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Home Work / Class 12 Engineering Maths / Relations And Functions

Relations And Functions - Class 12 Engineering Maths - Extra

Questions

Show that if f : A → B and g : B → C are one-one, then g ∘ f : A → C is

also one-one.

Given f : A → B is one one 

ai ∈ A, bi ∈ B
f(ai ) = bi
g : A → B is one one 
bi ∈ B, ci ∈ C
g(bi ) = ci for all bi
g(f(ai )) = ci for all ai only one ci
g(f(x)) is one one.

Let f : R → R be defined by f(x) = x3 + 5 then find f −1 (x)

= x3 + 5 = y
let f(x)
y − 5 = x3
1
x = (y − 5) 3
1
−1
so therefore f (x) = (x − 5) 3

If the function f : [1, ∞) → [1, ∞) is defined by f(x) = 2x(x−1) ,then find

f −1 (4)

y = 2x(x−1)

log2 (y) = x2 − x

1 2 1
log2 (y) = (x − ) −
2 4

×4log2 (y) + 1 1 2
 = (x − )
4 2

1 ±√4log2 (y) + 1
x− =
2 2
+
Since the range of f(x) is R
hence
1 √4log2 (y) + 1
x− =
2 2

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1 + √4log2 (y) + 1
x=
2
Replacing x and y

1 + √4log2 (x) + 1
f −1 (x) =
2
Therefore
1 + √8 + 1
f −1 (4) =
2

4
=
2

=2

Let f : R → R be defined as f(s) = 10x + 7. Find the function g : R → R

such that gof = fog = 1R

Step:1
f (x) = 10x + 7
Let f (x) = y
y = 10x + 7
y − 7 = 10x
∴ 10x = y − 7 where g : Y → N
y−7
x=
10
y−7
Let g (y) =
10

Step:2
gof = g (f (x)) = g (10x + 7)
(10x + 7) − 7 10x
= = = x = IR
10 10
Step:3
y−7 y−7
fog = f (g (y)) = f[ ] = 10( )+y
10 10
= y + 0 = y = IR

Since,gof = fog = IR
f is invertible.
y−3
and inverse of f = g (y) =
4

×


 Let f : R → R be defined by f(x) = 2x + 3, find f −1 (4).

Given that:
f(x) = 2x + 3
To find:
f −1 (4) =?

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Solution:
A function is one-to=one for which every element of the range of the function corresponds to exactly one element
of the domain.
−1
Since, f is a linear function, we can say f is one-to-one and hence f exits.
Let y = f(x) = 2x + 3
or, y − 3 = 2x
y−3
or, =x
2
x−3
or, y =  (Interchange x and y)
2
−1 x−3
or, ∴ f (x) = y =
2
−1 4−3
or, f (4) =
2
−1 1
or, f (4) =
2

4 4 4x + 3
Consider f : R − {− } → R − { } given by f(x) = . Show
3 3 3x + 4
−1
that f is bijective. Find the inverse of f and hence if the value of f (0) is A
−1
and x is B such that f (x) = 2, then find (A + B) × 100.

4x + 3
Given f(x) =
3x + 4
For one-one function, we have
 f(x1 )
= f(x2 ) ⟹ x1 = x2  
Thus, consider f(x1 )= f(x2 )
4x1 + 3 4x2 + 3
⟹ = 
3x1 + 4 3x2 + 4
⟹ 12x1 x2 + 16x1 + 9x2 + 12 = 12x1 x2 + 9x1 + 16x2 + 12
⟹ 7x1 = 7x2
⟹ x 1 = x2
∴  f(x) is one-one function.

For onto function:

Let f(x) = y
4x + 3
⟹ = y 
3x + 4
3 − 4y
⟹ x = 
3y − 4
4
Domain of the above function is R − { }, which is range of function f(x). 
3
So, given function f(x) is onto.
Hence, given function f(x) is bijective.

