Week 2 Module
Week 2 Module
Most of the time, business ventures are rooted in the existing products or solutions.
passion, skills, and past experiences. Some may have
Novelty can be improved through the following:
just started as personal projects but later turned out
to also have the potentials to help many others and so • Unique features: Developing unique
consequently, market is created, and business venture features that are not offered by competitors can make
is born. This phenomenon is called “user a product stand out.
entrepreneurship”. Someone
• Quality: Offering a higher quality product
with passion, idea, or technology may reflect on the
than competitors can set a product apart.
following to identify good opportunities for business
ventures: • Cost: Developing a low-cost version of an
existing solution to attract users. Please note that this
• Knowledge: What was the focus of your
is not simply lowering the price of the same product
education or career?
or solution but innovating on the process or raw
• Capability: What are you most proficient at?
materials of the same product in order to achieve a
• Connections: Who do you know that has
lower development cost and consequently offering a
expertise in different industries? Do you know
lower selling price.
other entrepreneurs?
• Financial assets: Do you have access to • Positioning: Positioning the product in a
significant financial capital, or will you be unique way, such as targeting a specific niche market
relying on a meager savings account to start or emphasizing its eco-friendly or sustainable
out? attributes, can help differentiate it from others.
• Name recognition: What are you or your
partners well-known for? Skills in • Personalization: Offering a personalized
engineering? Understanding fiber optics? service or product can make a product stand out from
• Past work experience: In previous jobs you’ve others, as it is tailored to the specific needs of the
held, what inefficiencies or “pain points” customer.
existed? Be careful though, claiming that there is no one like
• Passion for a particular market: Does the idea you in the market and so you have nothing to
of improving healthcare excite you? How compare your solution with could possibly hurt your
about education? Energy? Transportation? reputation as it may appear that you have lackluster
• Commitment: Do you have the time and market research. Remember that a status quo is also a
effort to devote to this endeavor? Are you competition. Adoption – Willingness of the users to
ready to make a new venture your primary (or apply and pay the product or solution. This
only) focus? information should come from your actual end users
You may use the points above to perform a quick but you don’t need to interview them at this point.
check before you embark on the Technopreneurship Just discuss among your members and reflect on the
journey. It may not always fun and easy but it’s potential friction of adoption of your idea.
certainly going to be worth it. There are several factors that can increase the friction
of innovation adoption:
Is My Idea Worth Pursuing?
Now, let’s factor in the fact that you are a young • Complexity: Complex or unfamiliar
innovator, a student with unique perspectives, who technologies can be difficult for users to understand
are not constrained by legacy thinking, and are open and adopt.
to new and unconventional ideas. Below are the
criteria by which you can evaluate your idea and see if • Resistance to change: People may be
it’s worth pursuing. resistant to change and may not want to adopt new
technologies or processes.
Criterion – Weight (%)
Novelty – 30% • Fear of failure: Users may be afraid that the
Adoption – 15% new technology or process will not work as expected,
Viability – 15% leading to increased friction in adoption.
Capability – 30%
Development Cost – 10%
• High costs: The high costs associated with 3 members within the team who have the skills to
acquiring, implementing, and training on new develop the core features of the idea. Example, if your
technologies can make it difficult for organizations to idea involves artificial intelligence, there must at least
adopt new innovations. 3 IT or Computer Science students in the team. If you
plan to develop a concrete additive for faster curing,
• Lack of support: Without proper support,
there must be at least 3 Civil Engineering students.
training, and resources, users may struggle to adopt
new innovations. Development Cost - Prototype is affordable for
student innovators to develop. Budget beyond 30
• Incompatibility: The innovation may not be
thousand pesos is already considered as less feasible
compatible with existing systems, processes or culture
unless a sponsor or industry partner is willing to
of the organization, making it hard to adopt.
shoulder the development cost.
• Negative perception: Negative perceptions
Where is marketability in the criteria if paying
of the innovation, such as misinformation, can lead to
increased friction in adoption.
customers is the single necessary and sufficient
condition for a business?
• Lack of incentives: Without proper
incentives, users may not see the value in adopting There is a lot of factors that could affect the
new innovations. marketability of an innovation or a new solution.
Some important ones are pricing, unique features, its
• Regulation: In some cases, innovations may effectiveness to solve a problem or add value, and the
not be able to be adopted due to regulatory target market satisfaction.
constraints.
The approach of this course prioritizes the
• Limited resources: Organizations with identification of a specific user segment with the
limited resources may struggle to adopt new following condition before the innovation is
innovations due to lack of funding or personnel. considered as marketable.
Technical Feasibility - The chance of the idea to get • Same product: The customers within the
implemented. Is the required technology available market all buy similar products. If you have to make
and accessible? slightly different products to appeal to the different
There are several factors that can affect the customers and end users in your market, it’s too
feasibility of an idea: broad of a market.
• Technical feasibility: The idea must be • Same sales process: The sales process to the
technically possible to implement, with all the end users will be the same, meaning interchangeable
required resources and technologies language, value proposition, sales channels, etc. If
your salespeople have to change tactics from one end
available.
user to the next, your market’s not targeted enough!
