Practice Writing

Ftiraga'na and Katakana

for Beginners
a\

llPage
 \

Aru.{u gy

Japanese Translation English

Ohayou Good morning tit*I i
Ohayou Gozafutnasu Good moming ( Polite) isltt i j8r,r*f
Konnichiwa Good afternoon / Hello L lytr. ,if'f
Konbanwa Good evening :tuttrlt
Sayounra
()yasrrminasai
Goortbye Srireb '
l/\
\_ Arigatou Thank you d?*Dfft.i
Arigdou Gozainrasu Thanh -vou ( Polite ) brlriLi.:Er,'*f
Spmirnase,n Excuse me; iur sor-ry ;
thank you
f4*rf ,t,
Iie, No; not at all L\L\T.
Ittekimasu I?Il:go andtrme back l,'a(8 *-l'
Itterasshai Please go and come back t,ra(6c L.tUt
Tadaima Imhome lctt'r*
Okf,orinasai Welmme horne $i'i, fiSu\
Itartakimasu ThBnk you forthe rneal vttcti**?
(beforc estins)
Gochisrusama deshita ltrarrkyou forthe meal :"t"t i S*r""Lt,
( After meal )
tlajimemashite Howdoyou do It uD* t-(
Doumyoroshiku Nice tomect 8i€IaL<
L Wakarimasu kn . Do you understand t>lt,v) *fz)'

2JPage
 Erryro,uiotw
,LofW

Ohayotr/arigatou

ohayo* is used between li.ie,nds and fa*ily members

,while ohayou
gozaimasu is used het'ween less intirnate acquirrtances
sirnilarty with
arigdou gozaimasu .

Sayourrara

fr:* are several goodbye expression in Japanese

,the choice among
which depend on the degnee of separation :

- sayorrnara > (he speaker dtres not expecr. to s€e the person to
trefirlre she " turns a page on her life " : not until
a new day arrives,
or *ntil frte brings the two together again ,or until they
meet again
in the other wo,rld.
- Jya ,m&ta > betwoen friend .expecting tto see each
other again
fairiy soon .
- shitsureishimasu t king reave from a professor .s,offi@ ,for
example:
"
{*'
- Ittekimasu . leaving home

Su.mimasen means :

- Excuse me ) to get one's attentiorr .

- I,'m sorry >' to apol.gize for the tro,ble you have caused
- Thsnk you > to show appreciation for lr,hat someone has done
for
you.

3lPage
 Practice
Whll*etilL gowtq Lwll*
Renshuu
fo4,r"wi,n€ tiluAio*

[. You rneet your host family for the first tirne . Greet them .
L 2. It is one clock in the afternoon .You see your neigfiborn Mr.
Toshio.
3. You come to class in the morning " Grert T'eacher Yori .Greet your
classmates
4. On a crowded train, you stepped on someone's foot.
5. Yotr droeped your book. Sorneone pick it up for you .
6" trt is eight o'clock at night ryou happen to meed, your teacher at the
convenientutorc.
7. You ae watching TV u,ith yorn host ltrmiiy .It is tirue to to go to
sleep.
8. You are teoving home
9. You have come back home
10.
L Il.
You gorng to start eating
Youhave finished eating

(Santt : tncsrdCormc ro.EXcmarry JqrrcaGtt*i I pp.B9)

4lPagc

..1:ti,
 Japanese Writing S,ystern

used

ln addltion, rRornaji or R.ornan letten,are ,ureci for writing proper nomes! acnonylns
i^": and, teichnical terms. 'l-hls is
ured by beginrren whoihave i"t VLt rnasterad t'liragana

L and lktakana-

Exarnple:

H,'ugunu erfrrA *jD{} i

l(atakana Tfi' 71 t) Y"i'
Kanji H;+ *tt
Romaji OZU .N.

Note:that the four writing cornpon€nts can be used in one rentence.

Example:
z :l x t,{,t-J ADz *tfo+tF.Tf.
SUMISUSAN SUA'ADZGAISHA NO SI.IAIN DESU.
Mr. Srnith k an employee of ADZ compony.
\-
ln the.e&rnplq, Mr. Smith a foreign name l$ilritt€n in ka takana whih aDZ a
cornponv'narne is wrft ten' In Rom af l. ' KAISHA' .End ' s HAIN: are both wri tten in
kanii whllethe rnarkers'wA' and'I.lo: and,,copula ending'DEsu' arew rltten
ln Hlragana.

