Paper Reference(s) WPH11 / 01
Pearson Edexcel
International Advanced Level
Physics
International Advanced Subsidiary
Unit 1: Mechanics and Materials
Thursday 10 January 2019 – Morning
Time: 1 hour 30 minutes plus your additional
time allowance
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your centre number, candidate number,
surname, other names and your signature in
the boxes below. Check that you have the
correct question paper.
Centre No.
Candidate No.
Surname
Other names
Signature
Paper Reference W P H 1 1 0 1
Y60790A (Turn over)
2
●
Use BLACK ink or ball‑point pen.
●
Answer ALL questions.
●
Answer the questions in the spaces
provided – there may be more space than
you need.
●
Show all your working in calculations and
include units where appropriate.
MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR EXAMINATION
Scientific calculator, ruler, protractor
ITEMS INCLUDED WITH QUESTION PAPERS
Data, formulae and relationships booklet
Separate sheet for use with Question 15(a)
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The marks for EACH question are shown
in brackets – use this as a guide as to how
much time to spend on each question.
● In questions marked with an ASTERISK (*),
marks will be awarded for your ability to
structure your answer logically showing
how the points that you make are related
or follow on from each other where
appropriate.
(Instructions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
3
ADVICE TO CANDIDATES
●
Read each question carefully before you
start to answer it.
●
Try to answer every question.
●
Check your answers if you have time at
the end.
(Turn over)
4
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions.
For questions 1–10, select one answer from
A to D and put a cross in the box . If you
change your mind, put a line through the
box and then mark your new answer
with a cross .
1 Which of the following is a vector
quantity?
A work done
B time
C temperature
D displacement
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 1 = 1 MARK)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
5
2 Which of the following is equivalent to
1 kilowatt‑hour?
A 0·28 J
B 0·28 W
C 3·6 × 106 J
D 3·6 × 106 W
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 2 = 1 MARK)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
6
3 Stokes’ law can be used to determine
the frictional force on an object moving
through a fluid.
To which of the following would Stokes’
law best apply?
A A large sphere moving quickly
through a fluid.
B A large sphere moving slowly
through a fluid.
C A small sphere moving quickly
through a fluid.
D A small sphere moving slowly
through a fluid.
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 3 = 1 MARK)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
7
4 A force of 90 N is used to push a box
along a ramp of length 10 m, up to a
platform.
The platform is 4 m above the ground.
The weight of the box is 200 N.
90 N
4 m
10 m
200 N
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
8
Which of the following expressions
could be used to determine the
efficiency of the ramp?
90 × 10
A
200 × 4
200 × 4
B
(90 × 10) + (200 × 4)
200 × 4
C
90 × 10
90 × 10
D
(90 × 10) + (200 × 4)
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 4 = 1 MARK)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
9
5 According to Newton’s third law, when
two objects interact they exert forces on
each other.
Which of the following statements is NOT
a correct description of these forces?
A The forces act at the same time.
B The forces act in the same
direction.
C The forces act on different objects.
D The forces have the same
magnitude.
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 5 = 1 MARK)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
10
6 A ball is thrown vertically upwards.
Which row of the table correctly
describes the magnitude of the
initial acceleration of the ball and the
magnitude of the acceleration when it is
at its maximum height?
Initial Acceleration at
acceleration maximum height
A 0 9·81 m s–2
B 9·81 m s–2 0
C 9·81 m s–2 9·81 m s–2
D 0 0
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 6 = 1 MARK)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
11
7 One end of a 50 cm length of wire
is attached to a support. A load is
attached to the free end of the wire,
which extends by 2 mm.
Which of the following is the strain for
the length of wire?
A 0·004
B 0·04
C 25
D 250
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 7 = 1 MARK)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
12
8 A ball is dropped, bounces once and is
then caught.
Which of the following graphs of
gravitational potential energy Egrav
against time t could represent the
motion of the ball?
Egrav Egrav
t t
A B
Egrav Egrav
t t
C D
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 8 = 1 MARK)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
13
9 The stiffness constant and the Young
modulus are terms used in physics.
Which row of the table shows the
correct application of these terms?
Stiffness constant Young modulus
applies to applies to
A materials materials
B objects objects
C materials objects
D objects materials
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 9 = 1 MARK)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
14
10 A student used a balance to measure
the mass of a small cube with sides of
length x.
On
50·00 g
Tare
The student also measured the mass of
a larger cube with sides of length 1·5 x .
1·5 x
On
50·00 g
Tare
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
15
Which of the following is the density
ρL of the larger cube in terms of the
density ρS of the smaller cube?
