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Tutorial 1

This document is an introduction to engineering electromagnetics tutorial covering key concepts like gradient, divergence, and curl. It provides 12 practice problems calculating gradients, divergences, and curls of vector and scalar fields. Example problems include finding the top of a hill given a height function, showing a vector is perpendicular to a surface, and verifying Gauss's divergence theorem for various vector fields.

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Pravat Kumar Sahoo
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95 views3 pages

Tutorial 1

This document is an introduction to engineering electromagnetics tutorial covering key concepts like gradient, divergence, and curl. It provides 12 practice problems calculating gradients, divergences, and curls of vector and scalar fields. Example problems include finding the top of a hill given a height function, showing a vector is perpendicular to a surface, and verifying Gauss's divergence theorem for various vector fields.

Uploaded by

Pravat Kumar Sahoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHY102 Introduction to Engineering

Electromagnetics
Department of Physics, IIT (BHU), Varanasi

Tutorial 1
Symbols have their usual meaning.

Gradient

1. The height of a hill (in feet) is given by

H(x, y) = 10(2xy − 3x2 − 4y 2 − 18x + 28y + 12),

where x and y respectively are the east-ward distance and


north-ward distance (in miles) from a city.

(a) Where is the top of the hill located?


(b) How high is the hill?
(c) How steep is the slope (in feet per mile) at a point
one mile north and one mile east of the city? At that
point, in what direction, is the slope steepest?

2. Show that ∇V ~ is a vector perpendicular to the surface


V (x, y, z) = constant.

3. Find rate of change of Φ = xyz in direction normal to


surface x2 y + y 2 x + z 2 y = 3 at (1, 1, 1).

4. Find the constants a and b so that the surface ax2 −byz =


(a + 2)x will be orthogonal to the surface 4x2 y + z 3 = 4
at the point (1, −1, 2).
~ (where f is a differentiable scalar function),
5. Show that ∇f
transforms like a vector.

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Divergence

6. Sketch the vector ~ 3


p field A = ~r/r (where ~r is the position
vector and r = x2 + y 2 + z 2 ). Compute its divergence.
Does the answer surprise you? If so, why?
~ = r~r,
7. (i) Check the divergence theorem for the function A
using as your volume the sphere of radius R, centered at
the origin.
~ = (1/r3 )~r.
(ii) Try the same for B

8. Find the flux of the vector field

~v = (r cos θ)r̂ + (r sin θ)θ̂ + (r sin θ cos φ)φ̂

through a closed volume bounded by a hemisphere of ra-


dius R and centered at origin. Can you verify the Gauss’s
divergence theorem?

Curl

9. Draw the vector field ~v = (x−y)î+(x+y)ĵ in x−y plane.


What can you infer from the graph? Is the conclusion
consistent with the results that come out upon considering
divergence and curl of the given vector.

Second Derivatives
~ 2 ( 1 ).
10. Compute ∇ r

~ show that ∇.(


11. (a) For a vector field A, ~ ∇×~ A)~ = 0, that is
the divergence of the curl of any vector field vanishes.
(b) For a scalar field V , show that ∇~ × (∇V
~ ) = 0, i.e.,
the curl of the gradient of any scalar field vanishes.

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12. Show that the vector field A ~ = yz î + zxĵ + xy k̂ can be
written both as the gradient of a scalar field and as the
curl of a vector field. Find the scalar and vector potentials
for this function.

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