal drives the base electrons toward the emitter.
When an emitter hole and a base electron meet, they combine. For each electron that
combines with a hole, another electron leaves the negative terminal of the battery, and
enters the base. At the same time, an electron leaves the emitter, creating a new hole, and
enters the positive terminal of the battery. This movement of electrons into the base and
out of the emitter constitutes base current flow (IB), and the path these electrons take is
referred to as the emitter-base circuit.
The reverse-biased junction in a PNP transistor
In the reverse-biased junction the negative voltage on the collector and the positive voltage
on the base block the majority current carriers from crossing the junction.
However, this same negative collector voltage acts as forward bias for the minority current
holes in the base, which cross the junction and enter the collector. The minority current
electrons in the collector also sense forward bias-the positive base voltage-and move into the
base. The holes in the collector are filled by electrons that flow from the negative terminal of
the battery. At the same time the electrons leave the negative terminal of the battery, other
electrons in the base break their covalent bonds and enter the positive terminal of the
battery. Although there is only minority current flow in the reverse-biased junction, it is still
very small because of the limited number of minority current carriers.
PNP transistor operation
The interaction between the forward- and reverse-biased junctions in a PNP transistor is
very similar to that in an NPN transistor, except that in the PNP transistor, the majority
current carriers are holes. In the PNP transistor shown in figure, the positive voltage on
the emitter repels the holes toward the base. Once in the base, the holes combine with
base electrons. But again, remember that the base region is made very thin to prevent
the recombination of holes with electrons. Therefore, well over 90 percent of the holes
that enter the base become attracted to the large negative collector voltage and pass
right through the base. However, for each electron and hole that combine in the base
region, another electron leaves the negative terminal of the base battery (V BB) and
enters the base as base current (IB). At the same time an electron leaves the negative
terminal of the battery, another electron leaves the emitter as IE (creating a new hole)
and enters the positive terminal of VBB. Meanwhile, in the collector circuit, electrons
from the collector battery (VCC) enter the collector as Ic and combine with the excess
holes from the base. For each hole that is neutralized in the collector by an electron,
another electron leaves the emitter and starts its way back to the positive terminal of
VCC. Although current flow in the external circuit of the PNP transistor is opposite in
direction to that of the NPN transistor, the majority carriers always flow from the
emitter to the collector. This flow of majority carriers also results in the formation of
two individual current loops within each transistor. One loop is the base-current path,
and the other loop is the collector-current path. The combination of the current in both
of these loops (IB + IC) results in total transistor current (IE). The most important thing to
remember about the two different types of transistors is that the emitter-base voltage
of the PNP transistor has the same controlling effect on collector current as that of the
NPN transistor. In simple terms, increasing the forward-bias voltage of a transistor
reduces the emitter-base junction barrier. This action allows more carriers to reach the
collector, causing an increase in current flow from the emitter to the collector and
through the external circuit. Conversely, a decrease in the forward-bias voltage reduces
collector current.
An NPN Transistor Configuration
The transistor is a "CURRENT" operated device and that a large current (Ic) flows freely
through the device between the collector and the emitter terminals. However, this only
happens when a small biasing current (Ib) is flowing into the base terminal of the
transistor thus allowing the base to act as a sort of current control input. The ratio of
these two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current Gain of the device and is given the
symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta, (β). Beta has no units as it is a ratio. Also, the current
gain from the emitter to the collector terminal, Ic/Ie, is called Alpha, (α), and is a function
of the transistor itself. As the emitter current (Ie)is the product of a very small base
current to a very large collector current the value of this parameter α is very close to
unity, and for a typical low-power signal transistor this value ranges from about 0.950 to
0.999.
NPN transistor operation.
The bias batteries in this figure have been labeled V CC for the collector voltage supply,
and VBB for the base voltage supply. Also notice the base supply battery is quite small,
as indicated by the number of cells in the battery, usually 1 volt or less. However, the
collector supply is generally much higher than the base supply, normally around 6 volts.
As you will see later, this difference in supply voltages is necessary to have current flow
from the emitter to the collector. As stated earlier, the current flow in the external
circuit is always due to the movement of free electrons. Therefore, electrons flow from
the negative terminals of the supply batteries to the N-type emitter. This combined
movement of electrons is known as emitter current (IE). Since electrons are the majority
carriers in the N material, they will move through the N material emitter to the emitter-
base junction. With this junction forward biased, electrons continue on into the base
region. Once the electrons are in the base, which is a P-type material, they become
minority carriers. Some of the electrons that move into the base recombine with
available holes. For each electron that recombines, another electron moves out through
the base lead as base current IB (creating a new hole for eventual combination) and
returns to the base supply battery V BB. The electrons that recombine are lost as far as
the collector is concerned. Therefore, to make the transistor more efficient, the base
region is made very thin and lightly doped. This reduces the opportunity for an electron
to recombine with a hole and be lost. Thus, most of the electrons that move into the
base region come under the influence of the large collector reverse bias. This bias acts
as forward bias for the minority carriers (electrons) in the base and, as such, accelerates
them through the base-collector junction and on into the collector region. Since the
collector is made of an N-type material, the electrons that reach the collector again
become majority current carriers. Once in the collector, the electrons move easily
through the N material and return to the positive terminal of the collector supply
battery VCC as collector current (IC).
Transistor Configurations
Transistor circuits may be classified into three configurations based on which

terminal is common to both the input and the output of the circuit. These
configurations are: 1) the common-emitter configuration; 2) the common-base
configuration; and 3) the common-collector configuration.
Common-Emitter Transistor Configuration
The Vce-Ic Curves of an NPN transistor for different

Common-Emitter Transistor Configuration
values of Ib (Common-emitter Collector Characteristics)
The common-emitter (CE) transistor configuration is shown in Figure. In this configuration, the
transistor terminal common to both the input and the output of the circuit is the emitter. The
common-emitter configuration, which is also known as the 'grounded-emitter' configuration, is
the most widely used among the three configurations.
The input current and output voltage of the common-emitter configuration, which are the base
current Ib and the collector-emitter voltage Vce, respectively, are often considered as the
independent variables in this circuit. Its dependent variables, on the other hand, are the base-
emitter voltage Vbe (which is the input voltage) and the collector current Ic (which is the output
current). A plot of the output current Ic against the collector-emitter voltage Vce for different
values of Ib may be drawn for easier analysis of a transistor's input/output characteristics, as
shown in this Diagram of Vce-Ic Curves.
Common-Base Transistor Configuration
The Vcb-Ic Curves of an NPN transistor for different

Common-Base Transistor Configuration values of Emitter Current (Common-Base Output Characteristics)
The common-base (CB) transistor configuration, which is also known as the 'grounded base'
configuration, is shown in Figure . In this configuration, the terminal common to both the
input and the output of the circuit is the base.
The input current and output voltage of the common-base configuration, which are the
emitter current Ie and the collector-base voltage Vcb, respectively, are often considered as
the independent variables in this circuit. Its dependent variables, on the other hand, are the
emitter-base voltage Veb (which is the input voltage) and the collector current Ic (which is
the output current). A plot of the output current Ic against the collector-base voltage Vcb for
different values of Ie may be drawn for easier analysis of a transistor's input/output
characteristics, as shown in this Diagram of Vcb-Ic Curves.
Common-Collector Transistor Configuration
Common-Collector Transistor Configuration
The common-collector (CC) transistor configuration is shown in Figure 3. In this configuration,

the collector is common to both the input and the output of the circuit. This is basically the
same as the common-emitter configuration, except that the load is in the emitter instead of
the collector. Just like in the common-emitter circuit, the current flowing through the load
when the transistor is reverse-biased is zero, with the collector current being very small and
equal to the base current. As the base current is increased, the transistor slowly gets out of
cut-off, goes into the active region, and eventually becomes saturated. Once saturated, the
voltage across the load becomes maximum, while the voltage Vce across the collector and
emitter of the transistor goes down to a very low value, i.e., as low as a few tens of millivolts
for germanium and 0.2 V for silicon transistors.
Transistor Configuration Comparison Chart
AMPLIFIER TYPE COMMON BASE COMMON EMITTER COMMONCOLLECTOR
INPUT/OUTPUT 0º 180º 0º
PHASE
RELATIONSHIP
VOLTAGE GAIN HIGH MEDIUM LOW
CURRENT GAIN LOW MEDIUM HIGH
POWER GAIN LOW HIGH MEDIUM
INPUT RESISTANCE LOW MEDIUM HIGH
OUTPUT HIGH MEDIUM LOW

RESISTANCE
Regions of operation
Bipolar transistors have four distinct regions of operation, defined mostly by applied bias:
• Forward-active (or simply, active): The emitter-base junction is forward biased and the
base-collector junction is reverse biased. Most bipolar transistors are designed to afford
the greatest common-emitter current gain, in forward-active mode. If this is the case, the
collector-emitter current is approximately proportional to the base current, but many
times larger, for small base current variations.
• Reverse-active (or inverse-active or inverted): By reversing the biasing conditions of the
forward-active region, a bipolar transistor goes into reverse-active mode. In this mode,
the emitter and collector regions switch roles. Because most BJTs are designed to
maximize current gain in forward-active mode, the in inverted mode is several (2-3 for the
ordinary germanium transistor) times smaller. This transistor mode is seldom used, usually
being considered only for failsafe conditions and some types of bipolar logic. The reverse
bias breakdown voltage to the base may be an order of magnitude lower in this region.
• Saturation: With both junctions forward-biased, a BJT is in saturation mode and facilitates
high current conduction from the emitter to the collector. This mode corresponds to a
logical "on", or a closed switch.
• Cutoff: In cutoff, biasing conditions opposite of saturation (both junctions reverse biased)
are present. There is very little current flow, which corresponds to a logical "off", or an
open switch.
Integrated Chip
Another name for a chip, an integrated circuit (IC) is a small electronic device made out of a
semiconductor material. The first integrated circuit was developed in the 1950s by Jack Kilby of
Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor.
Integrated circuits are used for a variety of devices, including microprocessors, audio and video
equipment, and automobiles. Integrated circuits are often classified by the number of
transistors and other electronic components they contain:
•SSI (small-scale integration): Up to 100 electronic components per chip
•MSI (medium-scale integration): From 100 to 3,000 electronic components per chip
•LSI (large-scale integration): From 3,000 to 100,000 electronic components per chip
•VLSI (very large-scale integration): From 100,000 to 1,000,000 electronic components per chip
•ULSI (ultra large-scale integration): More than 1 million electronic components per chip.
There are two major kinds of ICs:
• analog (or linear) which are used as amplifiers, timers and oscillators
• digital (or logic) which are used in microprocessors and memories
Some ICs are combinations of both analog and digital.
Manufacturing
Integrated circuits are made using a process called photolithography. A

pure crystal of silicone, called the substrate, is placed in a chamber. A thin
layer of silicone dioxide is deposited on the substrate, followed by another
chemical layer, called a resist. The wafer is then exposed to ultraviolet light
shone through a mask of the circuit. Depending on the type of resist, the
light either makes it harder or easier to dissolve with the developer
solution. This process is repeated many times, resulting in layers of
semiconductor devices and conducting tracks. Hundreds of chips are made
on each silicone wafer, which are cutout by a laser before being mounted
in packages.
Markings
The chip name and manufacturer is usually printed on top in white

lettering, and there will also be a notch or dot on one edge. Pins on a dual
in-line package are numbered counter-clockwise when looking from
above, with the notch at the 12 o'clock position. The first pin is at the top-
left corner, and the last pin is at the top-right corner.
Uses for Integrated Circuits
In consumer electronics, ICs have made possible the development of many

new products, including personal calculators and computers, digital watches,
and video games. They have also been used to improve or lower the cost of
many existing products, such as appliances, televisions, radios, and high-
fidelity equipment.
Computer technology, in particular, has benefited greatly. The logic and
arithmetic functions of a small computer can now be performed on a single
VLSI chip called a microprocessor, and the complete logic, arithmetic, and
memory functions of a small computer can be packaged on a single printed
circuit board, or even on a single chip.
PACKAGING TECHNIQUES
Once the IC has been produced, it requires a housing that will protect it
from damage. This damage could result from moisture, dirt, heat,
radiation, or other sources. The housing protects the device and aids in its
handling and connection into the system in which the IC is used. The three
most common types of packages are the modified TRANSISTOR-OUTLINE
(TO) PACKAGE, the FLAT PACK, and the DUAL INLINE PACKAGE (DIP).
Transistor-Outline Package
(B)
(A)
The transistor-outline (TO) package was developed from early experience with
transistors. It was a reliable package that only required increasing the number of
leads to make it useful for ICs. Leads normally number between 2 and 12, with 10
being the most common for IC applications. Figure (B) is an exploded view of a TO-
5 package. Once the IC has been attached to the header, bonding wires are used to
attach the IC to the leads. The cover provides the necessary protection for the
device. Figure (B) is an enlarged photo of an actual TO-5 with the cover removed.
Flat Pack
Many types of IC flat packs are being produced in various sizes and materials.
These packages are available in square, rectangular, oval, and circular
configurations with 10 to 60 external leads. They may be made of metal, ceramic,
epoxy, glass, or combinations of those materials. Only the ceramic flat pack will be
discussed here. It is representative of all flat packs with respect to general package
requirements
Dual in-line package
DIP-8 DIP-14 DIP-16 DIP-18 DIP-20 DIP-24 DIP-28 DIP-40
In microelectronics, a dual in-line package (DIP), sometimes called a DIL-package

(for Dual In Line-package),is an electronic device package with a rectangular
housing and two parallel rows of electrical connecting pins. The pins are all
parallel, point downward, and extend past the bottom plane of the package at
least enough to be through-hole mounted to a printed circuit board (PCB), i.e. to
pass through holes on the PCB and be soldered on the other side. Generally, a DIP
is relatively broadly defined as any rectangular package with two uniformly spaced
parallel rows of pins pointing downward, whether it contains an IC chip or some
other device(s), and whether the pins emerge from the sides of the package and
bend downwards or emerge directly from the bottom of the package and are
completely straight.
Orientation and lead numbering
Pin numbering is counter-clockwise.
When a DIP is viewed from the top with the in-line lead rows horizontal, the leads are sequentially
numbered counterclockwise, with lead numbers increasing from left to right across the bottom
edge and from right to left across the top edge. Finding any given lead is simply a matter of finding
lead 1 and then counting counterclockwise. Because the dual-inline lead arrangement has radial
symmetry, the layout looks the same if the package is rotated 180 degrees; therefore, to resolve
this ambiguity, one end of every DIP is marked with an orientation notch, a dot, or both. The
notch is centered between the lead rows and may extend all the way through the end of the
package or may be just cut into the top of the end, but it is almost always present. The dot will be
on top of the corner of the package at the same end as the notch, if both are present, and it will
usually be a molded depression, though it may be raised or even, rarely (except for ceramic
packages), merely a printed mark. When the package is viewed from the top side, lead 1 is the
lead at the corner with the dot, or it is the lead counterclockwise from the notch (that is,
counterclockwise around the center of the package). Lead 1 is always in the same inline row as
lead 2.
Bread Board
Building Circuits on Breadboards
Uses of Breadboards
A breadboard is used to make up temporary circuits for
testing or to try out an idea. No soldering is required so it is
easy to change connections and replace components. Parts
will not be damaged so they will be available to re-use
afterwards.
The photograph shows a circuit on a typical small breadboard

which is suitable for beginners building simple circuits with
one or two ICs (chips).
Connections on Breadboards
Breadboards have many tiny sockets
(called 'holes') arranged on a 0.1" grid.
The leads of most components can be
pushed straight into the holes. ICs are
inserted across the central gap with their
notch or dot to the left. Wire links can be
made with single-core plastic-coated wire
NE555
of 0.6mm diameter (the standard size).
Stranded wire is not suitable because it
will crumple when pushed into a hole and
it may damage the board if strands break
off.
The diagram shows how the breadboard

holes are connected.
The top and bottom rows are linked horizontally all the way across. The power supply is connected to
these rows, + at the top and 0V (zero volts) at the bottom. I suggest using the upper row of the bottom
pair for 0V, then you can use the lower row for the negative supply with circuits requiring a dual supply
(e.g. +9V, 0V, -9V).
The other holes are linked vertically in blocks of 5 with no link across the centre. Notice how there are
separate blocks of connections to each pin of ICs.
Large Breaboards
On larger breadboards there may be a break halfway along the top and bottom power supply rows. It is a
good idea to link across the gap before you start to build a circuit, otherwise you may forget and part of
your circuit will have no power!
THE © John Hewes 2006, The Electronics Club, www.kpsec.freeuk.com

ELECTRONICS
CLUB This document may be copied for educational purposes.
Building a Circuit on Breadboard
Converting a circuit diagram to a breadboard layout is not straightforward because the arrangement of
components on breadboard will look quite different from the circuit diagram. When putting parts on
breadboard you must concentrate on their connections, not their positions on the circuit diagram. The IC
(chip) is a good starting point so place it in the centre of the breadboard and work round it pin by pin,
putting in all the connections and components for each pin in turn.
+9V
47k
R1
10k 8 4
7
555
6 timer 3
2 1 5 470
trigger +
0.01µ
C1
100µ
0V
Monostable Circuit Diagram

The best way to explain this is by example, so the process of building this 555 timer circuit on breadboard
is listed step-by-step on the next page.
The circuit is a monostable which means it will turn on the LED for about 5 seconds when the 'trigger'
button is pressed. The time period is determined by R1 and C1 and you may wish to try changing their
values. R1 should be in the range 1kΩ to 1MΩ.
Time Period, T = 1.1 × R1 × C1
IC pin numbers
8 7 6 5 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
IC pins are numbered anti-clockwise around the IC starting in
the bottom left-hand corner, near the notch or dot. The diagram
shows the numbering for 8-pin and 14-pin ICs, but the principle NE555 4001B
is the same for all sizes.
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Components without suitable leads

Some components such as switches and variable resistors do
not have suitable leads of their own so you must solder some
on yourself. Use single-core plastic-coated wire of 0.6mm
diameter (the standard size). Stranded wire is not suitable
because it will crumple when pushed into a hole and it may
damage the board
if strands break off.

ELECTRONICS
Building the example circuit
Begin by carefully insert the 555 IC in the centre of the breadboard with its notch or dot to the left. Then
deal with each pin of the 555:
Pin 1: Connect a wire (black) to 0V.
Pin 2: Connect the 10k resistor to +9V.
Connect a push switch to 0V (you will need to solder leads onto the switch)
Pin 3: Connect the 470 resistor to an used block of 5 holes, then...
Connect an LED (any colour) from that block to 0V (short lead to 0V).
Pin 4: Connect a wire (red) to +9V.
Pin 5: Connect the 0.01µF capacitor to 0V.
You will probably find that its leads are too short to connect directly, so put in a wire
link to an unused block of holes and connect to that.
Pin 6: Connect the 100µF capacitor to 0V (+ lead to pin 6).
Connect a wire (blue) to pin 7.
Pin 7: Connect 47k resistor to +9V.
Check: there should be a wire already connected to pin 6.
Pin 8: Connect a wire (red) to +9V.
Finally...
• Check all the connections carefully.
• Check that parts are the correct way round (LED and 100µF capacitor).
• Check that no leads are touching (unless they connect to the same block).
• Connect the breadboard to a 9V supply and press the push switch to test the circuit.
If your circuit does not work disconnect (or switch off) the power supply and very carefully re-check
every connection against the circuit diagram on the previous page.
+
+
+
9V
100µF
Power
25V
NE555 Supply
0.01
Monostable Circuit on Breadboard

ELECTRONICS
Cables & Tools
BNC to BNC Cable BNC to Crocodile Cable
Banana Male Connector Banana Female Connector
Hook up Wire 23 SWG Wire Cutter
Wire Stripper
Function Generator
I.
!III
10 MHz AM FM FUNCTION GENERATOR

COUNTER SM5078 . INTRODUCTION
10 MHz AM FM FUNCTION GENERATOR
Table of Contents COUNTEB SM5078
1. Introduction ,........................... 3
2. TechnicalSpecifications .......................... 4 . Frequency Range 0.5 Hz to 10 MHz
3. FrontPanelControls "... """"".. 8
.
4. Rear Panel Controls................................ 10 Operating Modes: Function Generator, Frequency
5. Operation """ """""" """" 11 Counter, Amplitude Display
General
Safety
Information....................................
..,... ...,.. .........
11
11
. Modulation :- AM Standard & Balance, FM Int. & Ext., PWM,
OperatingConditions""""""""""""","'" 12 PAM
FirstTime Operation 12
ModeSelection ",""""""""""""""""""
, ,... ... ..,... ... .....
12 . Function Generator: -Sine, Square, Triangle, Ramp, Pulse,
Use as Function Generator... ... ... .., .., ... ... .... 12 Invert Ramp, Invert Pulse, TIL, DC
Modulation """"""",,"""""""""""""""" 15
AmplitudeModulation """""""""""""""" 15 . Digital Frequency Readout. Digital Amplitude Readout
AMStandard ,""""""""""""""""""""'" 15 . DC-Offset Adjustment
AMBalanced 16
Frequency
,
Modulation...
,.........................
,. ... ... ..... 16 . Internal Sweep Facilities. Square Wave Risetime Typ. 35 ns
Pulse Width Modulation ."""""""" ............. 17 The various signals available from the SM5078 AM FM FUNCTION
Pulse AmplitudeModulation ... """ ........ 17
ExternalControlVCF ,......................... 18 GENERATOR COUNTER makes it a versatile signal source useful
Use as Programmed Frequency Generator '"
19 for most measurement and test applications. Its low frequency ranges
Use as Sweep Function Generator... .., ... ... ... 20
DC Offset ',.., ', "'..""'" ........... 20 are particularly well suited for simulating mechanical and servo
TriggerOutput , , , ,.. ..,..,... ,.. ... ,.. , 21 techniques.
Use as ExternalFrequencyCounter.., .... 21
6. Maintenance " ,..., ,. 22 Frequencies are read out on a 5 digit LED dIsplay with a maximum
Power Line Fuse Replacement ... ... ... ... ... ... 22
7. Despatch Procedure for Service... ... ... ..... 23 resolution of 1 mHz. Additional quality features include the relatively
8. List of Service Centers ... ... ... ............. 24
low distortion factor of the genera~ed signals and constant
amplitude flatness throughout the entire frequency range of the
instrument. All outputs are short-circuit-proof in SM5078. The
Aug 2006 Edition Rev 1,2 SM5078 can also be used in the sweep mode with an internal or
external signal source.
2
3
""
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Triangular wave

