Name: Groups 5, 6, 7 Date: August 10, 2022
Course/Year: BSN 2A SET A Score:_____________
REPORT SHEET
ANALYSIS OF URINE
DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
A. Physical Appearance Description
Color The color of the urine sample was pale yellow.
Odor The urine sample was odorless.
pH The urine sample was acidic because the color
of the pH paper changed.
Transparency The urine sample was clear.
B. Determination of Specific Gravity
Specific Gravity – 1.000
Temperature - 21°C
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C. Test for Normal Constituents
Test Observations
1. Urea There were few pale-yellow precipitates shown at the
bottom of the solution and pale blue color on top.
Before doing the test, the color of the urine sample was
pale yellow. After adding 1ml of concentrated HCl
2. Uric acid
dropwise, there were still no changes in color.
After 3 days of storage, the urine sample with 1ml of conc.
HCl changed colors from a pale shade of yellow to red-
orange.
Drawing:
3. Creatinine When the saturated Picric acid (was added, the color of
the urine sample turned into yellow. And when 10 % of
Picric acid test
NAOH was added, the color of the solution turned red,
which signifies that it was acidified.
After adding few drops of 10% of NAOH and Thiosulphate,
Nitroprusside the color of the solution turned into pale yellow.
test
(Thiosulphate as
substitute)
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4. Indican Not performed.
5. Chlorides The color of the solution was with clear consistency and
few white precipitates at the bottom of the test tube.
6. Sulfates When the urine was added to the HCL, the litmus paper
turned pink. After adding 10% of BaCl2 , the solution
adopted the color of the litmus paper.
7. Calcium After adding 120 drops of 3% of potassium oxalate, few
precipitate were seen.
D. Test for Pathological Constituents
Observation Interpretation
1. Glucose
Your urine – A change in color were observed. TRACE
The solution turned blue green
and few white precipitates were
observed at the bottom of the test
tube.
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No color changes were observed.
The solution is still blue and a
0.5% - NEGATIVE
small amount of precipitate were
seen.
No color changes were observed.
The solution is still blue and a
small amount of precipitate were
1.0%- NEGATIVE
seen.
No color changes were observed.
The solution is still blue and a
small amount of precipitate were
seen.
1.5%- NEGATIVE
2. Albumin (heat and acetic acid method)
Observation Interpretation
Your urine- After heating, the upper part of Trace
the urine sample was cloudy and
slightly foamy and the bottom
part was clear. Precipitates were
also observed. After adding 3
drops of 3% acetic acid,
precipitate disappeared.
After heating, clouds and more
visible foams were formed at the
0.5%- upper part of the solution. 3+
Precipitates were more visible
than the pure urine solution.
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When 3 drops of 3% acetic acid
were added, there was a
1.0%- 4+
persistence in precipitate
observed.
1.5%- 2+
3. Rothera’s test (acetone bodies)
Observation
Your urine No visible changes were observed, the alkaline solution
turned blue in pink in pH paper and no purplish color
was shown.
No visible changes were also observed, pink pH paper
Urine + 6 drops of remained the same.
acetone
Observation
4. Gmelin’s Test Upon preparing the solution, the color of the urine
sample (pale yellow) remained the same, but as 5mL of
10% BaCl2 was added, it became cloudy. After stirring and
resting for five minutes, there were precipitates present in
the solution. After filtering and spreading on a dry and
unused filter paper, precipitates were seen as 2-3 drops
of nitric acid were added. Thus, there were no changes in
color. Therefore, there is no presence of bile pigment in
the urine sample provided.
Observation
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5. Pettenkofer’s test A red ring was visible after mixing and stirring the
solution
Observation
6. Blood After the urine sample had undergone in the centrifuge to
separate its components, there were no signs of blood
present or seen.
Biostrips result:
pH _____Acidic____
Specific gravity _____1.000____
Glucose _____Trace____
Albumin _____Trace____
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Questions:
1. What are the diseases associated with the presence of bile acids and acetone
bodies in urine?
- Reflux, Atresia, DKA: Bile is a greenish golden color secretion, produced
by the liver; is stored in gallbladder. Bile leaves from gallbladder through
bile duct and helps in absorption of fats. Bile duct may be obstructed,
causing gallstones. Biliary atresia, biliary cirrhosis, biliary cholangitis,
pancreatitis; bile reflux are bile related conditions. Acetone bodies are
ketone bodies and can cause DKA, ketoacidosis.
2. Did you find any indication that your urine is not normal? Discuss briefly
what might be the reason.
- Most of the result from the urine sample subjected to the different tests
yielded a negative result except the test for glucose and albumin in the
urine sample. The result for the aforementioned test revealed that traces
of glucose and albumin were present in the urine.
According to MedlinePlus, the urine contains very little to no amount of
glucose. Thus, the trace of glucose in the urine sample is still considered
normal. An article released by the National Kidney foundation also stated
that minimal amount of albumin in the urine is also normal; stating that
the normal amount of albumin in the urine is less than 30mg/g.
3. If blood is present in your urine, what does it indicate?
- While examining the urine we must observe the consistency, appearance
and the smell of urine and as we observe the urine specimen under the
microscope, we found that the urine sample was normal as it indicates
no sign of blood was present with the urine specimen.
4. Explain why people with diabetes mellitus have glycosuria?
- Because your body can't use the insulin that is present or because there
isn't enough of it, diabetes results in glycosuria. Without insulin, blood
sugar levels rise to an unmanageable level that your kidneys are unable
to filter and reabsorb. Your pee is how your body gets rid of extra waste.
Glycosuria is a common symptom of both type 1 diabetes and type 2
diabetes
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