OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
QUEZON CITY
UNDS111
UNDERSTANDING
SELF
Fatima Aira S. Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
MIDTERM
Week 9
The Spiritual Self
Week 7
The Sexual Self
Week 10
The Political Self
Week 8
The Material &
Economical Self
Week 11
Digital Self: Self &
Others in Cyberspace
Fatima Aira S. Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 7
The Sexual Self
THE SEXUAL SELF
Human Sexual Behavior
is complex and complicated, thus, it is
not all different from other species.
(Feldman, 2010)
Male Reproductive System
HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
A. TESTIS
is an organ system by which
is the most important part of male
reproduces and bear live offspring.
reproductive organ.
It requires the union between the
it is the source of Spermatozoa (male
male and female reproductive
system to which carries out to germ cell)
produce another life form.
B. SCROTUM
The major function of the
is a sac of skin where the two testes are
reproductive system is to ensure
enveloped; directly below and outside
survival of the species.
provided that all organs are of the abdomen.
present, human reproductive C. PROSTATE GLANDS
system works from the release of
it is a gland that carries out both urine
egg cell, from female reproductive
and seminal fluid.
organ, to the fertilization of sperm
cells, to the conception, up t giving it is connected by sperm ducts from
birth of the baby and eventually to sperm ducts joining into single tube
the return of the female physical called urethra.
body to the original state.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 7
The Sexual Self
D. PENIS
During the sexual intercourse,
it is where the ejaculation occurs by
the semen from male is discharged
sending sperm cell from testis and
secrete out. in the vagina. The sperms will begin
moving up to the uterus reaching
E. SPERM the fallopian tube. During the travel,
it is a male gametes, one that is most of the sperms will die while
necessary for the egg to develop and climbing up the fallopian tube, only
become a baby.
one sperm will enter the ovum and
can remain alive for only 12 hours.
Female Reproductive System In this time, if it meets ovum which
A. OVARY will lead to fertilization. This zygote
it is a pair of small, oval organs which (fertilzed egg) will form an embryo
procedures ova (ovum; female germ from which will enter gestation
cells). period. It is around 9 months in time
thousands of ova will mature and will for the woman to get birth.
be taken up to the fallopian tube
through the uterus by the time of
puberty. PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
B. FALLOPIAN TUBE OF SEXUAL ECITEMENT
a pair of thin tubes that leads from
EROGENOUS ZONE
ovaries to the uterus.
part of the body that particularly
sensitive to touch, pressure and
C. UTERUS
vibration which contributes to sexual
(womb) it is a hollow pear-shaped
arousal.
elastic muscular structure where
female and male erogenous zone are
fertilized ovum (zygote) develops into a
reproductive organ (vagina, penis,
baby.
scrotum, & clitoris), mouth (lips), neck,
D. VAGINA breast (nipples) and ears.
it is a tube leading to outside of the
body through an opening called vulva.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 7
The Sexual Self
Phases of Sexual Response DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL
BEHAVIOR
According to Johnson & Master (1996),
sexual response follows a regular HETEROSEXUALITY
romantic or sexual attraction and
pattern consisting of four (4) phases:
behavior directed to other sex.
arousal, plateau, orgasm and resolution.
more than female-male intercourse, it
AROUSAL PHASE involves kissing, petting, caressing,
a subjective sequence of sexual massaging and other form of sexual
pleasure. activities.
the physiological sign in males is penile
HOMOSEXUALITY
tumescence (erection) and
romantic or sexual attraction between
vasocongestion to female leads to
members of same sex.
vaginal lubrication and nipple erection.
BISEXUALITY
PLATEAU PHASE romantic or sexual attraction to same
a brief period of time before the
sex or the other sex.
orgasm.
it is the body's preparation for orgasm. TRANSSEXUALITY
these are people who believed they
ORGASM PHASE
were born with the body of the other
an intense, highly pleasurable
gender.
experience.
TRANSGENDERISM
RESOLUTION PHASE
these are people who view themselves
where the decrease of arousal happens.
as a third gender, they are
genitals resume on their unaroused
transvestites (who wears clothes of the
state and shape; blood pressure,
other gender) or those who believed
breathing and heart return to normal.
that traditional male-female
classifications inadequately
characterized them.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 7
The Sexual Self
METHODS OF Natural Method of Contraception
CONTRACEPTION
METHOD:
NATURAL CONTRACEPTION Abstinence
type of birth control that depend with RATE OF FAILURE:
observations on woman's body through 0%
monitoring and recording different DESCRIPTION:
fertility signals during her menstrual Most effective way of birth control. Done
cycle. thru abstaining from sexual intercourse. It
these may be in a form of abstinence, is also the mot effective way to avoid STIs.
