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Detailed Lesson Plan

Mathematics in the Modern World (Rizal Technological University)

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DATE: February 14 – 18, 2021

At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:

 describe a mathematical system;
I. OBJECTIVES  define and illustrate a mathematical system;
 illustrates the need for an axiomatic structure of a mathematical system in general, and in
Geometry in particular: (a) defined terms; (b) undefined terms; and
 participate actively in class discussion
TOPIC: Mathematical System
II. SUBJECT SUB-TOPIC: Undefined and Defined Terms
MATTER REFERENCE: Mathematics Learning Module 8
MATERIALS: Laptop, WiFi, Cellphone, Earphone

III. PROCEDURE 1. Prayer and Greetings

A. DAILY 2. Classroom Management
ROUTINE 3. Checking of Attendance
WHAT IS GEOMETRY?

B. PREPARATORY
ACTIVITY Posing Questions:
1. What did the architect use in designing the buildings?
2. What did they consider in creating attractive patterns?
Geometry is the visual study of shapes, sizes, patterns, and positions. It occurred in all cultures,
through at least one of the five strands of human activities:
1. Building/structures
2. Machines/motion
3. Navigating/star-gazing
4. Art/patterns
5. Measurement
Mathematical System
 Mathematical system is divided into four parts namely undefined terms, defined, terms, axioms
or postulates and theorems.
 In geometry, we come across with terms which cannot be precisely defined and these are
undefined terms. The point, line, and plane are called undefined terms. We cannot define these
terms because they can only be described or illustrated.
 Unlike undefined terms (which do not have a formal definition), these terms have a formal
definition. They are used to define even more terms. Collinear points, coplanar points and
subsets of a line and more are called defined terms.
 A definition is an exact statement or description of the meaning of a term or word so that
anyone using it will understand it in the same way.
 Postulates on the other side is a statement which is accepted as true without proof. These
statements can be used as reasons in proving some mathematical statements.
C. ACTIVITY  A theorem is a statement that can be proven. Once a theorem is proven, it can also be used as
PROPER a reason in proving other statements.

Undefined Terms
POINT indicates a position in
space. It has only location but
no dimension, length, width,
thickness and does not occupy Point M
an area. It is named using a
CAPITAL LETTER and it can be
modeled by a dot.
LINE has infinite length, no POSSIBLE NAME OF THE
width, nor thickness. It LINE
extends infinitely in two ⃡
Line AB or 𝐴𝐵
opposite directions. It is ⃡
Line AC or 𝐴𝐶
represented by a straight line ⃡
Line BC or 𝐵𝐶

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with two arrowheads. A line is Line 𝑛 or Line 3

named by two of its points with
a symbol ↔ written on top of
two letters. A line may also be
named by one small letter or a
number. A line has its parts or
subsets.
PLANE is a flat surface
extending infinitely in all
directions. A plane has infinite
length, infinite width, but has
no thickness. It is usually
represented in drawings by a
Plane PST
four‐sided figure. To name a
Plane ℛ
plane you can use a capital
letter written at the corner or
using three non-collinear points
in it.

Classify the following examples as points, lines or planes.

a. The top of your desk
b. The light from a laser pointer
c. The crease in a folded sheet of paper
d. The chocolate chips on a cookie
e. Bedroom walls
f. Stars in the sky
Examples: Using the figures below, name the given line in different ways.

⃡ , 𝐹𝐸
𝐸𝐹 ⃡

⃡𝑅𝑆, ⃡𝑆𝑇, ⃡𝑇𝑆, ⃡𝑆𝑅, 𝑅𝑇

⃡ , 𝑇𝑅
⃡

Plane ABC, Plane 𝒫

Defined Terms
 In undefined terms, point, line and plane were established. Now, these terms will be used to
define all other terms and figures in the study of geometry.

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Figure 1
 Collinear points are points that lie on the same line while non-collinear points are points that do
not lie on the same line.
 Coplanar points are points that lie on the same plane while non-coplanar points are points that
do not lie on the same plane.

a. Points X, Y, Z are collinear points

b. Point A is non-collinear point
c. Point A, X, Y, and Z are coplanar points

Figure 2
 Ray is a part of a line that starts at one point and extends infinitely in a set direction. It is
named with its endpoint first, followed by another point on the ray.
Ray AB or 𝐴𝐵
Ray BC or 𝐵𝐶
Ray BA or 𝐵𝐴
Ray CA or 𝐶𝐴
 Opposite rays are rays with a common endpoint but extending in opposite directions
Common endpoint: B
⃡ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐶
Opposite rays: 𝐵𝐴
 Line Segment is a part of a line that made up of two endpoints.
Segment AB or 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
Segment BC or 𝐵𝐶̅̅̅̅
Segment AC or 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅

Example: Draw and label a figure for each condition.

A. Point N lies on ⃡𝑅𝑆
𝐑 𝐍 𝐒

B. line u contains M and N but does not contain O.

𝐎
𝐌 𝐍

C. Plane Y and Z intersect in k.

𝒌
𝓩

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 Parallel Lines are lines in a plane that do not intersect. The symbol for “parallel to” is ∥.