• Schedule feasibility: The idea must be able to
be implemented within the available time • Word of mouth: There is “word of mouth”
frame. between customers in the market, meaning they can
• Legal feasibility: The idea must be in serve as compelling and high-value references for
compliance with all relevant laws and each other in making purchases. For example, they
regulations. may belong to the same professional organizations or
• Environmental feasibility: The idea must not operate in the same region. If you find a potential
have a negative impact on the environment. market opportunity where the customers do not talk
• Social feasibility: The idea must be socially to each other—if they are separated by large
acceptable and should not negatively impact distances, for example— you’re going to have a hard
the society or communities. time building up sales across the full group of end
• Resource availability: The availability of users. Refine your segmentation.
resources, such as funding, personnel, and
materials, can affect the feasibility of an idea. To put it simply, avoid the pitfall of selling to
everyone. As a start-up venture, your resources are
Capability - The capability of the team to create and limited. To design and execute any products will take
deliver the product or solution. There must be at least time and resources. If you start production on one
product, and find there aren’t enough customers to market segmentation to determine if a customer
make your venture profitable, you almost certainly segment with significant size and funding is ready to
will not have the resources to keep making products use the technopreneur’s technology. The
until you find a profitable market. segmentation process will be discussed later in this
course.
You will know more about this in Market
Segmentation. Smartphones are an example of a product developed
due to a technology push, where existing touchscreen
Market Pull and Technology Push technology was used to improve the mobile phone
After a quick self-reflection on what you could pursue market.
as a potential business venture, it’s time to include Today, even the scientist in the lab is thinking early on
your customers and end-users in the picture. There about the application of the breakthrough he or she is
are two possible ways to kickstart a true innovation working on. Something that seems like a “technology
and connect to the potential end-users – market pull push” may have been inspired by a “market pull,” and
and technology push vice versa. The same will be done in this course.
Market pull is a scenario in which the market Existing technologies that a student may already have
demands a product (or service) type, or defines a will still undergo the process of customer validation to
problem, and producers respond by producing and achieve product-market fit. This way, customers will
delivering that product. There exists some group of have input as to how the product development or
people who are willing to pay money for the solution service offering would turn out.
to their “pain points”. In short, market pull product Activity Technology Market Pull
development is based on a perception of what Push
products or services the customer wants, with the Business Risky Safe
customer having a large say in the direction of Decisions
product development. The most important thing for Cost of Risk Moderate to Low to
the market pull is to be open to the ideation process High Moderate
and come up with ideas that the team thinks are Cost of R&D Moderate to Low to
worth pursuing. High Moderate
Return on Unknown, Assured
In this course, several ideation tools will be employed Investment Unsure
like the Venn diagram, How-Might-We statements, (ROI)
empathy map, and others to spot ideas worth Cost of Reshaping the Easy
pursuing as startup ventures. Marketing Market
Investment Moderate to Low to
An example of market pull is the development of High Moderate
cameras, which have become smaller, more Market Customer Customer
lightweight and higher performing as a result of Education educated by educated by
customer needs. Producer Customers
Managerial Vision Leadership
Technology push the scenario in which the producer,
Mindset
seeing an advantage to the consumer that the
Distinction between Technology Push and Market Pull
consumer does not see, creates a product type and
the demand for that product type. Regardless of whether you choose a market pull or
technology push, there is a lot you won’t know yet
The producer carefully learns and understands about this general problem: How urgent is the
customers’ problems. In short, technology push problem? How much will the customer pay for a
product development is based on the belief that the solution? How many people have this problem? What
supplier recognizes a market need even before the does the competitive landscape look like?
market does. It could be research outputs, hardware
breakthroughs, or inventions with significant For now, the goal is to come up with general ideas
intellectual property claims. In technology push, the where, if there is focus and sufficient time, the team
producer ultimately educates the customer. can produce a product that could be the basis of a
scalable business that everyone will be excited about.
Technopreneurs in this course may proceed directly to
If you have an existing invention, research, Example 2
prototype or any technology based projects, you may
use them in this course so you can maximize the
benefit of the validation process.
Venn Diagram
It’s time to put forth your ideas!
Example 4
Another example is the movie, Jaws. Put it on space
and get Alien. Here we take existing themes and
overlap them to come up with something new.
Example 7
Example 5
Better Version: Users in trial subscription [who] are • This lacks the impact of the problem.
not aware of the full product offerings [problem]
Better Version for Problem Statement 4: Users [who]
resulting to low product adoption [impact].
find the return process difficult [problem] which
Problem Statement 2: There are too many forms that results to low customer satisfaction [impact].
the customers have to choose and they also
The next topic will turn problem statements into
complained about the difficult rechecking of
opportunities through How-Might-We Statements.
submission mistakes.
• This does not state the impact of the problem. Using “How Might We” Questions to
• This contains two separate problems: many Ideate on the Right Problems
forms that cause confusion, and difficult
rechecking of submission mistakes. Now let’s convert the problem statements into
opportunities.