Note that the Wle of written for m and'printed fomr are dlfferent. Written form is
used as guide in hand-writlng wtrile printed forrn'is ured in prlnted telil.

5lPage
 Types of Strokes

>There are three types of strokes in writing the

characters

tb
L (sroP)

\
I'J*a it i:'r, r
(LIFT) (suuEEP)

Directions of ,Str:okes
>when writing the characters the ,cirection should be from left to
right and from top to bottom

\_
.:*.
* f;h
tl
BOTTOM
I --!f'
IEFT . RIGHT TOP- [EFr - RtcHr [ErT - R*,HT

6lPage
 ()' b iii /r o C.t t i HTRAGANA CHART

.l-
e)
A
lrr
I
i U
K.
F
Jr
*o
o
L
"frr C rr
t(A KI Kll KE KCf

3
5A
l-
5Hr
3-
srl
t: SE
+ to
tc
TA
b cHl
a T5U
( l:
TE TO

/r tL h *a o)
NA h,lt t.lu NE NO

0*
HA
$ HI
iP [*
FU HE HO

-]- ,Lt
s, tu e> t)
MA MI MU ME Mc)
t'

f LP*
YIJ
T
Y,o

b a 7; tr, 4
R,A RI RU R.E RO

t) t
-L

$(rA uro

4.,
N

TlPage
 ,,j
GA
C
CI itU
tf
UF, G()

C l/ -," rf €'
7_A JI zv ZE ZO

].-
/q
DA
JL+
D
Jtr(Dt)
a (" (-L,'
zur(DU) OE DO

rf, fs .nl
BA
(,N- r'J> is
'\_ BI BU BE 8()

tf, U\ ao
.5r lr.
PA PI ru PE PO

3+ * 8s *"p *'*
to/A KYU KYO 6YA 6YU GYO

L,$
SHA
1-rt
st{u
L} Dt Du0 Dt
5t{o JA JU .ro

t:+ brp bx $e r,Np $r

cl-i,A cHu cHo BYA nYt I BYO

[c-t, tl ry., ITT

i.tYA NYU NYO

Ll-e
HYA
(}h,
HYU
Ll.
HYO
i tI(.F
PYA
r.)to (Ir
PYIJ tr/ot

.++ 7*o 7*x

MYA MY MYO

9.+ tt) r+ 9,r

F,YA RYU P,YO
*pronunclatlon
&

SlPage
 t
A tr)
'i.5 -r!.
{...: ,''\ t

V \
,t/ \i
1
I

\-

) tJ

9lPage
 \

I
I

I
{

o
i , t 'la
::h
-'-t
* I

U
\
KA J fr "h, )
t
/t" I

l0 lPage
 t
\- KI \\

Kt,

I
L

F^

&
t I I
KE
rI
l $
I li

11 fPage
 \a.

\*
KIJ

I
t
\

.i t
$A
-1-
\ t
t

1
5t{r
I l*,

12 lPage
 I
9^
i ,

(F

I 1* I

5C)

13 lPage
a

ra

\
TA :l*
I
,
, I

cllr
I
.J. -r..

L
TsU.
)

14 lPage
 'tr'F
T

lI
,
TO b

r /*

15 lPage
 .u

I L. r{l L
I
I I

NU
k
t
r't

\
NE I
..i.. ..1..
I
'l ,iJ l::1{"
I

16 lPage
 NO

t, ir'

)
HA It {/ i I
I t i
-i-. ..i.,
t
a

t'* I j".

HI
(Jt
.f, t| !i.

lTlPage
 \

ri,.
t/ ), 5
FU 5
''1 .:t

71
HF

) ':Et
I
I I l(*
t l.- , *.1.-
i. :i." t j...

