This document discusses three-phase half-wave rectifiers, including both uncontrolled and controlled types with resistive loads. It describes the circuit connections and operating principles of each, showing that uncontrolled rectifiers only conduct during one half of the input waveform while controlled rectifiers can vary conduction based on a firing angle. The output waveforms and effects of continuous versus discontinuous conduction modes are examined. Advantages of three-phase rectifiers over single-phase include higher average output voltage and efficiency.
This document discusses three-phase half-wave rectifiers, including both uncontrolled and controlled types with resistive loads. It describes the circuit connections and operating principles of each, showing that uncontrolled rectifiers only conduct during one half of the input waveform while controlled rectifiers can vary conduction based on a firing angle. The output waveforms and effects of continuous versus discontinuous conduction modes are examined. Advantages of three-phase rectifiers over single-phase include higher average output voltage and efficiency.
This document discusses three-phase half-wave rectifiers, including both uncontrolled and controlled types with resistive loads. It describes the circuit connections and operating principles of each, showing that uncontrolled rectifiers only conduct during one half of the input waveform while controlled rectifiers can vary conduction based on a firing angle. The output waveforms and effects of continuous versus discontinuous conduction modes are examined. Advantages of three-phase rectifiers over single-phase include higher average output voltage and efficiency.
This document discusses three-phase half-wave rectifiers, including both uncontrolled and controlled types with resistive loads. It describes the circuit connections and operating principles of each, showing that uncontrolled rectifiers only conduct during one half of the input waveform while controlled rectifiers can vary conduction based on a firing angle. The output waveforms and effects of continuous versus discontinuous conduction modes are examined. Advantages of three-phase rectifiers over single-phase include higher average output voltage and efficiency.
When V1 is more positive than V2 and V3, diode D1 will
conduct while diode D2 and D3 still not conducting. Then when V1 start to decrease, V2 will become more positive. So diode D1 will stop conduct while diode D2 will start to conduct but D3 still not conducting. Later, V2 start to decrease but V3 will become more positive. So diode D2 will stop conduct while diode D3 will start conducting but diode D1 still not conducting. Three-phase Uncontrolled Half wave rectifier with resistive load
Input voltage
Output voltage Output waveforms THREE-PHASE CONTROLLED HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER WITH RESISTIVE LOAD Three-phase Controlled Half wave rectifier with resistive load
Circuit connection Three-phase Controlled Half wave rectifier with resistive load
• At a given instant time, only one SCR will conduct
at a time which is having instantaneous phase voltage positive (and which is maximum with respect to the neutral). • The firing control at each gate of T1, T2 & T3 is always measured with respect to the phase cross- over points. • Phase cross over points are those where two phases intersects at a point. This point is generally taken as a reference point, and it is measured from ‘α’ = 0. • Average voltage can be control by controlling the phase firing angle, α. The V1, V2 and V3 is the phase voltage. • Each SCR will conduct for 120˚ and reversed biased for 240˚. • When SCR is conduct, it will connect input voltage terminal to output terminal. That is why the waveform of output voltage is same as ac phase voltage. Operation circuit :
• Mode 1 : At ωt = 30˚;
Phase ‘V1’ is more positive with respect to other
phases.
So, SCR T1 is in forward biased as it connected to
phase ‘V1’ and will start to conduct when gate T1 is fired at α = and would conduct up to 150°. 6
During the conduction period of SCR T1, the T2 and T3
are reversed biased by a load voltage polarity. The load current follows the path V1 – T1 – load R – N. Mode 2 : At ωt = 150˚;
Phase ‘V2’ is more positive with respect to other
phases.
So, thyristor T2 is in forward biased as it connected to
phase ‘V2’ and will start to conduct when gate T2 is fired at α = 5 and would conduct up to 270°. 6
During the conduction period of SCR T2, the T1 and T3
are reversed biased by a load voltage polarity. The load current follows the path V2 – T2 – load R – N. Mode 3 : At ωt = 270˚;
Phase ‘V3’ is more positive with respect to the other
phases.
So, thyristor T3 is in forward biased as it connected to
phase ‘V3’ and will start to conduct when gate T3 is fired at α = 3 and would conduct up to 390°. 2 During the conduction period of SCR T3, the T1 and T2 are reversed biased by a load voltage polarity. The load current follows the path V3 – T3 – load R – N. Output waveforms • With resistive load, there are two modes of operation :
1) Continuous conduction ( 30)
2) Discontinuous conduction 30
1) Continuous conduction ( 30) • Generally the firing angle is being measured from the cross over point. When the firing angle is varied between 1 to 30° , continuous conduction takes place.
• The reason is that when ‘α’ = 30°, then the SCR T1 have chance to conduct up to 180°. The total conduction period is 120°, (α = 30° means from the cross over point firing angle is 30°, T1 conducts at ωt = 60° and ends at 180°) 2) Discontinuous conduction 30 If the firing angle is kept more than 30° , the conduction angle will be less than 120°.
The output voltage current waveform will be discontinuous in
nature. Advantages and disadvantages of the Three-Phase over Single Phase AC to DC converter.
Advantage Disadvantage Higher average output PIV rating of diode is higher voltage Higher PIV diodes are larger in Filtering circuit to smooth size and costlier the output voltage is simple More power losses Produces higher ripple frequency Produces higher ripple frequency Higher overall efficiency Suitable for high-power variable speed drives Question 1
Sketch the circuit connection of Three-phase Uncontrolled Half-
wave Rectifier with Resistive load. Question 2
Sketch the waveform of input voltage (Vin) and output voltage (Vo) for Three-phase Controlled Half-wave Rectifier with Resistive load at the firing angle, α = 60° Question 3 Based on the waveform below, give the expression of the average output voltage. TOPIC 2 (C)
