11-1
Cross Sections and Solids of Revolution
Determine the shape of each cross section 3. plane at an angle relative to the base through opposite
formed by the intersection of the described faces
plane with the solid.
1. plane perpendicular to the base
SOLUTION:
A plane at an angle relative to the base through
opposite faces will intersect 4 faces, any two
SOLUTION: adjacent of which are perpendicular to each other. So
the cross section is a rectangle.
A plane perpendicular to the bases will intersect both
bases on a straight line and the curved edge on two ANSWER:
parallel lines. The resulting cross section is a
rectangle
rectangle.
Describe the three-dimensional solid generated
ANSWER:
by rotating each two-dimensional shape around
rectangle
the given axis.
4. rectangle
2. plane parallel to the base
SOLUTION:
Rotating a rectangle around a line that is along one of
its sides will yield a cylinder.
ANSWER:
SOLUTION: cylinder
A plane parallel to the base of a triangular prism will
intersect a cross section that is the same shape as its 5. circle
bases. So the cross section is a triangle.
ANSWER:
triangle
SOLUTION:
Rotating a circle around a line which it does not
intersect will create a shape like a donut, which in
math is called a torus.
ANSWER:
torus (donut)
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1
11-1 Cross Sections and Solids of Revolution
6. triangle 8. plane at an angle relative to the base that intersects
the base
SOLUTION:
Rotating a right triangle around a line along one of its
legs will create a right cone, where one leg is the
radius and the other leg is the height of the cone. SOLUTION:
A plane at an angle relative to the base that intersects
ANSWER: the base of a rectangular pyramid will make a cross
cone section that has four sides. The cross section will
have one pair of parallel sides (the side along the
Determine the shape of each cross section base of the pyramid and the opposite side along one
formed by the intersection of the described triangular face) and one pair of sides that are not
plane with the solid. parallel along two opposite triangular faces. So, the
7. plane at an angle relative to the bases that does not cross section is a trapezoid.
intersect either base
ANSWER:
trapezoid
9. angled plane that intersects the sphere
SOLUTION:
A plane at an angle relative to the bases that does not
intersect either base will intersect only the lateral
face of the cylinder. Since it is not parallel to either SOLUTION:
base, and does not intersect either base, the shape of Any plane that intersects a sphere in more than one
the cross section must be an ellipse. point will intersect the sphere with a cross section
that is a circle.
ANSWER:
ellipse ANSWER:
circle
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 2
11-1 Cross Sections and Solids of Revolution
Describe the three-dimensional solid generated that the slices form each shape.
by rotating each two-dimensional shape around a. rectangle
the given axis. b. triangle
c. trapezoid
10.
SOLUTION:
Rotating a two dimensional arc around a line will
create a hemisphere with a hemisphere cut out. This
creates a bowl shape. SOLUTION:
a. The cheese slice is in the shape of a triangular
ANSWER: prism. The front, right or left view of the cheese slice
bowl shape is a rectangle. So, to get a rectangular shape for the
slice, one should cut it vertically.
11. rectangle
SOLUTION:
A rectangle that is rotated around a line parallel to
one of its sides that does not intersect the rectangle b. The top view of the cheese slice is a triangle. So,
will create a cylinder with a cylinder cut out of its to get a triangular shape for the slice, one should cut
center. This could be called an open cylinder, or a it horizontally.
tube.
ANSWER:
open cylinder (tube)
12. exponential function
c. The right or left view of the cheese slice is a
rectangle. So, to get a trapezoidal shape for the slice,
SOLUTION:
one should cut it at an angle.
The figure that is rotated around the line has two radii
which create circles at each end, and between them
there is a curve which is not a straight line, so this is
not the frustum of a cone, but a shape with a lateral
face that curves like a bell or the end of a horn like a
trumpet or trombone.
ANSWER:
horn shape
13. FOOD Describe how the cheese can be sliced so ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3
11-1 Cross Sections and Solids of Revolution
a. slice vertically 16. If a plane intersects with a cube at a vertex of the
b. slice horizontally cube, what is the shape of the cross section? Explain
c. slice at an angle your answer.
