PHILOSOPHIES OF

BUSINESS PRACTICES
for Business Ethics and Social Responsibility
Senior High School (ABM)
Quarter 1 / Week 5

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 FOREWORD

Learning in true sense requires individual guidance, personal attention

and overall individual efforts of the learners. Self-Learning Kit may prove to be a
boon for students due to their enriched features. Students become independent
thinkers and learn to accept responsibility.
This gives students the opportunity to develop work ethics, knowledge and
help inculcate self-study habits and self-confidence among students which are
very much essential to enhance learning.
This Self Learning Kit (SLK) in Business Ethics and Social Responsibility is
designed to help students understand learning from classical philosophies
standpoint. It focuses on the classical philosophies implication to business
practices used in explaining how and why entrepreneurs learn and explore how
these philosophies would apply to business settings.
It is aligned with the BEC of the Department of Education following the
prescribed MELCs (Most Essential Learning Competencies.
It has the following features proven to be valuable aids to learning
Business Ethics and Social Responsibility even at home.

What happened?
This section contains pre-activities like review of the prior knowledge, a
flashback of the previous discussion and pre-test.

What I Need To Know? (Discussion)

This section includes the illustration of the different philosophies and the
respective classical philosophers reflected into business practices. Each one is
properly illustrated and well-labelled as it gives example that clearly emphasizes
the applicability of the philosophies to business concept.

What Have I Learned? (Evaluation/Post Test)

The exercises contained in this section are guaranteed to build business
comprehension, skills, and competence. These serve as a diagnostic tool to
identify the learners’ areas of strengths and difficulties.

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 OBJECTIVES:
K. Identify philosophies in business,
S. Discuss the implications of the philosophies in business to
business principles and practices, and
A. Appreciate the application of classical philosophies as
they relate in today’s business setting

LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Illustrate how these philosophies are reflected into business

practices (ABM_ESR12-IIIe-h-2.1).

I. What Happened
PRE-TEST:
Word Hunt! In your activity notebook find and list down10 business classical
philosophies and business-related words.

A F U Y R E G D E L R C X B I
B Y T L D E S Z Q K J O B U H
O T V I R T U E A O F N T S R
O I L V E N T O R Y X F X I E
K L I O N E Y Q R A N U Y N S
N A I S A T I L I T U C O E O
E B A X C V I B T N M U S S R
E A R L K J H N G F D I T S S
P I I W R T U Y A M H S F E C
H L U W D O V G S N H I O T I
I E A S O C R A T E S R H H H
L X N T V D E F E H S I S I T
O H A K O S U G T S V G A C E
S L L O S S E K F S V V C S Y
O E Q S C I H T E E U T R I V
P C A S H I N H H S K R G B Z
H U T I L I T A R I A N I S M
Y K Z A D F E G H R T Y D C M
E G N I A A R I S T O T L E A

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II. What You Need to Know
DISCUSSION:

THE CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHIES AND THEIR IMPLICATION ON BUSINESS

A. The Golden Rule by Confucius

“Life is really simple, but we insist on making it
complicated”-Confucius
Confucius (551 BC–479 BC) was a Chinese
philosopher and politician of the Spring and Autumn
period.
The philosophy of Confucius, also known
as Confucianism, emphasized personal and
governmental morality, correctness of social
relationships, justice, kindness, and sincerity. His followers competed successfully
with many other schools during the Hundred Schools of Thought era only to
be suppressed in favor of the Legalists during the Qin dynasty. Following the
victory of Han over Chu after the collapse of Qin, Confucius's thoughts received
official sanction in the new government and were further developed into a
system known in the West as Neo-Confucianism, and later New Confucianism
(Modern Neo-Confucianism).
Confucius's principles have commonality with Chinese tradition and belief.
He championed strong family loyalty, ancestor veneration, and respect of
elders by their children and of husbands by their wives, recommending family as
a basis for ideal government. He espoused the well-known principle "Do not do
unto others what you do not want done to yourself", the Golden Rule. He is also
a traditional deity in Daoism.
Confucius is widely considered as one of the most important and
influential individuals in human history. His teaching and philosophy greatly
impacted people around the world and remain influential today. To Confucius,
the ideal person is a scholar bureaucrat, not a successful entrepreneur. His (or
her) priority should be on serving society at large, not on making personal gains
and profit. Does this suggest that Confucian values are completely irrelevant to
modern entrepreneurial development?
It has been argued that Confucian values such as obedience, respect for
authority and emotional control are not naturally compatible components of a
common entrepreneurial standard, however;
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(1) These and other Confucian values can play a positive role in entrepreneurial
prosperity for China and the rest of the world if applied correctly. Confucian
entrepreneurs can be defined as those who apply traditional Chinese cultural
values in respect to maintaining the moral beliefs of Confucianism in all aspects
of business practice. Though sometimes Confucianism is viewed as hostile to
entrepreneurship, it has played a vital role in the study of Confucian
entrepreneurs “as it initially meant intellectuals and has served as a set of
political ideas practiced within a hierarchy of ethical obligations to family and
community.”
(2) Confucian values were applicable to positive interpersonal relations in
business practice and in the workplace, in regards to successful human resource
management in particular. These values included: trustworthiness, Ren
(compassion, humanness), Li (ritual, etiquette), harmony and tolerance of
others. These values of interpersonal relations can generate a more successful
human resource management. Business philosophy can be guided by
Confucian values of long term orientation, resistance to corruption, and
nurturing of guanxi (relationships), which can be utilized for improvement of
networking and developing positive business connections.
Confucian values can aid in the creation of entrepreneurs who are true
leaders of society, and who hold a sense of righteousness and de (moral
power). Confucius believed that leaders were expected to rule in a way that is
just and moral. This view of practice could have the potential to create
entrepreneurs who perform ethical business practice. Under Confucian values, if
businesses are governed righteously, they will succeed.

B. The Gad-fly at the Marketplace by Socrates

“The unexamined life is not worth living” – Socrates
Socrates (469-399 B.C.E.) is one of the few
individuals whom one could say has shaped the
cultural and intellectual development of the world
that, without him, history would be profoundly
different. He is best known for the Socratic method
of question and answer, his claim that he was
ignorant, and his claim that unexamined life is not
worth living, for human beings. He was the inspiration for Plato, the thinker widely
helps to be the founder of the Western philosophical tradition. Plato, in turn,

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served as the teacher of Aristotle, thus establishing the famous triad of ancient
philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
What can entrepreneurs learn from Socrates?
The Socratic Method is a way of thinking that allows individuals to define
their own purpose for learning and explore this purpose through open-minded
questioning of what they hold to be true. Entrepreneurs can find value in
Socratic Method because they, too, are bombarded by assumptions based on
what others and they themselves believe to be the best plan of action for
pursuing a business idea. Entrepreneurial Learning or the acquisition of
knowledge necessary for creating a business venture is built around the
constant questioning and testing of these assumptions theories about what we
hold to be true for validity. These assumptions can range from beliefs about
what the market wants, where opportunities lie, to the effectiveness of a new
product feature.

Dare to disagree.
Socrates insisted on our right to think for ourselves. Too often, he warned,
humans sleep walkthrough life, simply going along with the crowd. This is
dangerous in questions of morality, and particularly in corporate governance.
When corruption is uncovered, too often people say “everyone else was doing
it.” But our characters are our responsibility. Socrates was prepared to die rather
than go against his conscience. Does your organization encourage
independent thinkers and people who follow their conscience? Does it allow
people to give critical feedback to managers? Does it create opportunities for
good people to blow the whistle on bad behavior?

C. The Theory of Forms by Plato

“Good people do not need laws to tell them to act
responsibly, while bad people will find a way around
the laws” – Plato
Plato (427-347 B.C.E.) is one of the world’s best-
known and most widely read and studied philosophers.
He was the student of Socrates and the teacher of
Aristotle, and he wrote in the middle of the fourth
century B.C.E. in ancient Greece. Though influenced
primarily by Socrates, to the extent that Socrates is

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usually the main character in many of Plato’s writings, he was also influenced by
Heraclitus, Parmenides, and the Pythagoreans.
The Theory of Forms
The Theory of Forms represents Plato’s attempt to cultivate our capacity
for abstract thought. Philosophy was relatively new in Plato’s day, and it
completed with mythology, tragedy, and epic poetry as the primary means by
which people could make sense of their place in the world. Like philosophy, art
and mythology do so by appealing to our emotions and desires. Philosophy
appeals to the intellect. The Theory of Forms differentiates the abstract world of
thought from the world of the senses, where art and mythology operate. Plato
also argued that abstract thought is superior to the world of the senses. By
investigating the world of Forms, Plato hopes to attain a greater knowledge.

