A 500-BED SUBURBAN GENERAL HOSPITAL

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE DEGREE,

MASTER IN ARCHITECTURE, JULY, 1961

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Sidney W. Stubbs...........................
Bachelor in Architecture, Clson College, 195 .

Lawrence B. Anderson,....... ........

Head, Department of Architecture
July, 1961

Pietro Belluschi, Dean

School of Architecture and Planning
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Dear Dean Belluschi:

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Master in Architecture, I hereby submit my thesis entitled.,
A 500-Bed Suburban General Hospital.

Respectfully yours,

Sidney W. tubbs, Jr. 4/

 ABSTRACT

A 500-BED SUBURBAN GENERAL HOSPITAL

SIDNEY W. STUBBS, JR.

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AT THE MASSACHUSETTS

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR TEE DEGREE OF MASTER IN ARCHITECTURE, JULY, 1961.

This Thesis proposes the design of a 500-bed general hospital to

fill the medical needs for a rapidly growing satellite city with
a population of 100,000 within a normal automobile radius of
twenty minutes.

The problem is an hypothetical one derived from the Third Annual

Competition sponsored by the Mastic Tile Division of the Ruberoid
Company and from recommendations of the Public Health Service of
the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

page

The Coordinated Hospital System .............. . . . 5 ...

The Site...............................................7

Circulation............................................8

Expansion.... ............................................ 10

Functional Relationships and Design Consideration........11

References............................................46

Space Requirements............ ........................... 47

Solution.............................................

Appendices

Bibliography............................ ......--.-. 54
Third Annual Design Competition Program... ..... .... 56
 -5 -

THE COORDINATED HOSPITAL SYSTEM 1'

"To improve hospital service along its three major fronts - preventive,

diagnostic, therapeutic - all states now are developing their 'coordi-

nated hospital system'.' Such a plan proposes tying all hospitals

into a cooperative hook-up in which there would be a constant exchange

of. information, training, consultation service and personnel, and

iaw'hich patients would be referred from one hospital to another.

With the large "base" or "teaching" hospital as the center, next in

line would be a large general hospital called here a "district" hospi-

tal. Then a smaller one, the "rural" hospital, of minimum size for

genuine hospital service. For the isolated community there would be a

community clinic with a small nursing unit for obstetrical or emergency

cases, not really a hospital at all, but an outpost at the far end of

the line."

The hospital proposed in this Thesis would be of the "district" type.

Having a beginning as a hospital of "rural" size it would expand to

"district" size within a period of 15 years.

 - 6 -

BASE DISTRICT RURAL COMMUNITY

HOSPITAL HOSPITAL HOSPITAL CLINIC
and Health
Teaching, Research, Center
Consultation

CANCER CLINIC MAJOR SURGERY INTERNAL MEDICINE OBSTETRICS

PSYCHIATRIC SERVICE OBSTETRICS OBSTETRICS EMERGENCY MEDICAL

AND SURGERY

HEART CLINIC INTERNAL MEDICINE EYE,EAR,NOSE, LABORATORY

THROAT x-ray
bacteriology

MAJOR SURGERY COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

tuberculosis DENTISTRY DENTISTRY
venereal disease
other
INTERNAL MEDICINE PEDIATRICS MINOR AND UNCOM- PRIVATE OFFICE OR
PLICATED SURGERY OFFICES FOR PRIVATE
PHYSICIANS

OBSTETRICS PSYCHIATRIC SERVICE LABORATORY ADMINISTRATIVE PUBLIC

x-ray HEALTH OFFICES
bacteriology Health Officer
Sanitarian
PEDIATRICS EYE,EAR, NOSE, ADMINISTRATIVE Public Health Nurses
THROAT PUBLIC HEALTH Public Health Clinics
OFFICES Maternal and Child
ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY DENTISTRY Health Officer Health
Sanitarian Tuberculosis
COMMUNICABLE PHYSIOTHERAPY Public Health Nurses Venereal Disease
DISEASES Public Health Clinics Public Health Education
Tuberculosis Maternal and Child
Venereal Disease Health
Other Tuberculosis
Venereal Disease
TEACHING LABORATORY Public Health Edu-
Nurses X-ray cation
Interns Pathology
Residentsq Bacteriology
Post-Graduates Chemical

LABORATORY TEACHING
X-ray Nurses
Pathology Interns
Baderiology Dietetics
Chemical
PHYSIOTHERAPY
DENTISTRY
EYE, EARNOSE, THROAT
DIETETICS
 U. S.P H.S. COORDINATED SYSTEM

BASE

DISTRICT

RURAL

El COMMUNITY CLINIC
L* CRONIC DISEASE
 - 7 -

THE SITE

The site is located in a rapidly growing satellite city on the fringe of a

major metropolis. The site is bounded on the north by a large industrial

park; on the east and south-east by a recreation and education area consisting

of schools, parks and playgrounds; on the west and southwest by a secondary

road with a new and rapidly growing residential area beyond. The site slopes

from the north-east corner to a small river running through the lower portion

from west to east.

There are older residential areas, schools, churches, and a shopping center in

the ,vicinity. The site is joined by the secondary road toa four-lane highway

to the east and to a major six-lane highway to the north leading to the metro-

politan area.

Private automobiles would make up the majority of the traffic into the site with

some local bus service.

 INDUSTRIAL PARK

SITE

EDUCATION-
RECREATION

. rA

ONE MILE
 - 8 -

CIRCULATION

"Separate all departments, yet keep them all close together; separate types of

traffc,. *2.
traffic., yet save steps for everybody; that's all there is to hospital planning".

Good circulation is basically the proper integration of the different departments

so that the different types of traffic through the building will be separated as

much as possible, traffic routes will be short, and important functions will be

protected against intrusion.

The primary principle of circulation planning is protection of the patient. Too

much or the wrong kind of traffic will disturb or contaminate the patient in the

nursing unit, destrcy the aseptic technique of the surgical suite, and reduce

the efficiency of the hospital personnel. Short traffic routes assist in as-

surance of asepsis and also save time and steps for the doctors, nurses and

other personnel thus helping to prevent fatigue. Separation of dissimilar

activities is also important. Quiet and noisy activi es, "clean" and "dirty"

cases, different types of patients, etc. should be separated. Even with good

disposition of functions and good separation of traffic, positive control points

are required for proper circulation.

Good circulation begins outside of the building. There are four major traffic

lines; in-patients and visitors, out-patients, emergency patients, and service and

non-professional employees. To these could be added an entrance for doctors so

that they could enter directly from the doctors' parking area and not be stopped

by visitors and relatives.

 - 9-

The emergency entrance would be used for real emergency cases requiring im-

mediate attention in the emergency suite. The emergency case might also be

a drunk, a criminal, a psychiatric case or a medically "dirty" patient.

The service and employee entrance shwld actually be two entrances. They can

be located in the same area but should be separated.

Parking should be grouped in so far as possible for the entrances served to

help separate the types of traffic. Doctors should be provided with a private

readily accessible parking area.

Figure 1. shows the main streams of trafficwithin the hospital. These will be

discussed in more detail later.

