Pensionado Program – scholarship launched by the government that allowed

Filipino students to pursue university education in the United Estates

First Generation
Carlos Baretto Arcadio Arellano
Antonio Toledo Tomas Arguelles
Tomas Mapua Juan Arellano
Philippine General Hospital
• The Philippine General Hospital Administration Building is situated along Taft Avenue in Manila. It was
built by architect Tomas Mapua in neo-classic style that follows the Daniel Burnham plan for Manila.
This plan included Manila Hotel, Army and Navy Club and the Philippine General Hospital. These were
executed by his successor, Parsons included who was a city planner in the Philippines during the early
period American colonization in the country. His works were a clear translation of Neoclassicism into a
new hybrid of colonial tropical architecture.

• In 2014, the Pediatric Oncology Isolation Ward was constructed by Sta. Elena Construction and
Development through the generosity of its president and CEO, Alice Eduardo. The ward was dedicated
to children with cancer, particularly from poor households that could not afford the costs of an isolation
ward. A dormitory was also built to house the children's caregivers or relatives while they were
admitted to PGH.

• In 2020, Alice Eduardo contributed to the restoration and modernization of Bahay Silungan. This is a
heritage building that served as the Nurses' Home, which was first occupied in 1911. The home has 18
bedrooms, terraces, and verandas. The restoration was decided amid the COVID-19 pandemic so that
the doctors, nurses, and transient patients would have a temporary home. Today, Bahay Silungan
accommodates up to 66 nurses and 14 transient patients.
Manila Central Post Office
• The Manila Central Post Office, often called the Post Office Building, is the main postal office of Manila,
which also serves as the home of the Philippine Postal Corporation. It also houses the main mail sorting-
distribution operations of the Philippines.

• It is located along the riverbanks in Lawton, Ermita and lies at the northern end of Liwasang Bonifacio. Its
location along the frontage of the Pasig River was a part of the Burnham Plan of Manila for easy water
transportation of mails. Its central location with converging avenues made the building readily accessible
from all sides. The building's main entrance faces the Liwasang Bonifacio.

• The original building was designed by Juan M. Arellano and Tomás Mapúa in neoclassical style. The
construction of the building began on 1926 under the supervision of the architecture firm of Pedro Siochi
and Company. However, it was severely damaged in World War II during the Battle of Manila and was
subsequently rebuilt in 1946 while retaining most of its original design.

• Considered to be Juan Arellano's magnum opus, it was designed in the neoclassical style that expressed
order and balance. It was built in 1926 and was worth one million pesos. Fronting the huge, rectangular
volume are the 16 Ionic pillars lined that are lined up above the steps just before entering the lobby. The
main body of the building is capped by a recessed rectangular attic storey and flanked and buttressed by two
semi-circular wings. Inside, the main lobby has subsidiary halls at each end housed under the semi-circular
spaces roofed with domes.
St. La Salle Hall
• St. La Salle Hall is an H-shaped four-story structure built in neoclassical style in the Philippines. It was built
from 1920 to 1924 to serve as the new campus of De La Salle College (now De La Salle University) due to lack
of space of the previous campus in Paco, Manila, and to accommodate its increasing student population. It
served as the grade school and high school building back when the college was still offering those levels.

• Originally built as a three-story structure, a fourth level was added in the 1990s for the residence of the De
La Salle Brothers. The ground floor houses the College of Business. Meanwhile, the second floor of the St. La
Salle Hall houses the Chapel of the Most Blessed Sacrament.

• The structure was severely damaged during the liberation of Manila in World War II. Numerous civilians took
refuge in the building for protection. Restoration of the building after the war took two years and cost
₱246,883 (US$5,720). Retrofitting of the building started in January 2011, and was completed by 2012.

• In 1916, a competition was held to determine the design of the building. Cornell University alumnus Tomás
Mapúa, the first Filipino registered architect and subsequent founder of the Mapúa Institute of Technology,
won the competition against 9 other architects, and was awarded ₱5,000 (US$116).
 Librada Avelino Hall, Centro Escolar University
• Centro Escolar University (CEU) is a private university. As Centro Escolar de Señoritas, it was founded by two
women, Librada Avelino and Carmen de Luna in 1907. It became a university 32 years later.