Now, let us find the inverse of f(x)

×
Let the given function f(x) be y

4x + 3
⇒ f(x) = =y
 3x + 4
−1
3 − 4y
So we get f (y) = x =
3y − 4
−1
3 − 4x
So the inverse of function f is f (x) =
3x − 4

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Also, A = f −1 (0)
3
⇒ A = f −1 (0) = −
4
−1
3 − 4x
Given that f (x) = =2
3x − 4
⇒ 3 − 4x = 6x − 8
11
⇒B=x=
10

∴ 100 × (A + B) = 35

(4x + 3) 2 2
If f(x) = , x ≠ , show that fof(x) = x, for all x ≠ . What is
(6x − 4) 3 3
the inverse of f?

4x + 3
f(x) =
6x − 4
4x + 3
4( )+3
6x − 4
fof(x) =
4x + 3
6( )−4
6x − 4
16x + 12 + 18x − 12
=
24x + 18 − 24 + 16
34x
= = x.
34
4x + 3
y=
6x − 4
6xy − 4y = 4x + 3
6xy − 4x = 4y + 3
4y + 3
x=
6y − 4
4x + 3
∴ f(x) =
6x − 4

: N → Y be a function defined as f(x) = 4x + 3, where,

Let f
Y = {y ∈ N : y = 4x + 3 for some x ∈ N}, Show that f is invertible. Find
the inverse.

f(x) = 4x + 3
→ let f(x1 )
× = f(x2 ), x1 x2 ∈ N
 4x1 + 3 = 4x2 + 3
∴ 4x1 = 4x2
 ∴x =x
1 2
Thus f(x1 ) = f(x2 ) ⇒ x1 = x2 Hence the fx is one-one.
Let y ∈ y be a number of the form y = 4k + 3
y = f(x)
∴ 4k + 3 = 4x + 3
∴k=x
→ This corresponding to any y ∈ y we have x ∈ N

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The function is onto

the function being both one one and onto is invertible 
y = 4x + 3
∴ y − 3 = 4x
y−3
∴x=
4
x−3 4−3
∴ f(x) = or g(y) = is inverse function.
4 4

Let f : N → N be a function defined as f(x) = 4x2 + 12x + 15. Show that

f : N → S is invertible. Find the inverse of f and hence find f −1 (31) and
f −1 (87) .  

y = 4x2 + 12x + 15
y − 15 = 4x2 + 12x
4x2 + 12x + 15 − y = 0
−12 ± √144 − 4(15 − y) × 4
x=
8
−12 ± √144 − (60 − 4y) × 4
=
8
−12 ± √144 − 240 − 16y2
=
8
−12 ± √16y2 − 6
=
8
−3 ± √y 2 − 6
=
2
−1
f (31)
−3 ± √312 − 6
=
2
−3 ± 30.90
=
2
27.9 −33.90
=  or 
2 2
= 13.95 or  − 16.95

f −1 (87)
−3 ± √872 − 6
=
2
−3 ± 86.96
=
2
×
= 41.98 or  − 44.98



∴ f −1 (31) = 13.95 or −16.95, f −1 (87) = 41.98 or −44.98. 

x
Show that f : [−1, 1] → R, given by f (x) = is one-one. Find the
(x + 2)

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inverse of the function f : [−1, 1] → Range f.

Given f: [−1, 1] → R
x
f(x) =
x+2
To show, one-one we have to show , if two different element of Domain gives same, then they are equal 
Let x, y ∈ [−1, 1]
= f(y)
Let f(x)
x y
⇒  =
x+2 y+2
⇒  xy + 2x = xy + 2y
⇒  2x = 2y
⇒  x = y
Hence they function is one-one
x
Now let y =   ⇒  yx + 2y = x
x+2
⇒  x(y − 1) = −2y
2y
⇒  x =
1−y
2y
x = f −1 ( )=
x
x+2 1−y

Work out the inverse function for each mapping.

x → 5x + 1
x → 3x − 7
x
x→
5
x+9
x→
4

×


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Let f be any real function and let g be a function given by g(x) = 2x. Prove
that g ∘ f = f + f .

f : R → R......... [ Given ]
Since, g(x) = 2x is a polynomial, g : R → R
Clearly, g ∘ f : R → R and f + f : R → R
So, domains of g ∘ f and f + f are the same.