SOLUTION:
Describe each cross section.
a triangle; Three faces of the cube meet to form the
vertex, so the cross section is a two-dimensional
figure with three sides.
ANSWER:
a triangle; Three faces of the cube meet to form the
14. vertex, so the cross section is a two-dimensional
figure with three sides.
SOLUTION:
17. UFO Tanya has a model of a UFO. Sketch a two-
dimensional figure that could be rotated around an
axis to produce a three-dimensional solid similar to
the model. See the model on page 799.
SOLUTION:
A two-dimensional figure that could make the UFO
A vertical plane will cut the sphere into two parts model by a rotation would look like half of the picture.
with a cross section of a circle. Something like the figure below should produce the
model.
ANSWER:
circle
15.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
Sample answer:
A horizontal plane passing through the vertex will cut
the cone into two parts with a cross section of a
triangle.
ANSWER:
triangle
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4
11-1 Cross Sections and Solids of Revolution
18. DESIGN Describe how you could create a tube with SOLUTION:
a length of 10 inches, a diameter of 2 inches, and a a. To get a circle, you want to make a cut parallel to
thickness of inch by rotating a 2-D figure around the bases of the cylinder.
an axis. Make a sketch and label it.
SOLUTION:
Take a rectangle 10 inches long and one-quarter inch
wide and rotate it around a horizontal axis, with the
outer edge of the rectangle at a distance of 1 inch
from the axis.
ANSWER: b. To get a longer rectangle, you want to make a cut
Take a rectangle 10 inches long and one-quarter inch along the length of the cylinder, through the center.
wide and rotate it around a horizontal axis, with the
outer edge of the rectangle at a distance of 1 inch
from the axis.
c. To get an oval, you want to make a cut along an
angle to the cylinder, but don't cut through either
19. POTTERY A potter creates three-dimensional base.
objects by shaping the clay as it spins on a potter’s
wheel. Describe the line or curve that
could be rotated around a vertical axis to produce the
vase shown on page 799.
SOLUTION:
Sample answer: The curve would have the same
shape as the edge of the vase. The curve would look
like the letter S stretched vertically.
ANSWER:
Sample answer: The curve would have the same
shape as the edge of the vase. The curve would look
like the letter S stretched vertically.
20. COOKIES Michelle is making cookies with a d. To get a shorter rectangle, you want to make a
cylindrical roll of cookie dough. Describe how she cut along the length of the cylinder, but don't cut
can cut the cookie dough to make each shape.
through the center.
a. circle
b. longest rectangle
c. oval
d. shorter rectangle
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 5
11-1 Cross Sections and Solids of Revolution
atoms are arranged in regular geometrical patterns.
Sketch a cross section from a horizontal slice of each
crystal. Then describe the rotational symmetry about
the vertical axis.
a. tetragonal
ANSWER:
a. Make a vertical cut.
b. Make a horizontal through the center of the bases.
c. Make a diagonal cut not through the bases.
d. Make a horizontal cut not through the center of the b. hexagonal
bases.
21. ART A piece of clay in the shape of a rectangular
prism is cut in half as shown at the right.
a. Describe the shape of the cross section.
b. Describe how the clay could be cut to make the c. monoclinic
cross section a triangle.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
a. a.
The cross section from a horizontal slice will look just
like the top view of the figure, which appears to be a
square.
The front view of the prism is a rectangle, so when it
is cut vertically, the cross section will be a rectangle.
Like all squares, a 90° rotation will produce an image
b. identical to the preimage. The crystal appears the
same for every 90° rotation about the axis.
b. The cross section from a horizontal slice will look
just like the top view of the figure, which appears to
be a regular hexagon.
Three edges meet at each vertex. So, if you cut off a
corner of the clay, you get a triangular cross section.