 NURSING UNITS

SERVICE

t ients
CutFa .ents Emergency Staff
P at Ienrt s Srr)1lyec
su l Co

3
CIRCULATION - FIG. I
 - 10 -

EXPANSION

It is always difficult to judge the exact pattern of expansion for a hospital.

The different departments of the hospital expand at varying rates. In any case

the hospital must function properly at all times and the expansion should be

orderly and controlled.

Figure. 2. illustrates a suggested system for the orderly growth of the hospi-

tal based upon the requirements of the program.

 ~III

STAGE I

STAGE 2

U 1111111 I

STAGE 3

FIG. 2
 - 11 -

FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

1. The Medical and Surgical Nursing Unit.

When.thinking of the nursing unit questions immediately arise as to just what

is the best for the patient, the best for the staff, and the least expensive,

etc. To go from one extreme to another the least expensive solution would be

one large room containing 500 beds, and the best would be 500 single-bedded

rooms with private baths. It is obvious that the first would not work socially

or medically, and the second would be too expensive for a general hospital.

The solution lies somewhere between the extremes.

The large open ward containing 20 to 30 patients (see Figure 3.) is still used

in Europe and in some military hospitals in the United States. The plan used

most often is the Rigs Ward adopted at the Rigs Hospital in Copenhagen in 1910.

In this type of ward 20 to 30 patients are placed in an open room divided by

partitions placed perpendicular to the exterior walls forming cubicles in which

the beds are placed perpendicular to the partitions usually in groups of four

for each cubicle. This plan works very well in so far as nursing care is con-

cerned. The patients can be well supervised and are readily accessible. How-

ever, it is very inflexible in the separation of patients and it i's difficult

to maintain good aseptic techniques.

There have been several hospitals built with all single rooms, one of the first

being the King Daughters' Hospital at Temple, Texas in 1908. The single-bedded

room with private toilet or private bath offers some advantages. The staff has
 - 12 -

maximum flexibility in assigning patients and the patients have freedom in

receiving visitors, lighting, and watching television. It is very doubtful

however, that-this maximum flexibility would even be required in a large hos-

pital and planning for single occupancy results in greater area per patient,

longer traffic routes, and problems of supervision and control. For non-

ambulatory patients it does not provide the often necessary benefits obtained

from the companionship of a roommate. In addition most patients could not

afford the high rate necessary to substain a private room.

A ward containing rooms of varying capacities would seem to best suit both the

patient and the staff. The United States Public Health Service (U.S.P.H.S.)

recommends a 1/3, 1/3, 1/3, ratio between one-bed, two-bed and four-bed rooms.

To accept this literally would be a mistake. This might or might not be the

proper ratio for a particular hospital. If the hospital is small the ratio of

single-bedded rooms would be larger to allow the needed flexibility in segrega-

tion and isolation of certain cases. In a larger hospital, containing a maxi-

mum care unit, a contagious unit, and a psychiatric unit, the ratio would

naturally be much smaller. A ratio of 20% one-bed rooms, 60% two-bed rooms and

20% larger rooms would be more realistic for a 500-bed hospital of the type

under consideration in this Thesis.

Conventionally, the nursing floor has been laid out along a single corridor

with the majority of the bedrooms and the ancillary functions on the other

(see Figure 4.). Most of the rooms have good orientation and the plan works

well for small hospitals, but because of the limitation on the number of rooms

imposed by the internal distances, large hospitals often have problems in trying
10
LO
09
LI-
 - 13 -

to use this plan. The well-known X, Y, H and + configurations are plan forms

developed because of these limitations.

In an attempt to shorten circulation routes several centralized plan forms, with

the ancillary facilities in the core, have developed. (See Figures 5,6.) These

do shorten the distances but in doing so confuse circulation patterns in the

core and make control difficult. Nurses object to the limited visibility from

the nurses' station. At least 25% of the rooms have poor orientation.

The plan adopted for this thesis is a growth of the double pavilion plan first

developed by hospital consultant Charles F. Neegaard. In this plan (See Fig. 7)

all of the services are placed in a central core available to two corridors.

This scheme shortens circulation routes and reserves the desirable peripheral

areas for the patients. Since the ancillary facilities do not double in size

when used by two wards instead of one, a great deal of space is saved which can

be used to more advantage.

In this plan each bedroom is provided with,- or shares with another bedroom,

a room containing a complete bath with shower and bedpan washer, dressing and

locker space, and a supply cabinet. This system is designed to save the nurses'

time and energy. By having everything the nurse needs on hand within the room

she can spend more- time with the patient and less time walking up and down the

corridors emptying bedpans, getting fresh linen, and helping patients to the

central toilet or shower.

 6
FIG. 6

L1 LJ L
I

zF 2

FIG. 7
 - 14 -

The supply cabinet would be divided into two sections each side accessible

from the corridor and from the bedroom. One side would contain all the clean

and sterile supplies needed for one day, and the other side would be used to

receive soiled supplies from the room. Each night an attendant would place

clean supplies from central cupply in the cabinet to be removed from the

room side as needed. The soiled supplies would be collected in a cart and

returned to central sterilizing or to the laundry (thus doing away with the

questionable laundry chute.) After each use the carts would be cleaned and

made ready for the next day's service.

It might be noted that this nursing unit with the adjoining bathrooms and 252

square feet of area per bed compares favorably with the U.S.P.H.S. nursing unit

which has 267 square feet per bed.

Nurses' station. The nurses' station should be located as centrally as possible

in the nursing unit and should command full view of the nursing corridors. The

nursing station will be used for the administrative work of the nurses inherent

in-patient care, preparing medicines, and for doctor-nurse conferences.

The nurses' station should provide, adequate desk space for the nurses to keep

charts and make out reports. A separate locked room is necessary for storing

and preparing medicines. A small room is desirable for consultation between

staff members, doctors, patients and patients' families.. A space for doctors

to study charts and to dictate instructions is also desirable. A toilet should

be provided for the nurses' use.

Utility Room. The utility room is the general work room for the nursing unit.
 - 15 -

This room would be used for the storage and preparation of equipment and supplies

used in general through out the nursing unit. Facilities would be provided

for the preparation of juices and between-meal snacks for the patients. A

separate area of the utility room would be used for the disposal of waste and

the cleansing of equipment not requiring sterilization in the central sterilizing

room. The utility room should be located adjacent to the nurses' station

Treatment Rooms. Treatment rooms are necessary in every nursing unit. Examina-

tion, surgical dressings and other procedures would be done here instead of in

the bedrooms behind the curtains where there are no facilities. It would often

save the patient from embarrassment and would keep the other patients from being

disturbed. It would also be used for teaching purposes.

Day Room. A day room should be provided for ambulant patients to congregate.

It gives them a chance to chat and provides a change of scene from the bedrooms.

This room should not be confused with the visitors' rooms placed near the ele-

vators.

Storage and Closets. There are a number of smaller rooms and closets needed

within the nursing unit. Janitor's closets, flower rooms, stretcher and wheel

chair storage and general bulk storage must be provided.

 - 16 -

2. The Maternity Nursing Unit.

In general the maternity nursing unit will require the same facilities for the

mothers as are provided in the normal nursing unit. In addition, facilities

must be provided for keeping and caring for the infants.