Frequency . 0.5 Hz to 10 MHz
Triangular Non-Linearity < 1% (upto 100 kHz)

Ramp & Pulse wave
, OPERATING MODES: Sine, Square,Triangle, Ramp, Pulse, Invert
Frequency 0.5 Hz to 3 MHz
Ramp, Invert Pulse, TTL, DC. Free running, internal sweep or
Polarity +ve or -ve selectable
external frequency modulation, AM Standard & Balanced, PWM,
PAM. with or without DC offset Frequency Display Accuracy: upto 5 Hz: :!:(1%+ 3 digit)
Frequency Range 0.5 Hz to 10 MHz in 8 decade 5 Hz to 10 MHz: :!:(5x10-5 + 10)

steps, variable control: x 0.1 to Output (short circuit proof)
x1 (1:10) (Multiturn for accurate Output voltage 10 Vpp into 500, max 20 Vpp
Setting) open circuit
Frequency Stability < 0.5%1h or 0.8% 124hat Attenuation Max. 60 dB,
constant ambient temperature 2 steps: 20 dB :!:0.2 dB each
(Mediumposition of frequency Variable: 0 to 20 dB
control) Amplitude Flatness (sine 1triangle)
Waveform Characteristics 0.5 Hz to 0.5 MHz: max. :!:0.2dB
Sine wave 0.5 MHz to 5 MHz: max.:!:0.5dB
Frequency 0.5 Hz to 10 MHz 5 MHz to 10 MHz: max.:!: 3 dB
Sine Wave Distortion 0.5 Hz to 100 kHz: max. 0.5% Output Impedance Switchable 50 0 1600 0
0.1 MHz to 0.5 MHz: max. 1.5% DC Offset Variable Offset range: max.
0.5 MHz to 3 MHz: max. 3% :!:2.5V into 500, max.:!: 5V
3 MHz to 10 MHz: max. 5% open circuit
Square wave Trigger Output Square wave synchronous to
Frequency 0.5 Hz to 10 MHz
signal output; Approx. +5V (TTL)
Square Wave Risetime Typ. =:35 ns (10 to 90%) BNC connector.
Overshoot ~ 5% (when output is terminated Amplitude Modulation input BNC connector on rear panel
with 500) Modulation Depth 0 to 100 % (approx.)
4 5
II' .. I.
Band width DC to 20 kHz Accuracy +2%
Carrier Frequency : up to 10 MHz General information
Input Voltage : :t30 V max. Display 5 digit for Function Generator

and 5 Digit for Frequency
Pulse Width Modulation input (VCF): BNC connector on rear
Counter, 0.5", 7 segment LED
panel Supply 230 V, :t 10%, 50 Hz,
Input Voltage :t 30 V max. Power consumption 36 VA approx , Fuse 0.2 A
Modulation Index 15 to 85 % approx.

OperatingConditions O°C to +50°C., RH 95% (Max.)
Dimensions(mm) W: 205, H: 95, 0: 292 (mm)
FM input (VCF) BNC connector on rear panel
Weight Approx 1.5 Kg.
Frequency change approx. 1:100 Accessories Manual, BNC - BNC & Line
Input Impedance 50kQ II 25 pF Cord
Input Voltage :t 30 V max.
Internal Sweep Sweep speed: 20 ms to 4s Values without tolerances are intended as guidelines and represent
Sweep Range: approx. 1:100. characteristics of the average instrument. .
Pulse Amplitude Modulation
i-, ( Subject to Change)
Input Voltage :t 30 V max. via AM rear BNC
Depth of Modulation 80 % or better
Frequency Counter
Frequency Counter Internal! External, Auto ranging
Frequency Range 10 Hz to 40 MHz
Accuracy :t (5x 10 -5 + 10)
Input Sensitivity 50 mVrmsto 500 mVrms
Input Voltage 150 Vrmsmax.
Input Impedance 1 MO II 50 pF
Amplitude Display
Display Range 20 mVpp to 20 Vpp (Ref.
Frequency 100 kHz)
6 7
--'
~
FRONT PANEL CONTROLS
' ' " @ MODE: When pressed function generator, frequency counter or
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! I ! ! I i @ LEVEL (adjusting knob): When TRIG pushbutton pressed, the
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trigger level can be set
1:10: When pressed the input signal to the frequency counter is

attenuated 10 times.
"
w, tqJ,~ m B B m mm
, ,
, ,, " ,
, III
@ SPEED: Setting of wobbulation speed in Sweep mode,
;"i>101,(ijll01@~~r@ I@" @ FUNC : Function s'election switch (DC, Triangle, Sine, Square,
Ramp, Pulse),
@ I @i @ SWEEP: Activates the internal Sweep mode,

(?) I Iii 1@ 11:,1. @ ~,
sj I~' @I \81 I~ I~) (~ @ WIDTH: Setting of wobbulation width in sweep mode.
POWER: Push buttonswitch for supplyingpower to instrument
@ INV: When selected inverts the Pulse / Ramp output
@ DIGITAL DISPLAY: 5 digit for function generator, 5 digit for @ PULSE D1: When Pulse function is selected the duty cycle can
frequency meter & 3 digit for amplitude display, LED indicators
for operating modes,functions and'units display. be adjusted with the help of PULSE DT potentiometer.
@ Trig: Used in Frequency Counter mode, in normal condition
@ OFFSET: When selected DC offset voltage is superimposed on
triggering is automatic, and when pushbuttonTRIG pressed the the final signal output
trigger level can be set with the help of LEVEl. LEO indicationfor
@ OFFSET (Potentiometer control) Adjustment of the positive or
triggered signal.
negative offset voltage in OFFSET mode. The max. offset voltage
@ & @ RANGE: Frequencyrange selection from 0.5 Hz to 10 MHz
is:t 5V (o.c.) or :t 2.5V when terminated with 50 Q.
in 8 decade steps.
@ AMPLITUDE: Continuous adjustment of the output amplitude
@ FREQUENCY: (adjusting knob) Continuous and linear from 0 to - 20 dB .
frequency fine adjustment, overlapping the ranges selected,
@ 50Q/600Q: Selectsthe output impedanceat the output BNC.
Setting rangefrom xO.09 to x 1.1( approx.)of the selected range. .= ,
~ TTL : TTL synchronousoutput to the signal output

<1) EXT IN (BNC CONNECTOR):- Input to frequency Counter(MAX
150 Vrms) @ & @ -20 dB : When pressed the output sigflal gets attenuated
8 9
by 20 dB fixed attenuator. When both attenuator pushbuttons are
OPERATION
activated, a total attenuation of 40 dB results. Including the
amplitude control @ the max. attenuation amounts to 60 dB

General Information
(factor 1000).
The logical front panel layout of SM5078 ensures rapid familiarization
@ OUTPUT (BNC connector): Short-circuit-proof signal output of with the various functions. However, even experienced operators
the generator. The output impedance is 50 0/6000, and the max. should not neglect to carefully read the following instructions, to avoid
output amplitude is 20 Vpp (o.c.) or 10 Vpp respectively when any operational errors and to be fully acquainted with the instrument
terminated with 50 0.( For Pulse output 10 Vpp in open circuit when later in use.
and 5 Vpp when terminated in 50 0) After unpacking the instrument, check for any mechanical damage or
REAR PANEL CONTROLS loose parts inside. Should there be any transportation damage,
inform the supplier immediately and do not put the instrument into
operation.
Safety
The case chasis and all measuring parts are connected to the
protective earth contact of the inlet. The mains plug shall only be
1(1
inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact.
The protective action must not be negated by the use of an extension
cord without a protective conductor.
WARNING!
@ FM (BNC connector): External inputfor FM.
@ AMBAl (BNC connector) : external inputfor AM Balance. ANY INTERRUPTION OF THE PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR
INSIDE OR OUTSIDE THE INSTRUMENT OR DISCONNECTION
@ PWM (BNC connector): External inputfor PWM .
OF THE PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMINAL IS LIKELY TO MAKE
@ AMSTD (BNC connector) : Externalinput for AM Standard.
THE INSTRUMENT DANGEROUS. INTENTIONAL INTERRUPTION
@ Mains: Mainsinput230VAC50 Hz:!:10%. IS PROHIBITED. THE MAINS! LINE PLUG SHOULD BE INSERTED
@ Fuse: Mains fuse assembly. Spare fuse for mains is kept BEFORE CONNECTIONS ARE MADE TO MEASURING CIRCUITS.
inside. When removing the metal case or replacing, the instrument must be
completely disconnected from the mains supply. If any measurement
10 11
--.J
Oscilloscope
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Introduction
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scienl:iFic
30 MHz Multifunction Oscilloscope
J with 4 traces, 1m V sensitivity,
,
-J
Alternate Trigger, Overscan,
'Uncal' indicators
Built in Component Tester
, .
,.
The new SCIENTIFIC SM511 is truly VERSATILE and highly RELIABLE

] STANDARD oscilloscope. It is latest in style, fully solid state & flat line dual trace
,
-J
oscilloscope especially designed for every application in Industry and Service.
The multitude of operating modes, functional layout of panel, consistent with quality
construction and performance makes it IDEAL for training and education.
Both vertical amplifiers have fixed and variable attenuator positions with extending
] sensitivity to 1mV/Div. Single or Dual trace operation, with ADDITION and
DIFFERENCE of Channels and X-Y MATCHED operation increases its utility for
even advance applications. Reliable triggering is ensured up to at least 60 MHz and
] trigger facility includes alternate triggering. Other trigger features are variable Hold-off
time, HF & LF filters and a separate TV sync separator for viewing complex TV
signals. The LED indicates when the sweep is triggered. Sweep ranges from 20ns/div. to
J 0.2s/div. ensures optimum resolution of slow and fast signals. A RECTANGULAR
CRT with 8 X 10 div. INTERNAL GRATICULE permits parallax free viewing.
., SM511 has a BUILTIN SINGLE TOUCH COMPONENT TESTER, which is very
-J useful for testing, maintenance and service work.
SM511 is a highly engineered Oscilloscope. The entire circuit and switching operations
J are laid on GLASS EPOXY printed boards having lacquer masking. Besides this, PCB
Layout with part numbers of the components marked on it shall be very helpful in
maintenance and servicing of the Oscilloscope. All the switches and preset controls have
1 plastic sealed wafers, which are completely DUST FREE. Maximum use of SM511
.......
represents a State of Art, that is rarely found in this range.
Housed in attractive techno brown cabinet SM511 is an ideal choice for Design,
J Training, ,Industryand Service.
J
J
J 1
SM511
J
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---' Technical Specification
---"
i TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
J OPERATING MODES
CH.I, CH.II separate,
HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION (X)
Deflection Coefficients: same as CH.II
CH.I & CH.II alternate or chopped Bandwidth: DC - 3.0 MHz (- 3 dB)
J (Chop. freq. 0.5 MHz approx.)

Dual Display: x I-x 10 (4 trace in DUAL
Input: Via channel II (See Y specification)
Input Impedance:1MohmII 25pF(approx.)
-.J
, CH.I, CH.II mode)
Sum and difference: :i: CH.I :i: CH.II
(with invert buttons for both channels)
X-Y Mode: Same sensitivity in both
directions. (CH.I as Y & CH.II as X)
X-Y Phase Shift: < 3° upto 100 KHz
COMPONENT TESTER
Test Voltage: approx 8.5 Vnns(opencircuit)
Test Current: approx 8 mAnTIS (short circuit)
Test Frequency: 50 Hz (line frequency)
J VERTICALDEFLECTION 00
Both Channels:
Test Connections: 2 banana jacks 4 mm
dia. One test lead grounded to chassis
Bandwidth: DC-30 MHz (-3dB) Continuity Tester: Beeps when < 100 n,
J Rise Time: 11.6 ns (approx.)

Deflection Coefficients: 1mV to 20V/div.,
12 Calibrated steps 5 mV/div. to 20 V/div.
GENERAL INFORMATION
(Mains voltage 220V).
in 1-2-5 sequence with variable to 2 mV/div; Cathode Ray Tube:

J with x 5 to ImV/div. (DC-I0MHz)
LED indication for 'uncal' position of
variable gain, in both channels.
140mmRectangular flat face, quick heating,
10 x 8 div. CRT with internal graticule
marking and mumetal shielding.
Accuracy: :i: 3% (in cal position) Accelerating Voltage: 2000V (Approx.)
J Input Impedance:1MohmII 25pF(approx.)
Input Coupling: DC-AC-GND
Trace Rotation: Adjustable on front panel
Z-Modulation: Positive TTL level
Input Volts (max): 400 V(DC + peak AC) (rear side)
J Overscan: LED indication for trace out of

screen, either on top or bottom side.
Calibrator: Square wave 0.2V & 2V :t 1 %
1 KHz (approx.) for probe compensation.
Stabilized Power Supply:
TIMEBASE ill All voltages including EHT
J Time Coefficients: 18 calibrated steps
0.5 Jls/div. to O.2s/div.in 1-2-5 sequence
with variable to 0.2Jls/div., with magnifier
Mains voltages: 220 - 240 V, 50 Hz
(switch at rear side)
Mains Fluctuation: :t 10% (max.)
x 10t020ns/div. Power Consumption: 40 VA (approx.)
j Accuracy: :i: 3% (in cal position)
LED indication for 'uncal' position of
Weight: 8 Kg. (approx.)
Operating condition: 0-40°C, 90% RH
Timebase variable control. Dimensions: (mm) W 285-H 145-D 380
Finish: Techno brown with Handle cum
J Hold-Off Time: Variable control 10:1
(approx.)
Sweep Output: 5Vpp approx. (rear side)
tilting stand.
ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED
TRIGGER SYSTEM
J Triggering Modes: Auto or Normal,
Manual: 1 No.
Test prods: 1 pair
BNC-BNC Cable: 1 No.
LED indication for trigger action
Source: CH.I, CH.II, ALT, line, Ext. BNC-Test Lead: 1 No. L-
-3 Coupling: AC-DC-HF-LF
Slope: Positive or Negative
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
TV Sync: Active TV Sync separator Switchable Probes x I-x 10, Probes x 100
50n Termination, Differential Probe
j provided for line and frame TV:H & TV:V
(values marked on TB Switch)
Trigger Bandwidth: DC-40 MHz
Carrying Case
Sensitivity: Internal O.5div,Ext. 0.5 V (Subject to Change)
-J
SM511 2
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L L t-..J L L LA L LA w w w La w L.. L-J L.t l-- l---, II;,. ~ L.....
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--- ---.
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---1 Front Panel Controls
.,
-.-1 ,
, 1. POWER
FRONT PANEL CONTROLS
Pushbutton switch to turn scope ON and OFF.

'" (PH Switch + LED) LED indicates 'POWER ON' condition.
--'
,J
2.
3.
INTENS.
(Knob)
FOCUS
(Knob)
Intensity control to adjust Brightness of CRT display.
Focus control to adjust Sharpness of CRT display.
.,
I 4. TR Trace Rotation Pot.
-..JJ
Screw driver adjustment for alignment of trace with graticule.
Compensates influence of earth's magnetic field.
J 5. X-V Switch when pressed, cuts off internal Timebase and selects
(PH Switch) X-V operation. (X signal via CH.ll)
.,
~ 6. X-POS Controls Horizontal Position of trace.
----
, 7.
(Knob)
HOLD OFF Controls Hold Off time between Sweeps in the ratio 1:10 approx.
(Knob) (Normal (Cal) position - fully counterclockwise.)
" 8. TRIG.
-- I
(LED)
LED glows, if Sweep is triggered.
-,
- I
9. TV SEP.
(Lever switch)
TV sync separator.
OFF - Normal operation.
-. TV: H - Line or Horizontal Frequency.
TV: V - Frame or Vertical Frequency.
..,.J
10. TRIG Selects internal Trigger Coupling Mode.
,. AC-DC-HF-LF-- AC - 10Hzto 20MHz
-- (Lever switch) DC - DC to 20MHz
HF - 15kHz to 40MHz
..., LF - DC to 1kHz
-..,; -
LINE - Internal line triggering.
, I
,..J
11. +/- Selects the Slope of Trigger Signal.
+ - rising edge.
(PH Switch)
- falling edge.
t
~ 12. TIMEID IV Selects Timebase speeds from O.5flS/div. to O.2S/div.
(Rotary switch)
,
".
SM511 4
....
-.,J
,
J
~ - -
I: ~
I
Front Panel Controls
r
13. Variable Timebase variable control.
(Center knob + LED) Increases Timebase speed in the ratio I: 2.5 approx.
r Cal. Position - fully counterclockwise, LED OFF.
Uncal Position - LED ON.
14. EXT. Switch when pressed selects External Triggering.

r
(PB Switch) (Trigger signal via TRIG.INP. 15)
Switch when released, selects Internal Triggering.
r 15. TRIG. INP. Input for External Trigger Signal.

(BNC connector)
r
16. AT/NORM. Switch in out position - Automatic Triggering.
] (PB Switch) (Trace visible without signal.)
Switch pressed - Normal Triggering with Level control.
(Trace invisible without signal.)
J 17. LEVEL
(Knob)
Adjusts trigger point of the Signal from +ve peak to -ve peak,
if AT/NORM PB switch (16) is pressed.
J 18. X-MAG xlO Switch when pressed, magnifies Trace or Signal 10 times in
(PB Switch) X-direction. On O.5~S/div.range, this improves timebase speed
~ to 50nS/div.
19. DUAL xl - xlO Switch when pressed displays the original trace as well as its 10
~ times magnified version, at a time.
In DUAL channel mode it displays 4 traces.
J 20. TRACE SEP Controls vertical position of the magnified trace only when
switch DUAL xl- xlO is pressed.
J 21. CT Switch when pressed converts the instrument from oscilloscope

(PB Switch& 4mmsocket) to Component Tester Mode.
One test lead is connected to CT socket and the second test lead
is connected to ground (24. or 36.) socket.
J 22. Y-POS. I Controls Vertical position of CH.I trace.
(Knob)
J 23. INVERT (CH.I) Switch when pressed, inverts the polarity of CH.l signal.
(PB Switch) In combination with ADD switch, used for algebraic addition or
J 24. CH.I
difference oftwo channels.
Signal input for CRI, Input Impedance IM.Q II 25pF.
J 25.
(BNC connector)
GROUND Separate Ground socket.

(4l1lm socket)
J SM511 5
j
j
~
:J
~
l
U Front Panel Controls
26. AC/DC/GD Input coupling switches for CH.I

W (PH Switches) AC - Both switches in out position.
Signal is capacitively coupled, DC is blocked.
(J DC - ACIDC switch pressed, GD switch in out position.
All components(AC & DC) of the signal are passed.
GD - GD switch pressed. ACIDC switch may be at any
position. Signal is disconnected, lIP of vertical
CJ amplifier is grounded.
27. tmV Switch when pressed magnifies the input signal of CH.I,
[J (PH Switch + LED) 5 times in Y-direction. On 5mV position, this improves the
sensitivity of CH.I to 1mV.
LED indication for x5 action.
LJ 28. VOL TS/DIV. CH.I Input Attenuator. Selects input sensitivity in mV/div.or
~
(Rotary switch) V/div. in 1-2-5 sequence.
29. VAR-GAIN Continuously variable gain between the calibrated positions of
(Centerknob+ LED) the VOLTSIDIV. switch for CR!.
Increases sensitivity by a ratio 1: 2.5
LJ Cal. Position - fully counterclockwise, LED OFF.
On 5mv range, when knob turned fully clockwise, sensitivity
becomes 2mV.
30. CH.I/II- TRIG.I/II Switch in out position - CH.I only & internal trigger from CH.I
(PH Switch) Switch pressed - CH.n only & internaltrigger from CH.n
In DUAL & ADD mode, switch selects internal trigger signal.
31. DUAL Switch in out position - Single Channel separately.

(PH Switch) Only DUALSwitch pressed - CH.I& CH.n in alternatemode.
DUAL+ADD switches pressed - CH.I & CH.n in CHOP mode.
32. ADD Only ADD switch pressed - Algebraic addition or difference of

(PH Switch) CH.I & CHon, in combination with INVERT switches.
33. VOLTS/DIV. CH.n Input Attenuator -Selects input sensitivity in mV/div. or

(Rotary switch) V/div. in 1-2-5sequence.
34. VAR-GAIN Continuously variable gain between the calibrated positions of

(Centerknob+ LED) the VOLTSIDIV. switch for CH.n.
Increases sensitivity by a ratio 1: 2.5
Cat. Position - fully counterclockwise, LED OFF.
On 5mv range, when knob turned fully clockwise, sensitivity
becomes 2mV.
SM511 6
. -- --
~
1
'-"
~
~ Front Panel Controls
35. 1mV Switch when pressed magnifies the input signal of CH.II
(PB Switch + LED) 5 times in Y-direction. On 5mV position, this improves the
sensitivity ofCH.II to ImV.
LED indication for x5 action.
~
tJ
36. AC/DC/GD Input coupling switches for CH.II
AC - Both switches in out position.
(PB Switches)
Signal is capacitively coupled, DC is blocked.
I DC - ACIDC switch pressed, GD switch in out position.
~ All components (AC & DC) of the signal are passed.