ANSWER:
a. rectangle Like all regular hexagons, a 60° rotation will produce
b. Cut off a corner of the clay. an image identical to the preimage. The crystal
appears the same for every 60° rotation about the
22. EARTH SCIENCE Crystals are solids in which the
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 6
11-1 Cross Sections and Solids of Revolution
axis. 24. CRITIQUE ARGUMENTS Ellen says that if you
slice a sphere at an angle, you get an elliptical cross
c. The cross section from a horizontal slice will look section. Is she correct? Explain your answer.
just like the top view of the figure, which appears to
be a rectangle with 2 triangular endpoints.
The crystal appears the same for every 180° rotation
about the axis.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
No, the cross section of a sphere is always a circle,
a. not an ellipse.
ANSWER:
No, the cross section of a sphere is always a circle,
not an ellipse.
The crystal appears the same for every 90° rotation
about the axis.
b.
The crystal appears the same for every 60° rotation
about the axis.
c.
The crystal appears the same for every 180° rotation
about the axis.
23. Which of the following chess pieces can be created
by rotating a two-dimensional figure around a vertical
axis?
SOLUTION:
Only the pawn, bishop, queen, and rook have
rotational symmetry around a line.
ANSWER:
pawn, bishop, queen, and rook
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 7
11-1 Cross Sections and Solids of Revolution
25. REASONING If you slice off the top of a cone, you 26. CHALLENGE If you slice a cone parallel to the
are left with a truncated cone. What two- base, the cross section is a circle. If the plane cuts at
dimensional figure could be rotated around the axis to an angle through both sides of the cone, the cross
produce a truncated cone? Name and sketch the section is an ellipse. What if the plane cuts at an
figure. angle through the side of the cone and through the
base of the cone? How are such cross sections
different from a circle or an ellipse? Research conic
sections and describe each cross section of a cone in
terms of the features of each conic section.
SOLUTION:
The top and bottom of the truncated cone are circles,
which must be represented as straight lines
perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Since the top
circle is smaller than the bottom circle, one side of the
figure should be a diagonal line that connects the top
and bottom, the other side should be vertical along the
axis.
SOLUTION:
The figure described is a right trapezoid like below.
Sample answer: If the plane cuts at an angle through
the base the cross section includes a straight line
along the base, so the cross section cannot be a circle
or ellipse. If the plane is at an angle, the curved edges
will make part of a parabola. If the plane is
perpendicular to the base, the curved edge will make
ANSWER: part of a hyperbola.
a right trapezoid
ANSWER:
Sample answer: If the plane cuts at an angle through
the base the cross section includes a straight line
along the base, so the cross section cannot be a circle
or ellipse. If the plane is at an angle, the curved edges
will make part of a parabola. If the plane is
perpendicular to the base, the curved edge will make
part of a hyperbola.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 8
11-1 Cross Sections and Solids of Revolution
Describe each cross section.
29.
27.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: The base of the cone is a circle. So, a plane parallel
A vertical plane will cut the prism into two parts with to the base will give a cross section of a circle.
a cross section of a rectangle.
ANSWER:
ANSWER: circle
rectangle
28. 30.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
The bases of the prism are hexagons. So, a plane A vertical plane will cut the pyramid into two parts
parallel to the base will give a cross section of a with a cross section of a triangle.
hexagon.
ANSWER: ANSWER:
hexagon triangle
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 9
11-1 Cross Sections and Solids of Revolution
31. Which of the following three-dimensional solids can 33. Eduardo has a piece of wood in the shape of a square
be generated by rotating a two-dimensional figure pyramid. The sides of the base are 6 inches long.
around an axis? Eduardo cuts the pyramid with a single straight cut
parallel to the base. Which of the following
A pyramid statements about the cross section must be true?
B banana
C cube A The cross section is a square with an area less
D egg than 36 in².
B The cross section is a square with an area of 36
SOLUTION: in².
A pyramid and a cube do not have rounded edges so C The cross section is a triangle with an area less
they can be eliminated. than 36 in².