calendar method, basal body
temperature method, cervical mucus METHOD:
method, symtothermal method, Calendar Method
ovulation method, ovulation detection, RATE OF FAILURE:
lactation amenorrhea method, and 25%
coitus interruptus. DESCRIPTION:
Also called as the 'Rhythm Method'. It
ARTIFICIAL METHOD involves avoiding coitus during the days
a diverse method of contraception that the woman is fertile.
using to prevent conception of a
woman. METHOD:
these are oral contraception, Basal Body Temperature
transdermal patch, vaginal ring, RATE OF FAILURE:
subdermal implants, hormonal 9 to 25%
injection, intrauterine device (IUD), DESCRIPTION:
chemical barriers, diaphragm, cervical BBT is the woman's body temperature at
cap, male and female condoms, surgical rest. Done by monitoring the changes in
methods (vasectomy and tubal the woman's temperature every morning
ligation). before any activity. A slight increase and
decrease in her temperature will be her
sign of ovulation (fertile). This period the
woman must abstain from
mating for the next 3 days.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 7
The Sexual Self
METHOD: METHOD:
Cervical Mucus Method Lactation Amenorrhea Method
RATE OF FAILURE: RATE OF FAILURE:
25% --
DESCRIPTION: DESCRIPTION:
Here the basis is the changes in the This is exclusive for breastfeeding woman.
cervical mucus during the ovulation. Thus, it should be noted that the woman is
According to this method, a woman is advise to choose other method after
fertile when the cervical mucus is profuse period of three months or if the mother is
and watery. During this time she must not exclusively breastfeeding or is using
avoid coitus during this days. formula drink for the baby.
METHOD: METHOD:
Symptothermal Method Coitus Interruptus
RATE OF FAILURE: RATE OF FAILURE:
2% 75%
DESCRIPTION: DESCRIPTION:
It is the combination of Basal Body The oldest method of contraception. This
Temperature (BBT) and Cervical Mucus is where the couple proceeds with coitus
Method. but the moment he ejaculates, the men
withdraw before emit spermatozoa
METHOD: outside of the vagina.
Ovulation Detection
RATE OF FAILURE:
2%
DESCRIPTION:
It is an over-the-counter kit that requires a
urine specimen to detect the Luteinizing
Hormone (LH) to predict ovulation.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 7
The Sexual Self
Artificial Method of METHOD:
Contraception Hormonal Injections
DESCRIPTION:
METHOD:
This injection prevents ovulation and
Oral Contraception
cause change in the cervical mucus. It has
DESCRIPTION:
an almost 100% effectiveness. And one of
It is known as the "Pill." Contains synthetic
the most popular choice for birth control.
estrogen and progesterone. It is
recommended to take the pill on the first METHOD:
Sunday after the beginning of the Intrauterine Injections
menstrual flow. DESCRIPTION:
It is a small T-shaped object inserted in
METHOD:
uterus thru vagina to prevent fertilization.
Transdermal Patch
It is done only by a physician right after
DESCRIPTION:
the woman's menstruation to be sure that
It is a patch applied in the following areas;
she is not pregnant.
upper outer arm, upper torso, abdomen or
buttocks for three weeks. METHOD:
Chemical Barriers
METHOD:
Vaginal Ring DESCRIPTION:
These are used to cause death of the
DESCRIPTION:
sperm before it can enter the cervix of the
Releases a combination of estrogen and
woman. These are spermicides, vagina
progesterone and surrounds the cervix. It
gels and creams, and glycerin films.
remains in there for 3 weeks. It was
removed on the fourth week as menstrual
METHOD:
period flows. The woman becomes fertile
Diaphragm
as soon as the ring is removed.
DESCRIPTION:
METHOD: Inhibits the entrance of into the vagina. It
Subdermal Implants should not be left in place for more than
DESCRIPTION: 24 hours to avoid irritation. It has a failure
It is a two rod-like implants under the skin rate of 16%.
of the woman during her menstruation or
on the 7th day of her menstruation to
make sure tat she will not get pregnant.
Have a 1% failure.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 7
The Sexual Self
METHOD:
Condoms
DESCRIPTION:
Male Condoms is a synthetic rubber
sheath that is placed in the erect penis
before penetration to avoid the sperm
to enter the vagina during the
ejaculation.
Female Condoms is also a synthetic
rubber placed against the vaginal
opening to prevent the sperm to enter
the vaginal during the ejaculation.
METHOD:
Surgical Methods
DESCRIPTION:
Vasectomy is a procedure done to
male through small incision made on
each side of the scrotum to block the
passage of sperms.