A ρL = 3·4 ρS
B ρL = 1·5 ρS
C ρL = 0·67 ρS
D ρL = 0·30 ρS
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 10 = 1 MARK)
TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 10 MARKS
(Section B begins on next page)
(Turn over)
16
SECTION B
Answer ALL questions in the spaces
provided.
11 The graph shows how the velocity of an
object varies with time.
20
velocity / m s–1
10
0 time / s
5 10 15 20
–10
–20
–30
Describe how the acceleration of the
object varies with time.
Your answer should include
calculations. (3 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Continue your answer on next page)
(Turn over)
17
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 11 = 3 MARKS)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
18
12 A student carries out an experiment to
determine a value for g, the acceleration
of free fall. A short wooden rod is
released above a light gate. A timer
connected to the light gate is used to
measure the time taken for the wooden
rod to pass through the light gate.
The experimental arrangement is shown.
wooden
rod
light
gate
to timer
The student uses the equation
v 2 = u 2 + 2as , where u = 0, and a
graphical method to determine a value
for g.
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
19
(a) State the additional measurements
the student should take. (2 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
20
(b) Describe how the velocity v of the
wooden rod as it passes through
the light gate can be determined
accurately. (2 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
21
(c) Describe how the student can
determine a value for g using a
graphical method. (3 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Continue your answer on next page)
(Turn over)
22
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 12 = 7 MARKS)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
23
13 Two brackets, A and B, support a shelf
of length 1·2 m. Bracket A is positioned
0·15 m from the left‑hand end of the
shelf. A book is placed 0·35 m from the
left‑hand end of the shelf as shown.
A 0·35 m B
0·15 m
(a) The normal contact forces of each
bracket on the shelf are equal.
Determine the distance of bracket B
from the left‑hand end of the shelf.
(5 marks)
weight of book = 8·5 N
weight of shelf = 14 N
(Begin writing your answer on next page)
(Turn over)
24
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Continue your answer on next page)
(Turn over)
25
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Distance = ______________
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
26
(b) Bracket B is moved closer to the
left‑hand end of the shelf.
Explain the effect on the magnitude
of the normal contact force of
bracket B on the shelf. (2 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Continue your answer on next page)
(Turn over)
27
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 13 = 7 MARKS)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
28
* 14 The approximate age of an egg can be
determined by placing it in a bowl of
water. Two eggs of different ages are
placed in water and come to rest as
shown.
1 day 1 month
The internal structure of an egg is
shown below.
air cell
egg white
yolk
shell
A student searched on the internet to
find the reason why old eggs float.
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
29
He found the following statements on
different websites.
Statement 1
Old eggs float because as the egg
ages it starts to decompose. As it
decomposes gases are produced that
escape through the eggshell.
Statement 2
As the egg ages, air enters the egg
through the eggshell and increases
the size of the air cell. The larger air
cell acts as a flotation device and
hence old eggs float.
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
30
Assess which of these two statements
is correct. (6 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Continue your answer on next page)
(Turn over)
31
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Continue your answer on next page)
(Turn over)
32
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 14 = 6 MARKS)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
33
15 P and Q are identical spheres. Sphere
P moves along a smooth horizontal
surface and collides with sphere Q,
which is initially stationary.
After the collision:
• sphere P moves off with a
momentum of 0·096 kg m s–1 in
a direction of 15o to its initial
direction.
• sphere Q moves off with a
momentum of 0·14 kg m s–1 in a
direction of 10o as shown.
P
15o
P Q 10o
Q
before the after the
collision collision
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
34
(a) On the grid provided on the separate
sheet use a scaled vector diagram to
show that the magnitude of the total
momentum of spheres P and Q after
the collision is about 0·2 kg m s–1.
(4 marks)
Total momentum of
spheres P and Q
after the collision = _____________________
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
35
(b) State the principle of conservation of
linear momentum. (2 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
36
(c) Calculate the initial velocity of
sphere P.
mass of sphere P = 0·12 kg (2 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Initial velocity of sphere P = ______________
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 15 = 8 MARKS)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
37
16 In 2016, the European Space Agency sent
the Schiaparelli probe to Mars.
As the probe approached the surface of
Mars, with a vertical velocity component
of 460 m s–1, a parachute was opened to
reduce the speed of the probe. Once the
vertical velocity of the probe had reduced
to 75 m s–1, the parachute was removed
and the thrusters were switched on.