𝑚∥𝑛

 Perpendicular Lines are two lines that intersect and form right angles. The symbol for
“perpendicular to” is ⊥.

⃡ ⊥ ⃡𝑊𝑌
𝑋𝑍

Examples:

a. Name two lines on the figure

b. Name 3 coplanar points
c. Name 3 collinear points
d. Name the intersections of VU and Plane X
1. Mathematical System consists of what?
2. Define undefined terms and name the three undefined terms.
D. ANALYSIS
3. What is a (a) point, (b) line, and (c) plane?
4. Define defined terms.
5. Among all the defined terms discussed, name one and give its definition.
 The Mathematical System is consisting of undefined terms, defined terms, axioms/postulates, and
theorems.
 Undefined terms - are terms that cannot be defined because they can only be described or
illustrated. The three undefined terms are point, line, and plane.
 Defined terms – are terms with a precise and concise definition.
 A definition is a precise statement or description of the meaning of a term or word so that anyone
using it will understand it in the same way.
 Point has no length or width, but it indicates a position or location. It is represented by a dot and
named using a capital letter.
E. ABSTRACTION
 Line has infinite length, no width, nor thickness. A line is named by two of its points with a symbol
↔ written on top of two letters. A line may also be named by one small letter or a number.
 A plane has infinite length, infinite width, but has no thickness. To name a plane you can use a
capital letter written at the corner or using three non-collinear points in it.
 Collinear points are points that lie on the same line.
 Coplanar points are points that lie on the same plane.
 Two coplanar lines that do not intersect are called parallel. The symbol for “parallel to” is ∥.
 Two lines are said to be perpendicular if the two lines intersect to form right angles. The symbol
for “perpendicular to” is ⊥.
I’M AN ARTIST!
Draw and label a figure for each condition.
1. Plane 𝑭𝑮𝑯
F. APPLICATION 2. Line 𝑻 intersecting 𝑶𝑷⃡ at 𝑴.
3. Ray 𝑨𝑯 and Ray 𝑨𝑮 intersect at point 𝑨.
4. Plane 𝑱 contains line 3 but does not contain Point 𝑵.
⃡ .
5. Point 𝑩 lies on 𝑹𝑻

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Part 1 (1 point each)

1. Which of the following is not a part of the mathematical system?
a. Axioms
b. Undefined Terms
c. Defined Terms
d. Algebra
2. What best describes a line?
a. extends in both directions without an end
b. connects two end points
c. two rays joined together
d. with a start point but no end point
3. Which undefined term can contain parallel lines?
a. Line
b. Plane
c. Point
d. Circle
4. Choose the best answer being represented on the figure

a. Line
b. Ray
c. Line segment
d. Angle
5. What best describes a RAY?
a. Extends in both directions without an end
b. Connects two end points
c. With start points but no end point
d. Two rays joined together
IV.
Part 2 (1 point each)
ASSIGNMENT
Use the diagrams to answer what is being asked and choose the best answer.

A.

1. Which is not the name of the given plane?

a. Plane FED
b. Plane 𝒫
c. Plane ABC
d. Plane ABD
2. Are points A, B, and D collinear?
a. Yes, because all points are found in a line.
b. Yes, because all points are found in both lines ℓ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝓂
c. No, because point D does not lie on the same line as points A and B.
d. No, because point B is a midpoint and it is not considered a collinear point.
3. Are points G, E, D, C, and A coplanar?
a. No, because point G is found outside the plane where points A, E, D, and C lie.
b. Yes, because all points are found in the same plane
c. Yes, because all points are found outside the plane
d. No, because point G is in a dotted representation.
4. Are there parallel lines found in the given diagram?
a. Yes
b. No
5. ⃡
Ray found in 𝐹𝐺
a. 𝐴𝐵 & 𝐵𝐶
b. 𝑭𝑬& 𝑬𝑮
c. 𝐺𝐹 & ⃡𝐸𝐺
d. 𝐷𝐵 & 𝐵𝐴
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B. .

1. Another name for Plane P is _____

a. Plane 𝑃𝐸𝐺
b. Plane 𝑨𝑩𝑪
c. Plane 𝐹𝐸𝐺
d. Plane 𝐴𝐵𝐺
2. ⃡ is ______
Another name for line 𝐹𝐸
⃡
a. 𝑭𝑮
b. ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐺
c. 𝐹𝐺
d. 𝐹𝐺
3. Name the intersection of Plane P and 𝐸𝐺
a. ℯ
b. 𝒻
c. 𝓅
d. All of the above
4. Are points A, B, C and E coplanar?
a. No, because point E lies on a different line
b. No, because point E is a midpoint.
c. Yes, because all points are found in the same plane
d. Yes, because all points are found outside the plane
5. Are there perpendicular lines found in the diagram?
a. Yes
b. No

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