18 lPage
r

MI
k
,a?' -h -11.,

\
J.
MU L
t I

19 ll,age
 ME
\ e,)
I
!-+ ,i*-
:.I t

"{
t t
i
MO

1
t :I.
L) +)

YA
n
I

20 lPage
 YU

ij

&
I

V) RA
tv)
tt ir

21 lPage
 It
rI b),
al
t
I I
:
I

,I

I
\j

all &
1 I

L
i
nfr
,tr lr -t
,I
i.l l..r

22 lPage
 Rc)

:,

fti
-.:}

WA {
--.t
.{ J

:{
I

,
I
I

23 lFage
r

,/u
N

( " ) and ( o ) are used to change the foilowing characters

:

7rr I(A ---' /ri GA

c! SA ---+
e ZA
+-
TA -+ -la'
/L DA
tt HA j
rf, BA
IJ
t.t HA -) rf PA

i$\
Y?r

l{a
i.'"r
s-,
(
.i{
\rLr.r

Cr:
:;ii-

l&l
ri.*r
iGo

24lP.age
 { F"
a
t I

\- -%A

I ir
"/)l

[\

't.-
l.

,\\
I
*ZO

+ i\\
y*
I DA

+V
(

L
I $
\
!nr
l )t
( -f)r.

25 lPage
 l-+:-
tut
Y
\*
,$
v\ ) -rl
BL

1\
\,_
BE

) s :l

Iq h" I

rO
l-i
,t ......

q
tI DI
;.t:,..4; t -"il
\ o
t\

),
A
pIt

:x"{:'
i, pE

I#
{&
i

:i-

' it p(D ,
,t

26 lPage
Reading Fractice: Write the ff: in Romaji

,ITiT B
portcord
& Ilrl'__ A* j
watah.

3 D./r ii ( rfu i *rS

ffih rtudent jacket

I,IT AJ JP?.4- t>fc-l-

€r(am holiday I

l*13 /itr rtr (

flourcr/no* unlverulty work

tr'& : L,*.(o
male suhuay rain

L b ri't, tl_tt.tuDto i'fuI--*,

frienri Japahere nurfe
\!

I*l"S X(t,t -Ctutl

bookstore schedule phone

-iC*i/*
letter
/.nl*ly
bag
<fe+.
drugstore

ia-:
fever
t*r,.
uegerable
J*7r
eart

t.t, t S f*c
confermce sumnl€r pencll

2TlPage
Wbiting Practice: Write the ff. in l{iragana

KUDAMONO I{ASAMI
fruit
ONNA
scissor fernale

HONDANA MISE OI(ANE

Brtokhelf store money

HA5}.H KAZOKU .Sl.Ill\4BUN

br,ldg€/choprtlcks-- famity newrPaper
.TAKE
MADO TIUKUE
banrboo window desk

KISETSU NAMIDA HEYA

JeaJotl trEars room

}fifu\DA I(AMI MiZU

My Paper water

FUYI-' KODOMO tvtlCHl

winter chlld road

ONGAKU OTERA KJJRTJMA

rnuslc temple car

DAIDOKORO KIBUN SAKURA

tiltctren feeling Cherry bbfril---
KAZE . SAIFU HANASt
coldytind purre ftr€workr

HARU MONDAI sl{to

spting problem salt

28 lFage
 SPECIA[. SOUNDS

O LONG SOUhID

. DOUBLE CONSO!.|.{NT SOUND

o CONTRACTED SOUNT)

,, DEVOCAUZED SOUND

. N &M SOLJND

. JAPANESE MARKERS

o GREETINGS

29 lPage
7

I.oNG SOUNE)
. ln, lohg courd V \ &., roundr are entended

brrtl1 Errendedfound: ARI'$AT-@,

Sf ( ttrt Extended Sound: 6A,KUSEI

Banple:

[f]L BOU'HI hat

!
$ei SAISU sugar

firr< ,SUUCAKU .mathematics

StuI i GTNKOU bank
Z i 2-A/ EQUTN
park
L i lftu KOTJBAN potice box
E ).Eic DouBt fsU anirnal
lf &: i BANGOU number
tr;-s/"& i OBEN IOt) packed lunch
L. (,r: i 8' FilKOt Kt airplane
:)ri EAUEQU high schoo!
il..SI gGA movie
Ltvr $HHll porture