GD - GD switch pressed. ACIDC switch may be at any
position. Signal is disconnected, lIP of vertical
amplifier is grounded.
W 37. GROUND
(4mmsocket)
Separate Ground socket.
LJ 38. CH.II Signal input for CH.II, Input Impedance IMQ II 25pF.
J
(BNCconnector)
39. INVERT (CH.ll) Switch when pressed inverts the polarity of CH.II signal.
(PB Switch) In combination with ADD switch, used for algebraic addition or
difference of two channels.
40. Y-POS. II Controls Vertical position of CH.U trace.

(Knob)
41. ALT Switch when pressed, two signals of different frequency

(PB Switch) and shapes are triggered simultaneously.
u 42. OVERSCAN
(LEOs)
LED indicates when trace is out of screen on either side,
top or bottom.
(J 43. CAL 0.2V/2V

(2mmsocket)
Calibrator output sockets provided for probes compensation.
Signal available at the sockets is flat top square wave,
of amplitude 0.2Vpp and 2Vpp, frequency - 1kHz approx.
[J 0.2Vpp used for 10:I probes compensation.
2Vpp used for 100:1 probes compensation.
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~ SM511 7
q
User Manual
SDS1000DL/CNL/CML
Series Digital Oscilloscope
UM01011-E05A
QS01012-E02A
SIGLENT TECHNOLOGIES CO,.LTD

SIGLENT
Declaration
Copyright © by SIGLENT TECHNOLOGIES CO,.LTD. All rights reserved.
Contents in this Manual are not allowed to copy, extract and translate
before being allowed by SIGLENT.
SDS1000L User Manual I

SIGLENT
Brief Introduction
Model:
SDS1000CML Series: SDS1072CML, SDS1102CML, SDS1152CML

SDS1000CNL Series: SDS1072CNL, SDS1102CNL, SDS1202CNL
SDS1000DL Series: SDS1022DL, SDS1052DL, SDS1102DL, SDS1202DL
Characteristic:
● The volume of the oscilloscope is cabinet and it is portable

● 7” Color TFT LCD display
● 2 channels, Bandwidth: 25MHz-200 MHz
● Single real-time sampling rate are:500MSa/s( SDS1000DL
series);1Gsa/s (SDS1000CML /CNL Series); Equivalent sampling rate
is 50GSa/s.
● Trigger types: Edge, Pulse, Video，Slope and Alternative
● Unique Digital Filter function and Waveform recorder function
● Auto measure thirty two parameters and support all measurement
function.
●Two groups’ reference waveforms and twenty groups’ capture
waveforms and twenty groups’ setups internal save/recall function
and USB flash drive save/recall function.
● Cursor types: Manual mode, Track mode and Auto mode.
● Channel waveform and its FFT waveform display on split screen.
● Waveform Intensity and Grid Brightness can be adjusted.
● Menu display in the form of pop-up that in order to convenience users to
use it.
● Rich Screen display styles: Classical, Modern, Tradition, Succinct.
● Multiple Language User Interface.
● Support Multilingual online help system
●Standard interface: USB Host; USB Device; RS-232; Pass/Fail Out
II SDS1000L User Manual

SIGLENT
Standard Accessories:
● 1:1/10:1 probe (2 PCS)

● Power Cable that fits the standard of destination country
● Qualified Certification.
● CD (including EasyScopeX computer software system)
● Quick Start
● USB Cable
SDS1000L User Manual III

SIGLENT
General Safety Summary
Carefully read the following safety precautions to avoid person injury and prevent
damage to the instrument and any products connected to it. To avoid potential
hazards, please use the instrument as specified.
Only qualified technician should perform service procedures
To Avoid Fire or Personal Injure
Use Proper Power Line

Use only the special power line of the instrument which approved by local state.
Ground the Instrument

The instrument grounds through the protective terra conductor of the power line.
To avoid electric shock, the ground conductor must be connected to the earth.
Make sure the instrument is grounded correctly before connect its input or output
terminals.
Connect the Signal Wire Correctly

The potential of the signal wire is equal to the earth, so do not connect the signal
wire to a high voltage. Do not touch the exposed contacts or components.
Look Over All Terminals’ Ratings

To avoid fire or electric shock, please look over all ratings and sign instruction of
the instrument. Before connecting the instrument, please read the manual
carefully to gain more information about the ratings.
Not Operate with Suspected Failures

If you suspect that there is a damage of the instrument, please let a qualified
service personnel check it.
Avoid Circuit or Wire Exposed Components Exposed

Do not touch exposed contacts or components when the power is on.
Do not operate in wet/damp conditions.
Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere.
Keep the surface of the instrument clean and dry.
IV SDS1000L User Manual

SIGLENT
If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the

protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
This product has been tested to the requirements of CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.
61010-1, second edition, including Amendment 1, or a later version of the
same standard incorporating the same level of testing requirements.
Not to use the product for measurements within other measurement
categories, such as CAT II, CAT III, CAT IV.
Not to use the equipment for measurements on mains circuits, not to use
the equipment for measurements on voltage exceed the voltage range
describe in the manual.
Only probe assemblies which meet the manufacturer’s specifications shall
be used.
The Responsible body or operator should refer to the instruction manual to
preserve the protection afford by the equipment. If the equipment is used in
a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the
equipment may be impaired.
Any parts of the device and its accessories are not allowed to be changed or
replaced, other than authorized by the manufacturer of his agent.
SDS1000L User Manual V

SIGLENT
Safety Terms and Symbols
Terms used on the instrument. Terms may appear on the instrument:
DANGER: Indicates an injury or hazard that may be immediately happen.

WARNING: Indicates an injury or hazard that may be not immediately
happen.
CAUTIO: Indicates that a potential damage to the instrument or other property
might occur.
Symbols used on the instrument. Symbols may appear on the instrument:
Hazardous Protective Warning Earth Ground Power

Voltage Earth Ground Switch
VI SDS1000L User Manual

SIGLENT
Content
Brief Introduction .................................................................................................II
Chapter 1 Accidence ..............................................................................................1
1.1 Accidence of Panel and Display Information...........................................................2

1.2 Function Checking ...................................................................................................5
1.3 Probe ..................................................................................................................7
1.3.1 Probe Safety.................................................................................................7
1.3.2 Probe Attenuation Setting ..........................................................................7
1.3.3 Probe Compensation ..................................................................................8
Chapter 2 Functions Instruction and Operation .....................................................9
2.1 Menu and Control Button.......................................................................................10

2.2 Connector ...............................................................................................................12
2.3 Auto Setup..............................................................................................................13
2.4 Default Setup..........................................................................................................14
2.5 Universal Knob ......................................................................................................15
2.6 Vertical System.......................................................................................................15
2.6.1 CH1, CH2 Channel....................................................................................16
2.6.2 Using Vertical “Position” Knob and “Volt/div” Knob ..............................21
2.6.3 Math Functions...........................................................................................21
2.6.4 Using Ref ....................................................................................................27
2.7 Horizontal System ..................................................................................................29
2.7.1 Horizontal Control Knob............................................................................30
2.7.2 Window Zone .............................................................................................30
2.8 Trigger System .......................................................................................................32
2.8.1 Signal Source .............................................................................................33
2.8.2 Trigger Type................................................................................................34
2.8.3 Coupling ......................................................................................................47
2.8.4 Position........................................................................................................47
2.8.5 Slope & Level .............................................................................................48
2.8.6 Trigger Holdoff........................................................................................49
2.9 Acquiring Signals System ......................................................................................50
2.10 Display System.....................................................................................................56
2.10.1 X-Y Format ...............................................................................................59
2.11 Measure System ...................................................................................................60
2.11.1 Scale Measurement ................................................................................60
2.11.2 Cursor Measurement ..............................................................................60
2.11.3 Auto Measurement ..................................................................................66
2.12 Storage System.....................................................................................................72
2.13 Utility System.......................................................................................................85
2.13.1 System Status..........................................................................................88
2.13.2 Language..................................................................................................88
2.13.3 Print ...........................................................................................................89
2.13.4 Self Calibration.........................................................................................92
SDS1000L User Manual VII

SIGLENT
2.13.5 Self Test.......................................................................................................92

2.13.6 Updating the System Software..............................................................95
2.13.7 Pass/Fail ...................................................................................................95
2.13.8 Waveform Record....................................................................................99
2.13.9 Recorder .................................................................................................103
2.13.10 Remote Control ...................................................................................106
2.14 Online Help Function ......................................................................................... 111
Chapter 3 Prompting Messages and Troubleshooting.......................................112
3.1 Prompting Messages: ........................................................................................... 112

3.2 Troubleshooting.................................................................................................... 114
Chapter 4 Service and Support ..........................................................................116
4.1 Maintain Summary............................................................................................... 116

4.2 Contact with SIGLENT........................................................................................ 117
Appendix A: Specifications.................................................................................118
Appendix B: Default Setup .................................................................................123
Appendix C: Daily Maintain and Cleaning..........................................................125
VIII SDS1000L User Manual

SIGLENT
Chapter 1 Accidence
SDS1000L Series Digital Oscilloscope is mini-type and portable bench type

instruments, which could be used for measuring as the GND voltage.
This Chapter shows you how to operate following tasks:
◆ Accidence of panel and Display information
◆ Simple checking of functions
◆ Matching probes attenuation coefficient
◆ Probe compensation
Note:
All the contents described in this manual are according to SDS1000CML.
SDS1000L User Manual 1

SIGLENT
1.1 Accidence of Panel and Display Information
1.1.1 Front Panel
It is important for you to understand the DSO’s front panel before operating it. The
following contents are the brief introduction for the front panel function, which is
useful to be familiar with the operation of the SDS1000L Series Digital Storage
Oscilloscope in short time.
The oscilloscopes provides an easy-to-use front panel to convenience users to

operate them, the panel contains knobs and buttons. There is a list of five ashen
buttons as menu operational buttons on the right of display screen. You can set
different options of the current menu in virtue of them. Other buttons are function
buttons; you can enter different function menus or obtain given function
application in virtue of them.
Common Function
Universal Knob
Option Softkeys
Menu On/Off Horizontal Control
AUTO
Button
Trigger
Control
Print
Key Probe
USB Host Input Channels Component
Vertical Control
Picture 1.1-1 SDS1000L Series Front Panel
2 SDS1000L User Manual

SIGLENT
1.1.2 Back and Side Connections

The following images show back and side panel connection locations.
5
1 3
2 4
Picture 1.1-2 SDS1000L Back and Side panel
1. Security Lock Receptacle

2. Pass/Fail Output
3. RS-232 Connector
4. USB Device Connector
5. Power Input Connector
1.1.3 User display interface

1 2 3 4 5
15
7 14
8 9 10 11 12 13
Picture 1.1-3

SIGLENT
1. Trigger status
Armed. The oscilloscope is acquiring pre-trigger data. All triggers are ignored
in this state.
Ready. All pre-trigger data has been acquired and the oscilloscope is ready to
accept a trigger.
Trig’d. The oscilloscope has seen a trigger and is acquiring the posttrigger data.
Stop. The oscilloscope has stopped acquiring waveform data.
Auto. The oscilloscope is in auto mode and is acquiring waveforms in the
absence of triggers.
Scan. The oscilloscope is acquiring and displaying waveform data continuously in
scan mode.
2. Display the position of the present waveform window in internal memory.
3. Marker shows horizontal trigger position. Turn the HORIZONTAL
POSITION knob to adjust the position of the marker.
4. Print Key-Indicates whether the Print Key option is set to Print Pictrure or
Save Picture.
“Print Key” option is set to “Print Picture”.
“Print Key” option is set to “Save Picture”.
5. Back USB-Indicates whether the Back USB option is set to USBTMC or
Printer.
“Back USB” option is set to “USBTMC”.
“Back USB” option is set to “Printer”.
6. Show the trigger level symbol.
7. Show the Channel symbol.
8. Signal Coupling symbol.
9. Readout shows the vertical scale factor of the channels.
10. Indicates whether the bandwidth limit filter is “On” or “Off”. The “B” icon
indicates the filter is On.
11. Readout shows the main time base setting.
12. Icon shows the trigger type.
13. Readout shows the horizontal position of main timebase waveform
14. Readout shows the trigger voltage.
15. Readout shows trigger signal frequency.

SIGLENT
1.2 Function Checking

When you check whether or not the oscilloscope could work smoothly, please
operate as following:
1. Power On the oscilloscope.

Press “DEFAULT SETUP” to show the result of the self check. The probe default
attenuation is 1X.
Picture 1.2- 1
2. Set the switch to 1X on the probe and connect the probe to channel 1 on the
oscilloscope. To do this, align the slot in the probe connector with the key on the
CH 1 BNC, push to connect, and twist to the right to lock the probe in place.
Connect the probe tip and reference lead to the PROBE COMP connectors
Picture 1.2-2
3．Press “AUTO” to show the 1 KHz frequency and about 3V peak-peak square
wave in couple seconds

SIGLENT
Picture 1.2-3
4. Press “CH1” two times to cancel the channel 1, Press“CH2” to change screen
into channel 2, reset the channel 2 as step 2 and step 3.

SIGLENT
1.3 Probe
1.3.1 Probe Safety
A guard around the probe body provides a finger barrier for protection from
electric shock.
Picture 1.3-1
Connect the probe to the oscilloscope and connect the ground terminal to ground
before you take any measurements.
Note： ● To avoid electric shock when using the probe, keep fingers behind the
guard on the probe body.
● To avoid electric shock while using the probe, do not touch metallic
portions of the probe head while it is connected to a voltage source.
Connect the probe to the oscilloscope and connect the ground terminal
to ground before you take any measurements.
1.3.2 Probe Attenuation Setting
Probes are available with various attenuation factors which affect the vertical
scale of the signal. The Probe Check function verifies that the Probe attenuation
option matches the attenuation of the probe.
You can push a vertical menu button (such as the CH 1 MENU button), and select
the Probe option that matches the attenuation factor of your probe.
Note: The default setting for the Probe option is 1X.
Be sure that the attenuation switch on the probe matches the Probe option in the
oscilloscope. Switch settings are 1X and 10X.

SIGLENT
Note: When the attenuation switch is set to 1X, the probe limits the
bandwidth of the oscilloscope to 6MHz (according to Probe spec).
To use the full bandwidth of the oscilloscope, be sure to set the
switch to 10X
1.3.3 Probe Compensation
As an alternative method to Probe Check, you can manually perform this

adjustment to match your probe to the input channel.
Picture1.3-2
1. Set the Probe option attenuation in the channel menu to 10X. Set the switch to
10X on the probe and connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope. If you
use the probe hook-tip, ensure a proper connection by firmly inserting the tip
onto the probe.
2. Attach the probe tip to the PROBE COMP～3V connector and the reference
lead to the PROBE COMP Ground connector. Display the channel and then
push the “AUTO” button.
3. Check the shape of the displayed waveform.
Over Compensated under

Compensated correctly compensated
Picture 1.3-3
4. If necessary, adjust your probe. Repeat as necessary.

SIGLENT
Chapter 2 Functions Instruction and Operation
To use your oscilloscope effectively, you need to learn about the following
oscilloscope functions:
◆ Menu and control button

◆ Connector
◆ Auto Setup
◆ Default Setup
◆ Universal knob
◆ Vertical System
◆ Horizontal System
◆ Trigger System
◆ Acquiring signals System
◆ Display System
◆ Measuring waveforms System
◆ Utility System
◆ Storage System
◆ Online Help function

SIGLENT
2.1 Menu and Control Button
Showing as the following picture:
Picture 2-1
■ Channel buttons (CH1, CH2): Press a channel button to turn that channel ON
or OFF and open the channel menu for that channel. You can use the channel
menu to set up a channel. When the channel is on, the channel button is lit.
■ MATH: Press to display the Math menu. You can use the MAH menu to use the
oscilloscopes Math functions.
■ REF: Press to display the Ref Wave menu. You can use this menu to save and
recall four or two reference waveforms internal memory.
■ HORI MENU: Press to display the Horizontal menu. You can use the Horizontal
menu to display the waveform and zoom in a segment of a waveform.
■ TRIG MENU: Press to display the Trigger menu. You can use the Trigger menu
to set the trigger type (Edge. Pulse, Video, Slope, Alternative) and trigger
settings.
■ SET TO 50%: Press to stabilize a waveform quickly. The oscilloscope can

SIGLENT
set the trigger level to be halfway between the minimum and maximum
voltage level automatically. This is useful when you connect a signal to the
EXT TRIG connector and set the trigger source to Ext or Ext/5.
■ FORCE: Use the FORCE button to complete the current waveform acquisition
whether the oscilloscope detects a trigger or not. This is useful for Single
acquisitions and Normal trigger mode.
■ SAVE/RECALL: Press to display the Save/Recall menu. You can use the
Save/Recall menu to save and recall up to 20 oscilloscope setups or waveforms
in internal memory (up to 20 waveforms) or on a USB memory device (limited by
memory capacity of USB device). You can also use it to recall the default factory
settings, to save waveform data as a comma-delimited file (.CSV), and to save
or print the displayed waveform image.
■ ACQUIRE: Press to display Acquire menu. You can use the Acquire menu to
set the acquisition Sampling Mode (Sampling, Peak Detect, Average).
■ MEASURE: Press to display a menu of measurement parameters.
■ CURSORS: Display the Cursor Menu. Vertical Position controls adjust cursor
position while displaying the Cursor Menu and the cursors are activated.
Cursors remain displayed (unless the “Type” option is set to “Off”) after leaving
the Cursor Menu but are not adjustable.
■ DISPLAY: Press to open the Display menu. You can use the Display menu to
set grid and waveform display styles, and persistence.
■ UTILITY: Press to open the Utlity menu. You can use the Utility menu to
configure oscilloscope features, such as sound, language, counter, etc. You can
also view system status and update software.
■ DEFAULT SETUP: Press to reset the oscilloscope’s settings to the default
factory configuration.
■ HELP: Enter the online help system.
■ AUTO: Automatically sets the oscilloscope controls to produce a usable display
of the input signals.
■ RUN/STOP: Continuously acquires waveforms or stops the acquisition.
Note：If waveform acquisition is stopped (using the RUN/STOP or SINGLE
button), the SEC/DIV control expands or compresses the waveform.
■ SINGLE: Acquire a single waveform and then stops.

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2.2 Connector
Picture 2-2
■ Channel Connector (CH1, CH2): Input connectors for waveforms display.

■ EXT TRIG: Input connector for an external trigger source. Use the Trigger
Menu to select the “Ext” or “Ext/5” trigger source.
■ Probe Component: Voltage probe compensation output and ground. Use
to electrically match the probe to the oscilloscope input circuit.
Note：If you connect a voltage source to a ground terminal, you

may damage the oscilloscope or the circuit under test. To avoid
this, do not connect a voltage source to any ground terminals.

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2.3 Auto Setup
The SDS1000L Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes have a Auto Setup function
that identifies the waveform types and automatically adjusts controls to produce a
usable display of the input signal.
Press the AUTO button, and then press the menu option button adjacent to the
desired waveform as follows:
Picture 2-3
Table 2-1 Auto Set function Menu:

Option Description
（Multi-cycle sine） Auto set the screen and display several
cyc signal.
（Single-cycle sine） Set the screen and auto display single cyc
signal.
（Rising edge） Auto set and show the rising time.
（Falling edge） Auto set and show the falling time.
（Undo Setup） Causes the oscilloscope to recall the
previous setup.
Auto set determines the trigger source based on the following conditions:
● If multiple channels have signals, channel with the lowest frequency signal.
● No signals found, the lowest-numbered channel displayed when Auto set was
invoked
● No signals found and no channels displayed, oscilloscope displays and uses
channel 1.

