LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 1 & 2 (GRADE 8)

Science 8 - Quarter 1
Name:_____________________________________________ Grade & Section: ____________________________
LESSON 1: FORCE
Force can be operationally defined based on observed effects. This means that a force can be described in terms of
what it does. However, forces do not always cause motion. It does not necessarily follow that forces acting on an
object will always cause it to move.
What can forces do? Forces can produce changes in motion. What are these changes in motion

Most of the motions we come across in our daily life are caused primarily by FORCE.
To better understand the topic, perform the simple activities that follow:

Activity 1. Effect of force on a ball (encircle the letter of your answer)

You need to be familiar with the following terms: 

magnitude – refers to the size or strength of the force. It is commonly expressed in Newton (N) for
Meter-Kilogram-Second (MKS) system. In the International System of Units (SI), Newton is
commonly used which is named after Sir Isaac Newton, an English physicist and
mathematician.
direction – points to where the object goes. The direction of the arrowhead indicates the direction of
the force. The length of the arrow represents the amount of force (relative magnitude). 
point of application – the location of where the force is applied. 
line of action – is the straight line passing through the point of application and is parallel to the
direction of force.

There are two types of force, namely:

Contact forces – forces where objects touch or contact with each other.
Examples of contact forces:
1.Applied – a force given to a person or object by another person or object. Its symbol is F depending on
who or what applies force to the object.
2. Friction – is the force acting against or opposite an object in contact with which makes the movement
of the object slow down. Friction always opposes the motion of an object.
3. Normal – is the force that acts perpendicular to the surface of the object in contact with.
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4. Tension – is the force applied to string, rope, chain or cable. Its symbol is T.

Non-contact forces – forces where objects do not touch or contact with each other. These forces act
over a zone or area called field. Examples of non-contact forces:
Gravitational (Fg) – is the force of attraction between two objects. In the case of the Earth, this gravitational force
causes objects to fall down to the ground. It makes satellites and smaller objects stay in orbit near the more massive
planets.
Magnetic– are forces exerted on a field of attraction or repulsion as in the case of magnets and other magnetic
materials. Magnets and magnetic materials have two poles – the north and south poles.
Balanced Forces
To describe a force, you must know two things. You must know the magnitude and the direction of the force.

Unbalanced Forces
When you push a table and then it moves, unbalanced forces are present. Forces that cause a change in the motion of
an object are unbalanced forces.

Net or Resultant Force

In an object, there may be several forces acting on it. Net force or resultant force is the sum of all forces acting on
an object.

Activity 2. Balance of forces

Objectives:

After performing this activity, you should be able to:

1. Examine the situation when the forces are balanced; and 2. Explain the effect of balanced forces on the state of
motion of an object. Materials:
Pictures

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Underline your answer from the parenthesis
1. If two groups in the game are exerting equal and opposite forces on the rope, will the rope move (YES or NO)?

2. In the same condition, what happens to the net force acting on the rope? (equals to one, equals to zero)
3. What are the forces present on the rope? (refer to figure A for your answers)
a. _____________________________________ b. __________________________________
4. Refer to Figure 19. If you place a ball on the floor then push it gently to one side, observe the motion of the ball as
it rolls down the floor.

a. What makes the ball stop rolling after sometime? (Choose your answer from figure 19) __________________

b. What are the four forces that act on the ball? (Find your answer in Figure 19 a.) _______________ b.)
______________c.) _______________ d.)___________

LESSON 2: Newton’s Three Laws of Motion

What is common in the situations above?

Activity 1: Locate and circle the 15 words in the grid. Words appear straight across, up, down and
diagonally. Be guided with the words you are to locate inside the box at the right side.

First Law of Motion: LAW OF INERTIA

law of inertia, states that, “an object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move at
constant velocity unless acted upon by a net force.” Mass is a measure of the inertia of an object. The greater the
mass of an object, the harder it is to move when it is at rest, or difficult to stop when in motion.

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Activity 2. Newton’s First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)
In your answer sheet, match the pictures to the explanations found below. Write the letter of the correct answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The body will continue to move and so it will move forward until something will stop it. ___
2. As you hold on the handle, the force exerted by the train through the handle gives your body forward velocity. ___
3. Your body has inertia, and so a force is needed to change its velocity. The train floor accelerates your feet but your
body falls backward. ___

SECOND LAW: LAW OF ACCELERATION

The second law of motion is the law of acceleration which states that “the acceleration of an object is directly
proportional to the net force acting on it and is inversely proportional to the object’s mass. The direction of the
acceleration is in the direction of the net force acting on the object.”
Newton’s second law of motion is expressed through the equation: ∑𝐹 ⃗ = 𝑚𝑎 ⃗
Sample problem 1.
A 1000.0 kg truck is traveling at an acceleration of 4.5000 m/s2, East. Find the net force needed to accelerate the
truck.
Given: 𝑎 ⃗ = 4.5000 m/s2, East
𝑚 = 1000.0 𝑘𝑔
Find ∑𝐹 ⃗.
Solution:
∑𝐹 ⃗ = 𝑚𝑎 ⃗
∑𝐹 ⃗ = (1000.0 𝑘𝑔)(4.5000 m/s2) = 4500.0 𝑘𝑔 ∙ m/s2 𝑜𝑟 4500.0 𝑁, East.