30 lPage
 DO UB tE Cffispp.ga;56,.four{E,

" ln doubter:onsonantsound. small I'c.l iraddedto @n onant

Bc.S Nonnat -r: I(IT5UPU

I c.5l Small -a; ,KIEPU

Example:

I*= l-J HAts&A af

**r KfEf. stamp
Jt io
E ?.t', KTEEU ticket
* ": 3 "r'/, Kl$fi:gE51 coffee shop
tcl} /, SEKElll sOap

S-: L zA,fi$flt, magazine

,i'):. i GAgg, school
t*':ff fu HA*EEM 8,000
ir= I GAKKT semester
v <>l-l sHtsKE humidity
Ir r=tiAz rBlBLrN I minute
l-l:tlt lv HAXIKEN discovery

31 lPage
 CONTIIACTED SOUNT)
. ln (tnltracted sound, t, l.} or t is added to a conjonant u.rlth L r

*. L, tr, l:, cI, it*, D c: ., 1". LT u

KI SHI CHI NI HI MI RI 6r JI BI pt

*i< Normal: Kl'yOKU

*r( Contracted: &YQKU

Exarnple:

-* rj )l,L,"t ,KYOUI(A$F{O textbook

;4't, iA IHAIN employee
-:+^ KOUCT{A
*/J\
tea
t:tu3I ? NINGYOU dolt
gtg ) trw
t.
FYSUttt hospitat
D'L\L+ KAISHA company
DLI JlfrQ dictionary
(r,,, L + DENSHA,
\-- train
l l- I D'/',, TOflIQKAN library
9r:) RYOKOU trip
I
't-ti@ SHOUYU ,soy rauce
tSor
)

YAfJUU lrasebafi

32 lPage
 DEVOCALIZED SOUND

:: *'1.*-f GOZAIMASU
D evoralized: OHAYOU GOZAIMA!

*8*f' KIKIMASU
D evocalized: KUMAS

Exarnple: ..

rf D E5U

Devocalized: DEI

t>rt'c (1, \ * 3- $UAKATTEIMASU

Devocalized: V/A KATT EMAS

ll-iz'BV\ 5 . ENSEI

Devocalizedr SENSE

CI OP i DT ( ILT RYUI,JGAI(uSEI

Deuocafized: RYUUGAKSE

* -r (V \*-d- MAITEIMASU
Devocatized : IvIATTEMAI

33 lPage
 N 6I M NASAi. SOUND

l{ ls pronounced as M if it follows B, M &p

Example:

N+B
Llv$)u SHIM BUN news paper
IttuJtl, HAMBUN half

N+M
fi\ h,E) fu GAMMEN face

N.* P

t'fuif t,. K AMPAI t oast

L/,lf,v' SHIM P,A!

N sounds'
& fuLL, ANSH IN
*"EII" KIBUN feeling
l*futr,' HANTAI opposite

34 lr'age
 MARKER'S t-J (WA), ^- (E) & e(O)

. SubJect Marker [t
This marker is written as tt (HA) but pronounced ay WA
birL It ,r(..rtv. Tf"
WATASHi .(HA) WA. GAKUSET DE5U. "l am a student."

o Destinatlon Marker ^
This marker iqwritten as .,- (l-tE) but pronounced ar E.

lCl*,L *f,
l,\3
N|H0N (HE)E IKIMASU.'
'*
'l willgo to Japan."'

r Object Marker rr
This object inarker shor.rld not be confuseri by the character *S.

f- L * Ic.,**f.
SUSHI YUO TABEMASLT. ..1will
eat sufii.-

GREETINGS

r $ome Japanese greetlngs with lt (HA) ending are pronoutrced ar r0UA.

35 lPager
 )
U
1. nOUruL HIRAGANA and KATAKANA Charr.

z. I{IRAGANA work sheets and quizzes

3.