⇒  (g ∘ f)(x) = g[f(x)]
                         =
2f(x)......... [ Since, g(x) = 2x ]

⇒  f + f)(x) = f(x) + f(x)

                         =
2f(x)

We can see that,

⇒  (g ∘ f)(x) = (f + f)(x),  ∀ x ∈ R
∴  g ∘ f = f + f

π π
If f : (−
, ) → R and g : [−1, 1] → R be defined as f(x) = tan x and
2 2
g(x) = √1 − x2 respectively. Describe f ∘ g and g ∘ f .

π π
f : (− , ) → R and g : [−1, 1] → R defined as f(x) = tan x and g(x) = √1 − x2
2 2

Range of f : 
Let y = f(x)
⇒  y = tan x
⇒  x = tan−1 y

π π
Since, x ∈ (−, ) , y ∈ (−∞, ∞)
2 2
∴  Range of f is subset of domain g = [−1, 1]
∴  g ∘ f exists.

By similar argument f ∘ g exists.

⇒  f ∘ g(x) = f[g(x)]
×

           = f(√1 − x2 )......... [ Since, g(x) = √1 − x2 ]


           = tan √1 − x2 ......... [ Since, f(x) = tan x ]

⇒  g ∘ f(x) = g[f(x)]

                     = g(tan x) ......... [ Since, f(x) = tan x ]

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                     = √1 − tan2 x.........  [ Since, g(x) = √1 − x2 ]

If f(x) = 2x + 5 and g(x) = x2 + 1 be two real functions, then describe

given functions:
(i) f ∘ g
(ii) g ∘ f
(iii) f ∘ f
2
(iv) f
Also, show that f ∘ f ≠ f 2.

f ∘ g means g(x) function is in f(x) function. 

 g ∘ f means f(x) function is in g(x) function.

f(x) and g(x) are polynomials.

⇒ f : R → R and g : R → R.
So, f ∘ g : R → R, and g ∘ f : R → R

(i)  (f ∘ g)(x) = f[g(x)]

                         = f(x2 + 1).........  [ Since, g(x) = x2 + 1 ]
2
                         = 2(x + 1) + 5.........  [ Since, f(x) = 2x + 5 ]
2
                         = 2x + 2 + 5
2
                         = 2x + 7

(ii)  (g ∘ f)(x) = g[f(x)]

              = g(2x + 5) .........  [ Since, f(x) = 2x + 5 ]
2 2
                            = g(2x + 5) + 1 .........  [ Since, g(x) = x + 1 ]
2
                            = 4x + 20x + 26

(iii)  (f ∘ f)(x) = f[f(x)]

                             = f(2x + 5) ......... [ Since, f(x) = 2x + 5 ]
                             = 2(2x + 5) + 5
                             = 4x + 10 + 5
                             = 4x + 15              ---- ( 1 )

(iv)  f 2 (x) = f(x) × f(x)

                    = (2x + 5)(2x + 5)
2
                    = (2x + 5)
2
                    = 4x + 20x + 25              ----- ( 2 )

From ( 1 ) and ( 2 ),
⇒  (f ∘ f)(x) ≠ f 2 (x)
∴  f ∘ f ≠ f 2

×

If f(x) = √1 − x and g(x) = loge x are two real functions, then describe

functions f ∘ g and g ∘ f .

f(x) = √1 − x
For domain, 1 − x ≥ 0
⇒  x ≤ 1
⇒  Domain of f = (−∞, 1]

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⇒  f : (∞, 1] → (0, ∞)
g(x) = loge x

Clearly, the range of g is not a subset of the domain of f .

So, we need to compute the domain of f ∘ g.

⇒ Domain (f ∘ g) = (0, e) → R
⇒  (f ∘ g)(x) = f[g(x)]
                         = f(loge x)
                         = √1 − loge x

The range of f is a subset of the domain of g.

