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Conditional Probability

Conditional probability is the probability that an event will occur given that another event has already occurred. This is written as P(B|A), where P(B) is the probability of event B given that event A has already occurred. If events A and B are independent, their conditional probabilities are equal to their individual probabilities. If events are mutually exclusive, meaning they cannot occur simultaneously, their conditional probabilities are always equal to zero.

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108 views3 pages

Conditional Probability

Conditional probability is the probability that an event will occur given that another event has already occurred. This is written as P(B|A), where P(B) is the probability of event B given that event A has already occurred. If events A and B are independent, their conditional probabilities are equal to their individual probabilities. If events are mutually exclusive, meaning they cannot occur simultaneously, their conditional probabilities are always equal to zero.

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Ting Hooi
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Conditional Probability

 
Typically, the conditional probability of the event is the probability that
the event will occur, provided the information that an event A has
already occurred. This probability can be written as P(B|A), notation
signifies the probability of B given A. 

Conditional Probability of Independent Events


 
Also, in some cases events, A and B are independent events,i.e.,
event A has no effect over the probability of event B, that time, the
conditional probability of event B given event A, P(B|A), is the
essentially the probability of event B, P(B). The formula is given by
P(B|A)= P(B)
 
Or, the conditional probability of two independent events are; 
 
When given event A, the probability of event B occurring is
given by
P(B|A)= P(B)
 
And, the given event B, probability of event A occurring is given
by
P(A|B)= P(A) 

Conditional Probability of Mutually Exclusive Events


 
Under the probability theory, mutually exclusive events are events
that cannot occur simultaneously. In simple words, if one event has
already occurred, another event cannot occur at the same time.
Therefore, the probability of mutually exclusive events is always zero.
 
Therefore, P(B|A)= 0 and P(A|B)= 0 

Conditional Probability Formula


Formula for Conditional Probability

Where:

 P(A|B) – the conditional probability; the probability of event A occurring given that event B
has already occurred
 P(A ∩ B) – the joint probability of events A and B; the probability that both events A and B
occur
 P(B) – the probability of event B

The formula above is applied to the calculation of the conditional probability of


events that are neither independent nor mutually exclusive.

Conditional Probability for Independent Events

Two events are independent if the probability of the outcome of one event does not
influence the probability of the outcome of another event. Due to this reason, the
conditional probability of two independent events A and B is:

P(A|B) = P(A)

P(B|A) = P(B)

Conditional Probability for Mutually Exclusive Events

In probability theory, mutually exclusive events are events that cannot occur
simultaneously. In other words, if one event has already occurred, another can event
cannot occur. Thus, the conditional probability of mutually exclusive events is always
zero.

P(A|B) = 0

P(B|A) = 0

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