Education for the Health of the State

In both the Republic and the Laws, Plato identifies education as one of the
most important aspects of a healthy state. He lays out detailed education
programs that start with exercises pregnant women should perform to ensure
the health of the fetus, and he goes on to explain not only what children should
study but also what values they should be exposed to and what kinds of art and
physical exercise they should engage in. Plato apparently considered most of
his fellow Athenians to be hopelessly corrupt, easily inflamed by hollow rhetoric
and seduced by easy pleasures. One can achieve only so much by arguing
with a corrupt soul that a virtuous life and to seek wisdom. Plato thinks that a
child’s education is the last thing that should be left to chance or parental whim
since the young mind is so easily molded.

D. Aristotle: All or nothing

“Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the
whole aim and end of human existence” –Aristotle
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) is a towering figure in
ancient Greek philosophy, making contributions to logic,
metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, botany,
ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance, and theater.
He was a student of Plato who in turn studied under
Socrates. He was more empirically-minded than Plato or
Socrates and is famous for rejecting Plato’s theory of
forms.

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Virtue and Happiness
The word happiness in the Ethics is a translation of the Greek term
eudaimonia, which carries connotations of success and fulfilment. For Aristotle,
this happiness is our highest goal. However, Aristotle does not say that we should
aim at happiness, but rather that we do aim at happiness. His goal in the Ethics is
not to tell us that we ought to live happy, successful lives, but to tell us what this
life consists of.

Moral Education
A question of high importance in any investigation of ethics is how we can
teach people to be good. Aristotle is quite clear that he does not think virtue
can be thought in a classroom or by means of argument. His ethics, then, is not
designed to make people good, but rather to explain what is good, why it is
good, and how we might set about building societies and institutions that might
Implications to Business-“The rational person doesn’t seek money for its own
sake. The rational person uses money so that they can spend their time on good
moral works and developing their mind.”-
Aristotle concludes that the role of the leader is to create the environment
in which all members of an organization can realize their own potential. He says
that the ethical role of the leader is not to enhance his or her own power but to
create the conditions under which followers can achieve their potential. He did
raise a set of ethical questions that are directly relevant to corporate leaders
who wish to behave in ethical ways.
a. Am I behaving in a virtuous way?
b. How would I want to be treated if I were a member of this
organization?
c. What form of social contract would allow all our members to develop
their full potential in order that they may each make their greatest
contribution to the good of the whole?
d. To what extent are there real opportunities for all employees to
develop their talents and their potential?
e. To what extent do all employees participate in decisions that affect
their work?
f. To what extent do all employees participate in the financial gain
resulting from their own ideas and efforts?

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E. Duty-Based Ethics by Immanuel Kant
“Act only according to that maxim by which you can at
the same time will that it should become a universal law.”–
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant is one of the most influential
philosophers in the history of Western philosophy. His
contributions to metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and
aesthetics have had a profound impact on almost every
philosophical movement that followed him. He was a German philosopher who
advances the theory of deontology or deontological ethics the theory of duty
and obligation. Deontology proposes that ethical behavior is simply doing God’s
will. Since most of us believe that is good, then goodwill and loving other human
beings as God loves us is the universal principle on which all moral behavior must
be based. The Categorical Imperative – Along with the concept of goodwill
goes a concept of duty to keep one’s promises which are known as Kant’s
categorical imperative an absolute and universally binding moral law. Kant
believes in always telling the truth because if we cannot believe what others will
tell us, then agreements and even conversations with people are not possible.
Kant believes that categorical imperative is the basis to determine whether
one’s action is deemed to be ethically correct. There are three maxims: The first
maxim: an action can only be considered as ethically correct if it can be
accepted or made into a universal law. The second maxim: that a person
should be treated as an end and not the means to achieve an end. The third
maxim: everyone should as a member of an ideal kingdom where he or she is
both the ruler and subject at the same time.