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Table 2-2 Auto set the function item

Function Setting
Acquire Mode Adjusted to Sampling
Display Format Y-T
Display Type Set to Dots for a video signal, set to Vectors
for an FFT spectrum; otherwise, unchanged
Vertical Coupling Adjusted to DC or AC according to the input
signal
Bandwidth Limit Off(full)
V/div Adjusted
VOLTS/DIV adjustability Coarse
Signal inverted Off
Horizontal position Center
S/div Adjusted
Trigger type Edge
Trigger source Auto detect the channel which has the input
signal
Trigger slope Rising
Trigger mode Auto
Trigger coupling DC
Trigger holdoff Minimum
Trigger level Set to 50%
2.4 Default Setup
The oscilloscope is set up for normal operation when it is shipped from the factory.
This is the default setup. To recall this setup, press the DEFAULT SETUP button.
The options, buttons and controls that change settings when you press the
DEFAULT SETUP button, refer to appendix B.
The DEFAULT SETUP button does not reset the following settings:
● Language option
● Saved reference waveform files
● Saved setup files
● Display contrast
● Calibration data

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2.5 Universal Knob
Picture 2-5 Universal Knob
You can use the Universal knob with many functions, such as adjusting the
holdoff time, moving cursors, setting the pulse width, Setting the Video Linage,
adjusting the upper and lower frequency limit, adjust X and Y masks when
using the pass/fail function etc. You can also turn the “Universal” knob to
adjust the storage position of setups, waveforms, pictures when
saving/recalling and to select menu options.
2.6 Vertical System
The vertical control could be used for displaying waveform, rectify scale and
position.
Volt/div Knob
Vertical Position
Knob
Picture 2.6-1

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2.6.1 CH1, CH2 Channel

Table 2-1 CH1, CH2 function menu 1:
Option Setting Introduction
DC DC passes both AC and DC components of
the input signal.
Coupling AC AC blocks the DC component of the input
signal and attenuates signals below 10 Hz.
GND GND disconnects the input signal.
Limits the bandwidth to reduce display
On noise; filters the signal to reduce noise and
BW limit other unwanted high frequency
Off components. (SDS1022DL doesn’t have
this function.)
Selects the resolution of the Volts/Div knob
Coarse Coarse defines a 1-2-5 sequence.
Volts/Div
Fine Fine changes the resolution to small steps
between the coarse settings.
1X,5X
Set to match the type of probe you are
10X,50X
Probe using to ensure correct vertical readouts.
100X,
500X,1000X
Next Page Page 1/3 Enter the second page of the menu.
Table 2-4 CH1, CH2 function menu 2:

Option Setting Instruction
on Turn on invert function.
Invert
off Turn off invert function.
1MΩ Setup 1MΩ as input impedance
Input 50 MΩ Setup 50MΩas input impedance
(SDS1202CNL contain this function)
Press this button to enter the “Digital Filter
Digital Filter
menu”.(See table 2-5)
Next Page Page 2/3 Enter the second page of the menu.
Table 2-5 Digital Filter function menu:

On Turn on the digital filter.
Digital Filter
Off Turn off the digital filter.
Setup as LPF (Low Pass Filter).
Setup as HPF (High Pass Filter).
Type
Setup as BPF (Band Pass Filter).
Setup as BRF (Band Reject Filter).
Upper_limit Turn the “Universal” knob to set upper limit.
Lower_limit Turn the “Universal” knob to set lower limit.
Return Return the digital filter main menu.

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Setting up CH1, CH2 Channels
Each channel has its own separate Menu. The items are set up separately
according to each channel.
1. Choosing Coupling
Take the CH1 for example; the tested signal is a sine wave signal with DC
deflection:
● Press“CH1”→“Coupling”→“AC”, Set to AC couple mode. It blocks the DC
component of the input signal.
● Press“CH1”→“Coupling”→“DC”, Set to DC couple mode. Both DC and
AC component could be obstructed.
● Press“CH1”→“Coupling”→“GND”, Set to GROUND mode. It disconnects the
input signal.
Set to DC
Coupling
DC Status Picture 2.6-2
2. Bandwidth Limiting
Take the CH1 for example; the tested signal is a pulse signal with the high
frequency surge:
● Press “CH1”→“BW Limit”→ “On”，Set the band width Limited to open state. The
high frequency component which is higher than 20MHz obstructed.
● Press“CH1”→“BW Limit”→ “Off”, Set bandwidth Limited to close state, the High
Frequency component in the tested signal could pass.

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Set BW
to 20MHz
BW Limit Symbol Picture 2.6-3
3. Adjust Sensitivity
Vertical scale adjusting has Coarse and Fine two modes, Vertical sensitivity range
is 2mV/div～10V/div scale.
Take the CH1 for example:
● Press “CH1”→“Volts/Div”→“Coarse”. It is the default setting of Volts/Div, and it
makes the vertical scaling in a 1-2-5-step sequence from 2mv/div, 5mv/div,
10mv/div to 10v/div.
● Press “CH1”→“Volts/Div”→“Fine”. This setting changes the vertical to small
steps between the coarse settings. It will be helpful when you need to adjust the
waveform vertical size in smooth steps.
Set to
Coarse
Picture 2.6-4

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4. Setting Probe Attenuation

In order to assort the attenuation coefficient, you need to response in the channel
operation Menu. If the attenuation coefficient is 10:1, the input coefficient should
be set to 10X, so that the mistake of the Volts/div information and measure testing
should be forbidden.
Take the CH1 for example, when you use the 100:1 probe:
● Press“CH1”→“Probe” →“100”
Probe
Attenuation
Factor
Status of 100X Picture 2.6-5
5. Inverting waveforms
Take the CH1 for example:
● Press“CH1”→Next Page“ page1/3” →“Invert”→“On”:
Picture 2.6-6

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6. Using the Digital Filter

Press “CH1”→“Next Page page1/3”→ “Filter”, display the digital filter menu. Select
“Filter Type”, then select “Upper Limit” or “Lower Limit” and turn the “Universal”
knob to adjust them.
● Press “CH1”→“Next Page page1/3”→ “Filter” →“Off”. Turn off the Digital Filter
function.
Picture 2.6-7
● Press “CH1”→ “Next Page page1/3”→ “Filter” → “On”. Turn on the Digital
Filter function.
Picture 2.6-8

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2.6.2 Using Vertical “Position” Knob and “Volt/div” Knob
■ Vertical “POSITION” Knob

1. Use the Vertical “POSITION” knobs to move the channel waveforms up or down
on the screen. This button’s resolution is variety as per the vertical scale.
2. When you adjust the vertical position of channels waveforms, the vertical
position information will display on the left bottom of screen. For example
“Volts Pos=24.6mV”.
3. Press the vertical “POSITION” knob to set the vertical position to zero.
■ “Volts/div” Knob
1. Use the “Volts/div” knobs to control how the oscilloscope amplifies or
attenuates the source signal of channel waveforms. When you turn the “volts/div”
knob, the oscilloscope increases or decreases the vertical size of the waveform on
the screen with respect to the ground level;
2. When you press the “Volt/div” Knob, you can switch “Volt/div” option between
“Coarse” and “Fine”. The vertical scale is made sure by the 1-2-5 step in the
Coarse. Increase in the clockwise, reduce in the anticlockwise. In the fine mode,
the knob changes the Volts/Div scale in small steps between the coarse settings.
Increase in the clockwise, reduce in the anticlockwise.
2.6.3 Math Functions
Math shows the results after +,-,*, / and FFT operations of the CH1 and CH2.
Press the MATH button to display the waveform math operations. Press the
MATH button again to remove the math waveform display.
Table 2-6 MATH function menu:

Function Setting Introduction
Math operates between signal source
Operation +、-、*、/、FFT
CH1 and CH2.
on Invert the MATH waveform.
Invert Turn off MATH Invert function.
off
Adjust the vertical position of the math
waveform by using universal knob.
Adjust the range of the math
waveform by using universal knob.

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Table 2-7 MATH function instruction

Operation Setting Introduction
＋ CH1+CH1 CH1 waveform adds CH2 waveform.
The channel 2 waveform is subtracted
CH1-CH2
from the channel 1 waveform.
－
The channel 1 waveform is subtracted
CH2-CH1
from the channel 2 waveform.
* CH1*CH2 Channel 1 multiply Channel 2.
CH1/CH2 Channel 1 divides Channel 2.
/
CH2/CH1 Channel 2 divides Channel 1.
FFT Fast Fourier Transform.
Picture 2.6-9 Math Waveform
1. FFT Spectrum Analyzer
The FFT process mathematically converts a time-domain signal into its frequency
components. You can use the Math FFT mode to view the following types of
signals:
● Analyze the Humorous wave in the Power cable.
● Test the Humorous content and distortion in the system
● Show the Noise in the DC Power supply
● Test the filter and pulse response in the system
● Analyze vibration

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Table 2-8 FFT function menu 1:

FFT Option Setting Introduction
Select this channel as the FFT source.
Source CH1, CH2
Hanning Select FFT window types.
Hamming
Window
Rectangular
Blackman
1X Changes the horizontal magnification of
2X the FFT display.
FFT ZOOM
5X
10X
Next Page Page 1/2 Enter the second page of FFT menu.
Table 2-9 FFT function menu 2:

FFT Option Setting Introduction
Vrms Set Vrms to be the Vertical Scale unit.
Scale
dBVrms Set dBVrms to be the vertical Scale unit.
Split Display FFT waveform on half screen.
Display
Full screen Display FFT waveform on full screen.
Next Page Page 2/2 Return the first page of FFT menu.
To use the Math FFT mode, you need to perform the following tasks:
1. Set up the source (time-domain) waveform.
● Press the AUTO button to display a YT waveform.
● Turn the vertical “POSITION” knob to move the YT waveform to the center
vertically (zero divisions).
● Turn the horizontal “POSITION” knob to position the part of the YT waveform
that you want to analyze in the center eight divisions of the screen.
The oscilloscope calculates the FFT spectrum using the center 1024 points of
the time-domain waveform.
● Turn the “Volts/div” knob to ensure that the entire waveform remains on the
screen.
● Turn the “S/div” knob to provide the resolution you want in the FFT spectrum.
● If possible, set the oscilloscope to display many signal cycles.
To display FFT correctly, follow these steps:
1. Push the “MATH” button.
2. Set the “Operation” option to FFT.

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3. Press “Source” button to select “CH1” or “CH2” according to input signal

channel.
4. According to Nyquist law, turn the “S/div” knob to adjust the sampling rate
(This parameter is displayed behind the time base parameter) is at least
double than input signal frequency.
2. Displaying the FFT Spectrum
Press the MATH button to display the Math Menu. Use the options to select the
Source channel, Window algorithm, and FFT Zoom factor. You can display only
one FFT spectrum at a time. You can select “Full screen” or “Split” in “Display”
option to display FFT waveform on full screen or display channel waveform and its
FFT waveform on half screen at a time.
Picture2.6-10 FFT function
3. Select FFT window
Windows reduce spectral leakage in the FFT spectrum. The FFT assumes that
the YT waveform repeats forever. With an integral number of cycles, the YT
waveform starts and ends at the me amplitude and there are no discontinuities in
the signal shape A non-integral number of cycles in the YT waveform causes the
signal start and end points to be at different amplitudes. The transitions between
the start and end points cause discontinuities in the signal that introduce
high-frequency transients.
According to the tested options and source speciality, make sure the window
you need to use.

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Table 2-10 FFT window instruction

Window Speciality Satisfied Test content
Best frequency Symmetric transients or
resolution, worst bursts.
magnitude resolution. Equal-amplitude sine waves
Rectangulr This is essentially the with fixed frequencies.
same as no window. Broadband random noise with
a relatively slowly varying
spectrum.
Better frequency, poorer Sine, periodic, and
magnitude accuracy narrow-band random noise.
Hanning than Rectangular. Asymmetic transients or
Hamming Hamming has slightly bursts.
better frequency
resolution than Hanning.
Best magnitude, worst Single frequency waveforms,
Blackman
frequency resolution. to find higher order harmonics.
4. Magnifying and Positioning an FFT Spectrum
You can magnify and use cursors to take measurements on the FFT spectrum.
The oscilloscope includes an “FFT Zoom” option to magnify horizontally, press
this option button to select “1X”, “2X”, “5X” or “10X”. Moreover, you also can turn
the “Universal” knob to magnify FFT waveform horizontally in a 1-2-5 step. To
magnify vertically; you can turn the “Volts/div” knob.
5. Measuring an FFT Spectrum Using Cursors
You can take two measurements on FFT spectrums: magnitude (in dB) and
frequency (in Hz). Magnitude is referenced to 0 dB, where 0 dB equals 1 VRMS.
You can use the cursors to take measurements at any zoom factor. (Refer to
cursor measure2.11.2)
Use horizontal cursors to measure amplitude and vertical cursors to measure
frequency.

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If you input a sine signal to channel 1, follow these steps:

1. Measure FFT Amplitude
1) Input a sine signal to channel 1, and press the “AUTO” button.
2) Press the “MATH” button to enter the “MATH” menu.
3) Press the “Operation” option button to select “FFT”.
4) Press the “Source” option button to select “CH1”.
5) Press CH1 button to display CH1 menu.
6) Turn the “S/div” knob to adjust sampling rate (at least double bigger than
frequency of input signal).
7) If FFT display on full screen, press CH1 button again to remove channel
waveform display.
8) Press the “CURSOR” button to enter “Cursor” menu.
9) Press the “Cursor Mode” button to select “Manual”.
10) Press the “Type” option button to select “Voltage”.
11) Press the “Source” option button to select “MATH”.
12) Press the “CurA” option button; turn the “Universal” knob to move Cursor A to
the highest point of the FFT waveform.
13) Press the “CurB” option button, turn the “Universal” knob to move Cursor B to
the lowest point of the FFT waveform.
14) The amplitude (△T) displays on the top of the left screen.
Picture 2.6-11

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2. Measure FFT Frequency

1) Press the CURSOR button.
2) Press the “Cursor Mode” button to select “Manual”.
3) Press the “Type” option button to select “Time”.
4) Press the “Source” option button to select “MATH”.
5) Press the “CurA” option button, turn the “Universal” button to move Cursor A
to the highest position of the FFT waveform.
6) The value of CurA displaying on the top of the left screen is FFT highs
frequency. This frequency should be the same as input signal frequency.
Picture 2.6-12
2.6.4 Using Ref
The reference control saves waveforms to a nonvolatile waveform memory. The

reference function becomes available after a waveform has been saved.
Table 2-11 REF function menu：
CH1,CH2, Choose the waveform display to store.
Source CH1 off
CH2 off
REFA Choose the reference location to store or
REFB recall a waveform.
Stores source waveform to the chosen
Save
reference location.
REFA on Recall the reference waveform on the screen.
REFB off Turn off the reference waveform.

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Press the Ref button to display the “Reference waveform menu”.
Picture 2.6-13
Operation step：
1. Press the “REF” menu button to display the “Reference waveform menu”.
2. Press the “Source” option button to select input signal channel.
3. Turn the vertical “POSITION” knob and “Volt/div” knob to adjust the
vertical position and scale to conformable positions.
4. Press the third option button to select “REFA” or “REFB” as storage position.
5. Press the “Save” option button.
6. Press the bottom option button to select “REFA On” or “REFB On” to
recall the reference waveform.
Picture 2.6-14

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2.7 Horizontal System
As follow Picture, there are one button and two knobs in the HORIZONTAL area.
S/div knob
Horizontal
position knob
Picture 2.7-1
Table 2- 12 SDS1000CML Horizontal system function menu:

Option Setting Description
Turn on this function that main timebase
On
waveform display on the top half screen
and window timebase waveform display on
Delayed
the below half screen at the same time.
Turn off this function that only display main
Off
timebase waveform on the screen.
Set memory depth to normal.
Normal
MemDepth Set memory depth to long Memory depth in
Long Mem
order to get more waveform dots.
Note: If Set memory depth to normal mode, the memory depth is 40Kpts
If Set memory depth to Long Mem mode, the memory depth is 2Mpts
MemDepth Detailed Specification：
Memory Samping Short

Channel Mode Long Memory
Depth Rate Memory
Single Channel 1Gsa/s 40kpts No Support
500MSa/s
Single Channel 20kpts 2Mpts
or lower
Double 500MSa/s
20kpts 1Mpts
Channels or lower

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2.7.1 Horizontal Control Knob
You can use the horizontal controls to change the horizontal scale and position of
waveforms. The horizontal position readout shows the time represented by the
center of the screen, using the time of the trigger as zero. Changing the horizontal
scale causes the waveform to expand or contract around the screen center.
■ Horizontal “POSITION” Knob
1. Adjust the horizontal position of all channels and math waveforms (the position
of the trigger relative to the center of the screen). The resolution of this control
varies with the time base setting.
2. When you press the horizontal “POSITION” Knob, you can set the horizontal
position to zero.
■“S/div” Knob
1. Using to change the horizontal time scale to magnify or compress the waveform.
If waveform acquisition is stopped (using the RUN/STOP or SINGLE button), turn
the S/div knob to expand or compress the waveform.
2. Select the horizontal time/div (scale factor) for the main or the window time
base. When Window Zone is enabled, it changes the width of the window zone by
changing the window time base.
■ Display Scan Mode：
When the SEC/DIV control is set to100 ms/div or slower and the trigger mode is
set to Auto, the oscilloscope enters the scan acquisition mode. In this mode, the
waveform display updates from left to right. There is no trigger or horizontal
position control of waveforms during scan mode.
2.7.2 Window Zone

Use the Delayed option to define a segment of a waveform to see more detail. The
Window time base setting cannot be set slower than the Main time base setting.
You can turn the Horizontal Position and SEC/DIV controls to enlarge or minish
waveforms in the Window Zone.
“M” Mean main time base, “W” mean window time base.. It is also a arrow on the
scale top to show the vertical position.

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If you want to see a section of the waveform in detail, follow these steps:
(1) Press the “HORI MENU” button to enter the “Horizontal menu”.
(2) Turn the “S/div” knob to change the main timebase scale.
(3) Press the “Delayed” option button to select “On”.
Picture2.7-2
(4) Turn the “Horizontal Position” knob (adjust window’s position) to select
the window that your need and expanded window waveform display on
the below half screen at the same time.

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2.8 Trigger System

The trigger determines when the oscilloscope starts to acquire data and display a
waveform. When a trigger is set up properly, the oscilloscope converts unstable
displays or blank screens into meaningful waveforms.
There are three buttons and one knob in the Trigger area. See picture.2-29:
LEVEL knob
Picture 2.8-1
■“TRIG MENU” Button: Press the “TRIG MENU” button to display “Trigger
Menu”.
■“LEVEL” Knob: The LEVEL knob is to set the corresponding signal voltage of
trigger point in order to sample. Press the “LEVEL” knob can set trigger level to
zero.
■“SET TO 50％” Button: Use the “SET TO 50%” button to stabilize a waveform
quickly. The oscilloscope can set the Trigger Level to be about halfway between
the minimum and maximum voltage levels automatically. This is useful when you
connect a signal to the EXT TRIG BNC and set the trigger source to Ext or Ext/5.
■“FORCE” Button: Use the FORCE button to complete the current waveform
acquisition whether the oscilloscope detects a trigger or not. This is useful for
SINGLE acquisitions and Normal trigger mode.
■ Pre-trigger/Delayed trigger: The data before and after trigger the trigger
position is typically set at the horizontal center of the screen, in the full-screen

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display the 6div data of pre-trigger and delayed trigger can be surveyed. More
data of pre-trigger and 1s delayed trigger can be surveyed by adjusting the
horizontal position.
The feature is very useful because you can see the events that led up the trigger
point everything to the right of the trigger point is called posttrigger information the
amount of delay range (pre-trigger and posttrigger information) available is
dependent on the sweep speed selected.
2.8.1 Signal Source
You can use the Trigger Source options to select the signal that the oscilloscope
uses as a trigger. The source can be any signal connected to a channel BNC, to
the EXT TRIG BNC or the AC power line (available only with Edge triggers).

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2.8.2 Trigger Type
The scopes have five trigger types: Edge, Video, Pulse, Slope, and
Alternative.
■ Edge Trigger
Use Edge triggering to trigger on the edge of the oscilloscope input signal at the
trigger threshold.
Table 2-13 Edge Trigger function Menu:

Option Setting Explain
With Edge highlighted, the rising or falling edge of
Type Edge
the input signal is used for the trigger.
CH1 Triggers on a channel whether or not the waveform
CH2 is displayed.
Does not display the trigger signal; the Ext option
uses the signal connected to the EXT TRIG
EXT
front-panel BNC and allows a trigger level range of
Source -1.2V to +1.2V.
Same as Ext option, but attenuates the signal by a
EXT/5 factor of five, and allows a trigger level range of +6V
to -6V.This extends the trigger level range.
This selection uses a signal derived from the power
AC Line line as the trigger source; trigger coupling is set to
DC and the trigger level to 0 volts.
Trigger on Rising edge of the trigger signal.
Trigger on Falling edge of the trigger signal.
Slope
Trigger on Rising edge and Falling edge of the
trigger signal.
Use this mode to let the acquisition free-run in the
absence of a valid trigger; This mode allows an
Auto
untriggered, scanning waveform at 100 ms/div or
slower time base settings.
Use this mode when you want to see only valid
Mode
triggered waveforms; when you use this mode, the
Normal
oscilloscope does not display a waveform until after
the first trigger.
When you want the oscilloscope to acquire a single
Single
waveform, press the “SINGLE ”button.
Set up Enter the “Trigger Setup Menu” (See table 2-14).

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Table 2-14 Trigger Setup function menu

Coupling DC Passes all components of the signal
Blocks DC components ，attenuates signals
AC
below 50 Hz.
Attenuates the high-frequency components
HF Reject
above 150 kHz.
Blocks the DC component , attenuates the
LF Reject
low-frequency components below ７ kHz.
Holdoff Using the “universal” knob to adjust holdoff
time(sec)，the holdoff value is displayed.
Holdoff Reset holdoff time to 100ns.
Reset
Return Return the first page of “Trigger main menu”.
Picture2.8-2
Operate Instruction:
1. Set up Type
1) Press the “TRIG MENU” button to display “Trigger” menu.
2) Press the “Type” option button to select “Edge”.
2. Set up Source
According to input signal, press the “Source” option button to select
“CH1”, “CH2”,“EXT”, “EXT/5”or “AC Line”.
3. Set up Slope
Press the “Slope” option button to select “ ”, “ ” or “ ”.
4. Set up Trigger mode
Press the “Trigger mode” option button to select “Auto”, “Normal”,
“Single”.

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Auto: The waveform refresh at a high speed whether the trigger

condition is satisfied or not.
Normal: The waveform refresh when the trigger condition is satisfied
and waits for next trigger event occurring when the trigger condition is
not satisfied.
Single: The oscilloscope acquire a waveform when the trigger
condition is satisfied and then stops.
5. Set up Trigger coupling
a. Press the “Set up” button to enter the “Trigger Setup Menu”.
b. Press the “Coupling” option button to select “DC”, “AC”, “HF
Reject” or “LF Reject”.