The "rooming-in" plan in which the infants are kept in the mothers' rooms is

used quite often in Europe and in American military hospitals. There are ad-

vantages in that the normal nursery can be -omitted and provisions made only for

premature and suspect infants. The mother is also more "lemotionally involved"

with the child. There are, however, some disadvantages to the plan. If there

are more than one mother and child in the room, the infants tend to disturb

the other mothers. There are some mothers whofor physiological or psychological

reasons might not be able to, or should not, care for the infant while in the

hospital. Mothers who have other children at home often do not like to care for

the infant in the hospital, but prefer to rest in expectation of the return home

to the other children. Proper examination and utility facilities are not provided.

In the "decentralized nursery" two to six infants, with thin services, are placed

between a pair of rooms containing mothers. This plan has obvious advantages

over the "rooming-in" plan but there are still disadvantages. The utilities

must be duplicated for each nursery. It is hard to maintain supervision, and the

pediatrician must move his equipment from nursery to nursery to check and

examine the infants.

Another plan is the sub-divided central nursery. In this system the nursery is

divided into groups of eight bassinets each, in a separate cubicle. This is

 - 17 -

based on the standard that one nurse should not care for more than eight

infants. Between each nursing room there would be a nurses' station, work

area, and examining area. Constant supervision could be maintained from the

nurses' station.

Suspect nursery. The suspect nursery would be used for observation of

infants suspected of having a communicable disease. From this nursery infants

would either be transferred back to the normal nursery or sent to the pediatrics

unit. The requirements are similar to those of the normal nursery.

Premature Nursery. The premature nursery would hold, until they are strong,

premature infants. Then they would be transferred to the normal nursery or

sent home.

Formula Room. The formula room should be divided into two sections - one

for the receiving and cleansing of bottles -- the other for the preparation and

sterilization of the bottles and formula. Each maternity unit would have its own

formula room.
 - 18 -

3. The Pediatric Nursing Unit.

The Pediatric Unit deals with premature infants through adolescence, which

involves a great variety of medical and surgical conditions. The unit would

contain generally the same facilities as the normal nursing unit with the

additon of the facilities mentioned below.

For infants three nurseries are required, a sick nursery, a premature nursery,

and a suspect nursery. These would be similar in plan and contents to the

nurseries in the maternity unit.

Several crib rooms should be provided for small children. These rooms should

be the same. size as the regular bedrooms to allow for flexibility, also full-size

beds are often required for mothers spending the night with sick children.

A play or activity room is a necessity for the pediatric unit.. This room would

be used as a playroom for younger children, for games, occupational therapy and

school work for older children, and a social room and library for adolescents.

It may also be used for a dining room at meal time. It should be located near

the nurses' station for proper control.

 - 19 -

4. The Psychiatric Unit

The Psychiatric Unit would contain facilities for the treatment of short-term

patients and for holding those patients who must be transferred to a state hos-

pital where accomodations for long-term treatment are more favorable.

This unit will require facilities for the segregation of patients showing dif-

ferent behavior characteristics. These can be divided into four groups; *

Convalescent-30 to 40%; Quiet-30 to 40%; Depressed-20-25% and Disturbed-5 to 10%.

The arrangement should be flexible so that full use of all facilities may be made

at all times, as the patient classifications change during the treatment program.

Day rooms, available for each classification, are required in order that the

many and varied groups and group-activities may be carried on simultaneously for

any or all groups.

There are two main sections of the nrsing unit, an open section and a closed

or locked section. The convalescing and some of the quiet patients will be

housed in the open section. This section can be somewhat similar to a medical

nursing unit. The remainder will be in the locked section. This section will

contain special bedrooms and treatment rooms as recommended by the U.S.P.H.S.

and the American Hospital Association.

 -' 20 -

5. The Surgical Suite

The traditional location for the surgical suite has been on the top floor on

the north side. Efficient lighting and mechanical ventilation were not pos-

sible as the suite was located where they could have natural light and be

more or less dust-free. This was also the terminal point of the hospital

and therefore avoided unnecessary circulation.

The advent of good artificial light and air conditioning provides greater

flexibility for the location of the suite. Physical factors such as expansion

and plan form, and circulation factors such as relationship to the nursing

units, radiology, pathology and the emergency department have a more important

bearing on the location.

Operating Rooms. Surgeons and architects usually apply the terms "major" and

'ainor" both to surgical procedures and the operating rooms in which they are

performed. The terms have no precise meaning. Some authorities c'onsidered the

difference to be one of sizeothers consider it to be one of equipment included.

When the advantages and disadvantages of a minor operating room are studied, there

is a considerable question as to the need of a minor operating room at all.

Surgeons whose operations are scheduled for minor operating rooms, often consider

it an affront to their dignity. A minor operating room is less expensive to

build because of its smaller size but the restricted number of surgical procedures

which can be performed may prove it to be false economy. The greater flexibility

of the major operating room can be obtained relatively cheaply since the increase

in cost is not proportional and the equipment and services must be provided in any
 - 21 -

case. There is also the risk that further changes in surgical treatment and

procedure may make the minor operating room obsolete.

The major operating rooms were formerly designed on t1e pattern of the classical

Greek Theater with rising tiers of curved seating but in recent years the

rectangular or square room has superceded the circle. Duritg the past twenty

years, operating rooms of many sizes and shapes have been designed to cater to

difficult arrangements for accomodating observers, lighting, ventilation, etc.

Perhaps the most distinctive is the egg-shaped operating room now in use in

Europe 8. that was developed from the sperical designs by Walter in the 1930's.

The spherical wall-ceiling with individual spotlights sunk in the whole surface,

is an attempt to provide high-density, shadowless illumination on the sterile

field, and to eliminate dust catching surfaces oVerhead. Problems such as ex-

cess -heat, changing lamps from inside the operating room and dust-catching sur-

faces have been solved in this design but it is doubtful that the illumination

of the sterile field is as good as that obtained with a good suspended lamp.

Some surgeons say that the lighting is inadequate for deep cavities and that

supplementary lighting is needed. Supplementary lighting is also required if two

fields are to be lighted simultaneously (example, skin-graft). The table must

be moved to alter the illuminated field on the patients' body. Other problems

inherent in the egg-shaped design are: the difficulty of providing overhead

booms for supporting oxygen and anesthesia lines, television cameras, etc., the

excessive noise due to the poor acoustic shape and hard surfaces of the room,

and the lack of flexibility in usage imposed by the plan.

 - 22 -

On the basis of the actual function of the room it is difficult to estimate

the exact size of a major operating room because procedures and equipment

vary for different operations and for different surgeons. Studies show that

a minimum size 16 ft. by 16 ft. is required, but many surgeons and surgical

supervisors recommend 20 ft. by 20 ft. of free floor space.

The rapid development of cardiac and neuro-surgery has created the need for

one or more extra large operating rooms. This type of surgery calls for a

larger team of surgeons (at times, two teams are required, example - kidney

transplants), and a great deal of additional equipment such as heart-lung

machines, hypothermia equipment, etc., also electronic monitoring equipment

which frequently is not explosion-proof. The system in which a control room

is placed between two large operating roorrworks very well. This control room

would also house equipment required for closed circuit television.

