ENHANCED COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Pointers for the Midterms:

➢ Listening PPT
➢ Reading assignment answers
➢ Practice getting the main idea and making inferences from texts. Search for websites that
offer practice exercises.
➢ Familiarize with making mind maps, especially of comparison & contrast.
➢ Form your own comparison and contrast mind map of the skills of listening and reading.
➢ Practice using manual drawings of graphics to illustrate similarities & differences between
listening & reading.
Nota Bene: Review the following figures of speech discussed in your high school Literature
lessons:
• Allegory
o An allegory is a story or poem with characters and events that stand for ideas
about life or for a political situation. Most of the time, there is a moral to the
story or a life lesson for the reader to learn. An allegory is like a really long
metaphor, which means you can find meaning beyond the literal storyline.
• Alliteration
o the repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring
words or syllables
• Imagery
o Imagery is a literary device that uses figurative language to describe objects,
actions, and ideas in a way that appeals to the physical senses and helps readers
to picture the scene as if it were real. The term imagery can be a bit misleading.
• Simile
o A simile is a figure of speech that utilizes “like” or “as” to compare two things in a
very interesting way. The object of a simile has a unique way of sparking the
interest of the readers. It may be a common form of figurative speech but it can
also be one of the most effective.
• Sensory Words
o Words that appeal to your six senses are called sensory words. These words
describe how we experience our five senses namely sight, smell, taste, motion,
touch, and sound.
• Repetition
o literary devices aim to utilize words to communicate more efficiently and more
effectively to readers and audiences. In this article, we’ll be taking a look at a
literary device that aims to do just that simply by using the same word or phrase
again and again. This is of course repetition. Repetition may seem straightforward,
but there are various types of repetition that are defined by how and where words
or phrases are repeated.
 Chapter 1: What is Listening?

Listening - the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process

POINTS TO REMEMBER
• Effective listening underpins all positive human relationships
• Good listening skills are building blocks of success
• The most basic and powerful way to connect to another person is to listen

10 PRINCIPLES OF LISTENING
1. Stop Talking – Don’t talk, Listen.
2. Prepare yourself to listen – relate; try to put other thoughts out of your mind and focus
on the message
3. Put the speaker at ease
4. Remove distractions and avoid interruptions
5. Empathize
6. Be patient
7. Avoid personal prejudice
8. Listen to the tones
9. Listen for ideas, not just words
10. Wait and watch for non-verbal communication

3 MAIN TYPES OF LISTENING

1. Informational Listening – listening to learn
2. Critical Listening – to evaluate and analyze
3. Therapeutic or Empathic Listening – to understand feeling and emotion

BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE LISTENING

• Assumptive Listening
• Self-proactive Listening
• Judgmental Listening
• Affirmative Listening
• Defensive Listening
• Authoritative Listening

PURPOSE OF LISTENING
• To critically assessed what is being said
 • To specifically focus on the messages being communicated
• To show interest, concern, and concentration
• To encourage the speaker to communicate fully, openly, and honestly

TWO GENERAL TYPES OF LISTENING

1. Discriminative Listening – does not involve the understanding of the meaning of words
or phrases
2. Comprehensive Listening – involves understanding the message or messages that are
being communicated.
Other listening types:
• Appreciative Listening – for enjoyment
• Rapport Listening – to encourage the other person; to trust and likes us
• Selective Listening – biased listening

WHAT IS READING?
• The process of looking at a sense of written syllables (letters, punctuations, marks, and
spaces) and gathering meaning from them.
• Reading is dynamic because the readers interact with the text to construct meaning

DIFFERENT READING TECHNIQUES

• Skimming – referred to as Gist Reading, means going through the text to grasp the main
idea
• Scanning – it is the process of moving your eyes rapidly toward the text to get a particular
piece of information
• Active Reading – when you truly want to understand the text, then you have to actively
read it
• Detailed Reading – a combination of skimming and scanning (paying attention to every
single word and extracting important information from the text
• Speed Reading – you simply try to improve your reading speed without losing any
understanding of the text.
• Intensive Reading – the reader has to understand the meaning of each and every word
(accuracy of comprehension)
• Extensive Reading – lays more emphasis on fluency and less on accuracy

SQ3R
S - Survey
Q - Questions
3R – Read, Reute, Review

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF COMPREHENSION

Level 1: LITERAL COMPREHENSION
➢ Provides the foundation for more advanced comprehension, it is the understanding of
information and facts directly stated in the text
Level 2: INFERRENTIAL COMPREHENSION
➢ This requires critical thinking skills to gather understanding. The ability to realize the
hidden concepts and the unstated relationship between the lines in a text.
Level 3: EVALUATIVE COMPREHENSION
➢ You are able to make an analysis and personal evaluative judgment about the reading.
It requires the reader to move beyond the text and consider what they think and believes
in relation to the message in the text.
Level 4: APPLIED COMPREHENSION
➢ Analyzing or synthesizing information or applying it to other information

MIND MAPPING
What is Mind Map?
➢ a diagram in which information is represented visually, usually with a central idea placed
in the middle and associated ideas arranged around it:

KINDS OF MIND MAP

1. Brainstorming Mind Map
2. Note-taking Mind Map
3. Memorization Mind Map
4. Reading Comprehension Mind Map
5. Group Project Mind Map
6. Class Presentation Mind Map
7. Homework Mind Map
8. Essay Mind Map
9. Exam Preparation Mind Map
10. Semester Plan Mind Map
11. Creative Writing Mind Map
12. Lab Report Mind Map
13. Grammar Mind Map
14. Business Ideas Mind Map
15. School Club Mind Map
16. Compare and Contrast Mind Map