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■ Pulse Trigger：Use Pulse Width triggering to trigger on aberrant

pulses.
Table 2-15 Pulse Trigger function Menu 1：

Select the pulse to trigger
Type Pulse the pulse match the
trigger condition.
CH1 Select input signal source.
CH2
Source
EXT
EXT/5
(Positive pulse width less Select how to compare
than pulse width setting) the trigger pulse relative to
(Positive pulse width larger the value selected in the
than pulse width setting) Set Pulse Width option.
(Positive pulse width equal
to pulse width setting)
When
(Negative pulse width less
than pulse width setting)
(Negative pulse width
larger than pulse width setting)
(Negative pulse width
equal to pulse width setting)
Selecting this option can
Set
20.0ns～10.0s turn the universal to set up
Width
the pulse width.
Next Press this button to enter
Page 1/2
Page the second page.
Picture 2.8-3

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Table 2-16 Pulse Trigger function Menu 2：

Select the pulse to trigger the pulse match
Type Pulse
the trigger condition.
Auto Select the type of triggering; Normal mode is
Mode Normal best for most Pulse Width trigger
single applications.
Set up Enter the “Trigger setup menu”.
Next Page Page 2/2 Press this button to return the first page.
Picture 2.8-4
1. Set up Type
1) Press the “TRIG MENU” button to display “Trigger menu”.
2) Press the “Type” option button to select “Pulse”.
2. Set up condition
Press the “When” option button to select “ ”、“ ”、“ ”、“ ”、
“ ”or“ ”。
3. Set up pulse width
Turn the “Universal” knob to set up width.

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■ Video Trigger：Trigger on fields or lines of standard video signals.
Table 2-17 Functional Manu of Video Trigger 1:

When you select the video type, put the
couple set to the AC, then you could
Type Video
trigger the NTSC,PAL and SECAM video
signal.
CH1 Select the input source to be the trigger
CH2 signal.
Source
EXT Ext and Ext/5 use the signal applied to
EXT/5 the EXT TRIG connector as the source.
(Normal) Normal triggers on the negative edge of
the sync pulse.
Polarity
(Inverted) Inverted triggers on the positive edge of
the sync pulse.
Line Num
Sync All lines Select appropriate video sync.
Odd field
Even Field
Enter the second page of “Video
Next Page Page 1/2
trigger menu”.
Table 2-18 Functional Manu of Video Trigger 2:

When you select the video type, put
the couple set to the AC, then you
Type Video
could trigger the NTSC,PAL and
SECAM video signal.
NTSC Select the video standard for sync
Standard
Pal/Secam and line number count.
Use this mode to let the acquisition
free-run in the absence of a valid
trigger; This mode allows an
Auto
untriggered, scanning waveform at
100 ms/div or slower time base
settings.
Use this mode when you want to see
Mode
only valid triggered waveforms; when
Normal you use this mode, the oscilloscope
does not display a waveform until
after the first trigger.
when you want the oscilloscope to
Single acquire a single waveform, press the
“SINGLE ”button.
Set up Enter the “Trigger setup menu”.
Return the first page of “Video
Next Page Page 2/2
Trigger menu”.

SIGLENT
Picture 2.8-5
Operate Instruction
1. Set up Type
1) Press the “TRIG MENU” button to display “Trigger” menu.
2) Press the “Type” option button to select “Video”.
2. Set up Polarity
Press the “Polarity” option button to select “ ” or “ ”.
3. Set up synchronization
1) Press the “Sync” option button to select “All Lines”, “Line Num”, “Odd
Field”, and “Even Field”.
2) If you select “Line Num”, you can turn the “Universal” knob to set the
appointed line number.
4. Set up Standard
1) Press the “Next Page Page 2/2” option button.
2) Press the “Standard” option button to select “PAL/SECAM” or “NTSC”.

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■ Slope Trigger：Trigger on positive slope of negative slope according

to setup time of the oscilloscope.
Table 2-19 Slope trigger function menu 1

Trigger on positive slope of negative
Type Slope slope according to setup time of the
oscilloscope.
CH1 Select trigger source.
CH2
Source
EXT
EXT/5
Select trigger condition.
When
Turn the “Universal” knob to set slope

Time
〈Set time〉 time. Time setup range is 20ns-10s.
Next Page Page 1/2 Enter the second page of slope trigger.
Picture 2.8-6

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Table 2-20 Slope trigger function menu 2

Trigger on positive slope of negative slope
Type Slope
according to setup time of the oscilloscope.
Vertical Select the trigger level that can be adjusted by
“LEVEL” knob. You can adjust “LEVEL A”,
“LEVEL B” or adjust them at the same time.
Use this mode to let the acquisition free-run in

the absence of a valid trigger; This mode
Auto
allows an untriggered, scanning waveform at
100 ms/div or slower time base settings.
Mode
Use this mode when you want to see only valid
triggered waveforms; when you use this mode,
Normal
the oscilloscope does not display a waveform
until after the first trigger.
When you want the oscilloscope to acquire a
Single
single waveform, press the “SINGLE” button.
Set up Enter “Trigger setup menu” (See table 2-14).
Next Page Page 2/2 Return the first page of slope trigger.
Picture 2.8-7
Follow the next steps if you select “Slope trigger”:
1. Input a signal to CH1 or CH2.
2. Press the “AUTO” button.
3. Press the “TRIG MENU” button to enter “Trigger menu”.
4. Press the “Type” option button to select “Slope”.
5. Press the “Source” option button to select “CH1” or “CH2”.

SIGLENT
6. Press the “When” option button to select “ ”, “ ”, “ ”,

“ ”,“ ”或 “ ”.
7. Press the “Time” button, turn the “Universal” knob to adjust slope time.
8. Press the “Next Page Page 1/2” option button to enter the second page
of “Slope trigger menu”.
9. Press the “Vertical” option button to select trigger level that can be adjusted.
10. Turn the “LEVEL” knob.

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■ Alternative trigger
The trigger signal comes from two vertical channels when you use alternative
trigger. In this mode, you can observe two irrelative signals at the same time. You
can select different trigger types for two vertical signals, and selected types cover
edge, pulse, video and slope trigger. Trigger information of two channel signals
display on the bottom right of the screen.
Picture 2.8-8
Table 2-21 Set trigger mode to edge trigger function menu 1:

When use alternative trigger, the trigger signal
Type Alternative comes from two vertical channels. In the mode,
you can observe two irrelative signals at a time.
Chann
CH1-CH2 Set the trigger channels
els
CH1 Set trigger type information for CH1 signal
Source
Mode Edge Set trigger type of vertical channel signal to edge
Triggering on rising edge.
Slope
Triggering on falling edge.
Triggering on rising edge and falling edge.
Set up Enter “Trigger setup menu” (See table 2-14).

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Table 2-22 Set trigger mode to pulse trigger function menu 1:

The trigger signal comes from two vertical
Alternative channels when you use alternative trigger. In
Type
this mode, you can observe two irrelative
signals at the same time.
Source
Set trigger type of the vertical channel signal
Mode Pulse
to Pulse trigger.
Select how to compare the trigger pulse

When relative to the value selected in the Set Pulse
Width option.
Enter the second page of Alternative trigger

Next Page Page 1/2
menu.
Table 2-23 Set trigger mode to pulse trigger function menu 2:

Set Width 20.0ns ～ Selecting this option can turn the universal
10.0s to set up the pulse width.
Set up Enter the “Trigger Setup Menu”(see table
2-14).
Table 2-24 Set trigger mode to video trigger function menu1:

Type Alternative The trigger signal comes from two vertical
channels when you use alternative trigger.
In this mode, you can observe two irrelative
Source
Set trigger type of the vertical channel
Mode Video
signal to Video trigger.
Normal triggers on the negative edge of the
(Normal) sync pulse.
Polarity Inverted triggers on the positive edge of the
(Inverted) sync pulse.
Next Enter the second page of Alternative
Page 1/2
Page trigger menu.

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Table 2-25 Set trigger mode to video trigger function menu 2:

Sync Line Num
All lines Select appropriate video sync.
Odd field
Even Field
Standard NTSC Select the video standard for sync and line
Pal/Secam number count.
Next Enter the second page of Alternative trigger
Page 1/2
Page menu.
Table 2-26 Set trigger mode to slope trigger function menu 1

Type Alternative The trigger signal comes from two vertical
channels when you use alternative trigger. In
this mode, you can observe two irrelative
Set trigger type informa
CH1
Source tion for CH1 signal
CH2
Set trigger type information for CH2signal
Set trigger type of the vertical channel signal
Mode Slope
to slope trigger.
When Select slope trigger condition.
Enter the second page of the alternative

Next Page Page 1/2
trigger.
Table 2-27 Set trigger mode to slope trigger function menu 2

Time Turn the “Universal” knob to set the slope
〈 Set time. Time setup range is 20ns-10s.
time〉
Vertical Select the trigger level that can be adjusted
by “LEVEL” knob. You can adjust “LEVEL
A”, “LEVEL B” or adjust them at the same
time.
Set up Enter “Trigger setup menu”(see table 2-14).

Next Page Page 2/2 Return to the first page of “Alternative trigger
menu”.

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Observe two irrelative channel signals, follow these steps：
1. Input two irrelative signals to channel 1and channel 2.
2. Press the AUTO button.
3. Press the TRIG MENU button to enter “trigger menu”.
4. Press the “Type” option button to select “Alternative”.
5. Press the “Channels” option button to select “CH1-CH2”
6. Press the “Source” option button to select “CH1”.
7. Press the CH1 button and turn the “S/div” knob to optimize waveform
display.
8. Press “Mode” option button to select “Edge”, “Pulse”, “Slope” or “Video”.
9. Set the trigger according to trigger edge.
10. Press the “Source” option button to select “CH2”.
11. Press the CH2 button and turn the “S/div” knob to optimize waveform
display.
12. Repeat steps 8 and 9.
2.8.3 Coupling
Use the “Coupling” to make sure the signal that passes the trigger circuit. It is
useful for us to gather a steady wave form.
If you use the trigger coupling, you should press the “TRIGGER” button and then
select “edge”, “Pulse”, “Video” or “Slope” trigger. Then select the “coupling” option
in “Set up menu”.
2.8.4 Position
The horizontal position control establishes the time between the trigger position
and the screen center. You can adjust the horizontal “POSITION” knob control to
view waveform data before the trigger, after the trigger, or some of each. When
you change the horizontal position of a waveform, you are changing the time
between the trigger and the center of the display actually. (This appears to move
the waveform to the right or left on the display.)

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2.8.5 Slope & Level
The Slope and Level controls help to define the trigger. The Slope option (Edge
trigger type only) determines whether the oscilloscope finds the trigger point on
the rising or the falling edge of a signal.
The TRIGGER LEVEL knob controls where on the edge the trigger point occurs.
Trig ge r le ve l ca n be ad ju ste d vert ica lly
Rising edge Falling edge
Picture 2.8-9
Note: ● Press the SINGLE button when you want the oscilloscope to
acquire a single waveform.
● Trigger coupling affects only the signal passed to the trigger
system. It does not affect the bandwidth or coupling of the
signal displayed on the screen.
● Normal Polarity Sync triggers always occur on
negative-going horizontal sync pulses. If the video
waveform has positive-going horizontal sync pulses, use
the Inverted Polarity selection.

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2.8.6 Trigger Holdoff

You can use the Trigger Holdoff function to produce a stable display of complex
waveforms. Holdoff is time between when the oscilloscope detects one trigger and
when it is ready to detect another. The oscilloscope will not trigger during the
holdoff time. For a pulse train, you can adjust the holdoff time so the oscilloscope
triggers only on the first pulse in the train.
Trigger position
Trigger level
Holdoff time
Picture 2.8-10
If you want to change holdoff time, please follow next operations:

1. Press the “TRIG MENU” button to show the “TRIG Menu”.
2. Press the “Type” option button to select trigger type.
3. Press the “Set up” option button to enter the “Trigger setup menu”.
4. Press the “Holdoff” option button，turn the “Universal” knob to change the
holdoff time until the waveform trigger steadily.
Note：Use trigger holdoff to help stabilize the display of aperiodic waveforms.

SIGLENT
2.9 Acquiring Signals System
Showing as the follow picture，the “ACQUIRE” button for Acquiring Signals system
is at the menu.
Picture 2.9-1
Table 2-28 The Function manual of Acquiring Signals:

Use for sampling and accurately display most
Sampling
of the waveform.
Peak Detect the noise and decrease the
Acquisition
Detect possibility of aliasing.
Use to reduce random or uncorrelated noise
Average
in the signal display.
Averages
〔4, 16,32
,64,128, Select number of averages.
256〕
On Use sin interpolation
Sinx/x
off Use linear interpolation
Equ time Set the Sampling mode to Equ time.
Mode
Real time Set the Sampling mode to Real time.
Sa Rate Display system sampling rate.
When you acquire a signal, the oscilloscope converts it into a digital form and
displays a waveform. The acquisition mode defines how the signal is digitized and
the time base setting affects the time span and level of detail in the acquisition.
■ Sampling: In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope samples the signal in
evenly spaced intervals to construct the waveform. This mode accurately
represents signals most of the time.

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Advantage: You can use this mode to reduce random noise.

Disadvantage: This mode does not acquire rapid variations in the signal that may
occur between samples. This can result in aliasing may cause narrow pulses to be
missed. In these cases, you should use the Peak Detect mode to acquire data.
Picture 2.9-2 Sampling modes
■ Peak Detect: Peak Detect mode capture the maximum and minimum values of
a signal Finds highest and lowest record points over many acquisitions.
Advantage: In this way, the oscilloscope can acquire and display narrow pulses,
which may have otherwise been missed in Sample mode.
Disadvantage: Noise will appear to be higher in this mode.
Picture 2.9-3 Peak Detect mode

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■ Average: The oscilloscope acquires several waveforms, averages them, and

displays the resulting waveform.
Advantage: You can use this mode to reduce random noise.
Picture 2.9-4 Average Mode
■ Equivalent Time Sampling:

The equivalent time sampling mode can achieve up to 20 ps of horizontal
resolution (equivalent to 50GSa/s). This mode is good for observing repetitive
waveforms.
■ Real Time Sampling: The scope has the highest Real-time sampling rate
up to 1GSa/s.
■ “RUN/STOP” Button: Press the RUN/STOP button when you want the
oscilloscope to acquire waveforms continuously. Press the button again to stop
the acquisition.
■ “SINGLE” Button: Press the SINGLE button to acquire a single waveform.

Each time you push the SINGLE button, the oscilloscope begins to acquire
another waveform. After the oscilloscope detects a trigger it completes the
acquisition and stops.

SIGLENT
When you push the RUN/STOP or SINGLE buttons to start an acquisition, the
oscilloscope goes through the following steps:
1）. Acquire enough data to fill the portion of the waveform record to the left of
the trigger point. This is also called the pre-trigger.
2）. Continue to acquire data while waiting for the trigger condition to occur.
3）. Detect the trigger condition.
4）. Continue to acquire data until the waveform record is full.
5）. Display the newly-acquired waveform.
■ Time Base: The oscilloscope digitizes waveforms by acquiring the value of an

input signal at discrete points. The time base allows you to control how often the
values are digitized.
Use S/div knob to adjust the time base to a horizontal scale suits your purpose,
■ Time Domain Aliasing：

Aliasing occurs when the oscilloscope does not sample the signal fast enough to
construct an accurate waveform record. When this happens, the oscilloscope
displays a waveform with a frequency lower than the actual input waveform, or
triggers and displays an unstable waveform.
Actual high-frequency waveform

Apparent low-frequency
waveform due to aliasing
Sampled points
Picture 2.9-5

SIGLENT
Operate Introduction:
Set up Sampling Format

You can press the “Acquisition” option button or turn the “Universal” knob to select
“Sampling” mode, “Peak Detect” mode or “Average” mode..
Set up Averages
When you select “Average” format, you can press the “Averages” option button to
select “4”, “16”, “32”, “64”, “128”or “256”.
Set up function interpolation

You can also turn Sins/x interpolation on or off. Press the corresponding option
button to turn Sins/s on or off.
“Sinx” is sine interpolation
Picture 2.9-6

SIGLENT
“X” is linear interpolation.
Picture 2.9-7
Set up Sampling Mode

Press the “Mode” option button to select “Real Time” or “Equ Time”.
Set up Sampling Rate

Adjust the sampling rate by pressing the “Sa Rate” option button and turning the
Time/div front panel knob. The sampling rate is shown at the corresponding
timebase scale.

SIGLENT
2.10 Display System
The display function could be expressed by the “DISPLAY” Button.
Picture 2.10-1
Table 2-29 Display system function menu 1:

Vectors fill the space between adjacent
Vectors
sample points in the display.
Type
There is no link between adjacent
Dots
sample points.
Off
1 sec
Persist Sets the length of time each displayed
2 sec
sample point remains displayed.
5 sec
Infinite
Intensity Set waveforms’ intensity.
<Intensity>
Brightness Set grid brightness.
<Brightness>
Next Page Page 1/3 Press this button to enter second page.
Picture 2.10-2

SIGLENT
Table 2-30 Display system function menu 2:

YT format displays the vertical voltage
in relation to time (horizontal scale). XY
Format YT
format displays a dot each time a
XY
sample is acquired on channel 1 and
channel 2
Normal Set to normal mode.
Screen
Inverted Set to invert color display mode.
Display grids and axes on the screen.
Grid Turn off the grids.
Turn off the grids and axes.
2sec
5sec
Menu Display 10sec Set menu display time on screen.
20sec
Infinite
Press this button to enter the second
Next Page Page 2/3
page of “Display menu”.
Picture 2.10-3
Table 2-31 Display system function menu3:

Skin Classical Set up screen style.
Modern
Tradition
Succinct

SIGLENT
Operate Introduction:
1. Set up waveform display type
1) Press the “DISPLAY” button to enter the “Display” menu.
2) Press the “Type” option button to select “Vectors” or “Dots”.
2. Set up Persist
Press “Persist” option button to select “Off”, “1 Sec”, “2 Sec”, “5Sec” or
“Infinite”. You can use this option to observe some especial waveforms.
Picture 2.10-4
3. Set up Intensity
1) Press the “Intensity” option button and turn the “Universal” knob to adjust
waveforms’ intensity.
4. Set up Brightness
1) Press the “Brightness” option button and turn the “Universal” knob to
adjust grid brightness.
5. Set up display format
1) Press the “Next Page” option button to enter second display menu.
2) Press the “Format” option button to select “YT” or “XY”.
6. Set up Screen
Press the “Screen” option button to select “Normal” or “Inverted” to set the
screen display color.
7. Set up Grid
Press the “Grid” option button to select “ ”, “ ”or“ ”to set the
screen whether display grid or not.

SIGLENT
8. Set up Menu Display

Press the “Menu Display” option button to select “2 sec”, “5sec”, “10sec”,
“20sec” or “Infinite” to set menu display time on screen.
9. Set Skin
Press the “skin” option button or turn the “Universal” knob to select “Classical”,
“Modern”, “Traditional” or “Succinct”.
2.10.1 X-Y Format

Use the XY format to analyze phase differences, such as those represented by
Lissajous patterns. The format plots the voltage on channel 1 against the voltage
on channel 2, where channel 1 is the horizontal axis and channel 2 is the vertical
axis. The oscilloscope uses the untriggered Sample acquisition mode and
displays data as dots.
XY mode has a breakthrough that traditional oscilloscopes restrict sampling rate
at 1MSa/s，
support 25KSa/s～250MSa/s (1-2.5-5 sequence) adjusted ;
Operation steps ：
●Channel 1 “Volt/div” and vertical “POSITION” set up the horizontal scale and
position.
●Channel 2 “Volt/div” and vertical “POSITION” set up the horizontal scale and
position.
●Turn the “S/div” knob to adjust the sampling rate
●The following functions are forbidden at XY display form:
●Benchmark wave form and wave mathematic
●Cursor
●Auto（resets display format to YT）

●Trigger Control
●Horizontal Position Knob
●Vector Display Type
●Scan Display

SIGLENT
2.11 Measure System
The Oscilloscope displays the voltage in relation to time and test the wave form
displayed. There are scale, Cursor and auto measure modes.
2.11.1 Scale Measurement
This method allows you to make a quick, visual estimate. For example, you might
look at waveform amplitude and determine that it is a little more than 100 mV. You
can take simple measurements by counting the major and minor graticule
divisions involved and multiplying by the scale factor. For example, if you counted
five major vertical graticule divisions between the minimum and maximum values
of a waveform and knew you had a scale factor of 100mV/div, then you could
easily calculate your peak-to-peak voltage as follows:
5 divisions x 100 mV/division = 500 mV.
2.11.2 Cursor Measurement
Picture 2-50 displays the cursor button on the front-panel for this menu.
Picture 2.11-1
Press the “CURSORS” button to display the “Cursor” Menu.

The cursor measurement has three modes: Manual, Track and Auto Measure.