⇒  g ∘ f : (−∞, 1] → R
⇒  (g ∘ f)(x) = g[f(x)]
                         = g(√1 − x)
1
                         = loge (1 − x) 2
1
                         = loge (1 − x)
2

: R → R be two functions defined as f(x) = |x| + x and

If f, g
g(x) = |x| − x for all x ∈ R. Then, find f ∘ g and g ∘ f . Hence, find
f ∘ g(−3), f ∘ g(5) and g ∘ f(−2).

f(x) = |x| + x......... [ Given ]

g(x) = |x| − x,  ∀x ∈ R
⇒  f ∘ g = f[g(x)]
               = f(|x| − x)  .........  [ Since, g(x) = |x| − x  ]
               = ||x| − x|| + (|x| − x).........  [ Since, f(x) = |x| + x ]

⇒  f(g(x)) = {
0 x≥0
4x x<0
⇒  f(g(x)) = {
4x x>0
0 x≥0

⇒  g ∘ f = g(f(x))
        = g(|x| + x).........  [ Since, f(x) = |x| + x ]
                = ||x| + x| − (|x| + x).........  [ Since, g(x) = |x| − x  ]

⇒  g(f(x)) = {
0 x≥0
0 x<0
∴  g(f(x)) = g ∘ f = 0

⇒  f ∘ g(−3) = 4(−3) = −12.........  [ Since, f ∘ g = 4 for x < 0 ]

⇒  f ∘ g(5) = 0  .........  [ Since, f ∘ g = 0 for x ≥ 0 ]

×
 ⇒  g ∘ f(−2) = 0.........  [ Since, g ∘ f = 0 for x < 0 ]

If f(x) = √x + 3 and g(x) = x2 + 1 be two real functions, then find f ∘ g

and g ∘ f .

f(x) = √x + 3

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f(x) = √x + 3
For domain, x + 3 ≥ 0
⇒  x ≥ −3
Domain of f = [−3, ∞)
Range of f = (−3, ∞)
Similarly, range of g = (1, ∞)

Then, rangle of f is subset of domain g and range of g is subset of f .

∴  f ∘ g and g ∘ f exist.

⇒  f ∘ g(x) = f[g(x)]
                     = f(x2 + 1)  ......... [ Since, g(x)2 + 1 ]
2
                     = √x + 1 + 3 ......... [ Since, f(x) = √x + 3 ]
2
                     = √x + 4

⇒  g ∘ f(x) = g[f(x)]
           = g(√x + 3).........  [ Since, f(x) = √x + 3 ]
2 2
                      = (√x + 3) + 1......... [ Since, g(x) + 1 ]
           =x+3+1
           =x+4

Let A = {x ∈ R| − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1} and let f : A → A, g : A → A be two

2 πx −1
functions defined by f(x) = x and g(x) = sin .Show that g exists
2
−1 −1
but f does not exist. Also find g .

2
f is not one-one because f (−1) = (−1) = 1
2
and f (1) = (1) = 1
⇒ −1 and 1 have the same image under f
⇒ f is not a bijection.
−1
So,f does not exist.
Injectivity of g
Let x and y be any two elements in the domain of A such that
g (x) = g (y)
πx πy
⇒ sin = sin
2 2
πx πy
⇒ =
2 2
⇒ x=y
So,g is one-one.
Surjectivity of g :
π π
Range of g = [sin (− ) , sin ] = [−1, 1] = A(co-domain of g)
2 2
⇒ g is onto
⇒ g is a bijection.
−1
So,g exists.
×
Also,
 −1
(x) = y        .......(1)
Let g
 ⇒ g (y) =x
πy
⇒ sin =x
2
2
⇒ y = sin−1 x
π
2
⇒ g −1 (x) = sin−1 x from (1)
π

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Let f:→ R, g : R → R be two functions defined by f(x) = x2 + x + 1 and

g(x) = 1 − x2 . Write f ∘ g(−2).

f ∘ g means g(x) function is in f(x) function. 

