Submission of Micro Project Entitled

"Prepare Chart of Trigonometry to Solve

Elementary Engineering Problems”

Submitted to
CSMSS COLLEGE OF POLYTECHNIC, AURANGABAD.
BY
Research Students
1] YASH KARWA 2] RUSHIKESH SASAMKAR
3] DNYANESHWAR NILAPALLE 4] YOGESH ASTIKAR
5] SAAD SHILKH 6] MANDAR JOSHI
7] TEJAS THOLE

Under the Supervision of

Mrs. DESMUKH
Project Director
Dept. of Mathematics
CSMSS COLLEGE OF POLYTECHNIC, AURANGABAD,
Aurangabad. 431001(M.S.)

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 CSMSS COLLEGE OF POLYTECHNIC

AURANGABAD

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that YASH KARWA, RUSHIKESH SASAMKAR,
DNYANESHWAR NILAPALLE ,YOGESH ASTIKAR, SAAD
SHAILK ,MANDAR JHOSI, AND TEJAS THOLE of First semester of
Diploma in Computer Engineering of Institute CSMSS College of Polytechnic
(code:1152) have completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in subject Basic
Mathematics (22103) for the academic year 2017-2018 as prescribed in the
curriculum.

Place:………… Enrollment NO:………………

Date:………… Exam Seat No’s:……………...

PROJECT DIRECTOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT PRINCIPAL

Seal of

Institute

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 Index

Sr. PARTICULAR PAGE NO.

1. Abstract 4

2. Introduction 5

3. Contains Of Chart 6-10

4. Acknowledgement 11

5. Reference 12

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 Abstract
 We have searched on Trigonometry and have listed out some main
points
 After that we have gone through the important formula and noted
all this down on the chart like the angles, sum of the identities,
double of them etc.
 Now we have also leaned the identities and got few more ideas to
write them down.
 We have also learned how to place ideas in group project, write
down some important points and how to discuss it.
 We have gone through to the lesson and have understood its
formulas.

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 Introduction.
Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships
involving lengths and angles of triangles. The field emerged in the
Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC from applications of
geometry to astronomical studies.

The 3rd-century astronomers first noted that the lengths of the sides
of a right-angle triangle and the angles between those sides have
fixed relationships: that is, if at least the length of one side and the
value of one angle is known, then all other angles and lengths can be
determined algorithmically. These calculations soon came to be
defined as the trigonometric functions and today are pervasive in
both pure and applied mathematics: fundamental methods of
analysis such as the Fourier transform, for example, or the wave
equation, use trigonometric functions to understand cyclical
phenomena across many applications in fields as diverse as physics,
mechanical and electrical engineering, music and acoustics,
astronomy, ecology, and biology. Trigonometry is also the
foundation of surveying.

Trigonometry is most simply associated with planar right-angle

triangles (each of which is a two-dimensional triangle with one angle
equal to 90 degrees). The applicability to non-right-angle triangles
exists, but, since any non-right-angle triangle (on a flat plane) can be
bisected to create two right-angle triangles, most problems can be
reduced to calculations on right-angle triangles. Thus the majority
of applications relate to right-angle triangles. One exception to this
is spherical trigonometry, the study of triangles on spheres, surfaces
of constant positive curvature, in elliptic geometry (a fundamental
part of astronomy and navigation). Trigonometry on surfaces of
negative curvature is part of hyperbolic geometry.

Trigonometry basics are often taught in schools, either as a separate

course or as a part of a pre calculus course.

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 Contains of Chart
In a right angled triangle, we have basically 3 sides namely –
Hypotenuse, Opposite side and Adjacent side. The longest side is known
as the hypotenuse, the side opposite to hypotenuse is opposite and the
side where both hypotenuse and opposite rests is the adjacent side.

There are basically 6 Laws used for finding the elements in

Trigonometry. They are called trigonometric functions.