- There are several methods of providing observation for operations. The

generally prefered method is for a small group of observers to actually be in

the operating room. This system provides obvious teaching advantages, but the

group is limited in size and there is the possibility of additional bacteria and

of distraction for the surgeons. Another method is to locate a gallery to one

side or over the operating room. This isolates the observers but the possibility

of an unobstructed view of the sterile field which is adequate for teaching pur-

poses is slight. It does, however, allow medical students and nurses to observe

operating room procedures. The use of closed circuit television and motion pic-

tures allows larger groups to observe. It seems that not one, but a combination

of methods are needed for adequate observation in all cases.

 - 23 -

In 1846 the first public demonstration of anesthesia was performed at the

Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. In 1873 the first induction room

adjoining the operating room was used. "The patients are etherized in a small

ante-room adjoining the operating theater and when anesthesia is complete, the

patient is picked up and carried in the arms of a stout attendant into the

theater."
'9. Since that time there has been a great deal of controversy over

where induction should take place.

Induction rooms are not used to any extent in the United States and most hos-

pitals which have induction rooms use them for other uses. Neither the U.S.P.H.S.,

the American College of Surgeons, or the American Society of Anestheologists

10.
recommends induction rooms. The National Fire Protection Association re-

commends not using them because of the danger of an explosion. Proponents argue

that time is saved between operations and that it is psychologically better for
11.
the patient, but recent study shows the time saved to be slight. More anes-

thetists are required, and the psychological effect has not been proved one way

or the other.

Ancillary Facilities.

Recovery Room. The purpose of the recovery room is to hold the patient during

the critical period from the end of the operation to the regaining of conscious-

ness. It provides a high standard of nursing care during the recovery period and

prompt attention in an emergency. Isolation curtains are not required because

patients are removed as soon as they are fully conscious and the curtains make

the nurses' work harder. However, there should be an isolation room for infec-

tious cases.
 - 24 -

All services should be within the room but should be enclosed with a glazed

partition to reduce noise.

Scrub-up rooms. The scrub-up area is used for scrubbing by the surgical

team before each operation. This room should be located adjacent to the

operating room to reduce walking distance after scrubbing and to allow the

surgeons to see into the operating room while scrubbing.

Clean-up and Sub-sterilizing rooms. The central clean-up room provides.

facilities for cleaning up after the operation. The extent of the facilities*

required is based upon the system used.

If decentralized sterilzing is used (all possible items sterilized in the sub-

A
sterilizing room) there would be little or no work to be done other than the

cleaning of sensitive instruments, and the collection of disposable items and

items issued from other departments.

If a sub-sterilizing room is not used then the clean-up room must handle all

sterilizing in addition to the normal collection and disposal of items. This

system aggravates the problem of contamination transfer for all "clead' and

"dirty" supplies are processed in the same area.

Although there is a chance of contamination when using sub-steilizing rooms,

it seems to be the medically superior system.

Frozen Section Laboratory. In the course of an operation it might be necessary

for a microscopic examinatbn to be made of the tissue removed from a patient.

 - 25 -

This examination must be made before the operation can continue. For this

reason a small frozen section lab is includedvithin the suite. The probability

of an examination being needed can usually be predicted before the operation

12
(10 to 15% of all operations), and the laboratory would only be staffed when

such an operation was scheduled.

Change Rooms. All personnel who work in the surgical suite change their clothing

before they enter the suite. Change rooms should be provided for professional

males, all females, and non-professional males. Each change room would contain

locker, toilet and shower facilities. The personnel would enter the change

rooms from outside the suite, change shoes and clothes, and enter the suite

directly from the change room. The reverse procedure would be used in leaving

the suite.

Lounge. A small lounge should be included for doctors and nurses for coffee,

rest and a "change of view".

Classrooms. Classroom space should be provided for instructing nurses and interns

and for staff conferences and lectures. This would also provide a place for

viewing operations on television and motion pictures. Entrande to the rooms

should be from outside of the surgical suite.

Offices. Offices are needed for the surgical supervisor, the clerks who manage

scheduling and paperwork, the clinical instructor and possibly the chief of staff

and the chief anesthesiologist.

 - 26 -

Storage. There are a multitude of storage areas required. Space must be pro-

vided for clean instruments, medical gases, janitors' supplies, sterile supplies,
1
spare operating tables and lights, anesthesia machines and other miscelaneous

equipment and supplies.

 - 27 -

6. Obstetrical Suite

In general the obstetrical suite requires somewhat the same facilities as the

operating suite. In addition labor rooms and a small nurses' station are

necessary. Provisions should be made to allow the husband to accompany his

wife into the labor room if the doctor allows this procedure.
 - 28 -

7. Emergency Department.

As mentioned previously most emergency cases are cases best admitted away from

the public view. The department should also be readily accessible for both

ambulances and private automobiles which require parking space. A large number

of emergency cases are accident cases in which the patient is pronounced dead

on arrival or shortly after arrival at the hospital. Location near the morgue

would provide holding space until the family could be notified and the body

picked up by a mortician. It would also facilitate the procedure on cases re-

quiring autopsy and laboratory work.

Operating Room. In many hospitals a major operating room is included in the

emergency department. This idea is wrong. for it is unwise to attempt a serious

operation in the emergency department which is not equippad nor fully staffed for

such operations, when well-equippe. and staffed operating rooms are available near

by. By performing all serious operations in the surgical suite unnecessary dup-

lication of facilities is avoided. However, there should be a mirror operating

and fracture-reducing room included with proper x-ray and fluorscopic facilities.

Nursing Unit. A small nursing unit is necessary for overnight patients. The

next morning the patient would either be discharged or admitted to a normal

nursing unit. An isolation room for suspect cases would be desirable, especially

for children.

Treatment rooms. Rooms for examination and treatment should include dressing

booths to prevent unnecessary delay in the use of the room and a utility room

which could be common to all.

 - 29 -

Other Facilities. The office should be located to provide good control over

the entrance to the department. It would be used for reception and administration.

procedures. The waiting area should be adjacent to the office for control

purposes..
 - 30 -

8. X-Ray and Radiation Therapy.

The X-Ray Department works in close relationshipvith several other departments

in the hospital. Both inpatien-ts and outpatients will use the department and

care should be taken so that traffic paiterns do not mix. There is also a

close relationship between the x-ray department and the surgical unit.

Traffic is generated by certain radiological procedures in the operating rooms

and if a daik room is not provided within the surgical suite, then the exposed

film must be transported to the x-ray department for processing. This system

eliminates the duplication of costly equipment and keeps all photographic pro-

cedures under a central control.

Diagnostic X-Ray. The x-ray rooms are equipped with combination x-ray and
a
fluorscopic'machines. The U.S.R.H.S. recommends a room 12' x 18' x 9'-6' which

seems to serve very well. A control booth is necessary in the room to protect

the operator from harnfd. rays during the x-ray procedure. This need not be a

room but merely a shield to deflect the rays. In fluorscopy the booth isn't

necessary. The room must be shielded against the escape of harmful rays, the

amount of shielding required varies with the exact functions of the room. Each

x-ray room should have at least two dressing rooms so that the equipment and

staff can function without delay. A barium "kitchen" is required and of course

a water closet as barium travels quite rapidly through the system.