SIGLENT
Manual Mode
Table 2-32 Manual cursor function menu:

Cursor Mode Manual In this menu, set the manual cursor measure.
Voltage Use cursor to measure voltage parameters.
Type
Time Use cursor to measure time parameters.
CH1
CH2
Source MATH Select input signal channel.
REFA
REFB
Cur A Select this option，use “Universal” knob to
adjust cursor A.
Cur B Select this option，use “Universal” knob to
adjust cursor B.
In this mode, the screen displays two horizontal parallel cursors or vertical parallel
cursors to measure voltage or time. You can move the cursor by turning the
“Universal” knob. Before using cursors, you should make sure that you have set
the signal source as the channel for measuring.
■ Voltage Cursor: Voltage cursors appear as horizontal lines on the display and
measure the vertical parameters.
■ Time Cursor: Time cursors appear as vertical lines on the display and measure
the horizontal parameters.
■ Cursor Moving: Use the “universal” knob to move cursor1 and cursor2 .They
could be moved when the corresponding cursor option are selected, and cursor
value will display on the bottom left and top left of the screen when you move the
cursor.
To do manual cursor measurements, follow these steps:

1. Press CURSOR button to enter the cursor function menu.
2. Press the “Cursor Mode” option button to select “Manual”.
3. Press the “Type” option button to select “Voltage” or “Time”.
4. Press the “Source” option button to select “CH1”, “CH2”, “MATH”,
“REFA” ,“REFB” according to input signal channel.
5. Select “Cur A”, turn the “Universal” knob to adjust Cursor A.
6. Select “Cur B”, turn the “Universal” knob to adjust Cursor B.

SIGLENT
7. The measurement values are displayed on the top of the left corner:
If the measurement type is set to “Voltage”, the values are:
The value of Cur A: CurA
The value of Cur B: Cur B
The voltage increment between Cursor A and Cursor B: △V
If the measurement type is set to “Time”, the values are:
The value of Cur A: CurA
The value of Cur B: Cur B
The time increment between Cursor A and Cursor B: △T
The reciprocal of time increment between Cursor A and Cursor B:
1/△T
Picture 2.11-2

SIGLENT
Track mode
Table 2-33 Track mode function menu:

Cursor Mode Track In this mode, set track cursor measure.
CH1 Set the input signal channel that the Cursor
Cursor A CH2 A will measure.
NONE
CH1 Set the input signal channel that the Cursor
Cursor B CH2 B will measure.
NONE
Cur A Select this option, turn the “Universal” knob
to adjust horizontal coordinate of Cursor A.
Cur B Select this option, turn the “Universal” knob
to adjust horizontal coordinate of Cursor B.
In this mode, the screen displays two cross cursors. The cross cursor sets the
position on the waveform automatically. You could adjust cursor’s horizontal
position on the waveform by turning the “Universal” knob. The oscilloscope
displays the values on the top of the right screen.
To do track cursor measurement, follow these steps:
1. Press CURSOR button to enter the cursor measure function menu.
2. Press the “Cursor Mode” option button to select “Track”.
3. Press the “Cursor A” option button to select the input signal channel.
4. Press the “Cursor B” option button to select the input signal channel.
5. Select “Cur A”, turn the “Universal” knob to move Cursor A
horizontally.
6. Select “Cur B”, turn the “Universal” knob to move Cursor B
horizontally.
7. The measurement values are displayed on the left of the top corner:
A→T: The horizontal position of Cursor A (Time cursor centered
around the midpoint of screen).
A→V: The Vertical position of Cursor A (Voltage cursor centered
around channel ground level).
B→T: The horizontal position of Cursor B (Time cursor centered
around the midpoint of screen).

SIGLENT
B→V: The Vertical position of Cursor B (Voltage cursor centered

around channel ground level).
△T: Horizontal space between Cursor A and Cursor B (Time value
between two cursors).
1/△T: The reciprocal of horizontal space between cursor A and cursor
B.
△V: Vertical space between Cursor A and Cursor B (Voltage value
between two cursors).
Picture 2.11-3

SIGLENT
Auto mode
Table 2-34 Auto mode function menu:

Cursor Mode Auto Set to auto cursor measure mode.
This mode will take effect with automatic measurements. The instruments will
display cursors while measuring parameters automatically. These cursors
demonstrate the physical meanings of these measurements.
To do auto cursor measurements, follow these steps:
1. Press the CURSOR button to enter “Cursor measure menu”.
2. Press the “Cursor Mode” option button to select “Auto”.
3. Press the “MEASURE” button to enter “Auto cursor measure mode
menu” to select the parameter that you want to measure.
Picture 2.11-4

SIGLENT
2.11.3 Auto Measurement
Picture 2.11-5
When you take automatic measurements, the oscilloscope does all the calculating
for you. Because the measurements use the waveform record points, they are
more accurate than the graticule or cursor measurements.
Press the ‘MEASURE’ for the Automatic Test.
There are three auto measurement types: Voltage Measure, Time Measure and
Delay Measure. There are thirty two measure parameters in all.
Table 2-35 Auto measure function menu 1:

Option Instruction
Voltage Press this button to enter the Voltage measure menu.
Time Press this button to enter the Time measure menu.
Delay Press this button to enter the Delay measure menu.
All Mea Press this button to enter the All Measurement menu.
Return Press this option button to return the home page of the auto
measure menu.
Picture 2.11-6

SIGLENT
Table 2-36 Auto measure function 2-Voltage measure menu:

Select input signal source for
Source CH1, CH2
Voltage measure.
Vmax, Vmin, Vpp, Vamp, Press the “Type” button or
Vtop, Vbase, Cycle Mean, turn the “Universal” knob to
Type Mean, Cycle Vrms, Vrms, select Voltage measure
ROVShoot, FOVShoot, parameter.
RPREShoot, FPREShoot
、、、 Display the corresponding
、、、 icon and measure value of
、、、 your selected Voltage
measure parameter.
、、、
、
Return to the first page of auto
Return
measurement menu.
Table 2-37 Auto measure function3-Time measure menu:

Select input signal source for
Source CH1, CH2
Time measure.
Rise Time、Fall Time、Freq、 Press the “Type” button or turn
Type Period 、 BWidth 、 +Width the “Universal” knob to select
-Width、+Duty、-Duty Time measure parameter.
、、、 Display the corresponding icon

and measure value of your
、、、
selected time measure
、、 parameter.
Return to the first page of auto
Return
measurement menu.
Table 2-38 Auto measure function4-Delay measure menu:

Source CH1,CH2 Select any two input signal
source for Delay measure.
Type Phase、FRR、FRF、FFR、 Press the “Type” button or turn
FFF、LRR、LRF、LFR、LFF the “Universal” knob to select
Delay measure parameter.
、、、 Display the corresponding icon
、、、 and measure value of your
、、 selected Delay measure
parameter.
Return Return to the first page of auto
measurement menu.

SIGLENT
Table 2-39 All Measurement function menu:

CH1 Select input signal channel.
Source
CH2
Turn on the all measurement function to
On measure voltage parameters.
Voltage
Off Turn of the all measurement function to
measure voltage parameters.
On measure Time parameters.
Time
measure Time parameters.
On measure Delay parameters.
Delay
measure Delay parameters.
Return Return to the “All Measure main menu”.
Table 2-40 Introduction of the Measure Type:

Measure Type Introduction
The most positive peak voltage measured over the
Vmax entire waveform.
The most negative peak voltage measured over the
Vmin entire waveform.
Measures the absolute difference between the
Vpp maximum and minimum peaks of the entire waveform.
Measures the highest voltage over the entire
Vtop waveform.
Measures the lowest voltage over the entire waveform.
Vbase
Voltage between Vhig and Vlow of a waveform.
Vamp
The arithmetic mean over the first cycle in the
Vavg waveform.
The arithmetic mean over the entire waveform.
Mean
The true Root Mean Square voltage over the first cycle
Crms in the waveform.
The true Root Mean Square voltage over the entire
Vrms waveform.
Defined as (Vmax-Vhig)/Vamp after the waveform
ROVShoot rising.
Defined as (Vmin-Vlow)/Vamp after the waveform
FOVShoot falling.
Defined as (Vmin-Vlow)/Vamp before the
RPREshoot waveform rising.

SIGLENT
Defined as (Vmax-Vhig)/Vamp before the

FPREshoot waveform falling.
Rise Time Measures the time between 10% and 90%
Rise Time of the first rising edge of the waveform.
Fall Time Measures the time between 90% and 10% of
Fall Time the first falling edge of the waveform.
The duration of a burst.
BWid Measured over the entire waveform.
+ Width Measures the time between the first rising
edge and the next falling edge at the waveform 50%
+ Wid
level.
-Width Measures the time between the first falling
edge and the next rising edge at the waveform 50%
- Wid
level.
Measures the first cycle waveform.
+ Duty Positive Duty Cycle is the ratio between positive pulse
width and period.
Measures the first cycle waveform. Negative Duty
Cycle is the ratio between negative pulse width and
－Duty
period.
The amount one waveform leads or lags another in
time. Expressed in degrees, where 360 degrees
Phase
comprise one waveform cycle.
The time between the first rising edge of source X and
FRR the first rising edge of source Y.
FRF the first falling edge of source Y.
The time between the first falling edge of source X and
FFR the first rising edge of source Y.
FFF the first falling edge of source Y.
The time between the first rising edge of source 1 and
LRR the last rising edge of source 2.
LRF the last falling edge of source Y.
LFR the last rising edge of source Y.
LFF the last falling edge of source Y.

SIGLENT
If you want to measure voltage parameters, please follow next steps:

1）. Press the “MEASURE” button to enter the “Auto measurement” menu.
2）. Press the top first option button to enter the “second measurement menu”.
3）. Select measure type. If you press the “Voltage” option button, “Voltage
measurement” menu will display on the screen.
4）. Press the “Source” option button to select “CH1”, “CH2” according to input
signal channel.
5）. Press the “Type” option button to select the parameter type that you want
to measure. The corresponding icon and value will display below the
measure parameter.
Picture 2.11-7
6）. Press the “Return” option button to return the home page of “Auto
Measurement” menu. The selected parameter and the corresponding value
will display on the top first position of the home page.
You can display the other parameters and its’ value on the corresponding
position using the same way, and the screen can display five parameters at
one time.

SIGLENT
If you want to measure time parameters using all measure function,

please follow next steps:
1）. Press the “MEASURE” button to enter the “Auto Measure menu”.
2）.Press the top option button to enter the second page of “Auto Measure
menu”.
3）. Press “All Mea” option button to enter the “All Measure menu”.
4）. Press “Source” option button to select input signal channel.
5）. Press the “Time” option button to select “On”. Now all of time parameters
value will display on the screen at the same time.（See Picture）
Picture 2.11-8

SIGLENT
2.12 Storage System

Showing as following picture, The SAVE/RECALL is the Storage System Function
Button.
Picture 2.12-1
You can quickly save and recall up to 20 oscilloscope panel settings, 20 groups’
waveforms(SDS1000CML/CNL only have 10 groups) in internal memory. There is
a USB Host interface in the front panel of the oscilloscope and you can save setup
data, waveform data, waveform interface image, CSV file to a USB flash drive
furthest at a time. Setup data and waveform data can be recalled to the current
oscilloscope or the other same model oscilloscopes. Picture data and CSV file
can’t be recalled to the oscilloscope, but it can be opened on the correlative
computer software.
■ Using SAVE /RECALL Screen
The SAVE ALL screen is divided into functions based on Directories or Files.
Directories shows option button for New Folder, Del Folder, and Load.
Picture 2.12-2

SIGLENT
While File shows option buttons for New File, Delete File, and Load.
Picture 2.12-3
Recalling Files
The Load button is used to recall your setup files. Once you’ve navigated to the
desired file and it’s highlighted in the main screen area, press the Load option
button and the setup is recalled from the USB flash drive.
Note: The Load button option is disabled when BMP or CSV file types are
selected.
Both Directory and Files have Rename and Return option buttons on Page2/2.
Use these buttons to give an existing folder of file a new name or to exit the
SAVE/REC ALL screen, respectively.
Picture 2.12-4

SIGLENT
Creating Folders and Files

Create new folders and files by pressing the New Folder or New File option button.
The following screen is shown.
Picture 2.12-5
● The New Filemenu choices and behavior is the same as the New Folder menu.
It just has a different heading. The InputChar option button adds the selected
character to the courser position in Name field.
● Move the cursor position in the name field using the “→”and “←” option buttons.
● Turn the Universal knob to move through character selections. When the
desired character is highlighted, press the Universal knob or press he
“InputChar” option button to add it to the specific position in the Name field.
● Additional selections for BackSpace, DeleteCharacter, and CleanName are
available for convenience and are also accessed using the “Universal” knob in
the same manner.
● Press the “Confirm” option button (when you have the Name field completed as
desired) to save the file onto the memory device. After the “Confirm” option
button is pressed, a “Data Store Success!” messages briefly shown and the new
folder or file is shown on your USB flash drive.

SIGLENT
SAVE/RECALL SETUP
■ Save Setups to Device： The complete setup is stored in nonvolatile memory.

When you recall the setup, the oscilloscope will be in the mode from which the
setup was saved.
The oscilloscope saves the current setup if you wait three seconds after the last
change before you power off the oscilloscope. The oscilloscope recalls this setup
the next time you apply power.
Table 2-41 Save setup to device function menu:

Menu for the Storage/Recall setting in the
Type Setups
oscilloscope
Save setup to the oscilloscope’s internal
Save to Device
memorizer.
Press the “Setup” option button or turn the
Setup No.1 to No.20
“universal” knob to select storage position.
Save Accomplish the storage
Recall Recall the storage in the “Setup” operation
Picture 2.12-6
Save setups to the oscilloscope’s internal memorizer, follow next steps:

For example: Save setup that set waveform display type to “Dots” to internal
memory.
1）Press the “SAVE/RECALL” button to enter the “SAVE/RECALL” menu.

SIGLENT
2）Press the “Type” option button to select “setups”.

3）Press the “Save to” option button to select “Device”.
4）Press the “Setup” option button to select “No.1”.
5）Press the “DISPLAY” button to enter the “Display” menu.
6）Press the “Type” option button to select “Dots”.
7）Press the “SAVE/RECALL” button to enter the “SAVE/RECALL” menu.
8）Press the “Save” option button.
Recalling setup, follow next steps:
1）Press the “SAVE/RECALL” button to enter the “SAVE/RECALL” display menu.
2）Press the “Type” option button to select “Setups”.
3）Press the “Save to” option button to select “Device”.
4）Press the “Setup” option button or turn the “Universal” knob to select “No.1”.
5）Press the “Recall” option button.

SIGLENT
■Save Setup to USB flash drive
Table 2-42 Save setup to USB flash drive function menu:

Type Setups Menu for the Storage/Recall settings.
Save to File Save setup data to USB flash drive.
Save Go to the Save/Recall interface
Picture 2.12-7
Save setup to USB flash drive, follow these steps：

For example: Save setup that set waveform display type to “Dots” to USB flash
drive.
Press the “SAVE/RECALL” button to select “Setups”.
1) Insert USB flash drive to USB host port of the oscilloscope and wait that the
oscilloscope has initialized USB flash drive (about five second).
2) Press the “Save to” option button to select “file”.
3) Press the “Save” option button then you’ll go into the Save/Recall interface.
4) Press the “New folder” button to create a new folder
5) Press the “Del folder” option button to delete a folder
6) Press the “Modify” option button to modify a folder.
7) Press the “New file” option button to create a new file
8) Press the “Del file” option button to delete a file
9) Press “the next page” option button and press the “Rename” option button to
modify the name of the file or the folder.
10) Turn the “Universal” knob to select the folder and press the “Confirm” option

SIGLENT
button and you save the set to the USB drive.
Recall setup data from USB flash drive, follow next steps:
1) Press the “SAVE/RECALL” button.

2) Press the “Type” button to select “Setups”.
3) Insert USB flash drive to USB host port of the oscilloscope and wait that the
oscilloscope has initialized USB flash drive (about five seconds).
4) Press the “Save to” option button to select “File”.
5) Press the “Save” option button then you’ll go into the Save/Recall interface .
6) Choose the file you want then press the “Load” option button (about five
seconds, there is a prompting message that “Read data success”), now setup
data have been recalled from USB flash drive.

SIGLENT
■ RECALL FACTORY
You can use this option to recall the factory setup.
Table 2-43 Factory function menu:

Type Factory To view the Factory setup.
Update cfg Update the config file
Load Recall the Factory setup.
Picture 2.12-8
SAVE/RECALL WAVEFORM
■Save waveforms to Device
Table 2-44 Save waveform to device function menu:

Option Setup Introduction
Menu for the Storage/Recall waveforms in
Type waveforms
the oscilloscope.
Save waveforms to the oscilloscope’s
Save to Device
internal memorizer.
Press the “waveform” option button or turn
waveform No.1 to No.20 the “Universal” knob to select storage
position.
Save Accomplish the storage.
Recall the storage in the “waveform”
Recall
operation

SIGLENT
Picture 2.12-9
Save waveforms in internal memory, follow next steps:

1）. Input a sine signal to channel 1 and press the “Auto” button.
2）. Press the “SAVE/RECALL” button to enter “SAVE/RECALL” display menu.
3）. Press the “Type” option button to select “waveforms”.
4）. Press the “Save to” option button to select “Device”.
5）. Press the “waveform” option button or turn the “Universal” knob to select
“No.1”.
6）.Turn the “Volts/div” knob or “S/div” knob to adjust the waveform that you want
to need.
7）. Press the “Save” option button.
Recall waveforms, follow next steps:
1）. Press the “SAVE/RECALL” button to enter “SAVE/RECALL” display menu.
2）. Press the “Type” option button to select “waveforms”.
3）. Press the “Save to” option button to select “Device”.
4）. Press the “waveform” option button or turn the “Universal” knob to select
“No.1”.
5）. Press the “Recall” option button.

SIGLENT
■ Save waveforms to USB flash drive
Table 2-45 Save waveforms to USB flash drive function menu：

Option Setup Introduction
Type Waveforms Menu for the Storage/Recall waveforms.
Save to File Save waveforms to USB flash drive.
Save Accomplish the storage.
Picture 2.12-10
Save waveforms to USB flash drive, follow next steps:
1）Input a sine signal to channel 1, press the “AUTO” button.

2）Press the “SAVE/RECALL” button to enter the “SAVE/RECALL” display menu.
3）Press the “Type” option button to select “Waveforms”.
4）Insert USB flash drive to USB host port of the oscilloscope and wait that the
5）Press the “Save to” option button to select “File”.
6）Press the “Save” option button then you’ll go into the Save/Recall interface.
7）Create a file then press the “Confirm” button (about five seconds, there is a
prompting message that “Save data success” displaying on the screen), now
waveform data have been saved to USB flash drive

SIGLENT
Recall waveforms form USB flash drive, follow next steps:

1）. Press the “SAVE/RECALL” button.
2）. Press the “Type” button to select “Waveforms”.
3）. Insert USB flash drive to USB host port of the oscilloscope and wait that the
4）. Press the “Save to” option button to select “File”.
5）. Press the “Save” option button then go into the Save/Recall interface.
6）. Choose the file you want then press the “Load” option button (about five
seconds, there is a prompting message that “Recall data success” displaying
on the screen), now waveform data have been recalled from USB flash drive.
■ Save Picture
Waveform interface image can be saved to USB flash drive, but they can’t be
recalled. You can open them on correlative computer software.
Table 2-46 Picture storage function menu:
Menu for the Storage/Recall waveform
Type Pictures
interface image.
Save Go to the Save/Recall interface.
Picture 2.12-11

SIGLENT
Save waveform image to USB flash drive, follow next steps:

1). Select the screen image that you want.
2). Press the “SAVE/RECALL” button to enter “SAVE/RECALL” menu.
3). Press the “Type” option button to select “Pictures”.
4). Insert USB flash drive to USB host port of the oscilloscope and wait that
the oscilloscope has initialized USB flash drive (about five seconds).
5). Press the “Print Key” option button to select “Save Picture”.
6). Press the “Save” option button then go into the Save/Recall interface”.
7). Press the “Save” button then you’ll go into the Save/Recall interface
8). Create the picture name then press the “Confirm” button (about five seconds,
there is a prompting message that “Save data success” displaying on the screen),
now picture data have been saved to USB flash drive.
Save/Recall CSV
Table 2-47 CSV storage function menu:

Type CSV Menu for the Storage CSV file to USB flash drive.
Data Displayed Set to store displayed waveform data to CSV file.
Depth Maximum Set to store maximum waveform data to CSV file.
Para On Set whether store parameters to CSV file or not.
Save Off
Save Go to the Save/Recall interface.
Picture 2.12-12

SIGLENT
Save CSV file to USB flash drive, follow these steps:

1). Press the “SAVE/RECALL” button to enter “SAVE/RECALL” menu.
2). Press the “Type” option button to select “CSV”.
3). Insert USB flash drive to USB host port of the oscilloscope and wait that the
oscilloscope has initialized USB flash drive(about five seconds).
4). Press the “Data Depth” option button to select “Displayed” or “Maximum”.
5). Press the “Para Save” option button to select “On” or “Off”.
6). Press the “Save” option button then you’ll go into the Save/Recall
interface
7). Create a file name then press the “Confirm” button (About five seconds, there
is a prompting message that “Save data success” displaying on the screen),
now CSV file has been saved to USB flash drive.

SIGLENT
2.13 Utility System
Picture 2.13-1
Table 2-48 Utility System function menu 1:

System Displays summaries of the oscilloscope
Status settings.
Open the key-press voice.
Sound
Close the key-press voice.
On Turn on Frequency Counter
Counter
Off Turn off Frequency Counter.
简体中文 Simplified Chinese
繁體中文 Traditional Chinese
English English
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ Arabic
Français French
Deutsch German
Language
Русский Russian
Español Spanish
Português Portuguese
日本語 Japanese
한국어 Korean
Italian Italian
Next Page Page 1/4 Press this button to enter second page.
Picture 2.13-2

SIGLENT
Table 2-49 Utility System function menu 2:

Do self cal Auto self emendation.
Screen Test Run the screen detect program
Do Self
Keyboard Test Run the keyboard detect program
Test
LED Test Run the dot lighten detect program.
Enter the print setup menu to set print
Print Setup
options.
The oscilloscope connects to the printer
using USB cable. When you execute
Printer print function, please select “Printer”.
Now the print icon displays on the top of
USB the screen.
Device The oscilloscope connects to the
computer using USB cable. When you
USBTMC execute EasyScope software, please
select “USBTMC”. Now the computer
icon displays on the screen.
Next Page Page 2/4 Press this button to enter third page.
Picture 2.13-3
Table 2-50 Functional Menu of the Utility System 3:

Update You can update the oscilloscope use USB
firmware flash Driver (About need two minutes).
Pass/Fail Pres this button to enter the “Pass/Fail menu”.
Press this button to enter the waveform record
Record
menu.
Next Page Page 3/4 Press this button to enter first page.