The six trigonometric functions are sine, cosine, secant, co-secant,

tangent and co-tangent. By using the above right angled triangle as
reference, the trigonometric functions or trigonometric identities are
derived:

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Trigonometry Formulas involving Periodicity Identities:

 sin(x+2π)=sinx
 cos(x+2π)=cosx
 tan(x+π)=tanx
 cot(x+π)=cotx

Trigonometry Formulas involving Cofunction Identities – degree:

 sin(90∘−x)=cosx
 cos(90∘−x)=sinx
 tan(90∘−x)=cotx
 cot(90∘−x)=tanx

Trigonometry Formulas involving Sum/Difference Identities:

 sin (x + y) = sin(x) cos(y) + cos(x) sin(y)

 cos(x + y) = cos(x) cos(y) – sin(x) sin(y)
 tan(x+y)=tanx+tany1−tanx⋅tany
 sin(x – y) = sin(x) cos(y) – cos(x) sin(y)
 cos(x – y) = cos(x) cos(y) + sin(x) sin(y)
 tan(x−y)=tanx−tany1+tanx⋅tany

Trigonometry Formulas involving Double Angle Identities:

 sin(2x) = 2 sin(x).cos(x)
 cos(2x)=cos2(x)–sin2(x),
 cos(2x)=2cos2(x)−1
 cos(2x)=1–2sin2(x)
 tan(2x)=[2tan(x)][1−tan2(x)]

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 Examples
An airplane is approaching point A along a straight line and at a constant
altitude h. At 10:00 am, the angle of elevation of the airplane is 20o and
at 10:01 it is 60o. What is the altitude h of the airplane if the speed of the
airplane is constant and equal to 600 miles/hour? (round answer to 2
decimal places).

Solution to Problem 4:

 We first calculate distance d using the time and speed (1 minute =

1/60 hour)

d = 600 * (1 / 60) = 10 miles

 We next express the tangent of the given angles of elevation as
follows

tan(20o) = h / (d + x)

and

tan(60o) = h / x

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  Eliminate x in the two equations above to find a relationship
between h and d

h = d / [ 1 / tan(20o) - 1 / tan(60o) ]

= 4.6 miles (rounded to 2 decimal places)

2]
 sin θ cos 7θ cos 4θ + sin 7θ cos θ cos 4θ + sin 4θ cos 7θ cos θ = sin θ
sin 4θ sin 7 θ.

If 1 – tan θ tan 4θ ≠ 0, you can peacefully divide by this expression.

(tan θ + tan 4θ)/(1 – tan θ tan 4θ) = –tan 7θ

or, tan 5θ = – tan 7θ

⇒ 5θ = nπ – 7θ

⇒ θ = (nπ)/12, where n = 0, ±1, ±2 ………

Check, whether this is a solution and it satisfies the assumption 1 – tan θ

tan 4θ ≠ 0.

1 – tan 4 (nπ/12). tan (nπ/12)

1 – tan (nπ/3) tan (nπ/12) ≠ 0

Case II:

1 – tan θ tan 4θ = 0, then given equation becomes

cos θ cos 4θ – sin θ sin 4θ = 0

or, (cos 3θ – cos 5θ) – (cos 5θ – cos 3θ) = 0 or,

2 (cos 3θ – cos 5θ) = 0

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or, cos 3θ = cos 5θ

⇒ 5θ = 2nπ ± 3θ ……… (1) t

Taking positive sign of (1) or, 2θ = 2nπ

or, θ = nπ, where n = 0, ±1, ±2 ………

Taking negative sign of (1) or, 8θ = 2nπ

or, θ = nπ/4 where n = 0, ±1, ±2 ………

Check

Put θ = nπ in given equation 0 =

Put θ = nπ/4 in given equation 1/√2.1/√2 (-1) + (1/√2)(1/√2)(-1) + 0 = 0

So θ = nπ and nπ/4. Also satisfy given equation θ = nπ, nπ/4, nπ/12,

where n = 0, ±1, ±2 ………

Acknowledgement

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We would like to express our thanks to the people who have helped us most
throughout our project. We would like to express our sincere thanks to the
principal of CSMSS College of Polytechnic Prof.Dongre.G.B. for being always
with us as a motivator . We are thankful to the H.O.D. of Applied Science
Department Mrs.Sakhare.M.B. for her kind support.We are grateful to our Project
Director Mrs. Desmukh for nonstop support and continuous motivation for the
project. Her help made us possible to complete our project with all accurate
information. A special thanks of our goes to our friends who helped us in
completing the project, where they all exchanged their own interesting ideas. We
wish to thanks our parents for their personal support or attention who inspired us to
go our own way. Finally we would like to thank God who made all things possible
for us till the end.

YASH KARWA.

RUSHIKESH SASAMKAR.

DNYANESHWAR NILAPALLE.

YOGESH ASTIKAR.

SAAD SHAILK .

MANDAR JHOSI.

TEJAS THOLE.

References

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1. https://byjus.com/maths/trigonometry-formulas/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometry

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