⇒  (f ∘ g)(x) = f[g(x)]
                         = f(1 − x2 )
2 2 2
                         = (1 − x ) + (1 − x ) + 1

⇒  (f ∘ g)(x) = (1 − x2 )2 + (1 − x2 ) + 1

⇒  (f ∘ g)(−2) = [1 − (−2)2 ]2 + [1 − (−2)2 ] + 1

2
                            = [1 − 4] + [1 − 4] + 1
2
                            = [−3] − 3 + 1
              =9−3+1
              =7

: {5, 6} → {2, 3} and g : {2, 3} → {5, 6} are given by

If f
f = {(5, 2) , (6, 3)} and g = {(2, 5) , (3, 6)}, find f ∘ g.

f ∘ g means g(x) function is in f(x) function.

 
f : {5, 6} → {2, 3} and g : {2, 3} → {5, 6} given by 
f = {(5, 2), (6, 3)} and g = {(2, 5), (3, 6)}

⇒  f ∘ g(2) = f[g(2)]
                     = f(5)
                     = 2

⇒  f ∘ g(3) = f[g(3)]
                     = f(6)
                     = 3

So, f∘ g : {2, 3} → {2, 3} is defined as

⇒  f ∘ g = {(2, 2), (3, 3)}

Let f(x) be a continuous and g(x) is a discontinuous function then prove

that f(x)+g(x) is discontinuous at x=a 
×

Given that f(x) is a continuous function and g(x) is a discontinuous function then for some arbitrary real number a
 we must have 
lim f(x) = f(a)
x→a

and lim g(x) ≠ g(a)

x→a

Now,

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lim[f(x) + g(x)] = limf(x) + limg(x) ≠ f(a) + g(a) [Using equations (1) and(2)] 
x→a x→a x→a
⇒ f(x) + g(x) is discontinuous

3x − 4 −1
If  f   is an invertible function, define as  f (x) = , write  f (x).
5

3x − 4
let,f(x) =y=
5
−1
So, to find inverse of f(x) we need x in terms of y which is f (x)
3x − 4
∴y=
5
⇒ 5y = 3x − 4
⇒ 5y + 4 = 3x
5y + 4
⇒x=
3
5y + 4
∴ f −1 (y) =
3
5x +4
∴ f −1 (x) =          ......{ replacing y with x}
3

If A= {a, b, c, d} and f = {(a, b), (b, d), (c, a), (d, c)}, show that f is one-
−1
one from A onto A. Find f

−1
For f to exist the function should be one-one and onto.
Here, f is one=one since each element of A is assigned to distinct element of the set A. Also, f is onto since
f(A) = A.
−1
Moreover, f = {(b, a), (d, b), (a, c), (c, d)}

Let f : R → R be the function defined by f(x) = 4x − 3∀x ∈ R. Then write

−1
f .

Given that f(x) = 4x − 3 = y(say), then

−1
To find the f we must represent x in terms of the variable y.
So,
4x
× =y+3
 y+3
⇒  x =
4
 −1 y+3 x+3
Hence f (y) = ⇒ f −1 (x) =
4 4

x
Show that f; [−1, 1] → R, given by f(x) = is one-one. Find the
(x + 2)

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(x + 2)
inverse of the function f; [−1, 1]
→ Range f .
x
(Hint: For y ∈ Range, f, y = f(x) = for some x in [−1, 1]
x+2
2y
x=
(1 − y)

Let x1 , x2 ∈ Df
x1 x2
f(x1 ) = f(x2 ) → =
x1 + 2 x2 + 2
⇒ x1 (x2 + 2) = x2 (x1 + 2)
⇒ x1 x2 + 2x1 = x1 x2 + 2x2
⇒ x1 = x 2
hence f is one-one
x
let y = ⇒ xy + 2y = x
x+2
⇒ xy − x = −2y
⇒ x(1 − y(|) = 2y
2y
⇒x=
1−y
∀ y  ∈  R, ∃ x  ∈  Df such that
2y
f( ) = y, hence f is onto
1−y
∴ Inverse exist
2x
∴ f −1 (x) = ∀ x  ∈  Df−1 = Rf = R − {1}
1−x

Consider f : R → R given by f(x) = 4x + 3. Show that f is invertible. Find

the inverse of f .

Let x1 , x2
∈R
f(x1 ) = f(x2 ) ⇒ 4x1 + 3 = 4x2 + 3
⇒ x1 = x 2
hence f is one-one
let y = 4x + 3 ⇒ y − 3 = 4x
y−3
⇒x=
4
∀ y  ∈  R ∃ x  ∈  R such that
y−3 4(y − 3)
f( )= +3=y
4 4
hence inverse exist. And
y−3
f −1 : R → R such that f −1 (y) = .
4

×

4 4 4x + 3
 Consider f : R − {− } → R − { } given by f(x) = . Show
3 3 3x + 4
that f is
−1
bijective. Find the inverse of f and hence find f (0) and x such that
f −1 (x) = 2.