F. Utilitarianism by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

“The said truth is that it is the greatest happiness of the
greatest number that is the measure and wrong” –
Jeremy Bentham
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) was an English
philosopher and political radical. He is primarily known
today for his moral philosophy, especially his principle of
utilitarianism, which evaluates actions based upon their
consequences. The relevant consequences, in particular, are the overall
happiness created for everyone affected by the action. He famously held a
hedonistic account of both motivation and value according to which what is

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fundamentally valuable and what ultimately motivates us is pleasure and pain.
Happiness, according to Bentham, is thus a matter of experiencing pleasure and
lack of pain.

“A person may cause evil to others not only by his actions

but by his inaction, and in either case; he is justly
accountable to them for the injury.”– John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) profoundly influenced
the shape of nineteenth-century British thought and
political discourse. His substantial corpus of works includes
texts in logic, epistemology, economics, social and
political philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, religion and current affairs.

Utilitarianism - revolves around the concept of “the end justifies the means.” It is
the brain child of philosophers John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. It believes
that outcomes as a result of an action have a greater value compared to the
latter. It also states that the most ethical thing to do is to take advantage of
happiness for the good of the society. In utilitarianism, the business principle
holds the morally right course of action in any situation is the one that produces
the greatest balance of benefits over harms for everyone affected. So long as a
course of action produces maximum benefits for everyone, utilitarianism does
not care whether the benefits are produced by lies, manipulation, or coercion.
Business responsibility usually defined as the net benefits that accrue to those
parties affected by the choice. Thus, most utilitarians hold the position that
business choices must be evaluated by calculating the net benefits of each
available alternative action.

Types of Utilitarianism
1. Rule utilitarianism – is put in place to benefit the most people by
using the fairest methods possible.
2. Act utilitarianism – makes the most ethical actions possible for the
benefit of the people.

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 DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHIES IMPLICATIONS FOR BUSINESS
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES

Ethics is a philosophical term derived from the Greek word ethos meaning
character or custom. Ethics are the principles that will tell us the right thing to do,
or what things are worth doing. Ethics refers to a set of standards governing
behaviour; it refers to broader- based, value-driven rules (Sims, 1992; Jansen and
von Glinow,1985). Ethics is considered a conduct, as distinguished from formal
sciences such as Mathematics, physical sciences such as Chemistry and Physics,
and empirical sciences such as Economics and Psychology. Ethics is a normative
science also because it involves a systematic search for moral principles and
norms that are used to justify our moral judgments. The formation of a sound
moral judgment presupposes a profound analysis and justification of an ethical
principle or theory (Roa, 2011).
Ethics can be distinguished from morality in the sense that morality deals
with principles of right or wrong conduct in general, while ethics is more
concerned with standards of acceptable to a group, a profession, or members
of an organization. Alternatively, organizational ethics can be understood as
elaborations of pre-existing broader moral principles, which include standards of
behaviour and are designed to respond to the particular dilemmas presented
by that context (Sinclair, 1993). In any case, there is clear evidence that the
level of moral reasoning is related to the choice of action that advocated and is
related to people’s value positions and stands on controversial public issues. In
other words, moral judgement is not a value-neutral and purely cerebral style of
intellectualizing, but is connected with values and decision-making (Rest, 1980).
Since ethics is universal and the same for all, companies should obey the
same ethical rules whenever they operate. For instance, they should respect the
rights of workers, should not engage in bribery, should protect the environment
and not undermine the local culture, and so forth. There are generally three
levels of analysis appropriate to business ethics: (1) that of the system of free
enterprise as such; (2) that of the corporation; and (3) that of the individual
within the corporation. In any case, the starting points is usually those basic
ethical norms on which all or the overwhelming majority of people agree. For
instance, there are basic norms necessary for the conduct of business such as
keeping promises, honouring contracts, telling the truth, and respecting the lives
and integrity of those with whom one engages in business. Even on issues of