4. HIRAGANA Review Quiz .

5. KATAKANA work sheets, small quizzes and rules. , . . .

6. KATAKANA quizzes . ..... .. ...

7. HIRAGANA and KATAKANA Review euiz .

8. Country and Capital . . .. . :

\._

3€ilPage
 RO[iIAJ IIIRAGANA and KATAKANA
A I U E o
a*tT i v. 4 ui, e olit
K ka S' /? ki 3+ ku<? keltf' ko :J
S sa3+t shi l- i sutz. se+t3 so 4 './
'r fa t:. , ctri h + tsu I 'Y te(7 toEl.
N na:ir nr t* nu*a7 ner;-+ noa./
H ha il hi ut: fu .i. 7 ho -\ holtfr
M mat? muA'/". mel.l./ 6t
yaft yu vt ,- YOIra
R rabT n t) ,)
ru $ tl, reltv ro4r,
W wab() oL?
n,nl k ?
n before b, m and p is pronounced likc ln

G ga bt lf gt3t suf2' gs lf go J
'/f
z z:<, 3" +)' .ri Vi zv' ze d -{: zot'/
D dat:Y ji 6f zu4'f detf do U' I."
B ba lJ ri bi L[ ki br-r "i,i 7 be -i ^i bo lI ,t
P pa {J ,i pi Lx- U pu ,i; A pe '\ '\: po lf, .tr

kya 5+ *t. kyu 5*l *- kyo *r +

"r3
sha L* y.Y shu Lrl '/.a. >e
cha bi, 'r+ ohtl t-* 4t, Aa
_n-y-a_ll + _:l_ nyu l! ,:a i- t nyo l: f r-. 3
hya Crt L"t hyu Uo L-,- hyo Ut L.s
mya /* + .:. t n1yr.l lt,, i. -= myo ,/"t i a
rva l)+ ,) t ryu l) ,l t) ,. ryo l)r t)a
Ilya 3't, {i r gJu 5rp {- gyo 5'r {,
ja ju
L l-r
bya L[r
),:
B'r
Ua )= jo Ur
byu L[ * L" -, byo t/r
)a
Hp
pya il*, Li+ pyu CNo U--
Foreign words representation by
she /a che *t Je 7t
tsa Yr tse Yt tso '2 t
ta 7y fi 7+ fe 7t fo /+
i-t I dyu 7 z-
wi ,l we et wo quo ?
va elr vi gt ve 7t vo ,7t

3TlPage
 HIRAGANA Ilr.4il..' /1, rt+
,z Pnnlint
*
C,
.-L f, , .t') f, l-
il' I )
l

a e) + I

,I,r ,.:tI (r*l

oo
I \\ U\ ti 1i Lr

u i oL
*2 -j

,)
-)

.,1
-)
I

aL- i
e 7 % I

I
,', aa

(, j'

o+Y^,
+-. -i.
J-r d.; '1- ) l')' ;i'; J,j
0 ,y)
( dc .I
t' J
.t -1. I

ka fr *r /t,
li
/ir
,ts-) \
/), '/t
'

ki
.3
5 @e;' 1\
,\-
:'

+ :l

ku ( K
(t (i it
tt rs t l+
I

ke
' .-\ r/ r"f

o5
I
ko @t*

tQUIZj Wbite the following words in hiragana.

aka ike (pond)

ao koe (voice)

aki (autumn) l8

eki (station) kaki

ika (squid) ot<ii (Uig)

kao (face) ue (on

38lPage
7

HIRAGANA KATAKANA U4h\,"\- /7f IJ+

o \
o-1, : -t
SA 3 C} '.
1
t -f

shi L
'L I t-

t..
l_

t_
L I

SU
f + o
--l--
li
rl
-l-.
,-J

f
,L
,J

',1'
9- 9

o€r -t.f -lrj-r- -fl

SC {- of[- -11 -l_f

.f
SO
-7
"(-
,t t 1.