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−4
Let x1 , x2 ∈R−{ } and f(x1 ) = f(x2 )
3
4x1 + 3 4x2 + 3
∴ = ⇒ (4x1 + 3)(3x1 + 4) = (4x2 + 3)(3x1 + 4)
3x1 + 4 3x2 + 4

⇒ 12x1 x2 + 16x1 + 9x2 + 12 = 12x1 x2 + 16x2 + 9x2 + 12

⇒ 16(x1 − x2 ) − 9(x1 − x2 ) = 0 = 7(x1 − x2 ) = 0

⇒ x1 − x 2 = 0 ⇒ x 1 = x 2

⇒ f is a one one function.

4x + 3 4
Let y = for y ∈ R − { }
3x + 4 3

⇒ 3xy + 4y = 4x + 3 ⇒ 4x − 3xy = 4y − 3 ⇒ x(4 − 3y) = 4y − 3

4y − 3 4 4
⇒x= ⇒ ∀y ∈ R − { } , x  ∈  R − {− }
4 − 3y 3 3

⇒ f is onto function and hence it is bijective.

Now,

4y − 3 4x − 3
∵x= ⇒ f −1 (x) =
4 − 3y 4 − 3x

−1 4x − 3
for f (x) = 2, = 2 ⇒ 4x − 3 = 8 − 6x
4 − 3x

11
⇒ 10x = 11 ⇒ x =
10

2
Prove that the function f : N → N, defined by f(x) = x + x + 1 is one-
one but not onto. Find inverse of f : N → S , where S is range of f . 

f(x) = x2 + x + 1; f : N → N (Given)

Let x1 , x2 ϵ Df and f(x1 ) = f(x2 )

⇒ x21 + x1 + 1 = x22 + x2 + 1 ⇒ x21 − x22 + x1 − x2 = 0

⇒ (x1 − x2 )(x1 + x2 ) + (x1 − x2 ) = 0 ⇒ (x1 + x2 + 1)(x1 − x2 ) = 0

⇒ x1 − x2 = 0 [∵ x1 + x2 + 1 ≠ 0 for any xϵN]

×

⇒ x1 = x2 ⇒ f is one-one function.

Now,
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
f(x) = x2 + x + 1 = x2 + x + ( ) + 1 − ( ) = (x + ) + 1 −
2 2 2 4

2
1 3
⇒ f(x) = (x + ) + ........increasing function.
2 4

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∵ f(1) = 3 ⇒ f(x) ≥ 3 for energy xϵN

⇒ f(x) will not assume the values 1 and 2 

⇒ f is not onto function.

Now, let y = x2 + x + 1 ⇒ x 2 + x + 1 − y = 0

−1 ± √1 − 4(1 − y)
⇒x= [Using Discriminant rule]
2

−1 ± √4y − 3 −1 ± √4x − 3
x= ⇒ f −1 (x) =
2 2

−1 + √4x − 3
⇒ f −1 (x) = [∵ f(1) = 3 ⇒ f −1 (3) = 1]
2

Let g be a real valued differentiable function on R such that

x
g(x) = 3e x−2
+ 4∫
√2t2 + 6t + 5dt ∀x ∈ R and let g −1 be the inverse
2
−1 ′ p
function of g. If (g ) (3) is equal to where p and q are relatively prime,
q
p+q
then find
6

x
g (x) = 3ex−2 + 4 ∫ √2t2 + 6t + 5dt
2
g (x) = y
⇒ g −1 (y) = x
 

Differentiating the above equation w.r.t x gives

′ ′
g −1 (g (x)) g (x) = 1

′ 1
⇒ g −1 (g (x)) =
g ′ (x)
2
When x = 2, g (x) = 3e2−2 + 4 ∫ √2t2 + 6t + 5dt = 3 + 0 = 3
2

g ′ (x) = 3ex−2 + 4√2x2 + 6x + 5

g ′ (2) = 23
x = 2g(x) = 3    implies  (g)−1 (3) = 2
Now, 
×
′ ′ 1
 g −1 (g(x)) = g −1 (3) =
g ′ (2)