• The original campus, accesible from Manila’s historic Mendiola Street, is composed of 14 academic buildings
that house the usual university facilies. The most recognizable off the pink cluster would be the iconic
Librada Avelino Hall. Its themes and color schemes have also been the basis for the architectural design of
the primary buildings of both its Makati and Malolos campuses.
 • Pier 7 was constructed in 1918 and was
designed by National Artist for
Architecture Tomas Bautista Mapua.
Located near Manila Hotel, it was
known as the Million Dollar Pier
because it is reputed to be the longest
passenger pier in the world back then.
The government spent 12 million pesos
for the construction of Pier 7. In World
War II, the pier suffered great damage
due to the air bombing raids of the
Japanese in 1941 and got totally
destroyed during the liberation of
Manila in 1945. It was rebuilt by the
Americans during the restoration period
and is now known as Pier 13
PIER 7, MANILA 1930s
 • Along with Carlos Baretto, Juan Arellano
and Tomas Mapua, he is one of the first
Pensionados for Architecture. Antonio
Toledo stands out as the youngest
pensionado when he was sent to the
United States to study at the age of
sixteen. He graduated with the Degree
of Architecture at Ohio State in 1911.
• He graduated with the Degree of
Architecture at Ohio estates in 1911.
• Being Educated in the US East Coast, He
was influenced in the Neoclassical and
Beaux Arts and Styles and his outputs
leaned towards these architectural
designs, which are evident in all of his
major works for the Bureau of Public
works
ANTONIO M. TOLEDO
• He started working for the Bureau of Public Works to work as a draftsman for William Parsons in 1911
• He was promoted to supervising Architect in 1915 and became the Consulting Architect in 1938 until
his retirement in 1954
• As the consulting Architect of the Bureau of Public Works that time, He was sent by the government
under President Roxas in a study mission to study the current trends in Architecture and Engineering
or the planning of the new capital city.
• He was one of the pioneer professors of Mapua Institute of Technology founded by his fellow
pensionado Tomas Mapua and taught there until 1967
• He made buildings for the Burnham Plan that evokes the Manifest Destiny maxim of America in its
colony in the Orient

Notable works
✓ UP Padre Faura campus
✓ College of Medicine Annex and UP Library, Manila
✓ Leyte Capitol
✓ Department of Agriculture and Commerce(Tourism)
✓ Manila City Hall
✓ Legislative Building / Philippine National Museum
 • The Manila City Hall during 1901 was made up of
Oregon-pine which covered one third of the area
used by the current building. Eventually the old
City Hall was then demolished
• In the 1930s, a new 8,422 square meter-City Hall
was constructed, which included around 200
rooms and uniform windows on all sides. Finished
in 1941 right before World War II, it was another
of the structural casualties of the War, heavily
damaged (but still intact) by bombardment
during the Battle and subsequent Liberation of
Manila in February 1945. With the aid of the
United States Army, Philippine Commonwealth
Army and the city government, City Hall was
reconstructed, though did not follow the original
plans. Among the deviations were an added fifth-
floor attic from the south entrance until the
location of the east-west side entrances to
accommodate additional offices, and additional
Manila City Hall windows in some areas which were formerly
shelling damages.
 • Started as a private initiative to promote the
Philippines as a major travel destination, the
Philippine Tourist & Travel Association was
organized in 1950. In 1956, the Board of Travel and
Tourist Industry was created by Congress As
stipulated in the Integrated Reorganization Plan in
1972 sanctioned as a law under Presidential Decree
No. 2, as amended, the Department of Trade and
Tourism was established, reorganizing the then
Department of Commerce and Industry
• In 1973, President Ferdinand Marcos created a new
cabinet-level Department of Tourism (DOT) by
splitting the Department of Trade and Tourism into
two separate departments. Included in the new
Department of Tourism, the agency Philippine
Tourism Authority (PTA) and the Philippine
Convention Bureau (PCB) were created. The
Department of Tourism was then renamed Ministry
of Tourism as a result of the shift in the form of
government pursuant to the enforcement of the
Department of tourism 1973 Constitution.
 • The Leyte Provincial Capitol in Tacloban dates back
to the American colonial administration. The
construction of the building began on 1917 during
the administration of then-Leyte Governor Salvador
Demeterio and was completed and inaugurated in
1924 during the tenure of Leyte Governor Honorio
López. The building exhibits a neoclassical
architectural design. The capitol complex hosts a
main structure with a legislative building behind it.
• During the World War II era, the building sustained
damage when the Imperial Japanese forces
occupied the Philippines in the 1940s. The building
also became the seat of the Philippine
Commonwealth government from October 23,
1944 to February 27, 1945 as the Allied forces
liberated the Philippine islands from Japanese
control. Sergio Osmeña was sworn in as President
by American general Douglas MacArthur inside the
building.
Leyte Provincial Capitol
Legislative Building/ National Museum Of the Philippines
 The old Legislative Building is, without a
doubt, the best example of neo-classical
architecture in the Philippines. It has been
the place for the country's statesmen for
decades, it has witnessed wars,
demonstrations and calamities.