Tubal Ligation is a procedure done to
female through cutting, cauterizing, or
blocking the fallopian tube to inhibit
the passage of both sperm and the
ova.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 8
The Material and Economical Self
THE MATERIAL &
BODY
ECONOMICAL SELF
William James, a Harvard Psychologist in
the late nineteenth century wrote the
Principles of Psychology in 1980. POSSE
Understanding the self can be examined SSIONS SELF FAMILY
through the different components:
- 1. Constituents
2. The feelings and emotions they
arouse
FRIENDS
3. The actions to which they
prompt
- The constituents of self composed
of the material self, the social self, The losing of such objects or people will
and the spiritual self. render one feel that apart of him was
also lost at the same time.
THE MATERIAL SELF
We represent ourselves through clothes
According to William James, the man's
we wear, the gadgets we use, the
"Material Self" is not only consisting of
friends we have and the things we do.
his own body but al includes the
different things he possess from one's With this is mind, the choices we make
family, friends, as well as things such as in order to achieve the recognition of
clothes, house, cars, gadgets, and even others depends not only on our own
the amount of money.
capabilities but more so on the value we
We are what we have and what we
and other people give to what we have
possess.
One define themselves and at the same or acquire.
time is being defined by other people
they are acquainted along with the
accumulation of objects and
achievements.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 9
The Spiritual Self
SPIRITUAL SELF
THE SPIRITUAL SELF BODY
In the Philippines, our country is
known to have a culture tat values the
The most enduring and intimate part of
techniques of religion, where our
the self.
notion of right and wrong is based on
the teachings of the church or any
The innermost workings of the religion that the people are following.
person's mind, behavior, beliefs, People act according to how they feel,
and even morals that involves every what they believe in and what they
aspect of the human as a person. want to do or happen.
- William James
The Practice of Religion:
Belief in Supernatural
Being & Power
Manifestations of the
Spiritual Self Religion refers to belief and behaviors
related to supernatural beings and
PERSON'S WILL
refers to one's wishes, these are the powers.
things that we want to see and achieve Worldview is broader than religion.
in our lives. Worldview refers to the collective
body of ideas that members of a
INTELLIGENCE & ABILITIES
culture generally share concerning the
these are perceived strengths of a
ultimate shape and substance of their
person.
reality.
MORALS Religion also differs from spirituality,
it is the definition of what is right and which is a concern with the sacred in
wrong. an individual manner.
VALUES
the person's ability to distinguish what
is important and what is not.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 9
The Spiritual Self
Religion VS Spirituality SUPERNATURALS
the supernatural is around you all of the
RELIGION time, especially in non-industrialized
Is an organized system of ideas about societies.
spiritual reality, or the supernatural, in a lot of cultures, health, wealth and
along with associated beliefs and daily things are related to supernatural.
ceremonial practices. (Haviland, 2007)
SPIRITUALITY Functions of Religion
Concern with the sacred, as distinguish
from material matters. In contrast to COGNITIVE FUNCTION
religion, spirituality is often individual enabling humans to explain the
rather collective and does not require a unexplainable phenomena.
distinctive format or traditional
EMOTIONAL FUNCTION
organization (Haviland, 2007).
helping individuals to cope up with
anxieties that often accompany illness,
Myth, Rituals, & Supernatural accidents, death and other misfortunes.
SOCIAL FUNCTION
MYTH social control, conflict resolution and
a sacred narrative that explains the building group solidarity.
fundamentals of human existence -
where we and everything in our world THE CONCEPT OF
came from, why we are here, and where DUNGAN - Spirit or Soul
we are going.
The soul or spirit of a person has two
RITUALS dimensions:
a culturally prescribed symbolic act or the human body
procedure designed to guide designed spiritual
to guide members of a community in an
orderly way through personal and
collective transitions.
two types: calendric & crisis
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 9
The Spiritual Self
SOUL LOGOTHERAPY
referred to as 'kaluluwa' by the
Tagalogs or Dungan by the Ilonggos Frankl observed that it may be
comes from the root word 'duwa' or physiologically damaging when a
two. person's search for meaning is
Dungan is not seen by the human eye. blocked.
For instance, it can be in a form of Positive life purpose and meaning was
insect or a small animal such as lizard. associated with strong religious
Bisayans believe that the dungan beliefs, membership in group,
leaves the body while person is asleep. dedication to a cause, life values, and
Dungan is also connoted as clear goals.
"willpower" Viktor Frankl's theory holds a three
If a person has a strong willpower, it is primary human capabilities called as
said t have a strong dungan. noological possibilities:
- self-detachment
- self-transcendence
RITUALS & CEREMONIES
- ability to "spituality be in touch"
Rituals in the Philippines:
Visayan fishing villages practice the with something or someone
offering ritual called harang. independent spatio-temporal
A local shaman invokes sea-spirits. dimensions.
There are several stages:
1. Purification of the place (tuob) 3 POSTULATES
2. Invocation of Spirits (pagtawag)
ANTHROPOLOGICAL
3. Explanation of Motivation, Request, &
"Man does not simply exist but always
Entreaty (pangamuyo)
decides what his existence will be, what
4. Offering Communion (bayad)
he will become in the next moment."