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extortion and gross bribery there is general consensus that these are wrong,
even though prevalent and tolerated in some countries (De George, 1994).
The history of ethics in business makes evident that the above ethical
doctrines have influenced the thinking on the morality of business. We can
imagine the earliest bartering based on a principle of equal exchange. Aristotle
in the Nicomachean Ethics, wrote of justice being the exchange of equals for
equals and in the Politics he discusses “the art of acquisition”, trade, and usury
as part of the ethics of the household. If we jump to the modern era, John Locke
(1690) developed a defense of private property as a natural right based on the
labor one applies to securing the good in question. Adam Smith, who wrote A
Theory of Moral Sentiments before he wrote The Wealth of Nations, wrote about
the ethics of Hume, John Stuart Mill, and many others wrote on the morality or
ethics of the development free-enterprise economic system. Karl Marx
developed the most trenchant attack on what he termed capitalism was that
most of the benefits were reaped by the few, when there was enough to better
the lot of all. All of these writers have added to the history of ethics in business
and their thoughts have filtered down in various ways to the general populace
(De George, 1994).
To illustrate more specifically how the various ethical doctrines may affect
business practices, let us take example of Aristotle. The Aristotelian approach will
help us to talk and think about management practice. Put differently, as
expressed in the familiar maxim, “A way of seeing is also a way of not seeing”, at
the heart of this current study is a pedagogy to provide management students
with a lens drawn from virtue theory, to use alongside their lenses of managerial
functions, and roles, promises to help students integrate moral theory into
general management thinking and practice. Concretely, from Aristotle’s
assertion that the purpose of life is to maximize happiness and that how we
manage our communities should be of main concern. Whereas for Aristotle
ethics culminated in politics, we are suggesting that today’s ethics culminates in
management, as managers play a critical role in society (Dyck and Kleysen,
2001).

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 COMPARING CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHIES IN RELATION TO THE
BUSINESS SETTING

A concrete example can be given for how the various moral

philosophers’ views get applied in day-to-day business situations. Let us take the
case of “insider trading” Business A, major stockholder of a prosperous and fast-
raising company, has access to information than that of a smaller and less
financially sound competitor, Company B, which was going to be absorbed by
a third competitor, Company C. Businessman A’s source was the son of the
major stockholder of Company B. This son was a self-confessed hater of his
father. The son gave the information to Businessman A so that Businessman A
could buy shares was sure to go up after its takeover by a bigger, more
financially stable company was made public. The son offered to give this piece
of information on the understanding that Businessman A would share with him
the big profit he was bound to make. After the takeover, Company B would
surely wind up (Gomez, 1992).
One’s ethical viewpoint will definitely “color” one’s opinion on whether
the actions described above can be considered ethical or not. For instance, a
Platonist would consider it a deviation, a withdrawal from the Good, and hence,
would consider it unethical. If one takes the utilitarian view, one might possibly
consider such actions acceptable, as they provide net benefits to both
Businessman A and the source of the insider information. A Kantian would say
that both parties’ conduct cannot be set up as a universal law are thus immoral.
An Aristotelian or virtue of ethicist would definitely consider both actions as
unconscionable, as many important virtues-such as loyalty, fairness,
temperance, justice –are clearly lacking or absent.
This and other examples can be offered. What is important is that in any
situation, the decision maker take on a comprehensive ethical framework, one
that minimizes the gaps or incompatibilities among the various ethical
viewpoints, one that hopefully leads to the good of the human persons, to his
perfect human flourishing or eudaimonia.

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III. What Have I Learned
Understanding how classical philosophies are vital in business principles and
practices and in today’s business settings. These notable philosophies are from
Confucius, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Kant and the Utilitarians. We can use these
philosophies and apply it in our daily lives, in the business that we are having
and we will be having in the future following our personal and business ethics.
These are the most common philosophies that we must know.

POST TEST:
A. True or False. Write the word True if the statement is correct and write the
word False if the statement is wrong. Write your activity notebook.

______ 1. The famous statement “An unexamined life is not worth living” is
attributed to Plato.
______2. Confucius well-known principle the Golden Rule is "Do not do unto
others what you do not want done to yourself”.
______3. Socrates is famous for rejecting Plato’s theory of forms.
______4.Immanuel Kant advances the theory of deontology or deontological
ethics, the theory of duty and obligation.
______5. Immanuel Kant raises a set of ethical questions that are directly relevant
to corporate leaders who wish to behave in ethical ways.
______6. Confucian values can aid in the creation of entrepreneurs who are true
leaders of society, and who hold a sense of righteousness and de (moral
power).
______7. Immanuel Kant believes in always telling the truth because if we cannot
believe what others will tell us, then agreements and even conversations with
people are not possible.
______8. The Socratic Method is a way of thinking that allows individuals to
define their own purpose for learning and explore this purpose through open-
minded questioning of what they hold to be true.
______9. The Theory of Forms differentiates the abstract world of thought from
the world of the senses, where art and mythology operate.
______10. According to Jeremy Bentham, “A person may cause evil to others not
only by his actions but by his inaction, and in either case; he is justly
accountable to them for the injury”.