The building today is the present National

Museum of the Philippines. Located on
Burgos Drive, this imposing edifice stands
across the old walled city of Manila
(Intramuros). Originally designed by the
American Ralph Harrington Doane and
Filipino Antonio Toledo in 1918 to be the
future National Library as intended for the
Burnham Plan of Manila.

The old Legislative Building during the pre-war years.

The construction of the building started in 1918,
but had delays because of funding. In 1926, the
Philippine Legislature decided to move into the
building and thus changing the layout of its
interiors. The interiors of the structure was
designed by the great Juan Arellano, who also
built several Manila edifices such as the Post
Office Building and the Manila Metropolitan
Theatre.
 • Ar. Tomas Arguelles, PAS (PIA)
• PRC # 00009
• Born on March 7, 1860
• Tomas Arguelles started his career in
Engineering during the last years of the
Spanish Period.
• he studied at the Ateneo Municipal de
Manila and later enrolled at the Colegio
de San Juan de Letran, where he
obtained the title of perito agrimensor.
• He pursued his studies at the Escuela de
Artes y Oficios and subsequently
became an architect.
• He was an inspector of roads for the
Street Car company from 1884 to 1892
and the Manila Railroad Company from
1892-1896.
TOMAS F. ARGUELLES
License no.: 00009
• During the Philippine Revolution, he became a commander of the main body of Filipino
Engineers in the Revolutionary Army.
• After the Revolution, he became a councilor of Manila, a position he held from 1902-1907
and reelected from 1917-1919.
• Due to the Engineers and Architects Law of 1921, he was allowed to practice as an Architect
because of his experience as a Maestro de Obras in the Spanish Period.
• He became a senior partner in the firm Arguelles and Magsaysay and later formed a
partnership with Fernando Ocampo.
• In 1950, he was elected fellow of the Philippine Institute of Architects.
• Likewise he is also a member of the Board of Directors of Arquitectura y Agrimensura de
Filipinas, the first professional organization of Architects and Engineers founded in 1902.
• He practiced at the time where Art Deco is also getting popular in Manila, popular enough to
challenge the dominance of the Neoclassic and Beaux Arts.
 • Photo shows the company building on Muelle de la
Industria, Manila. Elizalde and Co., Inc. is a
commercial house which resulted from the
partnership of Joaquin Elizalde and Joaquin
Ynchausti in 1854. It has pioneered in the promotion
of industries and commerce and its products were
consumed not only throughout the Philippines but
in many countries abroad. Its principal subsidiaries
include the Manila Steamship Co., Inc., Tanduay
Distillery, Elizalde Paint and Oil Factory, Inc. and
Elizalde Rope Factory, Inc. (Source: The Commercial and
Industrial Manual of the Philippines, Manila, 1937)

Elizalde Building on Muelle de la Industria, Manila

 Heacock's Department Store first became
a jewelry store operating under the
partnership name Heacock & Freer, two
American brothers-in-law from San
Francisco. H.E. Heacock, one of the
partners, was a travelling salesman
originally hailed from Salem, Ohio and
first came to the Philippines in 1901 to
open a branch of his jewelry store. After
arriving in Manila, Heacock & Co. set up
shop on the second floor of the
McCullough Building at the foot of the
Santa Cruz Bridge. Since then, Heacock &
Co. became the best known American
jewelry store in the city.