Better Version: This needs to be broken down into 2
separate problem statements: Constructing how-might-we questions generates
creative solutions while keeping teams focused on the
Problem Statement 2.a: First time users [who] are right problems to solve.
often unsure about which form to complete when
they file their taxes [problem]. This adds customer 5 Tips on Writing Good HMW
inquiries and results in longer time to accomplish the 1. Start with the Problems (or Insights) You’ve
form [impact]. Uncovered
Problem Statement 2.b discusses the other problem Some teams generate HMWs that are not specific
statement further. to what they’ve learned. For example, How might
Problem Statement 2.b: Users complained about the we improve the user experience of the product? is
difficult rechecking of submission mistakes. not specific to what you might have uncovered in
your discovery research. This question can result
• It is not clear what part of the submission in ideas that don’t address the root problems and
process users have difficulties with. the insights you uncovered.
• This statement sounds like merely restating
what has been known about the issue without Problem - Users in trial subscription aren't aware
the intention of solving it. This lacks empathy. of the full product offerings resulting in low
product adoption.
Better Version for Problem Statement 2.b: Mobile
users [who] often spend a long time correcting their HMW - How might we increase awareness of the
submission mistakes [problem] resulting in the full product offerings fortrial users to increase
cancellation of the application process[impact]. product adoption?
3. Keep Your HMWs Broad In a similar vein to point 4, stating your HMW
questions positively can generate more ideas and
When writing HMW questions, ask yourself if you
encourage creativity.
could rewrite them in a broader way? The broader the
HMW, the more ideas can be generated. If you find yourself using negative verbs like ‘reduce,’
‘remove,’ and ‘prevent,’ ask yourself if you can frame
Problem - Mobile users often spend a long time
things more positively by using positive action verbs,
correcting their submission mistakes.
like ‘increase,’ ‘create,’ ‘enhance,’ ‘promote’ and so
HMW (good) - How might we make it quick and on.
easy for mobile users to check their work for
Problem - Users find the return process difficult
mistakes?
which results to low customer satisfaction.
HMW (better) - How might we support mobile
HMW (poor) - How might we make the return
users to efficiently draft submissions that they’re
process less difficult to increase customer
happy with?
satisfaction?
Although we want HMWs to be broad, make sure not
HMW (good) - How might we make the return
to go too broad that you lose sight of the problem
process quick and intuitive to increase customer
you’re trying to solve. For example, How might we
satisfaction?
redesign the submission-drafting process? would be
too broad.
5. Phrase Your HMW Questions Positively Amp up the good - HMW use the kids’ energy to
entertain fellow passenger?
Problem Statement 1: People who like to listen to Remove the bad - HMW separate the kids from
podcasts need to be able to easily bookmark or fellow passengers?
save interesting parts of podcasts while
commuting because having to find these points Explore the opposite - HMW make the wait the
afterward is time-consuming and difficult. most exciting part of the trip?
Amp up the good - HMW make an entire Question an assumption - HMW entirely remove
podcast interesting for users? the wait time at the airport?
Remove the bad - HMW present interesting Go after adjectives - HMW make the rush
parts of podcasts to users? refreshing instead of harrying?
Explore the opposite - HMW make finding ID unexpected resources - HMW leverage free
interesting parts of podcasts the most exciting time of fellow passengers to share the load?
part of listening to podcasts? Create an analogy from need or context - HMW
Question an assumption - HMW make make the airport like a spa? Like a playground?
podcasts more tactile or voice-assisted? Play against the challenge - HMW make the
Go after adjectives - HMW make airport a place that kids want to go?
bookmarking or saving easy instead of Change the status quo - HMW make playful,
difficult? loud kids less annoying?
ID unexpected resources - HMW use other Break POV into pieces - HMW entertain kids?
apps to make searching within podcasts HMW slow a mom down? HMW mollify delayed
easier? passengers?
Remember that this technique is only for expertise. A common mistake in this layer
generating as many HWM statements as possible is using a specific tool or solution which
especially when stuck. All generated HWM could be used to solve a pain point. For
statements still need to be assessed based on the example, instead of using an android
mentioned characteristics of good HMW application, one may use emerging
statements stated above. What we are after for technologies. This way, one will have
are those HMW statements which are worth enough room to generate pain points and
pursuing – those which have potential to become ideas related to emerging technologies
a business venture. and not be restricted to what android
solutions could only address.
Stitching Venn, Problem Statement and
HMW Together Let’s use the following as the layers of the Venn
diagram:
Here’s an example on how to use Venn
diagram, problem statement, and How-Might-We Focus Area: Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6).
statements together to generate an idea. You may click here to know more about SDG.
End-user/Beneficiary: Households
Step 1: Venn Diagram
Knowledge/Capability: Renewable Energy
After defining the scope of our ideation process
by specifying the layers of the Venn diagram, a
problem must be identified which is under SDG 6
that affects common households and can be
solved through renewable energy solutions.