Automatic Green House Plant Monitoring

System with Motion sensor

Control Engineering Lab

(Project Report)

Submitted To:
Sir Hassan Mehmood

Submitted By:
Fakhar Mahtab
Muhammad Jayyaad Arshad 259246
Shaheer Anzak

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, NUST, Islamabad

June 17, 2021

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 Table of Contents
Contributions........................................................................................................2

Objective...............................................................................................................2

Abstract.................................................................................................................2

Introduction...........................................................................................................2

Arduino.................................................................................................................3

Block Diagram......................................................................................................4

Software Part........................................................................................................4

Software................................................................................................................4

LCD DISPLAY....................................................................................................5

Distance Measurement..........................................................................................5

Sensor.........................................................................................................5

Description.................................................................................................5

IR Sensor Detects Humans.........................................................................5

Logic...........................................................................................................5

Code............................................................................................................6

Connection..................................................................................................6

Circuit Diagram..........................................................................................6

Humidity Measurement........................................................................................7

Sensor.........................................................................................................7

Description.................................................................................................7

How Sensor Works.....................................................................................8

Logic...........................................................................................................8

Code............................................................................................................8

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 Connection..................................................................................................9

Circuit Diagram..........................................................................................9

Photo Detection..................................................................................................10

Sensor.......................................................................................................10

Description...............................................................................................10

How Detection Done................................................................................10

Logic.........................................................................................................11

Code..........................................................................................................11

Connection................................................................................................11

Circuit Diagram........................................................................................12

Temperature Measurement.................................................................................12

Sensor.......................................................................................................12

Description...............................................................................................13

How sensor works....................................................................................13

Logic.........................................................................................................13

Code..........................................................................................................13

Connection................................................................................................14

Connection Diagram.................................................................................14

Moisture Measurement.......................................................................................15

Sensor.......................................................................................................15

Description...............................................................................................15

Detection Method.....................................................................................15

Logic.........................................................................................................16

Code..........................................................................................................16

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 Connection................................................................................................17

Circuit Diagram........................................................................................17

Hardware Part.....................................................................................................18

Components..............................................................................................18

Circuit Diagram Of Connection..........................................................................18

Result..................................................................................................................18

Temperature..............................................................................................18

Moisture....................................................................................................19

Humidity...................................................................................................19

Light Detection.........................................................................................19

Discussion...........................................................................................................19

Conclusion..........................................................................................................19

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Objective

The main objectives of project are as follows:

 Small in size.

 Low cost.

 Flexible design.

 Power consumption low

Contributions

Muhammad
Shaheer Anzak Fakhar Mahtab
Jayyaad Arshad
Humidity and Monitoring the Studying and
temprature absorbed light monitoring the
monitoring by Photosensor moisture
using humidity and PIR sensor . absorbed by
and temprarue Simulating plant from
sensor project at ground using
Coding for harware ground
Project Video making moisture sensor
Proofreading Discussion Debugging code
the report Results and Introduction
Abstract and References of and Calculation
Conclusion of Report. of report.
report.

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 Abstract

Gardening and plants are very sensitive to their environmental conditions and it becomes
strenuous to constantly monitor these parameters. In this project we will gain the necessary
environmental factors like Temperature, Humidity, Moisture Content and Sunlight intensity
and then these parameters can be varied according to the need of plants. With all that data in
tow, you can keep your plant alive and healthy easily. This project also aims at placing
Sensors to locate if something is heading plants way that may damage it. It will be especially
helpful for the plants in the green house which are being studied and need extreme care.

Introduction

Adding Artificial intelligence and automation to the daily life hobbies and tasks helps us
manage them efficiently. Monitoring plant health is very important for their fast growth. For
ensuring complete development of plants it is necessary to develop proper surrounding
conditions in which plants grow. The plant monitoring system is helpful to monitor few
factors which are necessary for the growth of plants. These factors include moisture,
temperature, sunlight, humidity, etc. Each plant requires a proper amount of light and
temperature so that it grows properly. Very high temperature leads to drying of the plant and
very low temperature leads to improper spreading and blooming. If the amount of sunlight is
not correct then it affects the process of photosynthesis. Similarly, exact amount of soil
moisture is required for effective growth.

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 Arduino
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. It consists of both
a physical programmable circuit board and a piece of software that runs on your computer,
used to write, and upload computer code to the physical board.

Advantages Of Arduino

1. Inexpensive:

Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other microcontroller platforms

2. Cross-Platform:
The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and Linux operating
systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to Windows.

3. Simple, Clear Programming Environment:

The Arduino software is easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users.

Software Part
IDE

Software
Arduino 1.8.03

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Block Diagram

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LCD DISPLAY
A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual. When the input
information is supplied has an electrical signal, the display is called electronic display.

1. Distance Measurement

 Sensor

Infrared HW-201

 Description

An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense some aspects of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion.

 IR Sensor Detects Humans

The Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor is used to detect the presence of human. Because every
human radiates the infrared energy of specific wavelength range. The absorbed incident
radiation changes the temperature of a material.