Heacock's Department Store

The pre-1918 Heacock’s The new million-peso, eight-
Construction of the new
Department Store along storey Heacock Building
Heacock Building in 1929
the Escolta
The new H.E. Heacock & Company The new H.E. Heacock Building The war-torn H.E. Heacock Building,
Building in 1940 (center) houses Heacock's Department 1945
Store and the ammunition storage of
the Philippine
 • The Calvo Building was a three-(now four) storey
building on the corner of Escolta and Calle Soda.
Built in 1938 in the beaux-arts style by Fernando
H. Ocampo, and his partner Tomás Argüelles, the
Calvo was owned by real estate businesswoman
Doña Emiliana Mortera vda. de Calvo.
• The Calvo also housed Luisa's, a pre-war soda
fountain house and a favorite among Manila's alta
sociedad.
• The post-war years saw the rebirth of a new and
modern Escolta. Calvo's neighbors such as the
Crystal Arcade, Brias Roxas, and Lyric are now
gone and replaced by modern structures such as
the Philippine National Bank Building. The Calvo
Building became the home of American journalist
Calvo Building during the pre-war years Robert 'Uncle Bob' Stewart's Republic
Broadcasting Service, forerunner to DZBB, where
Calvo Building it held its first broadcast.
Bulacan Provincial Capitol
 • The Bulacan Provincial Capitol was
built in 1930 during the
administration of Bulacan Governor
José Padilla Sr. on a parcel of land
donated by Spanish American Antonio
Bautista. The capitol was destroyed
during World War II but was rebuilt in
June 1950 under the tenure of
Governor Fortunato Halili.
• The Bulacan Provincial Capitol was
designed by Filipino architect Juan
Arellano and is an example of Art
deco architecture. The capitol's
compound is named as the Antonio S.
Bautista Provincial Capitol Compound.

Bulacan Provincial Capitol

 • The William A. Jones Memorial Bridge,
commonly known as the Jones Bridge, is an
arched girder bridge that spans the Pasig
River in the City of Manila, Philippines. It is
named after the United States legislator
William Atkinson Jones. Built to replace the
historic Puente de España (Bridge of Spain)
in the 1910s, the bridge connects Quintin
Paredes Road at the Binondo district to
Padre Burgos Avenue at the Ermita district.

• Originally designed by Filipino architect

Juan M. Arellano using French Neoclassical
architecture, the first incarnation of the
bridge features three arches resting on two
heavy piers, adorned by faux-stone and
concrete ornaments, as well as four
sculptures on concrete plinths allegorically
representing motherhood and nationhood.
Jones Bridge
The original design of Jones Bridge The Jones Bridge and its surrounding buildings
destroyed following the Liberation of Manila
Aerial view of the temporary Bailey bridge and Ermita 1947 reconstruction of Jones Bridge
 • Casino Español de Manila is a club established in
1893 by Spaniards living in the Philippines as
their exclusive venue for recreational and social
activities. It later opened its doors to Filipino
members to foster Spanish-Filipino ties in the
country.
• The first building of the Casino Español de
Manila was built in 1913 but formally opened in
1917. It was designed by Architect Juan
Arellano,[3] incorporating influences of neo-
renaissance style.
• As the official clubhouse and social venue of the
Spanish community, the building’s reception and
banquet halls hosted parties, celebrations and
balls. Among the noted events in this venue in
the 1930s was the extravagant party held to
celebrate the birthday of the King of Spain.
• In 1945, the structure was destroyed in World
War II during the Liberation of Manila. The club
was temporarily moved to a two-story house
Casino Español de Manila along Apacible Street (formerly Oregon) and
Perez Street in Paco, Manila.
 • The Metropolitan Theater (Filipino:
Tanghalang Metropolitan), abbreviated as
MET, is a Philippine Art Deco building found
near the Mehan Garden located on Padre
Burgos Avenue corner Arroceros Street, near
the Manila Central Post Office. It was
designed by architect Juan M. Arellano and
inaugurated on December 10, 1931
• The concept of the theater was explained by
Juan M. Arellano, the architect, during one
of his interviews in January 1930. “The
Philippines needed a modern cultural center
for operas, concerts, and plays, and he
planned to achieve a monumental one
through its dimensions, elevations, and
splendid decorations, and through its
harmonious liens it would symbolize an
organ or a cathedral.”

Manila Metropolitan Theater

Close up of the art deco ornaments of the Manila Metropolitan Theater The fly tower
Metropolitan Theater Entrance Facade

The main facade with the glass mural The Theater from the air
View from the foot of Quezon Bridge.
and other decorative elements
 • Arcadio Arellano (13 November 1872 – 20 April
1920) was a notable architect who was
considered a pioneer during his time. He built
famous edifices and the residential buildings of
the elite. In all his works, he departed from
American and European designs and instead
incorporated Filipino native plants and motifs.
• Served in the engineering corps and attained
the rank of captain during the second stage of
the Revolution. He was responsible for
supervising the repairs made to the Malolos
Convent in 1898. The Malolos Convent was
used by the Revolutionary government during
the Revolution.
• Supervised the assessments in Intramuros as
ordered by the Schurman Commission. By
1901, he became technical director of general
assessment for the whole city. He was also
able to work closely with Governor W. H. Taft
as his private consulting architect.
ARCADIO ARELLANO
Notable works
Residential Buildings:
✓ Gregorio Araneta's home on R. Hidalgo Street
✓ Ariston Bautista's residence on Barbosa Street
✓ Gonzalo Tuazon's home