′ 1 1 p
g −1 (3) = ′ = =
g (2) 23 q

p+q
∴ p + q = 24 (componendo) ∴ =4
6

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Let A = R − {3} and B = R − {1}. Consider the function f : A → B

x−2
defined by f(x) = ( ) Show that f is one-one and onto and hence
x−3
−1
find f

Let x1 , x2 ϵA.
x1 − 2 x2 − 2
Now, f(x1 ) = f(x2 ) ⇒ =
x1 − 3 x2 − 3
(x1 − 2)(x2 − 3) = (x1 − 3)(x2 − 2)
x1 x2 − 3x1 − 2x2 + 6 = x1 x2 − 2x1 − 3x2 + 6
−3x1 − 2x2 = −2x1 − 3x2
−x1 = −x2 ⇒ x1 = x2
Hence f is one-one function.
For Onto:
x−2
Let y =
x−3
xy − 3y = x − 2 ⇒ xy − x = 3y − 2
x(y − 1) = 3y − 2
3y − 2
x= --- (1)
y−1
From above it is obviously that ∀ y except 1, i.e.,∀yϵB = R − [1]∃xϵA.
Hence f is onto function.
Thus f is one-one function.
3y − 2
It f −1 is inverse of f then f −1 (y) = [from (1)].
y−1

Let f be a real function given by f(x) = √x − 2. Find the following.

2
(i) f ∘ f   (ii) f ∘ f ∘ f   (iii) (f ∘ f ∘ f)(38)   (iv) f
2
Also, show that f ∘ f ≠ f .

f(x) = √x − 2
For domain,
⇒  x − 2 ≥ 0
⇒  x ≥ 2
Domain of f = [2, ∞)
Since, f is a square root function, range of f = (0, ∞)
So, f : [2, ∞) → (0, ∞)

(i)  f ∘ f
×
 Range of f is not a subset of the domain of f .
⇒  Domain (f ∘ f) = {x : x :∈ [2, ∞) and √x − 2 ∈ [2, ∞)}
                                  = {x : x ∈ [2, ∞) and √x − 2 ≥ 2}
                                 = {x : x :∈ [2∞) and x − 2 ≥ 4}
                                 = {x : x ∈ [2, ∞) and x ≥ 6}
                                 = [6, ∞)
⇒  (f ∘ f)(x) = f(f(x))
                        = f(√x − 2)

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            = √√x − 2 − 2

(ii)  f ∘ f ∘ f = (f ∘ f) ∘ f
f(x) = √x − 2
We have f : [2, ∞) → (0, ∞) and f ∘ f : [6, ∞) → R
⇒  Range of f is not a subset of the domain of f ∘ f.
⇒  Domain ((f ∘ f) ∘ f) = {x : x ∈ Domain of f and f(x) ∈ Domain of f ∘ f}
                                           = {x : x ∈ [2, ∞) and √x − 2 ∈ [6, ∞)}
                                           = {x : x ∈ [2, ∞) and √x − 2 ≥ 6}
                                           = {x : x ∈ [2, ∞) and x − 2 ≥ 36}
                                           = {x : x ∈ [2, ∞) and x ≥ 38}
                                           = {x : x ≥ 38}
                                           = [38, ∞) 
 
⇒  f ∘ f : [38, ∞) → R
⇒  f ∘ f ∘ f(x) = (f ∘ f) ∘ f(x)
                      = (f ∘ f)(√x − 2)
           = f(√√x − 2 − 2)

           = √√√x − 2 − 2 − 2

(iii) (f ∘ f ∘ f)(x) = √√√x − 2 − 2 − 2

So, (f ∘ f ∘ f)(38) = √√√38 − 2 − 2 − 2

                                 = √√√36 − 2 − 2

                                 = √√6 − 2 − 2
                                 = √2 − 2
                                 = 0

