Singapore Mathematical Society

Singapore Mathematical Olympiad (SMO) 2012

Junior Section (First Round)

Tuesday, 29 May 2012 0930-1200 hrs

Instructions to contestants

1. Answer ALL 35 questions.

2. Enter your answers on the answer sheet provided.

3. For the multiple choice questions, enter your answer on the answer sheet by shading the

bubble containing the letter (A, B, C, D or E) corresponding to the correct answer.

4. For the other short questions, write your answer on the answer sheet and shade the ap­

propriate bubble below your answer.

5. No steps are needed to justify your answers.

6. Each question carries 1 mark.

7. No calculators are allowed.

8. Throughout this paper, let lxJ denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x. For

example, = =
l2.lj 2, l3. 9J 3.
PLEASE DO NOT TURN OVER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

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Multiple Choice Questions

1. Let a and (3 be the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + 2bx + b = 1. The smallest possible
value of (a - f3? is
(A) 0; (B) 1; (C) 2; (D) 3; (E) 4.

2. It is known that n2012 + n2010 is divisible by 10 for some positive integer n. Which of the
following numbers is not a possible value for n?

(A) 2; • (B) 13; (C) 35; (D) 47; (E) 59.

3. Using the vertices of a cube as vertices, how many triangular pyramid can you form?

(A) 54; (B) 58; (C) 60; (D) 64; (E) 70.

4. AB is a chord of a circle with centre 0. CD is the diameter perpendicular to the chord AB,
with AB closer to C than to D. Given that LAOB = 90° , then the quotient

area of .6.ABC
area of .6.AOD

(A) J2 -1; (B) 2 - J2; (C)v;; (E) �.

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5. The diagram below shows that ABCD is a parallelogram and both AE and BE are straight
lines. Let F and G be the intersections of BE with CD and AC respectively. Given that
BG = EF, find the quotient DE AE.

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6. Four circles each of radius x and a square are arranged within a circle of radius 8 as shown
in the following figure.

What is the range of x?

(A) 0 <X< 4; (B) 0 < x < 8 ( J2 + 1); (C) 4- 2J2 <X< 4;

(D) 4- 2J2 < x < 8(J2 -1); (E) 4- J2 <X< 4(J2 + 1).
7 . Adam has a triangular field ABC with AB = 5, BC = 8 and CA = 11. H e intends to
separate the field into two parts by building a straight fence from A to a point D on side
BC such that AD bisects L.BAC. Find the area of the part of the field ABD.

(A)
4
J2I .
11 '
(B)
4
�; (C) 5J2I.
11 '
(D) 5�; (E) None of the above.

8. For any real number x, let lxJ be the largest integer less than or equal to x and x = x - lxJ.
Let a and b be real numbers with b =/= 0 such that

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

(A) If b is an integer then a is an integer;

(B) If a is a non-zero integer then b is an integer;

(C) If b is a rational number then a is a rational number;

(D) If a is a non-zero rational number then b is a rational number;

(E) If b is an even number then a is an even number.

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 9. Given that
--;x;---;x; ­
y=
X

is an integer. Which of the following is incorrect?

(A) x can admit the value of any non-zero integer;

(B) x can be any positive number;
(C) x can be any negative number;

y
(D) can take the value 2;

y
(E) can take the value -2.

10. Suppose that A, B, C are three teachers working in three different schools X , Y, Z and spe­
cializing in three different subjects: Mathematics, Latin and Music. It is known that

(i) A does not teach Mathematics and B does not work in school Z;

(ii) The teacher in school Z teaches Music;

(iii) The teacher in school X does not teach Latin;

(iv) B does not teach Mathematics.

Which of the following statement is correct?

(A) B works in school X and C works in school Y;

(B) A teaches Latin and works in school Z;

(C) B teaches Latin and works in school Y;

(D) A teaches Music and C teaches Latin;

(E) None of the above.

Short Questions

11. Let a and a > =

b be real numbers such that b, 2a + 2b 75 and 2-a + 2-b 12-1 . Find the =

value of 2a-b .

12 . Fm. d the sum of all positive

. . .
mtegers x sueh t h at
x3 - x + 120 . an mteger.
.
IS
(x - 1 )(x + 1)

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13. Consider the equation
vh x2 - 8x + 1 + J 9x2 - 24x - 8 = 3.

It is known that the largest root of the equation is - k times the smallest root . Find k.