Commercial and Industrial Buildings

✓ “El 82”
✓ The former Hotel de Francia
✓ Carmelo & Bauermann building
✓ Gota de Leche Building on Lepanto Street
✓ Casino Español de Manila on Taft Avenue

Others
✓ Mausoleum of the Veterans of the Revolution
✓ Legarda Crypt at the Manila North Cemetery
 Location: F.R. Hidalgo Street,
Quiapo, Manila
Category: Personage
Type: Biographical marker
Status: Level II - Historical marker
Gregorio Araneta's home Marker date: 1988
Installed by: National Historical
on R. Hidalgo Street Institute (NHI)
Ariston Bautista's residence on Barbosa Street
• a bahay na bato in Quiapo, Manila that
is still intact to this date, the Bahay
Nakpil-Bautista. It is situated at 432
Ariston Bautista Street (formerly Calle
Barbosa) and was built by Dr. Ariston
Bautista Lin and his wife, Petrona Nakpil
in 1914.
• Known as “Tahanan ng mga Katipunero”,
the Filipino Propagandistas and
Katipuneros who struggled to fight for
freedom resided in this house. Bahay
Nakpil-Bautista was built by Ariston
Limpingco Bautista, a doctor, a
philanthropist, an active member of the
Propaganda movement, and a member
of the Malolos Congress in 1898. The
house was also the family life of the
Lakambini ng Katipunan and widow of
Andres Bonifacio, Gregoria de Jesus also
known by the name, “Oryang”.
• Designed by a notable architect, Arcadio
Arellano, the Bahay Nakpil-Bautista is a bahay na
bato in floral style. According to Zialcita, Tinio &
Oshima, a Floral style is a type of bahay na bato
wherein the volada or the upper floor projection
is turned into an open gallery and serves as an
extension of a room thus making it more
spacious. Its volada is located at the north side
and serves as an extension of the cuarto. The
ground level is made of masonry walls and the
upper level is of wood. The plan is a
quadrilateral with one oblique side facing
southward. The building footprint is about
396.70 square meters.
• Bahay Nakpil-Bautista is decorated in the
Viennese Secession style, whose establishment
was influenced by Art Noveau popularized in the
1900-1920. Arellano took inspiration from the
German Art Noveau style of Dr. Bautista’s
furniture such as chairs, living room tables,
mirrors, and vitrines in designing the articulation
for the house.
 • Arellano would work as Governor W.
H. Taft’s private consulting architect.
Three key groups of projects emerge
from the wealth of Arellano projects
revealed in the book. One, Arellano
seemed to have inherited the “post”
of the Manila elite’s architect of
choice after the death of Felix Rojas.
Arellano built the palatial homes in
Quiapo of the Hidalgos, the Paternos,
the Aranetas and the Tuasons, as well
as the Ongpins of Binondo. The
latter’s legendary El 82 Bazaar was
also a design of Arellano.

Victoria Cafe, Calle Escolta

 • A true nationalist, Arellano also had
numerous projects related to the
revolutionary movement. He particularly
took pride in the Mausoleum of the Veterans
of the Revolution that can still be found at
the Manila North Cemetery. A third group of
works, the later works, were decidedly more
modern in aesthetic, reflecting the
collaborative partnership of Arellano with his
younger and US-schooled brother, Juan.
Their joint projects, such as the Casino
Español and Gota de Leche, defined the
character of the city of Manila.

Mausoleo de los Veteranos de la Revolucion

inside Manila North Cemetary
 • The Gota de Leche Building is a heritage site
located in Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines. It
was designated as an Important Cultural
Property by the National Museum of the
Philippines in August 2014.
• Architect Arcadio Arellano, with help from
his brother Juan Arellano, was responsible
for the design of the two-storey Gota de
Leche Building located in S. Loyola Street.
The building's construction started in 1914,
and was opened in 1915. It and was
constructed out of brick masonry. The
structure features a series of adjoining
arches with glazed terracotta spandrels that
acts as a corridor or a veranda that
effectively provides shades to the large
windows. In addition, a tall arched doorway
serves as the main entrance with images of
infants as adornments. A simple fountain
with a statue can be found on the front yard.
Gota de Leche Building