SIGLENT
Table 2-52 Function Menu of the Utility System ：

1min, 2min, 5min, 10min
Screen-saver 15min, 30min, 1hour, Set the time of Screen-saver
2hour, 5hour ,Off
Recorder Enter recorder function
Next Page
Picture 2.13-5

SIGLENT
2.13.1 System Status
Press the “System Status” option button of the Utility Menu to view the
oscilloscope’s hardware and software configuration.
Picture2.13-6
Table 2-53 System status instruction:

Option Introduction
Startup Times List the boot-strap times.
Software version List the software version.
Hardware Version List the hardware version.
Product type List the product type.
Serial No. List the product serial number.
2.13.2 Language
The oscilloscopes have twelve languages’ user menu to be selected.
Press the “Utility” button →“language” to select language.
Picture 2.13-7

SIGLENT
2.13.3 Print
The scope support PictBridge compatible printers. You can connect the back USB
port of the oscilloscope to the USB port of the PictBridge compatible printer using
the USB cable.
Table 2-54 Print setup option function menu 1:

Prints the screen image
on a white background
On when you select “on”.
Ink Saver
Off Print the color screen
image when you select
“off”.
Portrait
Layout Printer output orientation.
Landscape
Default, L, 2L, Hagaki Postcard,
Card Size, 10 x 15 cm, 4" x 6",
8" x 10", Letter, 11" x 17", A0, Displays Settings
Paper A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, available on your
Size A9, B0, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, PictBridge compatible
B7, B8, B9, 89 mm, Roll (L), printer.
127 mm Roll (2L),100 mm Roll
(4"), 210 mm Roll(A4)
Select “Print Picture”
option when the
oscilloscope connects to
the printer, press the
Print Picture “S/div” knob to print the
Print Key Save Picture picture.
Select “Save Picture”
option when you insert the
USB flash, press the
“S/div” knob to save the
picture.
Next Press this option button to
Page 1/2
Page enter next page menu.

SIGLENT
Picture 2.13-8
Table 2-55 Print setup option function menu 2:

Default, 2.5x3.25 in, L (3.5x5 in), 4x6 Displays Settings
in, 2L (5x7 in), 8x10 in, 4L (7 x 10 in), available on your
Image Size E, Card, Hagaki card, 6 x 8 cm, 7x10 PictBridge
cm, 9x13 cm, 10x15 cm, 13x18 cm, compatible
15x21 cm, 18x24 cm, A4, Letter printer.
Paper Type Default, plain, Photo, Fast Photo
Print Quality Default, Normal, Draft, Fine
ID Print Default, On, Off
Enter first page
Next Page Page 2/2 of print setup
menu.
Note: 1.The Printer may override your selection for best fit.
2. If your selection is not supported by the printer, the
oscilloscope uses the Default setting.
3. The oscilloscope was designed to print to any
PictBridge compatible printer. Refer to product
documentation for your printer to determine if the printer
is compatible with PictBridge.

SIGLENT
Picture2.13-9
To print screen picture, follow these steps:

1. Connect the oscilloscope to a PictBridge compatible printer.
1) Insert one end of a USB cable into the USB Device port on the oscilloscope.
2) Insert the other end of the cable into the PictBridge port on a PictBridge
compatible printer.
2. Print a Screen image
1) Power on the oscilloscope and the printer (The printer recognizes the
oscilloscope only when the printer is powered on).
2) Press the UTILITY button to display “UTILITY” menu.
3) Press the “Next Page” option button.
4) Press the “Back USB” option button to select “Printer”
5) Press the “Print Setup” option button to display “Print setup” menu.
6) Set up the print setup option according to your need. The oscilloscope
queries the printer, and only displays options and values that the printer
supports.
If you are not sure which setting to choose, select “Default” for each option.
7) Press the “Print Key” option button to select “Print Picture”.
8) Press the “PRINT” button to print screen image.
The oscilloscope takes a few seconds to capture the screen image. The settings
of your printer and print speed determine how long it takes to print the data.
Additional time may be required according to the format selected.

SIGLENT
2.13.4 Self Calibration

Self Calibration procedure can optimize the signal path at the most measurement
precision. You can run this procedure at any time. If the operating temperature
changes by more than 5° C or the units run more than thirty minutes, you should
do the self calibration.
When you run the self Calibration, you should cut off all the probes and lead.
Then press the “Utility” button to choose the “Do self cal” to show the self
Calibration Menu, and execute self calibration program according to the
prompting on the screen.
Picture 2.13-10
2.13.5 Self Test
Press “UTILITY”→ “Do Self Test”
Table2-56
Option Introduction
Screen Test Run Screen Test Program.
Keyboard Test Run Keyboard Test Program.
LED Test Run LED Test Program.

SIGLENT
Operation Steps:
1. Screen Test:
Select “Screen Test” to enter the screen test interface. The clew words “Press
‘SINGLE’ Key to continue，Press ‘RUN/STOP’ Key to exit” is displayed, you could
press the “Single” for test.
Picture 2.13-11
2. Keyboard Test
Select “keyboard Test” to enter the key test interface, the on-screen lathy
rectangle shapes represent the front panel keys. The shapes with two arrows
beside them represent the front panel knobs. The squares represent the knob
presses for scale knobs. Test all keys and knobs and you should also verify that
all the backlit buttons illuminate correctly.
Note：
●When you operate, the screen would display the white (Color LCD) and black
(single LCD) repose.
●The tested button or knobs corresponding area would display green (Color LCD)
or white (single LCD).
●At the bottom of the screen display “Press‘ RUN/STOP’ Key Three Times to
exit” information prompt to show that press “RUN/STOP” three times for quitting
the test .

SIGLENT
Picture 2.13-12
3. LED test
Select “LED Test” to enter the lighten interface, the on-screen lathy rectangle
shapes represent the front panel keys; the lathy rectangle shapes represent the
front panel knobs. The squares represent the knob presses for scale knobs. The
clew words “Press ‘SINGLE’ Key to continue , Press ‘RUN/STOP’ Key to exit” is
displayed, you could press the “Single” button continuously for testing, when
buttons are lighted ,the corresponding area on the screen would display
green(Color LCD) or white(Single LCD ).
Picture 2.13-13

SIGLENT
2.13.6 Updating the System Software

■ Using USB flash drive update firmware
The software of the oscilloscope can be updated directly via USB Flash drive, this
process needs about two minutes. Follow next steps:
1. Insert USB Flash Drive with firmware procedure to USB Host interface on
the front panel of the oscilloscope.
2. Press the “UTILITY” button to enter the “Utility menu”.
3. Press “Next Page” option button to enter the third page of “Utility menu”.
4. Press the “Update Firmware” option button.
5. Press the “SINGLE” button to start updating the software according to prompt
on the screen.
Turn off the oscilloscope and turn on it again, the software has been updated. The
oscilloscope needs to execute “Do Self Cal” after update.
Note: Don’t cut off the power while the oscilloscope is updating.
2.13.7 Pass/Fail
The Pass/Fail function can monitor changes of signals and output pass or fail
signals by judging the input signal is within the predefined mask or not.
Table 2-57 Pass/Fail function menu 1:

Enable On Turn on Pass/Fail function.
Off Turn off Pass/Fail function.
Source CH1 Select signal input channel.
CH2
Operate Press to run the Pass/Fail test.
Press to stop the Pass/Fail test.
Msg Display On Turn on times information display of the
Off waveform pass/fail.
Turn off times information display of the
waveform pass/fail.
Next Page Page 1/2 Press this button to enter second page of
Pass/Fail menu.

SIGLENT
Picture 2.13-14
Table 2-58 Pass/Fail function menu 2:

Pass Output when pass condition detected.
Output
Fail Output when fail condition detected.
On Stop test when output occur.
Stop On Output Continue test when output occur.
Off
Mask Setting Enter the “Mask Setting menu”.
Return Return to the Pass/Fail main menu.
Next Page Page 2/2 Return to the first page of Pass/Fail menu.
Picture 2.13-15

SIGLENT
Table 2-59 Mask Setting function menu 1:

X Mask Turn the “Universal” knob to set the range of
horizontal clearance to the waveform.
xdiv <0.04div-4.00div>
Y Mask Turn the “Universal” knob to set the range of
vertical clearance to the waveform.
ydiv <0.04div-4.00div>
Create Create a test mask according to the above
Mask clearance.
Internal
Location Select position to store created mask.
External
Enter the second page of “Mask Setting
Next Page Page 1/2
menu”.
Picture2.13-16
Table 2-60 Mask Setting function menu 2:

Save Store created mask setting.
Load Recall stored mask setting.
Return Return to the main menu of mask setting.
Last Page Page 2/2 Return to the first page of “Mask Setting menu”.

SIGLENT
Picture 2.13-17
RUN Pass/Fail test, please follow next page:
1) Press UTILITY button to enter the “Utility menu”.

2) Press the “Next Page Page1/4” option button.
3) Press the “Next Page Page2/4” option button to enter the third page of “Utility
menu”
4) Press the “Pass/Fail” option button to enter the “Pass/Fail” function menu.
5) Press the “Enable Test” option button to select “On”.
6) Press the “Source” option button to select input signal channel.
7) Press the “Next Page Page1/2”option button to enter the second page of the
“Pass/Fail menu”.
8) Press the “Mask Setting” option button to enter the first page of “Mask menu”.
9) Press the “X Mask” button; turn the “Universal” knob to adjust the horizontal
clearance.
10) Press the “Y Mask” button; turn the “Universal” knob to adjust the vertical
clearance.
11) Press the “Create Mask” button to create mask and you also can enter the
next page of “Mask menu” to recall the stored mask.
12) Enter the second page of “Pass/Fail function menu”, press the “Output”
option button to set the output option.
13) Enter the first page of “Pass/Fail function menu”, press the “Operate” option
button to select “ ”to run the pass/fail test.

SIGLENT
Picture 2.13-18
2.13.8 Waveform Record
Waveform record can record input waveform from CH1 and CH2 with a maximum
record length of 2500 frames. This record behavior can also be activated by the
pass/fail test output, which makes this function especially useful to capture
abnormal signals in long term without keeping an eye watching it.
Waveform recorder: Record the waveforms with specified interval.
Table 2-61 Waveform recorder function menu:

Record Set Record function menu.
Play Back Set Play Back function menu.
Mode
Storage Set Storage function menu.
Off Turn off waveform recorder menu.
CH1
Source CH2 Select record source channel.
P/F-OUT
Set time interval between record
Interval
frames.
End Frame Set max number of record frames.
（Record） Press to start recording.
Operate
（Stop） Press to stop recording.

SIGLENT
Picture2.13-19
To record waveforms, follow these steps:
1. Press the UTILITY button to enter “Utility menu”.

2. Press the “Next Page” option button to enter the third page of “Utility menu”.
3. Press the “Record” button to enter “Waveform Record Menu”.
4. Press the “Mode” option button to select “Record”.
5. Press the “Source” option button to select the input signal channel.
6. Select “Interval” option, turn the “Univeral” knob to adjust time interval between
record frames.
7. Select “End Frame”, select the “Universal” knob to adjust the max record
frame.
8. Press “ ”in “Operate” option to record waveform.
Play Back: Play back current record waveforms or saved record waveforms.
Table 2-62 Waveform play back function menu 1

Mode Play Back Set the Play Back function menu.
（Run） Press to start playback playing.
Operate
（Stop） Press to stop playing.
Set circular play mode.
Play Mode
Set single time play mode.
Interval Set time interval between frames.
Next Page Page 1/2 Enter the second page of Play Back menu.

SIGLENT
Picture 2.13-20
Table 2-63 Waveform play back function menu 2:

Start Frame Set start frame.
Curr_Frame Select current frame to be played.
End Frame Set End frame.
Return Press to return the waveform
recorder main menu.
Next Page Page 2/2 Return to the first page of Play
Back function menu.
Picture 2.13-21
To play back current record waveforms, follow these steps:

1. Press UTILITY button to enter “Utility menu”.
2. Press the “Mode” option button to select “Play Back”.
3. Press the “Play Mode” option button to select “ ” or “ ”.
4. Press the “Interval” option button to select time interval between play back
frames.

SIGLENT
5. Press the “Next Page 1/2” to enter the second page of “Play Back function
menu”.
6. Select the “Start Frame” option, turn the “Universal” knob to adjust the start
frame of play back waveform.
7. Select the “End Frame” option, turn the “Universal” knob to adjust the end
frame of play back waveform.
8. Press the “Next Page 2/2” option button to return the first page of “Play Back
menu”.
9. Press the “ ” option button in “Operate” option to play back waveforms.

SIGLENT
2.13.9 Recorder
The waveform recorder is a kind of seamless and no-gap real time recording of
waveform, means oscilloscope can save and replay waveform every time it
captured. It is similar to waveform recording instrument, and the biggest recording
size of its internal memory is 6M
Table 2-64 waveform recording function menu：

option description
Record record the waveform persistently
Replay Replay recorded waveform, refer to table 2-66
Option Set the recorder properly, refer to table 2-67
Return Quit the recording function
Picture 2.13-22
Table 2-65 waveform recall function menu

Option Description
Quit the auto-recalled waveform, then the
waveform in EMS memory can be observed
Stop
through altering the time base, the waveform in
EMS memory can be moved left and right
Previous Recall the waveform again
Next Fast forward play the recalled waveform again
Return Quit the recalling interface

SIGLENT
Picture 2.13-23
Table 2-66 recorder’s setting menu

Option Setting Description
Full Screen Waveform of Full screen recording
and channel recalling
Waveform of recording on split screen
Viewer
Split and channel recalling, CH1 is
displayed in upper half-screen, CH2 is
displayed in lower half-screen.
Recorder saves the channel
Continuous
waveform persistently; the latter
Record Mode waveform will cover the former.
Single
Recorder will stop waveform saving
when its memory is up to 7M.
By point when recalling, the screen waveform
refresh from left to right
Replay Mode By frame When recalling, screen waveform will
refresh completely according to the
capturing time of each frame
Return quit the recording setting interface

SIGLENT
Picture 2.13-24
Recorder Operation step：

1. Press the UTILITY button to enter “Utility menu”.
2. Press the “Next Page” option button to enter the four page of “Utility menu.
3. Press the “Recorder” button to enter the Recorder manual.
4. Press the “Option” button to select the parameter which you want by yourself
5. Press the “Recorder” button to enter the Record menu and then Press the
“Start” button to start record waveform
6. After finished record waveform, then Press the “Replay” button to view the
recorded waveform.

SIGLENT
2.13.10 Remote Control

There are two means to remotely control the oscilloscope:
Use user-defined programming
User can control the oscilloscope by programming through standard SCPI

(Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) commands. For more
details about commands and programming, Please refer to Programming Manual.
Use PC software offered by SIGLENT or other manufacturers
User can send command to remotely control the oscilloscope through PC software
EsayScope which offered by SIGLENT. Besides, “Measurement & Automation
Explorer” which provided by NI (National Instruments Corporation) also can be
used to control the oscilloscope. This oscilloscope can communicate with a PC by
a USB bus. This part will show how to use EsayScope to remotely control an
oscilloscope by USB interface.
Control by USB
Connect Instrument
Use a USB data wire to connect the oscilloscope (USB Device) to a PC.
Installing USB Device

Set oscilloscope Back USB to USBTMC. If you have installed EsayScope or NI
software, the PC will pop-up a hardware update guide dialogue box which shows
below when you connect the oscilloscope to the computer correctly for the first
time, and please install the “USB Test and Measurement Device” device program
follow the prompting messages. Below are the steps:

SIGLENT

SIGLENT

SIGLENT

SIGLENT
Research Device
Open EsayScope software; click “add device” to research, there will pop-up the
following dialogue box, then click Add.
Check Instrument Resource

The instrument information which has been researched is as the picture below. It
shows the instrument number and the USB interface information.
Communicate test
Click “SCPI control” and choose “common SCPI”: *IDN?, click Enter to send
command. The software will accept the data and display the instrument
information. See picture below.

SIGLENT
2.14 Online Help Function

The oscilloscope has an online help function that supplies multi-language help
information, and you can recall them to help you operate the oscilloscope when
you need.
Press the “HELP” button to enter the help status, then press every button to recall
the corresponding help information. Note：If you want to see help information of
SINGLE button and RUN/STOP button, you need to see them when you first enter
the help status because you press the SINGLE button can enter next page of help
information and Press the RUN/STOP button can return to the first page of help
information when other button’s help information exceed one page.
All submenus of every main menu have their help information. Note: If you want to
see help information of next page submenus, first you need to press the “HELP”
button to exit the help status and switch to next page menu then press the “HELP”
knob to enter the help status again and press the submenu option buttons to see
its help information.
Picture 2.14-1

SIGLENT
Chapter 3 Prompting Messages and

Troubleshooting
3.1 Prompting Messages:
■ Trig level at limit! : Mention you that the trigger Level is at a limit when
you turn the Trig level knob.
■ Horizon position at limit! : Mention you that the horizontal position is
at a limit when you turn the horizon position knob.
■ Volts/Div at limit! : Mention you that the vertical voltage have already
touched the Min 2MV/div or the Max 10V/div.
■ Volts position at limit! : The system would display this information
when the vertical position is at a limit.
■ Sec/Div at limit! : Prompts that the Volts/Div is at full range while
turning the vertical scale knob.
■ Holdoff time at limit! : Turn the “Universal” knob when holdoff time has
been to max or min value, now the system will clew this information.
■ Functions isn’t useable! : Under several special modes, the some
functions could not be running.
■ No signal! : The system would clew this information when the signal
could not match the auto set condition. (Using in the auto set)
■ Adjust at limit! : You could adjust the pulse width by the universal knob
till the pulse width has reached min20.0ns or max 10.0s.
■ Location Empty! : If you have no stored waveforms or setups on some
location, the screen will display this information when you press the
“Recall” button on this location.
■ USB Flash Drive Plug In! : This information will appear when you
invert the USB Flash Drive to the USB Host port.
■ USB Flash Drive Pull Out! : This information will appear when you pull
out the USB Flash Drive.
■ Store Data Success! : Save setup data, waveform data or picture data
to the internal of the oscilloscope or USB flash successful.
■ Ready Data Success! : Read setup data or waveform data from the

SIGLENT
internal of the oscilloscope or USB flash successful.

■ Please set Back USB to printer! : Press the “S/div” knob will appear
this information on the screen when the “Print Key” option is set to “Print
Picture” and the “Back USB” option is set to “USBTMC”.
■ USB Flash Drive isn’t connected! : When the “Save To” option is set
to “File” or the “Print Key” option is set to “Save Picture” in “Save/Recall”
menu , Press the “Save” option button or the “S/div” knob before
inverting the USB Flash Drive to the USB Host port will appear this
information on the screen.
■ Record Wave Success! ：This message will appear when you finish
recording waveforms.

SIGLENT
3.2 Troubleshooting
1. After the oscilloscope is powered on，the screen remains dark ，please do

as following steps：
⑴ Check the power cable’s connection.
⑵ Ensure the power switch is turned on.
⑶ After the inspections above，restart the oscilloscope.
⑷ If the oscilloscope is still not used after the checking, please connect with
Siglent
2. If there is no signal wave in the screen after gathering the signal, please
do as following steps:
(1) Check the probe connecting with the signal cable or not
(2) Check the signal cable connecting with the BNC connector or not.
(3) Check the probe whether connect with the goods tested or not.
(4) Check the tested goods produce the signal or not.
(5) Gather the signal again.
3. The value of the tested voltage is 10 times higher/lower than the real one ,
please do as following steps:
Check the attenuation quotient whether match the probe attenuation proportion or
not.
4. Display the wave, but not steady, please do the following steps:
(1) Check the signal source on the trigger interface whether or not matches the
signal channel.
(2) Check the trigger mode: normal signal should use the “edge” trigger mode.
The video signal should use the “Video” Trigger mode. The signal would
display steady, only using the matching trigger mode.
(3) Attempt to change the “coupling” into “HF Reject” or “LF Reject” display, so that
the High/low frequency noise disturb the trigger should be filtrated
5. Press “RUN/STOP” button, but no display.
Check the trigger mode on the trigger interface whether or not in the “normal” or
“single”, and check the trigger level is whether or not over the wave range. If yes,
please put the trigger level to the middle position or set the trigger mode to the
“Auto” position. In another hand, you could choose the “Auto” button to set up

SIGLENT
automatically.
6. After the Acquisition is set to Averages or Display Persistence time is set
too long, the waveform refreshes slowly.
It is normal in these settings
7. The signal is displayed as ladder like waveform
(1)This phenomenon is normal. The time base maybe is too slow .you should turn
the horizontal scale knob to increase horizontal resolution to improve the
display.
(2) Maybe the display Type is set to “Vectors”, You could set it to Dots mode to
improve the display.