14. Find the four-digit number abed satisfying

2(abed) + 1000 deba. =

= = =
(For example, if a 1, b 2, e 3 and d 4, then abed = = 1234.)

15. Suppose x andy are real numbers satisfying x2 + y 2 - 22x - 20y + 221 0. Find xy. =

16. Let m and n be positive integers satisfying

mn2 + 876 4mn + 217n. =

Find the sum of all possible values of m.

17. For any real number x, let lxJ denote the largest integer less than or equal to x. Find the
value of lxJ of the smallest x satisfying lx 2 J - lx J 2 100. =

18. Suppose XI, x2 , . . . , X 49 are real numbers such that

Find the maximum value of XI + 2x2 + + 49x49 ·

· · ·

19. Find the minimum value of

Jx 2 + ( 20 -y ) 2 + Jy 2 + ( 21 - z ) 2 + Jz 2 + ( 20 -w ) 2 + Jw 2 + ( 21 - x ) 2 .

20. Let A be a 4-digit integer. When both the first digit (left-most) and the third digit are
increased by n, and the second digit and the fourth digit are decreased by n, the new
number is n times A. Find the value of A.

21. Find the remainder when 1021I 022 is divided by 1023.

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22. Consider a list of six numbers. When the largest number is removed from the list, the average
is decreased by 1. When the smallest number is removed, the average is increased by 1. When
both the largest and the smallest numbers are removed, the average of the remaining four
numbers is 20. Find the product of the largest and the smallest numbers.
23. For each positive integer n 2: 1, we define the recursive relation given by

an+l=1 1 .
+an

Suppose that a1 = a2012. Find the sum of the squares of all possible values of a1.

24. A positive integer is called friendly if it is divisible by the sum of its digits. For example,
111 is friendly but 123 is not. Find the number of all two-digit friendly numbers.

25. In the diagram below, D and E lie on the side AB, and Flies on the side AC such that
DA=DF=DE, BE= EF and BF= BC. It is given that L_ABC= 2 L_ACB. Find x,
where L_BFD= X0•

26. In the diagram below, A and B(20,0) lie on the x-axis and C(O, 30) lies on they-axis such
that L_ACB= 90°. A rectangle DEFG is inscribed in triangle ABC. Given that the area
of triangle CGF is 351, calculate the area of the rectangle DEFG.

A D 0 E B X

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27. Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon. Let G be a point on ED such that EG = 3GD . If the
area of AGEF is 100, find the area of the hexagon ABCDEF.

E G D

F c

A B

28. Given a package containing 200 red marbles, 300 blue marbles and 400 green marbles. At each
occasion, you are allowed to withdraw at most one red marble, at most two blue marbles and
a total of at most five marbles out of the package. Find the minimal number of withdrawals
required to withdraw all the marbles from the package.

29. 3 red marbles, 4 blue marbles and 5 green marbles are distributed to 12 students. Each
student gets one and only one marble. In how many ways can the marbles be distributed so
that Jamy and Jaren get the same colour and Jason gets a green marble?

30 . A round cake is cut into n pieces with 3 cuts. Find the product of all possible values of n.

31 . How many triples of non-negative integers ( x, y, z) satisfying the equation

xyz + x y + yz + zx + x + y + z = 2012?

32. There are 2012 students in a secondary school. Every student writes a new year card. The
cards are mixed up and randomly distributed to students. Suppose each student gets one
and only one card. Find the expected number of students who get back their own cards.

33. Two players A and B play rock-paper-scissors continuously until player A wins 2 consecutive
games. Suppose each player is equally likely to use each hand-sign in every game. What is
the expected number of games they will play?

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34. There are 2012 students standing in a circle; they are numbered 1, 2, . . . , 2012 clockwise. The
counting starts from the first student ( number 1) and proceeds around the circle clockwise.
Alternate students will be eliminated from the circle in the following way: The first student
stays in the circle while the second student leaves the circle. The third student stays while
the fourth student leaves and so on. When the counting reaches number 2012, it goes back to
number 1 and the elimination continues until the last student remains. What is the number
of the last student?

n < n.
35. There are k people and chairs in a row, where 2 ::; k There is a couple among the
k people. The number of ways in which all k people can be seated such that the couple
is seated together is equal to the number of ways in which the (k - 2) people, without the
couple present, can be seated. Find the smallest value of n.