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
38
Due to an error the thrusters were
switched off too soon, leaving the probe
to ‘free fall’ to the surface of Mars.
460 m s–1
75 m s–1
68 m s–1
parachute
opened 150 m s–1
parachute
removed thrusters
and switched
thrusters off
switched
on impact
with
surface
of Mars
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
39
(a) The parachute was used over a
decrease in height of 9·7 km.
(i) Show that the average vertical
deceleration of the probe due to
the parachute was about 11 m s–2.
(2 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
40
(ii) The parachute was at an angle to the
vertical as shown.
6o
Not to
scale
The total resistive force acting on
the parachute and probe was at an
average angle of 6o to the vertical.
Calculate the magnitude of the
average total resistive force. You may
neglect the mass of the parachute.
(3 marks)
mass of probe = 600 kg
gravitational field strength
on Mars = 3·8 N kg–1
(Begin your answer on next page)
(Turn over)
41
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Average total resistive force = ____________
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
42
(b) The probe was in ‘free fall’ from a
height of 3·7 km, reaching the surface
of Mars with a velocity of 150 m s–1.
Explain whether the term ‘free fall’ is
correct in this context.
Your answer should include a
calculation. (6 marks)
gravitational field strength on Mars =
3·8 N kg–1
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Continue your answer on next page)
(Turn over)
43
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 16 = 11 MARKS)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
44
17 When concrete is first made it has a
high moisture content. As the concrete
dries its properties change.
A manufacturer of concrete carried
out compression testing of cylindrical
samples of concrete using the
equipment shown.
applied force
concrete compression
sample sensor
under test
The diagram on page 45 shows
stress‑strain graphs, up to the fracture
point, for concrete samples 2 days and
28 days after being made.
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
140
28 days
120
100
80
2 days
60
stress / MPa
40
45
20
0
0 0·001 0·002 0·003 0·004 0·005 0·006 0·007
strain
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
46
(a) As the concrete dries its Young
modulus increases.
Show that the value for the Young
modulus of the concrete after it has
dried is at least 1·3 times greater.
(4 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
47
(b) The energy absorbed before fracture
by the 28‑day old sample is less than
the energy absorbed before fracture
by the 2‑day old sample.
The area under a stress‑strain graph
gives the energy absorbed per unit
volume of the sample.
The energy absorbed before fracture
by the 2‑day old sample is 0·35 MJ m–3.
Determine the percentage reduction in
the energy absorbed before fracture
between the 2‑day old and the 28‑day
old samples.
You may assume that the volumes of
the cylindrical samples are the same.
(3 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Continue your answer on next page)
(Turn over)
48
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
49
(c) Manufacturers recommend leaving
concrete blocks to dry for at least
28 days before use.
Discuss why. (3 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Continue your answer on next page)
(Turn over)
50
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 17 = 10 MARKS)
(Questions continue on next page)
(Turn over)
51
18 The luge is an event at the Winter
Olympics. An athlete lies on a small
sledge and races down an icy track,
feet first.
(a) An athlete accelerates down a
straight section of the track as
shown. The track is at an angle θ to
the horizontal.
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
52
Draw a free‑body force diagram for
the sledge and athlete.
You should consider the relative
sizes of the forces when drawing
your diagram. (4 marks)
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
53
(b) The mass of the athlete is one of
the factors that affects her time to
complete the race.
(i) Explain why the mass of the
athlete has little effect on
the initial acceleration. (3 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
54
(ii) Explain, in terms of forces, why
the athlete reaches a maximum
velocity. (3 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
55
(iii) It is stated that the maximum
speed is greater for athletes of
greater mass.
Suggest why this is only correct
up to a certain mass. (2 marks)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
56
(c) After the finish line there is a
straight, uphill section of track for
the sledge to decelerate in. The
maximum permitted gradient of this
section is 20 %.
direction of
finish line motion
(i) Show that a track with a gradient
of 20% is at an angle to the
horizontal of about 11o. (1 mark)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Question continues on next page)
(Turn over)
57
(ii) An athlete reaches the finish line
at a velocity of 33 m s–1. She then
applies a minimum braking force
of 240 N as she moves along the
uphill section of track to help her
come to a stop.
Calculate the minimum uphill
length of track L that should be
available for braking. You should
ignore all frictional forces other
than those applied by the athlete.
(5 marks)
mass of sledge and athlete = 95 kg
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
(Continue your answer on next page)
(Turn over)
58
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
L = _________________
(TOTAL FOR QUESTION 18 = 18 MARKS)
TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 70 MARKS
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS
END
