Qualitative
Research Design
MS. CINDY FULVADORA-JUNTONG
I Qualitative Research Design
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Describe the types of qualitative research designs
2. Identify the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of qualitative
research designs
3. Explain the importance of qualitative research across fields
I Qualitative Research Design
There are varied ways of doing qualitative research. We will focus on six
types of qualitative research.
1. phenomenology
2. ethnography
3. grounded theory
4. case study
5. discourse/conversation analysis
6. narrative analysis.
I Qualitative Research Design
Phenomenology
Phenomenological studies examine human experiences through
the descriptions provided by the people involved. These
experiences are called lived experiences. The goal of
phenomenological studies is to describe the meaning that
experiences hold for each subject.
purpose is to describe experiences as they are lived
no clearly define steps to avoid limiting creativity of researcher
I Qualitative Research Design
Example:
What is like for a mother to live with a teenage child who is dying a
cancer?
What are the effects of cyberbullying among students?
I Qualitative Research Design
Ethnography
Ethnographic studies involve the collection
and analysis of data about cultural groups
In ethnographic research, the researcher
frequently lives with the people and becomes
a part of their culture. The researcher explores
with the people their rituals and customs. An
entire cultural group may be studied or a
subgroup in the culture.
I Qualitative Research Design
Ethnography
Ethnographic studies involve the collection
and analysis of data about cultural groups
In ethnographic research, the researcher
frequently lives with the people and becomes
a part of their culture. The researcher explores
with the people their rituals and customs. An
entire cultural group may be studied or a
subgroup in the culture.
describe culture's characteristics
I Qualitative Research Design
Advantage Disadvantage
Direct Observation Time Recruitment
Links with theory Reliability
Detailed Data Interviewer Effect
Contrast and Comparison Safety
Ethics
Examples:
What are the trainings of Aeta teachers from Cantillejos, Zambales for the past ten years to provide insights
into the formulation of a teacher education model for indigenous people?
I Qualitative Research Design
Grounded Theory
studies in which data are collected and analyzed and then a
theory is developed that is grounded in the data
use in discovering what problems exist in social science and how
people handle them
I Qualitative Research Design
Adavantage Disadvantage
The subjectivity of data leads to difficulties in establishing reliabilit
systematic and rigorous procedure
and validity.
rich data from the experiences of individual
Result - highly qualitative result in nature
Example:
1. A researcher might be interested in how young women deal with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
2. Doctor conduct study about personal control and emotional comfort of hospitalized patient.
I Qualitative Research Design
Case Study
are in-depth examinations of people or groups of people. Allows the in-depth
investigation of complex issues within a specific context, based on a small
geographical area or a very limited number of individuals as the subjects of
study
Example:
What coping mechanism do patient employ after surgery?
How did Reming Survivors recover from the physical devastation and
haunting memories brought about by the typhoon?
I Qualitative Research Design
Discourse/ Conversation of Analysis
the use and development of theories
and methods which elucidate how this
meaning and coherence is achieved.
I Qualitative Research Design
Therefore, you may consider discourse analysis if you are researching:
Some form of power or inequality (for example, how affluent individuals interact
with those who are less wealthy
How people communicate in a specific context (such as in a social situation
with colleagues versus a board meeting)
Ideology and how ideas (such as values and beliefs) are shared using
language (like in political speeches)
How communication is used to achieve social goals (such as maintaining a
friendship or navigating conflict)
I Qualitative Research Design
Narrative Analysis Focuses on the narratives (storytelling) used as source of data.
A restricted story about one specific moment in time with a plot, characters, and setting, but
doesn’t encompass the entirety of a person’s life.
Example: a research participant’s answer to a single interview question
Personal narratives come from a long interview or a series of long narrative interviews that give an
extended account of someone’s life. Example: a researcher conducting an in-depth interview, or a
series of in-depth interviews with an individual over an extended period of time.
Constructed from a collection of interviews, observations, and documents about a person’s life.
Example: a historian putting together the biography of someone’s life from past artifacts.