B. Essay. Discuss the following:

1. Describe Utilitarianism. How does utilitarianism influence our day-to-day
decision-making?
2. Do you agree with Socrates that an unexamined life is not worth living? Why
or why not?

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 Rubrics in scoring the essay.

Level of General Approach Comprehension

Achievement
Exemplary •Addresses the problem. •Demonstrates an accurate and complete
(20 pts quizzes) •States a relevant, justifiable answer. understanding of the problem.
•Presents arguments in a logical •Backs conclusions with data and warrants.
order. •Uses 2 or more ideas, examples and/or
arguments that support the answer.
Adequate •Does not address the question •Demonstrates accurate but only adequate
(15 pts quizzes) explicitly, although does so understanding of question because does not
tangentially. back conclusions with warrants and data.
•States a relevant and justifiable •Uses only one idea to support the answer.
answer. •Less thorough than above.
•Presents arguments in a logical
order.
Needs •Does not address the problem. •Does not demonstrate accurate
Improvement •States no relevant answers. understanding of the question.
(10 pts quizzes) •Indicates misconceptions. •Does not provide evidence to support their
•Is not clearly or logically organized. answer to the problem.
No answer (0
pts)

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA, EdD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

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Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY, EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ELISA L. BAGUIO, EdD

Division Education Program Supervisor – MATHEMATICS

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

MICHAEL Q. ISO
Writer

LITTIE BETH S. BERNADEZ

Lay-out Artist
_________________________________

ALPHA QA TEAM
LITTIE BETH S. BERNADEZ
MERCYDITHA D. ENOLPE
RONALD TOLENTINO
DIDITH T. YAP

BETA QA TEAM
ELIZABETH A. ALAP-AP
EPIFANIA Q. CUEVAS
NIDA BARBARA S. SUASIN
VRENDIE P. SYGACO
MELBA S. TUMARONG
HANNAHLY I. UMALI

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The information, activities and assessments used in this material
and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the
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 SYNOPSIS AND ABOUT THE AUTHOR

This Self Learning Kit (SLK) is about ANSWER KEY

illustrating how classical philosophies are
reflected into business practices. It includes
topics that involve the different classical B. 1-2.(Answers may vary)
philosopher and their respective
philosophies applied into business
10. False 5. False
9. True 4. True
principles and practices even up, to this 8. True 3. False
days that would help one’s understanding 7. True 2. True

of the lesson.
6. True A. 1. False
Post-Test:

Find enjoyment in learning this SLK Virtue Ethics Business Ethics

and go over the discussion and examples if Virtue
Ethics
Philosophy
Utilitarianism
Plato
you have not yet mastered the Aristotle Confucius Socrates
philosophies. Pre-Test:

AUTHOR
Michael Q. Iso, graduated Bachelor of Science in Business
Administration major in Human Resource Development
Management at Foundation University, Dumaguete City on
March 2017. He finished Certificate in Professional Teachers
Education program earning 18 units at La Consolacion
College, Bais City on 2018. In the same year, he took and
passed the Licensure Examination for Professional Teachers
major in Social Science. He joined the Department of
Education in 2019 and currently assigned at Giligaon High
School-Senior High School Department, Siaton IV District,
Schools Division of Negros Oriental.

REFERENCES

Racelis, 2017. Business Ethics and Social Responsibility, Manila: Rex Printing Company, Inc., 2017

Bondoc, L. n.d., Foundations of the Principles of Business Ethic, Last Accessed July 30, 2020 (PDF)
from https://www.academia.edu

Applying Confusian Values for Entrepreneurial Development and Improved Business Ethics. 22
March 2015, Last Accessed July 30, 2020 from https://confucianweeklybulletin.

Confucius, n.d. Last Accessed July 30, 2020 from https://en.wikipedia.org

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