(iv)  We hae, f ∘ f = √√x − 2 − 2

f 2 (x) = f(x) × f(x) = √x − 2 × √x − 2 = x − 2

∴ from (i) and (iv) we can say that,

∴  f ∘ f ≠ f 2

If f: R → R be defined by f(x) = x3 − 3, then prove that f −1 exists and

−1 −1 −1
find a formula for f . Hence, find f (24) and f (5).

one − one test of f :

Let x and y be two elements in domain (R),
Such that, f(x) = f(y)
⇒  x3 − 3 = y 3 − 3
⇒  x3 = y 3
×
 ⇒  x=y
∴  f is one-one.

onto test for f :
Let y be in the co-domain (R), such that f(x) =y
⇒  x3 − 3 = y
⇒  x3 = y + 3
⇒  x = √y 3
+3∈R
Since, f is one-one and onto, then it is bijective.

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∴  f is invertible.

−1
Find f :
−1
Let f (x) = y            ---- ( 1 )
⇒  x = f(y)
⇒  x = y 3 − 3
⇒  x + 3 = y 3

y = √x
3
+3

From ( 1 ),
f −1 = √x 3
+3
⇒  Now, f −1 (24) = √24 3
+3
                                = √27
3

                =3

⇒  Now, f −1 (5) = √5 3
+3
                             = √8
3

                             = 2

Let f: N → N be a function defined as f(x) = 9x2 + 6x − 5. Show that

f : N → S , where S is the range of f , is invertible. Find the inverse of f and
−1 −1
hence find f (43) and f (163).

f : N → N is a function defined as f(x) = 9x2 + 6x − 5

Let y= f(x) = 9x2 + 6x − 5

⇒  y − 9x2 + 6x − 5
⇒  y = 9x2 + 6x + 1 − 1 − 5
⇒  y = (9x2 + 6x + 1) − 6
⇒  y = (3x + 1)2 − 6
⇒  y + 6 = (3x + 1)2
⇒  √y + 6 = 3x + 1          (∵ y ∈ N)
⇒  √y + 6 − 1 = 3x

√y + 6 − 1
⇒  x =
3
Let x= g(y)
√y + 6 − 1
⇒  g(y) =    
3
       
Now, f ∘ g(y) = f[g(y)]

√y + 6 − 1
            = f( )
3
×

2
√y + 6 − 1 √y + 6 − 1
             = 9( ) + 6( )−5
3 3

y + 6 − 2√y + 6 + 1
            = 9( )−5
9

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y + 6 − 2√y + 6 + 1
            = 9( ) + 2(√y + 6 − 1) − 5
9
 
            = y + 6 − 2√y + 6 + 1 + 2√y + 6 − 2 − 5
=y
                        = Iy , Identify function

⇒  g ∘ f(x) = g[f(x)]

           = g(9x2 + 6x − 5)

√(9x2 + 6x − 5) + 6 − 1
           =
3

√(9x2 + 6x + 1) − 1
           =
3

√(3x + 1)2 − 1
           =
3

(3x + 1) − 1
           =
3
  
3x
           =
3
           =x
                      = Ix , Indenfity function.

Since, f ∘ g(y) and g(g ∘ f(x) are identify function.

∴  f is invertible.
−1 √x + 6 − 1
So, f (x) = g(x) =
3
Now,
√43 + 6 − 1
⇒  f −1 (43) =
3
√46 − 1
           =
3

7−1
           =
3

6
           =
3

                      = 2.
√163 + 6 − 1
⇒  f −1 (163) =
3
 
√169 − 1
            =
3
×
             = 13 − 1
3
  
12
            =
3

            = 4

x+a if x < 0

f( ) { and

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x + a if x < 0
Let f(x) ={ and
|x − 1| if x ≥ 0
x+1 if x < 0
g(x) = {
(x − 1)2 + b if x ≥ 0,
Where a and b are non-negative real number. Determine the composite
function g o f. if is continuous for all real x, determine the Values of a and b.
Further for these values of a and b is g o f differentiable at x=0? Justify your
answer 

×



Class 12 Engineering Maths Extra Questions
▪ Continuity And Differentiability Extra Questions
▪ Determinants Extra Questions
▪ Differential Equations Extra Questions
▪ Integrals Extra Questions
▪ Inverse Trigonometric Functions Extra Questions

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