 Logic

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 Code

 Connection

1. Connect the negative wire on the IR sensor to GND on the Arduino.

2. Connect the middle of the IR sensor which is the VCC to 5V on the Arduino.
3. Connect the signal pin on the IR sensor to pin 8 on the Arduino. 

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  Circuit Diagram

Humidity Measurement

Sensor

DHT 22

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Description

The DHT22 is a basic, low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive
humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and spits out a digital signal
on the data pin.

How Sensor Works

For measuring humidity they use the humidity sensing component which has two electrodes
with moisture holding substrate between them. So as the humidity changes, the conductivity
of the substrate changes or the resistance between these electrodes changes. This change in
resistance is measured and processed by the IC which makes it ready to be read by a
microcontroller.

Logic

Code

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Connection

1. Power the sensor with 5V.

2. Connect pins to ground.
3. Finally, connect the Data pin to a digital pin #2.
4. We also need to place a pull-up resistor of 10KΩ between VCC and data line.

Circuit Diagram

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Photo Detection

Sensor

Photo resistor

Description

A photoresistor is a passive component that decreases resistance with respect to receiving

luminosity on the component's sensitive surface. It is also known as a light-dependent
resistor, LDR or photo-conductive cell.

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How Detection Done

Silicon photodiodes are semiconductor devices responsive to high- energy particles and

photons. Photodiodes operate by absorption of photons or charged particles and generate a
flow of current in an external circuit, proportional to the incident power.

Logic

Code

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Connection

1. Connect other resistor leg to ground.

2. Wire up the LED anode to Arduino pin 9.
3. Drag a photoresistor from the components panel to your breadboard, so its legs plug
into two different rows.
4. Click to create a wire connecting one photoresistor leg to power.
5. Connect the the other leg to Arduino analog pin A0.

Circuit Diagram

Temperature Measurement

Sensor

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DHT 11

Description

DHT11 delivers us a specific value of temperature and assures high security and long term
immobility. DHT11 module operates on serial communication. This module transfers data in
the form of the pulse train of a specific time period. Before sending data to Arduino it
requires some initialize command with a time delay.

How sensor works

Once DHT recognizes starts signal, it will send a low voltage level response signal to
Arduino of time delay about 80µs. After that DHT controller pulls up the data line and holds
it for 80µs for DHT’s arranging of transmitting data.

Logic

Code

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Connection

1. Connect the +Vs to +5v on your Arduino board.

2. Connect Vout to Analog0 or A0 on Arduino board.
3. Connect GND with GND on Arduino

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Connection Diagram

Moisture Measurement

Sensor

FC 28

Description

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A typical Soil Moisture Sensor consist of two components. A two legged Lead, that goes into
the soil or anywhere else where water content has to be measured. This has two header pins
which connect to an Amplifier/ A-D circuit which is in turn connected to the Arduino.

Detection Method

soil moisture sensors are designed to estimate soil volumetric water content based on the
dielectric constant of the soil. The dielectric constant can be thought of as the soil's ability to
transmit electricity. The dielectric constant of soil increases as the water content of the soil
increases. This response is due to the fact that the dielectric constant of water is much larger
than the other soil components, including air. 

Logic

Code

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Connection

1. Connect the two pins from the Sensor to the two pins on the Amplifier circuit via
hook up wires.
2. Connect the Vcc from the Amplifier to the 3.3V pin on the Arduino and the Gnd pin
to the Gnd pin on the Arduino.
3. Connect the Analog Data Pin to the A0 pin on the Arduino.

Circuit Diagram

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Combine Code

Hardware Part

Components

1. Arduino UNO
2. PIR Sensor
3. Jumper Wires
4. LEDs
5. Arduino Cable
6. Soil Moisture Sensor

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 7. Bread Board
8. 16X2 LCD
9. DHT11 Temperature Sensor 

Circuit Diagram Of Connection

Result

Temperature

Day
Night

Moisture

Water Plant
Without Water Plant

Humidity

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 Day
Night

Light Detection

Bright
Dark

Discussion
All Sensors have worked correctly and determined the soil moisture level, humidity,
temperature values. Soil moisture value depends upon plant
specification, soil type, seasonal rainfall. The temperature value was displayed onto the LCD
screen. In case

of temperature sensor, if temperature is increased then fan will on automatically and if

the moisture and humidity contents are less than certain level then LED will bright.
Similarly, in dark LED will bright and in light areas LEDS will remain off.

Conclusion

The project task is performed with the help of IDE and Arduino. Gaining knowing about
software is also achieved. The displaying temperature on LCD Module is performed as well
as intensity, humidity and moisture are shown with the help of moisture. With certain value
of temperature, fan will on and is controlled with motor driver. From the project, we find out
that temperature, humidity, moisture, photo detection are main factors that determine the
health of plants. We conclude that more humidity and light intensity are better to plant grow
well. Meanwhile, less moisture the soil has are better.

The link for accessing video is also provided for better understanding.

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