Therapy. Only basic x-ray therapy and radioisotope facilities should be in-

cluded as the mae complicated cases would be sent to the base hospital where

more extensive equipment is located. The inclusion of one deep therapy and one

superficial therapy room would be necessary. These rooms should be located to

 - 31 -

either side of a control room containing dressing booths, control rooms,

recovery room and toilet. The radioisotope room would include a radio-

chemistry laboratory and a patient uptake measuring room with adjoining

dressing room. These therapy rooms hould be separated from the diagnostic

rooms.

Cystoscopy. The cystoscopy rooms can be located in several departments within

the hospital. The surgical suite and the x-ray department are the most suitable

for the procedures performed. Location in the surgical suite is convenient for

the anesthesiologist for cases requirig general anesthesia and the recovery

room is readily available. The main disadvantages of this location is that

outpatients would be required to enter the surgical suite and many surgeons

object to cystoscopy procedures which are "dirty" cases being performed within

the surgical suite because of the danger of contamination. A location in the

x-ray department would place the cystoscopy rooms near the darkroom and other

radiological facilities and would prevent costly duplication of equipment as

previously mentioned.

Photographic Rooms. All exposed film would be taken to the darkroom for processing.

Automatic film processing machines have done away with most hand-processing and re-

duced the space required. The entrance into the darkroom should either be

through a light lock or light maze.

The viewing room should be located adjacent to the darkroom to facilitate the

viewing of film as soon as possible after processing. The room shold be large

enough to accommodate several groups while viewing the film.

 - 32 -

Since the film file has a direct relationship to both the darkroom and the

viewing room it should be located so that it is convenient to both.

Other Facilities. Waiting space for patients, office space for administrative

personnel, and storage equipment for bulk equipment and supplies must be in-

cluded, with sizes dependant upon organization and procedures used.

 - 33 -

9. Laboratory.

The laboratory would conduct between 180,000 and 200,000 tests annually for

the hospital and the outpatiett department. These tests would be divided

among six units of the' laboratory; he/matology, urinalysis; biochemistry;

histology; serology and bacteriology. With the exception of the serology -

bacteriology unit the functions of the units may be grouped together to

facilitate supervision, common use of equipment and flexible use of personnel.

The Ser/ology - Bacteriology unit should be enclosed to reduce the possibility

of contamination.

Pathologist office. The pathologist office should be located so that he has'

access to the laboratory, the histology section in particular. A work space

should be provided for examinations in the privacy of his office.

Other Facilities. A reception room and waiting area, collection rooms, utility

rooms, and a "quiet" room for basal metabolism and electrocardiography should

also be included.
 - 34 -

10. Necropsy Department.

The morgue and autopsy T~dlities should be located to prevent unnecessary contact

with the public. The department must be convenient to the elevators from the

nursing units, the surgical suite and the emergency department, and should have an

exit to the service yard to facilitate pick-up by morticians.

Office. The department office should be located at the entrance for control.

This office would handle receiving and administrative work.

Viewing Room. Located at the entrance to the department adjacent to the morgue

should be a viewing room used for identification purposes.

Morgue. The morgue should be located to provide optimum circulation between the

refrigerated boxes, the entrance, the autopsy rooms and the exit. There should

be between 10-15 boxes depending upon the practices of the local morticians.

Lockers. Locker space and shower and toilet facilities must be provided for the

staff members working in the department.

Teaching Facilities. A small classroom and museum should be included to facilitate

the teaching of nurses and interns . The autopsy rooms should be large enough to-

accomodate a group of observers.

 - 35 -

11. Administrative Department

Lobby and waiting space. The main lobby and waiting room should be located

with convenient access to the stairs, corridors and elevators leading to the

administrative and patient areas, but access to these areas should be controlled

by the information desk. In public general hospitals the number of visitors is

quite high and adequate waiting space should be provided for the family and

friends of the patients.

Admitting Office. The admitting -office should be readily accessible from the

entrance lobby but in a quiet area where privacy can be obtained. Several

booths o'r rooms are necessary for the admitting procedure and social service

functions. Easy access to the medical record room should be provided for ob-

taining records of returning patients.

Medical records and Library. The medical record room and library are directly

related regarding study and research, and can be better managed by a single

librarian. It should be remembered that the library will be used not only by

the staff and interns but also by a certain number of people from outside the

hospital.

Business Office. The general business office should have several cashiers'

windows near the main lobby but there should be no direct entry into the office

from that area. This office provides space for the clerical staff and equip-

ment and should have a safe or vault fro records and patients' valuables.

Offices. General office space will be required by the hospital administrator,

 - 36 -

the director of nursing, the assistant director of nursing, the bursar and

their various secretaries. An office should also be provided for the use of

visitirig clergy.

Conference Room. A conference room should be included for directors' meetings

and small conferences.

Auditorium. A small auditorium is necessary for staff meetings and for health

education in the outpatient department.

 - 37 -

12. Dietary Facilities.

The kitchen should be located at grade level to insure adequate light and

ventilation and ease cf daily delivery of meat, vegetables, and dairy products.

If located adjacent to the service court deliveries can be made directly into

the refrigerator section preventing carting of supplies through corridors and

food preparation areas. There should be no circulation through the kitchen

to other areas.

Central Tray Service. There are three general types of food service to the

nursing units. With "central tray service" each tray is completely prepared

in the kitchen and then transported to the nursing units on heated trucks.

After the meal the dirty dishes and trays are collected and returned to the

kitchen to be washed in the central dishwashing room. The most serious com-

plaint against this method is that the food may become dried out, cold and

unpalatable by the time-it reaches the patient. There is also a certain amount

of waste for the patient has no control over food portions.

Bulk Service. The "bulk service" system utilizes heated carts which are

loaded in bulk in the main kitchen and transported to the nursing unit pantry.

Here the trays are prepared and distributed to the patients. Upon completion

of the meal the dishes and trays are returned to the floor pantry where they are

washed and stored until the next meal. In this system serving hot food is less

of a problem but the patient still has no control over the portion. It is ne-

cessary to have a very complete kitchen and dishwashing room on each floor, it

requires personnel additions for efficient service and adds to the size of the

confusion of the nursing unit.

 - 38 -

A variationof the bulk food service is sometimes used in which the trays

are prepared in the pantry with the exception of the food, and distributed to

the patients. The bulk food cart moves from the main kitchen and the food

is served to the patients. The patient is assured of hot food and the amount

he desires, but the floor must still have a dishwashing room and pantry as

above.

Centralized Bulk Service. The third and possibly the best method is the "cen-

tralized bulk food service". In this system, the trays are set up in the main

kitchen and distributed to the nursing unit followed by the bulk food cart. The

trays are served and at the end cf the meal the dirty trays and dishes are re-

turned to the main kitchen for washing. Hot food in the desired proportions.

is assured. The costly duplication of dishwashing equipment is eliminated and

the pantry can be reduced to a size needed only for between meal snacks and juices.

Refrigeration.~ As mentioned previously direct delivery of perishables to re-

frigerators without going through the food.preparation areas is highly desirable.