SIGLENT
Chapter 4 Service and Support
4.1 Maintain Summary

Siglent warrants that the products that it manufactures and sells will be free from
defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) years (accessories
for a period of one year) from the date of shipment from an authorized Siglent’s
distributor. If a product or CRT proves defective within the respective period,
Siglent will provide repair or replacement as described in the complete warranty
statement.
To arrange for service or obtain a copy of the complete warranty statement,
please contact your nearest Siglent’s sales and service office.
Except as provided in this summary or the applicable warranty Statement, Siglent

makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied, including without limitation the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no
Event shall Siglent be liable for indirect, special or Consequential damages

SIGLENT
4.2 Contact SIGLENT
MTR Add：3//F, Bldg No.4, Antongda Industrial Zone, 3rd Liuxian Road, Bao’an
District, Shenzhen, 518101, P.R.China
Tel：0086-755-3661 5186
E-mail：sales@siglent.com
http://www.siglent.com

SIGLENT
Appendix A: Specifications
All specification applies to 10X probe and All the SDS1000CML Series Digital
Storage Oscilloscopes.
To verify that the oscilloscope meets specifications, the oscilloscope must first
meet the following conditions:
● The oscilloscope must have been operating continuously for thirty minutes
within the specified operating temperature.
● You must perform the Do Self Cal operation, accessible through the Utility menu,
if the operating temperature changes by more than 5° C.
● The oscilloscope must be within the factory calibration interval
All specifications are guaranteed unless noted “typical.”
Specifications
Inputs
Input Coupling AC, DC, GND
1MΩ±2% || 16Pf±3Pf,
Input Impedance
50Ω+/-2%(SDS1202CNL contain this function)
Maximum Input 400V （DC+AC PK-PK，1MΩ input impedance，
voltage X10），CAT I
>100:1 at 100MHz: (SDS1202CNL,SDS1202DL)
>100:1 at 70MHz (SDS1152CML)
Ch to Ch Isolation
>100:1 at 50MHz:(SDS1102DL/CML/CNL)
(Both channels in
>100:1 at 35MHz:(SDS1072CNL,SDS1072CML)
same V/div setting)
>100:1 at 25MHz (SDS1052DL)
>100:1 at 10MHz (SDS1022DL)
Probe Attenuator 1X,10X
Probe Attenuator
1X,5X,10X,50X,100X,500X,1000X
Factors Set
Vertical System
2mV/div -10V/div(1-2-5 order)
Vertical Sensitivity
[Except SDS1202CNL : 2mV/div -5V/div]
2mV –200mV: ±1.6V 206mV - 10V: ±40V
Channel Voltage
(SDS1202CNL: 2mV-100mV: ±800MV
Offset Range
102mV-10V: ±40V)

SIGLENT
Vertical
8 bit
Resolution
Channels 2
200MHz(SDS1202CNL, SDS1202DL)
150MHz(SDS1152CML)
Analog 100MHz(SDS1102DL,SDS1102CNL,SDS1102CML)
Bandwidth 70MHz(SDS1072CNL,SDS1072CML）
50MHz(SDS1052DL)
25MHz(SDS1022DL)
DC -10% of rated BW: +/- 1dB
BW Flatness at 10% - 50% of rated BW: +/- 2dB
BNC input 50% - 100% of rated BW: + 2dB/-3dB
Lower frequency
≤10Hz(at input BNC)
limit (AC -3dB)
≤0.6 Div for average of 10 Pk-Pk readings, Fixed
Noise: Pk-Pk for gain settings
3K record ≤0.7 Div for average of 10 Pk-Pk readings, Variable
gain settings
SFDR including
harmonics
>=35dB
(measured with
FFT)
DC Gain ＜±3.0%: 5mv/div to 10V/div in Fixed Gain Ranges
Accuracy ＜±4.0%: 2mv/div Variable Gain Ranges
DC Measurement
Accuracy: ± [3%* （ |reading|+|offset| ） +1% *of |offset|
All Gain settings +0.2div+2mv]
≤100mv/div
DC Measurement
Accuracy: ± [3%* （ |reading|+|offset| ） +1%* of |offset|
All Gain settings +0.2div+100mv]
＞100mv/div
<1.8ns (SDS1202CNL, SDS1202DL )
<2.3ns ( SDS1152CML )
<3.5ns(SDS1102DL,SDS1102CNL,SDS1102CML)
Rise time
<5.0ns (SDS1072CNL,SDS1072CML）
<7.0ns (SDS1052DL )
<14ns (SDS1022DL )
Overshoot,
Typical
<10% with probe or BNC input w/ 50 Ohm feed thru
(using 500ps
pulse)
<1ns: SDS1202CNL,SDS1202DL
Ch to Ch Skew SDS1152CML
(both channels in SDS1102DL,SDS1102CML,SDS1102CNL
same V/div <2ns: SDS1072CNL, SDS1072CML
setting) <4ns: SDS1052DL
<10ns: SDS1022DL

SIGLENT
(Equivalent to 2 minor divisions in smallest t/div)

Math operation +, -, *, /, FFT
Window mode: Hanning, Hamming, Blackman,
FFT Rectangular
Sampling points: 1024
20MHz ±40% (Note: BW limited below 20MHz
Bandwidth limited
when using probe in x1)
Horizontal System
SDS1000DL:Single Channel:500MSa/s,Double
Channel: 250MSa/s( When timebase faster than
Real Time 250ns/div)
Sampling Rate SDS1000CML/CNL:Single Channel:1GSa/s,
Double Channel: 500MSa/s( When timebase
faster than 50ns/div)
Equivalent The highest equivalent sampling rate of other
Sampling Rate Models is 50GSa/s
Measure Display
MAIN, WINDOW, WINDOW ZOOM, ROLL, X-Y
Modes
Timebase Accuracy ±50ppm measured over 1ms interval
Horizontal Scan 2.5nS/DIV - 50S/DIV
Range Scan: 100mS/DIV ～50S/DIV (1-2.5-5 sequence)
Trigger System
Trigger Types Edge, Pulse Width, Video, Slope, Alternative
Trigger Source CH1,CH2,EXT,EXT/5,AC Line
Trigger Modes Auto, Normal, Single
Trigger Coupling AC, DC, LF rej, HF rej
CH1,CH2: ±6divisions from center of screen
Trigger Level Range EXT: ±1.2V
EXT/5: ±6V
Pre-trigger：（Memory depth/（2*sampling））,
Trigger Displacement
Delay Trigger: 271.04DIV
Trigger Level Internal： ±(0.2 div×V/div)( within±4 divisions
Accuracy from center of screen)
(typical) applicable for
EXT： ±(6% of setting + 40 mV)
the signal of rising
and falling time ≥20ns EXT/5： ±(6% of setting + 200 mV)
For fixed gain ranges
1 Divisions: DC-10MHz
1.5 Divisions: 10MHz - Max BW
Trigger Sensitivity EXT: 200mVpp DC-10MHz,
300mVpp 10MHz - Max BW
EXT/5: 1Vpp DC-10MHz,
1.5Vpp 10MHz - Max BW
Trigger Modes: (＞,＜, ＝)positive Pulse Width,
Pulse Width Trigger (＞, ＜, ＝)Negative Pulse Width
Pulse Width Range: 20ns – 10s

SIGLENT
Support signal Formats: PAL/SECAM, NTSC

Video Trigger Trigger condition : odd field, even field, all lines,
line Num
(＞,＜, ＝) Positive slope, (＞,＜, ＝) Negative
Slope Trigger slope
Time: 20ns-10s
CH1 trigger type: Edge, Pulse, Video, Slope
Alternative Trigger
CH2 trigger type: Edge, Pulse, Video, Slope
X-Y Mode
X-pole Input / Y-Pole
Channel 1 (CH1) / Channel 2 (CH2)
Input
XY mode has a breakthrough that trad
Sample Frequency oscilloscopes restrict sampling rate at 1MSa/s.
Support 25Ksa/s～250Msa/s adjusted.
Hard Ware Frequency Counter

Reading resolution 1Hz
Range DC Couple, 10Hz to MAX Bandwidth
Satisfying all Trigger signals(Except Pulse
Signal Types
width trigger and Video Trigger)
Control Panel Function

Auto Set Auto adjusting the Vertical, Horizontal system
and Trigger Position
Save/Recall Support 2 Group referenced Waveforms, 20
Group setups, 20 Group captured Waveforms
internal Storage/Recall function and USB flash
driver storage function.
Measure System
Vpp, Vmax, Vmin, Vamp, Vtop, Vbase, Vavg,
Mean,Crms, Vrms, ROVShoot, FOVShoot,
Auto Measure RPREShoot, FPREShoot, Rise time, Fall time,
(32 Types) Freq, Period,+ Wid,－Wid, ＋Dut, －Dut,
BWid, Phase, FRR, FRF, FFR, FFF, LRR, LRF,
LFR, LFF
Cursor Measure Manual mode, Track mode and Auto mode

SIGLENT
Generic Specification
Display System
Color TFT 7.0in.(177.8mm)diagonal
Display Mode
Liquid Crystal Display
Resolution 480 horizontal by 234 vertical pixels
Display Color 24 bit
Display Contrast （Typical state） 150:1
Backlight Intensity（Typical state） 300nit
Wave display range 8 x 18 div
Wave Display Mode Dots, Vector
Persist Off, 1 sec, 2 sec, 5 sec, Infinite
Menu Display 2 sec, 5 sec, 10 sec, 20 sec, Infinite
Off,1min,2min,5min,10min,15min,3
Screen-Saver
0min,1hour,2hour,5hour
Classical, Modern, Tradition,
Skin
Succinct
waveform interpolation Sin(x)/x，Linear
Color model Normal , Invert
Simplified Chinese, Traditional
Chinese, English, Arabic, French,
Language
German, Russian, Portuguese
Spanish, Japanese, Korean, Italian
Environments
Operating:10℃ to +40℃
Temperature
Not operating: -20℃ to +60℃
Cooling The fan forces it cold.
Operating: 85%RH, 40℃, 24 hours
Humidity
Not operating: 85%RH, 65℃, 24 hours
Operating: 3000m
Height
Not operating: 15,266m
Power Supply
Input Voltage 100-240 VAC, CAT II, Auto selection
Frequency Scope 50/60 Hz
Power 50W Max
Mechanical
length 323.1mm
Dimension Width 135.6mm
Height 157mm
weight 2.5kg

Appendix B: Default Setup
options 、 knobs or
Menu or system Default setup
buttons
Coupling DC
BW limit Off
Volts/div Coarse
CH1,CH2 Probe 1X
Invert Off
Filter Off
Volts/div 1.00V
Operation CH1+CH2
CH1 Invert Off
CH2 Invert Off
FFT operation:
MATH Source CH1
Window Hanning
FFT Zoom 1X
Scale dBVrms
Display Split
Window Main
Position 0.00μs
HORIZONTAL Sec/div 500μs
Window Zone 50.0μs
Trigger knob level
Type Off
Source CH1
CURSOR
Horizontal (voltage) +/-3.2divs
Vertical (time) +/-5divs
three mode options Sampling
Averages 16
ACQUIRE
Sampling mode Real Time
DISPLAY Type Vectors
Persist off
Gird
Intensity 60%
Brightness 40%
Format YT

Menu Display infinite
Type Setups
SAVE/RECALL Save To Device
Setup No.1
REFA/REFB REFA
Source CH1
REF
REFA off
REFB off
Sound on
Counter On
UTILITY Back USB USBTMC
Pass/Fail off
Record off
Type edge
Source CH1
Slope Rising
TRIGGER (edge)
Mode Auto
Coupling DC
LEVEL 0.00V
Type pulse
Source CH1
When =
TRIGGER (pulse)
Set Pulse Width 1.00ms
Mode Auto
Coupling DC
Type Video
Source CH1
Polarity Normal
TRIGGER (Video)
Sync All Lines
Standard NTSC
Mode Auto
Type Slope
TRIGGER Source CH1
(Slope) Time 1.00ms
Mode Auto
Type Alternative
TRIGGER Source CH1
(Alternative) Mode Edge
Coupling DC

Appendix C: Daily Maintain and Cleaning
Daily Maintain
DO not store or leave the instrument in where the LCD display will be
exposed to direct sunlight for long periods of time.
CAUTION: To avoid damage to the instrument or probes, do not expose
them to sprays, liquids, or solvents
Cleaning
If this instrument requires cleaning, disconnect it from all power sources

and clean it with a mild detergent and water. Make sure the instrument is
completely dry before reconnecting it to a power source.
To clean the exterior surface, perform the following steps:
1). Remove loose dust on the outside of the instrument and probes with a
lint-free cloth. Use care to avoid scratching the clear plastic display
filter.
2). Use a soft cloth dampened with water to clean the instrument. Use an
aqueous solution of 75% isopropyl alcohol for more efficient cleaning.
Note：
To avoid damage to the surface of the instrument or probes, do not use
any abrasive or chemical cleaning agents.

Power Supply
LQ6324T
POWER SOLUTIONS
MULTI OUTPUT
Regulated DC Power Supply
Low cost
l general purpose
laboratory bench unit.
Fully protected against
l
overload and short circuit.
Three independent outputs
l
electrically isolated from each
other.
5V/5A with over voltage
l
crowbar protection for digital
ICs.
Electrically floating outputs
l
up to 500V DC w.r.t. ground.
Compact modular
l
construction.
Precise regulation, low ripple
l
and noise for both constant
voltage and constant current
operation.
133mm
Quality components and
l
conservating ratings for high
reliability and long life.
430mm 250mm
OUTPUT 32V/2A ±15V/0.5A 5V/5A

Input Voltage 230V AC, ±10%, 50Hz, 1 Phase
Output Voltage 0 to 32V 12V to 15V 4.50 to 5.50V
Output Current 0 to 2A 0.5A 5A
Line Regulation CV * ±0.01% ±2mV ±0.1% ±0.1%
Load Regulation CV ±0.01% ±2mV ±0.1% ±0.1%
Line Regulation CC * ±0.1% ±250µA N.A. N.A.
Load Regulation CC ±0.1% ±250µA N.A. N.A.
Output Ripple CV 1mV rms 1mV rms 1mV rms
Output Ripple CC 0.04% rms N.A. N.A.
Remote Sensing N.A. N.A. N.A.
Operating Temp. 0 to 50°C 0 to 50°C 0 to 50°C
Protection OL/SC (CC type) OL/SC (fold back type) OL/SC (fold back type)
O/P OVP N.A. N.A. Crowbar type
Indication (LED) CV/CC CV CV
3 Digit DPM V&I Common 3 digit voltmeter with sel. switch
Meter Accuracy ±3 counts ±3 counts ±3 counts
Input on/off Rocker switch Rocker switch Rocker switch
Single Turn Pots Coarse & fine to set V & I V set V set
Dimensions apprx. 430 × 133 × 250
W × H × D (mm)
Weight apprx. 12.0kg.
* For 10% variation in input voltage with constant rated load. ** All dimensions are behind the panel and excluding legs
WE PURSUE A POLICY OF CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCT IMPROVEMENT. THUS THE SPECIFICATIONS IN
May 2015
THIS DOCUMENTS AND THE LOCATION OF CONTROLS ON THE FRONT PANEL MAY BE CHANGE D WITHOUT NOTICE
POWER CONTROLS & CONVERSION DIVISION

Aplab Limited A-5, Wagle Estate, Thane 400 604. INDIA. T: +91-22-67395555, 25821861 F: 25823137 E: powersupply@aplab.com www.aplab.com
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Multimeter
What is a multimeter?
• A multimeter is a devise used to measure voltage, resistance

and current in electronics & electrical equipment
• It is also used to test continuity between to 2 points to verify if

there is any breaks in circuit or line
• There are two types of multimeter Analog & Digital

– Analog has a needle style gauge
– Digital has a LCD display (Referenced during this PPT)
There are 2 styles of multimeters
Switched Auto Range

Manually switch Switches between
between ranges to get ranges automatically
most accurate reading. for best reading.
Both of these
styles work the
same
Meter leads
•Red meter lead

Is connected to Voltage/Resistance or amperage port
Is considered the positive connection
•Probes
Are the handles used to hold
tip on the tested connection
•Tips
Are at the end of the probe
and provides a connection
point
•Black meter lead
Is always connected to the common port
Is considered the negative connection
Display & Dial Settings
• Digital Display
Shows measured value.
• Meter Dial
Turn dial to change functions.
Turn dial to OFF position after
use.
• Panel Indicator
Shows each function and
setting range to turn dial to.
• Probe Connections
Specific for each function.
Common DMM Symbols
~ AC Voltage Ground
--- DC Voltage ( Capacitor
Hz Hertz mF MicroFarad
+ Positive m Micro
Negative m Milli
W Ohms M Mega
* Diode K Kilo
))) Audible Continuity OL Overload
These symbols are often found on multimeter and

schematics.
They are designed to symbolize components and
reference values.
Measuring Voltage
•Voltage (V) is the unit of electrical pressure; one volt is the
potential difference needed to cause one amp of current to pass
through one ohm of resistance
•Voltage is broke up into 2 sections AC & DC

Alternating Current (AC) is house voltage (110vac)
Direct Current (DC) is battery voltage (12vdc)
•On switched meters use one value higher than your expected
value
•Be very careful to not touch any other electronic components

within the equipment and do not touch the tips to each other while
connected to anything else
•To measure voltage connect the leads in parallel between the two
points where the measurement is to be made. The multimeter
provides a parallel pathway so it needs to be of a high resistance
to allow as little current flow through it as possible
Measuring Voltage
Measuring Voltage
9.3vdc
Measuring Resistance and Continuity
•Resistance (W) is the opposition to current
•Resistance is measured in Ohm's
•Disconnect power source before testing
•Remove component or part from system before testing
•Measure using lowest value, if OL move to next level
•Testing for continuity is used to test to verify if a circuit, wire or

fuse is complete with no open
•Audible continuity allows an alarm if circuit is complete
•If there is no audible alarm resistance of 1ohm to .1ohm should

be present
Measuring Resistance
Measuring Resistance
100W
Measuring or Testing Continuity
Measuring or Testing Continuity
.5W
Fuse
5 amp
Measuring Current
• Current (amps) is the flow of electrical charge though a

component or conductor
• Current is measured in amps or amperes
• Disconnect power source before testing
• Disconnect completed circuit at end of circuit
• Place multimeter in series with circuit
• Reconnect power source and turn ON
• Select highest current setting and work your way down.

Measuring Current
Measuring Current
1.1amps
Review
• A meter capable of checking for voltage, current, and
resistance is called a multimeter,
• When measuring Voltage the multimeter must be connected to

two points in a circuit in order to obtain a good reading. Be
careful not to touch the bare probe tips together while
measuring voltage, as this will create a short-circuit!
• Never read Resistance or test for Continuity with a multimeter

on a circuit that is energized.
• When measuring Current the multimeter must be connected in

a circuit so the electrons have to flow through the meter
• Multimeters have practically no resistance between their leads.

This is intended to allow electrons to flow through the meter
with the least possible difficulty. If this were not the case, the
meter would add extra resistance in the circuit, thereby
affecting the current

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Electrical & Electronic

2nd digit multiplier tolerance

All modern resistors can be classified into following

Another type of resistor, called a Wirewound Resistor, is made by winding a thin

The Dual Inline Package is normally associated with resistor networks

SMD resistors are rectangular in shape. They have metallised areas at

The capacitor's function is to store electricity, or electrical energy.

The different types of capacitors below.

Aluminum is used for the electrodes by using a thin oxidization membrane.

The capacitance values are as

The capacitor on the left is a 100pF capacitor with a diameter of

The capacitance of the component on the left is

The device on the left has a height of 10 mm, is

This capacitor uses thin polyester film as the dielectric.

From the left in the photograph

The capacitance from the left

From the left in the photograph

Variable capacitors are used for adjustment etc. of frequency mainly.

Example of mica capacitors

Example of mica capacitors.

5) Read the multiplier dot and multiply the first two

Some of the different types of diodes are:

A bipolar (junction) transistor (BJT) is a three-terminal electronic device

Between Transistor Terminals PNP NPN

Collector Emitter RHIGH RHIGH

Collector Base RLOW RHIGH

Emitter Collector RHIGH RHIGH

Emitter Base RLOW RHIGH

Base Collector RHIGH RLOW

Base Emitter RHIGH RLOW

Transistor circuits may be classified into three configurations based on which

The Vce-Ic Curves of an NPN transistor for different

The Vcb-Ic Curves of an NPN transistor for different

Common-Collector Transistor Configuration

The common-collector (CC) transistor configuration is shown in Figure 3. In this configuration,

AMPLIFIER TYPE COMMON BASE COMMON EMITTER COMMONCOLLECTOR

CURRENT GAIN LOW MEDIUM HIGH

POWER GAIN LOW HIGH MEDIUM

INPUT RESISTANCE LOW MEDIUM HIGH

OUTPUT HIGH MEDIUM LOW

Integrated circuits are made using a process called photolithography. A

The chip name and manufacturer is usually printed on top in white

In consumer electronics, ICs have made possible the development of many

DIP-8 DIP-14 DIP-16 DIP-18 DIP-20 DIP-24 DIP-28 DIP-40

In microelectronics, a dual in-line package (DIP), sometimes called a DIL-package

Pin numbering is counter-clockwise.

The photograph shows a circuit on a typical small breadboard

The diagram shows how the breadboard

THE © John Hewes 2006, The Electronics Club, www.kpsec.freeuk.com

Monostable Circuit Diagram

Components without suitable leads

THE © John Hewes 2006, The Electronics Club, www.kpsec.freeuk.com

Monostable Circuit on Breadboard

THE © John Hewes 2006, The Electronics Club, www.kpsec.freeuk.com

Banana Male Connector Banana Female Connector

Hook up Wire 23 SWG Wire Cutter

10 MHz AM FM FUNCTION GENERATOR