A banana does not have rotational symmetry around D The cross section is a triangle with an area of 36
an axis. in².
An egg does have rotational symmetry around an
axis.
SOLUTION:
The correct choice is D. Visualize a square pyramid with a plane passing
through it which is parallel to the base of the pyramid.
ANSWER: The cross section formed would be the green square
D shown in the figure below.
32. Which of the following shapes could not be a cross
section of the prism?
A octagon
The area of the base of the pyramid is or 36 in².
B pentagon
Any square formed by the cross section of this
C rectangle
pyramid, that isn't the base, will have a smaller area
D triangle
than the base since the lateral faces of the pyramid
SOLUTION: slope in until they meet at the Vertex. Therefore, the
An octagon cannot be the cross section of a correct choice is A.
rectangular prism, because a rectangular prism has
ANSWER:
only 6 faces and an octagon has 8 sides.
A
The correct choice is A. 34. What shape is generated by rotating a rectangle
around an axis parallel to one of its sides?
ANSWER:
A SOLUTION:
Rotating a rectangle around a line parallel to one of
its sides will create a cylinder or a cylindrical tube.
ANSWER:
cylinder
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 10
11-1 Cross Sections and Solids of Revolution
35. Describe how to generate a torus, or donut shape,
with an outside radius of 6 inches.
SOLUTION:
To make a torus or a donut shape consider what its
cross section looks like, which is two circles.
Rotate a circle around an axis. The outer edge of the
circle should be 6 inches from the axis. a. The pyramid is intersected by a plane
perpendicular to the base of the pyramid and through
ANSWER: the vertex. Determine the shape of the cross section.
Rotate a circle around an axis. The outer edge of the
circle should be 6 inches from the axis. b. What is the area of the cross section?
36. Describe how to generate a tube with the following
dimensions: c. A plane parallel to the base of the pyramid
intersects the pyramid at a height of 12 centimeters.
length = 20 feet Determine the shape of the cross section.
diameter = 8 inches
thickness = 0.5 inches d. What is the area of the cross section?
SOLUTION: e . A third plane intersects the pyramid at an angle. It
To make a tube that is 20 feet long with a diameter of goes through one face of the pyramid at a height of
8 inches and a thickness of 0.5 inches, start with a 12 centimeters, and it intersects theedge of the
rectangle with ℓ = 20 feet and w = 0.5 inch. Rotate opposite side of the base. Determine the shape of the
the rectangle about an axis 4 inches from the outer cross section.
edge of the rectangle.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER: a. The shape of the cross section with a plane
Start with a rectangle with ℓ = 20 feet and w = 0.5 intersecting the pyramid perpendicular to the base
inch. Rotate the rectangle about an axis 4 inches and through the vertex will make a triangle with the
from the outer edge of the rectangle. slant height as two sides and the other side is part of
the base.
37. Describe two ways to intersect a solid with a plane to b. The area of that triangle is (0.5)(24 cm)(24 cm) =
produce a cross section that is a trapezoid.
288 cm2
SOLUTION: c. The shape of a cross section parallel to the base 12
Sample answer: A plane intersects a square pyramid centimeters above the base will be a square.
at an angle through opposite faces. d. That square will have sides that are 12 centimeters
A plane intersects a triangular pyramid at an angle long, because the base and height of the pyramid are
through one lateral face and through the base. congruent, so the area is:
(12 cm)(12 cm) = 144 cm2
ANSWER: e . The shape of the cross section with a plane at an
Sample answer: A plane intersects a square pyramid angle that intersects the middle of one lateral face
at an angle through opposite faces. and the base will be a trapezoid, because it has two
A plane intersects a triangular pyramid at an angle parallel faces that are not of equal length.
through one lateral face and through the base.
38. MULTI-STEP The figure below is a square pyramid ANSWER:
with a height of 24 centimeters and a base length of a. triangle
24 centimeters.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 11
11-1 Cross Sections and Solids of Revolution
b. 288 cm2
c. square
d. 144 cm2
e . trapezoid
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 12