The refrigerator section shouldcontain three units, one for meat, one for fruit

and vegetables, and one for dairy products. Because of the rising popularity of

frozen foods, a large freezer should also be included for frozen meat, vegetableg

and ice cream, etc.

Day Storage. Provision of a day storage room for non-perishable supplies for a

twenty-four hour period will be necessary. The day storage takes care of small

food items and part cases of foodnot requiring refrigeration. The room should

be convenient to the receiving area and adjacent to the meat, vegetable and salad

preparation areas.
 - 39 -

Cooking Section. The main cooking section should be placed in a central loca-

tion convenient to the serving area and away from the side walls.

Diet Kitchen. A special diet kitchen is not necessary. The, number of diets

other than normal, soft, and liquid will not exceed 15o of the total number of
meals
patient/and these can be prepared in the main kitchen. Student nurses would

be trained in the diet department of the nursing school and not in the hos-

pital kitchen.

Dish and Cart Washing. The dishwashing room should be -located near the en-

trance to the kitchen from the nursing units. The food carts should be washed

in a separate room. The cart room should be near the entrance and convenient

to the dishwashing area.

Dietitian. The dietitian's office shodd be located to provide good control and

supervision of the entire kitchen.

Toilets. Toilets should be readily accessible but not within the kitchen

proper.

Dining Space. The dining room should be large enough to accomodate the staff

and visitors using it in a two-hour period. Cafeteria service is the fastest and

most economical for this type of institution. A small private dining space should

be provided for special luncheons, business meetings, etc. A dining room should

also be provided for the kitchen employees.

 - 40 -

13. Housekeeping Facilities.

Housekeeper. The housekeeper's office should be adjacent to the central

linen room and in a position to maintain control over the linenboth clean

and dirty.

Central Linen Room. The central linen room would be used to store and issue

linen for the hosiital. The should be a mending room and a new stock room

within the central linen room.

Soiled Linen Room. The soiled linen room would be used to receive, sort and

prepare for washing,the dirty linen of the hospital. Because of the type of

service to the nursing units there would be no linen, chutes.

Laundry. The laundry would wash and decontaminate the dirty linen and then

dry and prepare it for re-use.

 - 41 -

14. Supply, Storage and Maintenance.

Sterile supplies. All supplies requiring sterilization would be sterilized and

pre-packaged in the central sterilizing room and distributed through central

supply.

Central Supply. All supplies. except pharmaceuticals would be distributed

through central supply. For this reason it should be located centrally with

easy access to the different storage rooms.

Central Storage. The central storage area would be divided into several areas;

the furniture room, anesthesia storage, social service, clothing and food stores.

Anesthesia and Oxygen. The anesthesia and oxygen storage rooms should be lo-

cated near the entrance to the service area. This provides easy access in case

of fire and saves carrying heavy tanks into the building. The oxygen would be

piped to the areas needing it from this storage room.

Receiving. There should be a receiving room where goods could be unpacked and

checked before they are taken into the storage rooms. A small.room for overnight

storage of goods received,but not checkedis necessary.

Maintenance Shops. To facilitate quick and economical repairs and replacements

the hospital should have good maintenance shops. A carpenter shop for general

repairs and refinishing work, an electrical shop for repairing small motors, lamps

and other fixtures, and a mechanical shop with equipment for heating and plumbing

repairs would be provided.

 - 42 -

15. Lockers and Lounges.

It is undesirable for either professional or non-professional help to go through

the hospital in street clothes. For this reason lockers should be provided for

employees and staff at the entrances. The locker rooms should contain -

locker, toilet and shower facilities. Lounges should be provided for off-duty

personnel.
 - 43 -

16. Outpatient Department.

The functions of the outpatient department are education, prevention, diagnosis,

and treatment of illness, and follow-up of hosp'ital cases. It is very diffi-

cult to plan just how large or small an outpatient department should be for

an estimated number of visits per year. The number of divisions, the number

of stations, the number of sessions, and their length, etc. all must be con-

sidered.

If sessions were held eleven times a week,, one each morning, one each after-

noon and one on Saturday morning, and each session is three hours long, 9 - 12,

and 1 - 4, then theoretically only six stations would be required to handle the

estimated 40,000 visits a year, to the department. However this figure does not

allow for the fact that there are some stations stited to only one purpose, some

facilities are used jointly by the hospital and the outpatient departnent, and

there are slack and rush periods and there is no expansion within the department.

There are about twenty clinical divisons within the outpatient department.

As mentioned before some of these are jointly used by the hospital and the de-

partment (laboratory, x-ray, pysiotherapy), and others are only suited for one

particular function (dentistry, minor surgery, eye, ear, nose and throat). The

remainder overlap and can all use a somewhat similar room. The divisons by not

being rigid allow a certain flexibility in the ebb and flow of traffic.

Examination treatment room. These multi-purpose rooms should have adjoining

dressing rooms to insure continuous use and should be adjacent to a utility room

which could be used jointly by several rooms.

 - 44 -

Minor Surgery. In the surgical divison only surgical procedures of a minor

nature would be performed. The utilities would be within the room but a small

recovery room would be necessary.

Dentistry. The dentistry divid.on should have at least two chairs, a small

labpratory and a recovery room.

Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. This division should have an eye examination and

treatment room, a "dark" room (not photographic), and a room equipped for ear,

nose and throat examinations.

Administration. The information and appointment desk should be located at the

entrance to control the circulation in and out of the department. The cashiers'

desk might be adjoining so that in slack hours one person could operate both

positions. An adjacent office is necessary for the department supervision.

Although there is a certain relationship between the hospital administration and

the outpatient administration the two should be separate functions with separate

entrances and lobbies.

Records. The records room should be readily accessible to both the administra-

tion and themedical staff. A conference room should be incorporated to provide

space for studying records and staff conferences.

Waiting Space. The waiting space should be spacious and comfortable with toilets

nearby. If possible the pediatric waiting should be separated from thenormal

waiting areas to help those patients who might be nervous and easily upset.
Pharmacy. The pharmacy should be located at the exit from the department

but before the cashiers' desk. All prescriptions for the department could be

obtained here and this would be an entirely separate function from the hospital

pharmacy.
 - 46 -

REFERENCES

(Footnotes)

1. U.S. Public Health Service. Design and Construction of General

Hospitals, pp. 2-3.

2. Emerson Goble, "Hospital Planning Starts with Circulation", Hospitals

Clinics,and Health Centers, p. 2.

3. U.S. Public Health Service. Design and Construction of General Hos-

pitals, p. 47.

4-. Ibid, pp. 130-131.

5. Euclid - Glenville Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio: Conrad, Hays, Simpson,

and Ruth.

6. Valley Presbyterian Hospital, Los Angeles, California: Pereira and

Luckman.

7. U.S.P.H.S. Design and Construction of General Hospitals, p. 58.

8. Memorial Hospital, St. LoFrance: Paul Nelson.

9. Nuffield Provincial Hospital Trust. Studies in tIe Functions and Design

of Hospitals, p. 68.