TQUIZ]

asa (mornirrg) seki

sushi sake

shio ase (sweat)

J. /: -t-
/' *_
/:-
ta t: o
,{
I
'I
i.
o t- J. Ji- J-

chi
)

t:l o+-
A
!.1 L/ | '_)

*
t_ f-
i.t

'') ". ,,) - -...i

tsu ') % ,,|

*t

/tt I

te '( -?

o
Y ): ,!"
to L &
€)

'(

tQUrzl

ashita tokei (
chikatetsu (subway) kutsu (shoes)

keisatst.r (police) tako (octopus)

39 lPage
r

HIRAGANA KATAKANA O\L,lri-i il?hf

@^
na t. 'fjb
t,, /L
i' ri '1. I

I
J] I

o % l

nl {: I b- {
Ir I

.V;l ,I.: .t,l | ,vl .V.)

nu da &b r'i.t h' L..
o
ne @ta i't .tI ;i l. li1.. t't
tu,
lu *a rrJ
i;' ) c) (/) (/) 0)
no 0) d) . ,t't
L.'l fr
\_
lQttrzl
kono neko (this cat) ano sakana (that fish)
nanr what) (you)

tnu
niku (meat)

il. t,t ii ii l+

*W€I H 1* t,i tcl .t

i.l

N'r .ir ,\
hi L\ ("1.
"f .,
i
Lr,

fu t.) r .tE )\ \ )\ ) l

L 1.
:, t

he o/\
I

o@ lt i .L
ho It ffi r

l.
.i.

rt
{:i
IJ
,.t {li

tQUrzl T that the WA is H tho E is

fuku (clothes)

heso (navel) hako (box)

hoshi (star) fune

40 lPage
HIRAGANA KATAKANA a,\,r,rrt /tr, /tt-
(U
':t: t-

ma -s o..J-
oH
-i
t: 1.
t-
_t

-:i.
.+ :t'
:t
cr

ml /* "af /*

+) J' +, t' t-'

'il- ;l' :.
1) t,, V:
mu Q--r rl
d. ,{-

tli .lr tt ,\A Mr

me V) k3 -
d")

ilj ET] dtri

r)
1-
L
,)
-i
{,
+ t
mo 'f.) 3+, .t
-1 , 1 T.

leLrrzl
ame (rain) meishi card)
mtso mushi

namae (narne) moshi moshi (Hello)

@@ -\" )
{' {r *-:)
t)
ya tb o{p tl.i p.r

w
t')) {.p i'i) i,l) lD
yu vp
+ I ,+,

yo F
cr\ t(
o
1-
I .I I l-
t-\

f.
,I t.
--+ f

IQUIZI

yasLlmt (day o'ff) fuyu (winter)

vuki ya[<iniku

ll Note that rl and ir are

yurnef (famous) kino

"nqyr--- _[g!gf"rp.d__
yofuku (Westem kcko (higlrsohool)

41 lPage
r

HIRAGANA KATAKANA ()4i1*nn. /t t l;-r

o\ i,
ra ,- *b) L.) L.) 1,,

l-1

n t1
o@
L)
ri r7 i1 l) rll
It (l
I

,6 -,) ;:)
.? -:/

4 "! rr l
ru
o
,ll I
+17
re kL 'fu *r
1'
,i't
,h*
,i'L

*-*_
,IL ;i l.

,4 ,) -i'
..) z)
4
r.-) 7..

ro J
.,t,
t1 !

L
o
'h t f, I,
I ,)
4'j -ll
WA +) -t, tr't .f-.i

o t *. i'}:
,,r, 'r!

/u tv I

"D,ffi /, /:, /'- j", !*t.

tQUrzl I Note that the Ois ,r

t)
kor€ (this) yakitori

sore (that) rosoku dle)

\* sayonara rvatashi (l)

haru (spring) mikan (tangerine)

yoru (night) sumtmasan (sorry)

kuruma (car) sentaku (washing)

TQUIZ] - Similar characters (write rhe following characters in hiragana.)

a/o h.i/sa chi/ra ta/na

me/nu t/n ma/mo ru/ro
ke,/lny'ho wa/ra/ne

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HIRAGANA KATAKANA U,i,hIL, fiYfi+

ga tr ./) \
/i{
tQUrzl
si { 5' mado (window)
gu ("
ge tf if (f rnada (not yet)
go
Sugoi desune! (Great!)
za { ltr
I

Jr U L li Diizo yoroshiku.
zu j ,} d

ze it -tt' .tf'
Arigato gozaimasu..
zo 4^
). ?+

Hq.jirno mashite.
da /' t.)
ji +" +"
'.,1
L'-)
denwa (telerrhone)
zu 2 ')
de -'n
--,r*],,
Komban f;.
do L" v'' l/
iL

shimburr (newspaper)
ba {J i,r I
I
bi /ri / ri'
irti tomodachi (friend)
bu r,\ r J l

\ be Ginza
bo (r i1 t:t
ginko (bank)
pa {J: t+'

pi U U (
Omedeto gozaimasu.
pu ,Jr )\ i

pe ,-{ "i Kanpai! (Cheers!)

po (1 ii.