Activity 3: Newton’s Second Law of Motion (Law of Acceleration)

Read the situation and analyze the pictures. Write your answer on the space provided on the number.

Mario and Alex are on a trip to Dakak Beach Resort, Dapitan City Suddenly the car runs out of fuel then stops. Alex
volunteers to push the car to the side of the road. He pushes it hard, but he cannot barely move the car. A bystander
helps him then the car accelerates.

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Questions: Underline your correct answer.
1. How do you compare the applied forces to the cars in both pictures? Car A has (less, more, equal) than Car B
2. Why does the car in Picture B accelerate? (More force, less force, equal force)
3. What is the relationship between net force and acceleration based on the situation? (inversely proportional, directly
proportional, equal)

3rd LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF INTERACTION

The third law of motion is the law of interaction which states that “for every action, there is always an equal and
opposite reaction.” Always remember that in this law, forces always come in pairs. These are called action and reaction
forces, and they do not act on the same body.

Activity 3. Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Identify the action-reaction forces in each picture. The first picture is done for you. Write your answers on TABLE
BELOW.

Also note that;

The Force of Gravity or Weight
In one of Galileo’s experiments, objects dropped near the surface of the Earth would fall with the same acceleration, if
air resistance is neglected. This acceleration is denoted by 𝒈 ⃗ ⃗⃗ with an approximate value of 9.8 m/s2 or 980 cm/ s2
or 32 ft/s2. The force that causes this acceleration is called the force of gravity or gravitational force

The force acts vertically downward toward the center of the Earth. The gravitational force on an object, 𝑭 ⃗ ⃗⃗𝒈,can be
expressed as
𝐹⃗𝑔=𝑚𝑔⃗
The magnitude of the force of gravity on an object, mg, is called the object’s weight, symbolized by the letter W.
When a person’s mass is 40 kg, the computed weight is 392 N (multiply the mass to g = 9.8 m/s2) on Earth. His
weight differs when he is on other planets and satellites like the Moon.
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LONG QUIZ: FOR LESSON 1 & 2
Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.

_____1. Which law states that forces act with equal magnitude and in opposite direction?
A. Law of Inertia B. Law of Interaction C. Law of Acceleration D. Law of Gravitational Force
_____2. For every _________ there is an equal and opposite ___________.
A. action, action B. reaction, action C. action, reaction D. reaction, reaction
_____3. What Newton’s law of motion requires the use of seat belt in cars?
A. Law of Inertia B. Law of Interaction C. Law of Acceleration D. Law of Universal Gravitation
_____4. Which of the following phenomena applies the first law of motion?
A. A leaf sways back and forth falling from a tree.
B. When a ball falls on the floor, the ball bounces back up.
C. When pushed with the same force, a car accelerates slower than a grocery cart.
D. When a cardboard with coin on top is suddenly pulled, the coin falls into the glass.
_____5. According to the second law of motion, the net force is the product of mass and acceleration. Which
of the following has the greatest acceleration?
A.) A 5.000 kg stone pulled with a 10 N net force.
B.) A 0.5000 kg toy car is pulled with a 9 N net force.
C.) A 7.000 kg metal ball is pushed by a 17 N net force.
D.) A 500.0 kg truck accelerated by 1000 N net force from its engine.
______6. In a grocery store, you can easily push a cart with 5 kg sack of rice than a cart with a 10 kg sack of rice
to the counter. Which of these explains the situation?
A. Law of Inertia B. Law of Interaction C. Law of Acceleration D. Law of Universal Gravitation
_____7. Which is NOT a unit of force? A. Dyne B. Joules C. Newton D. Pound
_____8. What refers to how large or strong is the force?
A. magnitude B. line of action C. velocity of the object D. direction of the force
_____9. What force is always directed opposite to the motion of an object?
A. Friction B. Gravitational C. Magnetic D. Tension
_____10. What force pulls an object back to the Earth?
A. Applied B. Gravitational C. Magnetic D. Tension

Prepared by: Mam Jen Laguna & Sir Arnold Pagente

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