10. Warwick Smith. - Planning the Surgical Suite, p. 225.

11. Ibid, p. 226.

12. Ibid, p. 304.

 - 47 -

SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Nursing Units

Bed Area (includes rooms - 48 - lockers and baths) 6300

Day Area 400

Treatment Rooms (2) 288

Nurses' Station

Utility Room 350

Soiled Utility 150

Floor Pantry 100

Storage and Closet Space 300

Visitors 6oo

Surgical and Obstetrical Suites

Major Operating Room (8) 3200

Special Operating Rooms (2) 1100

Control Room 350

Viewing Rooms (2) 350

Scrub-up Rooms (5) 500

Sub-Sterilizing Rooms (5) 6oo

Clean-up Rooms (5) 100

Instruments 100

Medical gases 100

Bulk Storage 300

Frozen Section Laboratory 100
 - 48 -

Recover Room 1500

Isolation Room 150

Classrooms (2) 1200

Seminar 120

Emergency 400

Lockers (professional males) 360

Lockers (non-professional males) 360

Lockers (females) 400

Lounge 200

Linen 50
Surgical Supervisor 120

Clerks 200

Chief of Staff> 120

Anesthesiologist 120

Delivery Rooms (4) 1600

Scrub-up Rooms (2) 200

Sub-Sterilizing Rooms (2) 240

Labor Rooms (8) 960

Nursing Rooms 100

Emergency

Receiving
150
Admitting Office
150
Waiting Room
250
Minor Operating -Room
250
Treatment Rooms (4) 400
 - 49 -

Utility Room 250

Isolation Rooms (2) 340

Nurses' Station 100

Male Ward 260

Female Ward 260

Toilets and Baths 250

X-Ray and Radiation Therapy

Radiology and Fluorscopy Rooms (5) 1400

Cystoscopic Rooms (2) 580

Recovery Rooms and Toilets 200

Deep Therapy 380

Superficial Therapy 380

Control Rooms 100

Recovery Room 150

Radioisotope 280

Preparation Room 100

Fracture-reducing Room 280

Office space (3) 420

Waiting Space 500

Dark Room 280

Film File 480-

Viewing Room 280

 - 50 -

Laboratory

General Laboratory 2000

Office 150

Toilets 150

Utility Room 120

Reception 50

Waiting Room 100

Collection Rooms (6) 300

Pathologist 150

Storage 150

Necropsy

Autopsy Rooms (3) 1000

Storage 100

Laboratory 200

Morgue 320

Viewing Room: 150

Mechanical Room 100

Lockers 200

Museum 380

Classroom 280

Office 200

Pharmacy

Compound and Dispensing Laboratory 1000

 - 51 -

Parental Solution Laboratory 300

Activity Store Room 400

Manufacturing Laboratory 200

Office and Library 150

Physical Therapy

Exercises and Pool 1300

Hydrotherapy 380

Electrotherapy 280

Office 150

Waiting Room 200

Lockers and Toilets 160

Administration

Main Lobby and Waiting Room 1600

Retiring Room 380

Public Telephones (10)

Public Toilets 580

Gift Shop 6oo

Snack Bar 6oo

Chapel 300
Information and Telephone 100

Admissions and Social Service 200

Business Office 580

Records 900

Library and Conference 580

 - 52 -

Hospital Administrator 200

Director of Nursing 200

Ass't. Director of Nursing 200

Secretaries 200

Misc. Office Space 400

Conference Room 200

Toilets 150

Dietary Facilities

Main Kitchen (includes bake shop, meat, vegetable and salad

preparation) 5000

Refrigeration and Freezing 350

Dry Storage 350

Receiving 400

Dietitian's Office 200

Dishwashing Room 600

Cart Washing and Storage 800

Serving 600

Dining Room 2500

Private Dining Room 600

Employee Dining 300

Housekeeping Facilities.

Central Linen Room 800

Housekeepex 150

Soiled Linen 400

 - 53 -

Laundry 4000

Locker Facilities

Nurses' Locker Room and Lounge 1200

Doctors' Lounge 400

Male Lockers 1000

Female Lockers 1000

Lounge 800

Stores

Central Stores 6ooo

Central Sterilizing 800

Distribution 300

Maintenance

Department Office - 150

Mechanical Shop 350
Electrical Shop 200

Carpenter Shop 350

Reffibrg Shop 300
General Storage 400
 - 541-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

American Medical Association. A Planning Guide for Establishing

Medical Practice Units. Sears Roebuck Foundation, 1956.

"Architectural Record." Hospitals, Clinics, and Health Centers.

F.W. Dodge Corporation, New York, 1960.

Biderman, Benjamin Harris. A Two Hundred Bed General Hospital and

Outpatient Clinic for Grand Prairie and Irving Texas. Architectural
Thesis, M.I.T., 1955.

Birch-Lindgun, Gustof. Modern Hospital Planning in Sweden and Other

Countries. Architectural Book Publishing Company., New York.

"Building Types Study - 291, Hospitals." Architectural Record.

February, 1961.

Butler, Charles. Erdman, Addison. Hospital Planning. F.W. Dodge

Corporation, New York, 1946.

Goldstein, Mar. "Thesis, Department of Architecture, Yale University."

Progressive Architecture, October, 1959.

"Hospital in the Round", Architectural Forum, September, 1958.

Kirchner, Martin. "Fellowship Thesis, Department of Architecture,

Yale University", Paul Nelson, Advisor. Progressive Architecture,
October, 1959.

Levine, Robert H. "Proposal for the Future". Progressive Architecture,

July 1960.

Nelson, Paul. Cite Hospitaliere de Lille. Editions, Cahiers D'art,

Paris, 1941.

Nelson, Paul. "Memorial Hospital St. Lo, France." Progressive Archi-

tecture, October, 1957.
 - 55 -

Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust. Studies in the Functions and

Design of Hospitals. Oxford University Press, Londa 1955.

Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Wel-

fare. Design and Construction of General Hospitals. F.W. Dodge,
Corporation, New York, 1953.

U.S.P.H.S. "Planning the Laboratory for the General Hospital."

Architectural Record, February, 1961.

Rosenfield, Isadore. Hospitals - Integrated Design. Second Edition.

Reinhold Publishing Company, New York, 1950.

Smith, Warwick. Planning the Surgical Suite. F.W. Dodge Corporation,

New York, 1960.

"U.S. Designs for Hospitals Abroad". Progressive Architecture,

February, 1960.
 - 56 -

THIRD ANNUAL COMPETITION - MASTIC TILE DIVISION - THE RUBEROID COMPANY

The health and hospital facilities of the parent city have been extended

and developed to a point of congestion and the regional hospital council

has recomiended that future efforts be directed to developing a COORDINATED

HOSPITAL SYSTEM on the general framwork formulated by the United States Public

Health Service, in which medical care facilities are proposed as follows:

Community Clinic
Rural Hospital
District Hosnital
Base Hospital

The community's growth indicates a population of from 75,000 to 100,000 within

a normal automobile radius of 20 minutes, and it has been decided that the Com-

munity Clinic should be consolidated with the Rural Hospital to form a Suburban

General Hospital of 200.beds.

It is further proposed that the Surburban General Hospital be planned for inte-

grated expansion in successive steps toward full completion over a 15-year period

as a District Hospital with full complement of specialty services and a teaching

program for nurses, internes and residents.