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HIRAGANA KATAKANA {.i' t. i;rl II y II 'r

kya gya -\-.'

kvu .. ,} tl r
i--
gytr t,
kvo
;JT I
tt
gyo I

sha L" I---

ja l*o I

shu L* ju Ll*
sho iI I l! jo lr
Lr
+
cha D+ tt
:t nya l- {' tl
.L lt
chu b', nyu t _fD
I

cho Lrr
-1-
it nyo I --I i'r
hya CA *' t tva (,A'o l..r
hyu LA ,, bvu ()',,
hvo Llr bvo [/i t I

pya 0'* rnya /**

pyu (N,, ll
l! myu An, tl
pyo LA" * myo &,t
I
rlla t1

I !---
ryu ) rT

I
ryo ) t

tQUrz]
\ fofv" .iusho (address)
kaisha (company) Ja mata.
kanojo (she) kyuryo (salary)

okyakusan (guast) Shinjuku

shumatsu (wcakend) shashin (photo)

sanbyakuen (Y3fr)) chikaryiri (Chinese food)

shukudai (homework) gohyakr.ron (Y500)

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 HIRAGANT\ KATAKANA I^ r)' /t *r rt ? fi +

(t).Lone vowels
I 5 is represented by adrling #,

okisan (mother) b h, iyl ,1,, rnami (so-so)

I ii and i are represented by adding i,.
orriisan (older brother) h i: r' :: ,,(,. ojiisan,/ojisan (grarrdfather)

'l i is represented by adding i .

yugata (early evening) O :i hr L. ch[goku (China)

k[ki (air) taifu (typhoon)
6 is represented by adding a in the words of Japanese origin.

on6san (oider sister) t.; b. i- : iv

f ei is written in z- r. in the rryorcjs of Chinese origin.

Eieo (English) i.\_:: . yurnei (famous)

sensei (teacher) gakusei (studnet)

tr 6 is'represented by adrline i ,
say6nara 3 I i t' i. by6in (hospital) - ky6 (today)
Domo arigat6 gozaimasu.

I Irr som'e words it: is traditionally rvritten in 6

6t<ii (uis) *i *-> 5 \'. to (terr) t6ri (street)

€) Double consonants
I Double consortants (kk, pp, ss, andtt) are represented by small -. As small - indicates
a one-syllable pause, the mouth prepares for the pronunciation of the next syllable.

gakko (school) ;ir.- : i . ikkai (o4oe)

ikko (one small objecO _-, roppyakuen (y600)

juppun (10 min.) kippu (ticket)

zasshi (magazine) issatsu (one book)

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HIRAGANA KATAKANA 0\ L, i{r*. fi ? /7 +

Irasshaimaso kitte (stamp)

Itte rasshai. (So long)

Chotto matte kudasai.

(iambatte kurjasai.

(3) ji and zu are usually written in I and f In few cases, they are tra,ditionally written
in ti and 4.

sanjj (S:fi))

chizu (map) ,r mlzu

(+) w& using as a particle is written in (1, not 1;.

Kyo wa doy6bi desu (Today is Saturday.) i * i ll L.t i al-(.-t,
'
Watashi wa niho{in desu. (l'm Japanese.)

Watashi Wa rrihoqiin deurq arimasen. (ltm not Japanese.)

(6) t, no,t H.
.i u*ine as a particle is written ln

Osake o nomimasu, (i dr:ink sake.) il j li t fi &- t. f e

Soro o misete kudasai. (Please show me that.)

Kore g kudasai. (Please give me that.)

(6) e using as a particle is written in .r, not i-.

Shibuya e ikimasu. (l'm goingto Shibuya.) L,;:t,. \,5 t -f
"
Doko e ikimasuka. ($lhere are you going?)

Ky<ito e ihimasu. ([m going to Ky6to.)

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