5. Feast (kan-on)
Man is ultimately self-determining.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 9
The Spiritual Self
PSYCHOLOGICAL
Man's key motivation is the search for
meaning.
PHILOSOPHICAL
Life has unconditional meaning,
regardless of the circumstances or
situation.
His life in the concentration camp,
Frankl writes that he found meaning
that helped strengthen his will to
survive.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 10
The Political Self
Developing a Filipino Identity: Aspects BODY
in Developing
Values, Traits, Community and Filipino Identity
Institutional Factors
INDIVIDUAL ATTITUDES & TRAITS
Collecting action, shared vision, Dualism of Filipino Traits
means of sustainable future and the Colonial/Accomodative Surface Value
link to generation has been crucial in Confrontatie Surface Value
the construction of identity and sense Pivotal Interpersonal Value
of belonging in the democratic Linking/Socio-Personal Value
standpoint. Associated Societal Value
In the socio physiological perspective,
INSTITUIONAL FACTORS
citizenship or being a Filipino serves a
Family
cognitive and motivational basis for
Church
one's beliefs and behavior.
School
Enhancing the practice of citizenship
Media
and democracy is crucial to the
Government
awareness and understanding of self
Non-Government
and community. People's Organization
Three Major Concerns in MACRO-FACTORS AT THE SOCIETAL
Building an identity Intermediate community with which
one readily identifies one's self
INSTRUMENTAL
Less intimate grouping of which one is
an individual act in accordance with
a member.
rules and identities consistent with
supportive of democratic processes.
MORALS
values and beliefs embody and
reinforce democratic principles.
TRANSFORMATIVE
includes process of self-reflection and
redefinition of individuals, institutions,
and communities.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 10
The Political Self
Establishing a Democratic Culture
Sense of community and public good and empowerment of people are central
questions to consider in the development of democracy agenda.
According to Diokno 1999, in her article "Becoming a Filipino Citizen,
Perspective on Citizenship and Democracy." the agenda was crafted in
September 1996 in which perceptions of citizenship and democracy from
different standpoints were discussed.
The following frameworks were use as a guide in the development of democracy
agenda.
March and Olsen's Framework of March and Olsen's Framework of
Democratic Political Development Democratic Political Development
Building institutions that civilize Official conduct in accordance with
expressions of solidarity and the law.
confrontation of conflict among A judicial system applied equally to
identities. all.
Forming specific identities Social conditions for the exercise of
(character, habits of thought, sense citizen's rights.
of reality and codes of conduct) that
fit into and support a democratic
political order.
Sense of solidarity that connects the
individual to a broad political
community of others and organize
others and organizes other
belongings in a way enriches the
community.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 11
Digital Self: Self & Others in Cyberspace
DIGITAL SELF Two Types of Self-Presentation
The mask we put on to draw in the PLEASING THE AUDIENCE
innovative world. this type of self-presentation which
Sarte explained that the reason we try to match self to the audience's
want to have something is t expectations and preferences.
enlarge our sense of self and that's SELF-CONSTRUCTION
the only way we can know who we this type of self-presentation tries to
are is by observing what we have. match oneself to one's own ideal self.
Belk (1988), presented the concept the expression of the audience-
of the extended self: pleasing motive varies across
1. Dematerialization situations.
2. Reembodiment
3. Sharing Multiple Aspects of the Self
4. Co-construction of Self
1.ACTUAL SELF
5. Distributed Memory
this refers to the attributes an
individual possesses.
2. IDEAL SELF
this refers to the attributes an
individual would ideally possess.
3. OUGHT SELF
this refers to the attributes an
individual ought to possess.
SELF PRESENTATION &
IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT
It is behavior that attempts to
convey some information about
oneself or some image of oneself to
other people.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
Week 11
Digital Self: Self & Others in Cyberspace
According to Higgins, the "Seek first his kingdom and his
discrepancies between the actual righteousness, and all these things
will be given to you as well. Therefore
self and ideal self leads to feelings
do not worry about tomorrow, for
of dejection. tomorrow will worry about itself."
Matthew 6:33-34
Impacts of Online Interaction
on Self
Fighting, Future RNs!
COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION
It encompasses human communication
involving several exchanges through
various platforms such as text, audio,
and/or video messages.
A CMC interaction occurs through
various types of networking technology
and software, including email, internet
play chat (IRC), instant messaging (IM),
usenet and mailing list servers/
According to Dutton (1996), technology
can work two ways: open or close docial
choices.
Boundaries of Self Online
The line between offline and online
self has become blurred.
In present culture of constant
connectivity, the Internet is
coordinated into our lives with the
end goal that the experience of
being on the web is subjectively not
quite the same as before.
Fatima Aira Legaspi
ACADEMICIAN