The regional hospital council has drawn attention to the following medical trends

in patient care and has requested that consideration thereto be given in the

planning study:
 - 57 -

1. An Out Patient Department geared to a minimum of 40,000

clinic visits per annum with provision for flexible expansion as the

Hospital grows.

2. Many doctors have found it advantageous to have private offices

within the Hospital complex, where availability of complete diag-

nostic-treatment facilities are at their command. It has been agreed

that the planning program should include 30 offices for private

practitioners.

3. Treatment of patients on a full bed, semi-ambulatory or full

ambulatory basis.

It is the purpose of this Competition to explore the experience of the architec-

tural profession in solving this Hospital problem of growing medical needs within

a cost range which can be supported by the community.

The following tables are given merely as a general statement rather than as a

limiting or limited program. Awards will be based on the greatest contribution

in medical planning including feasibility for change as medical advances are made,

architectural quality of physical expression, and feasiblity of construction within

reasonable economic range.

SUBURBAN HOSPITAL DISTRICT HOSPITAL BASE HOSPITAL
20 beds 500 beds Already provided in parent
city.

Major Surgery Major Surgery Radiology Heart Clinic Cancer Clinic

Diagnostic
Internal Medecine Obstetrics Treatment Major Surgery Psychiatric Serv
Obstetrics Pediatrics Physiotherapy Internal Medecine Laboratory
Pediatrics Internal Medecine Dentistry- Obstetrics Pathology
Bacteriology
Laboratory Communicable Diseases Eye, Ear, Pediatrics Chemistry
Tuberculosis Nose,
Pathology Venereal Disease and Throat Orthopedic Surgery Radiology
Bacteriology Other
Chemistry Dietetics Communicable Diseases Diagnostic
Tuberculosis Treatment
Radiolcgy Psychiatric Service Teaching Venereal Disease Psyiotherapy
Nurses Other Teaching
Diagnostic Internes Nurses
Treatment Residents Eye,Ear, Nose, Internes
Post Graduates Throat Residents

Dietetics
 - 59 -

The expansion program shall be arranged for a three-stage growth, with sug-

gested distribution of beds as follows:

Service Stage I Stage II Stage III

Normal Medical-Surgical 115 125 165

Intensive Care 20 20 40
Minimal Care 40 60
Obstetrics 40 70 90
Pediatrics 25 45 70
Psychiatry 75

TOTAL BEDS 200 300 500

 ,NDUSTURALAREA

'p RECREATION
AREA

A 500 BED SITE PLAN

GENERAL HOSPITAL

A 500 BEDGENERAL
HOSPITAL
A1m a

__________son__________e__as__
or .
 I ONE-EDEDN
I TWO-ESD
AE 49
NURSE'S
CKER
EXERCSE Room
I THRE-BEDitOM so NyDRTHERAPV
S I S IS STATIN
4 NURUSE S. ELECTROTHERAPY

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT r5 e F ME E OM :1 A UDITORIUM

6 ERAM TREAT MOOM I OPERATMNGOOM
E UNLT OM U4 PIAL OPERATG ROOM
a ROMKEO I
9: COMULTATDN
5 46
DELIVERYWtOM
CUB-UP
BE PLANU-U
PANTTY T RISZG
4ELABOR
L 4 il ROM
.2

14
I
MEDICINE
1uRAGE
DAY
ROM
ACTEVITY
I9

6I
U
CLEAN2UP
6
S1URAGE
ANES1THEISIA
NTUET
G LUM

.6 WNRERY 63LABOR'MUY
CENTRAL STORES LINEN LAUNORY 17SUSPECT NURSRY 64 DK'TATING
z m IS PRE+MATURE
NURSERY 64 CONTAOL
ROOM
19 FUMULA OM
20COINTINDOUllBATH 67
66
15LATWN
PEEPARIATON

IS
I DISTURSED
PATIENT 6 0 REOVRY SOO It2 DOC7TUR 69 EIP rxxRAPY

23TIME
KEEPER 70 SUPERFICIAL
THERAPY
24 UNIURM 71 RADIUM
Th- TEN
24 DINNG 72FRCTR

Og 2 BAKEHOP
27 REFRGAUS
7 DARK .O 74CYTS CP

CEN STERILIZING -- 29 ALAD.AND VETABLE. PREP 76 FILM ILEU

m
-

---
TPREP
3 MEA
STURAGE
32~~~CARTS
1 DRY
77 FLMVEIN

7
aRTRIGOM
tSNSOFC
-. 3 DIS WAHM~ ADMITTING'

CENTRAL
IS A 0 1. 3 OFFICE al
TFRIN
11 s.Alx"2REO~
:. LIBRARY
SUPPLY
I7 M!'KRoPERATEG
36

8
GrT

45
SuOP
ADMIISTRAIU
.9 36 RECEPTK3N SECRETARY

S40AU1OPSY ISOOM :.7 ASST DIR OF NUR-1NG

MAINTel
42IN
IF43 MORGUE
L~sROO as EN5STRY
MUEU 89NO
KEE

44VEINOM
45DOCTOR'.: WU.Ki 92 DITRIBUTIN
91
90CONTAMINATED LNEN
-M.RTN AND MARKN

PHARMACY 47 NURS' WOUNE 94 PHARMACY

BA SEM E NT P LAN 0 ,. . .0 . .

A 500SEDGENERAL
HOSPITAL

saeIlluRgPAueM PW,"r. IN,IReA

amm0Mv
I" ITmGIN. SIS N
 --- - --6 - - -- -i - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - N- - - - - -6 - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -a- -- - - - -i - - - -- - - - - - -

-. ~~ Vt= -

DOCTORS

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

A 500 EDGENERALHOSFITAL
.Ne.ve.
e0. ,
 OUTPATIENT
CLINIC

1.L

I 4T' 11
ADMNISTRATION

FIRST FLOOR 'IlATIENTS OUTPATIENTS

PLAN

A 500 BEDGENERALHOSPITAL
 __ I _ __ _ _

MINIMUM CARE UNIT MINIMUM CARE UNIT

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

r:i;- I .--- L ;l i*1

PEDIATRICUNIT PEDIATRICUNIT

THIRD FLOOR PLAN

A 500 REDGENERAL
HOSPITAL
OBSTETRICAL UNIT OBSTETRICALUNIT

FOURTH FLOOR PLAN

AL UNIT SURGICAL UNIT

MEDICAL-
MEDICAL-SURGIC

FIFTH FLOOR PLAN

HOSPITAL
A S00 REDGENERAL
 L _ - ]._

MAXIMUM CARE UNIT CONTAGIOUSDISEASE UNIT

SEVENTH FLOOR PLAN

JJ LL r uLTU
IEk -~-1 -- F -AL

PSYCHIATRICUNIT PSYCHIATRIC
UNIT

EIGHTH FLOOR PLAN

A S0O BEDGENERAL
HOSPITAL
 K -~

NORTHWEST ELEVATION

SOUTHWEST ELEVATION

= o 2ao o 4o so HOSPITAL
BEDGENERAL
A SOO

A C8sTEUR UTw.
SECTION A

SECTION B

o o o ao o o A 500SED GENERALHOSPITAL
C~ lb.o1,fTillw "me
ARITCUR
-1-1 M
JUL
T
W~