Senior High School
Creative Writing
Quarter 1- LAS 5
Identifying the various elements, techniques,
and literary devices in specific forms of poetry
FOR TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL USE ONLY
DepEd Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) Sample Template
Name of Learner : ___________________________________________________
Grade Level : ___________________________________________________
Section / Strand : ___________________________________________________
Date : ___________________________________________________
___CREATIVE WRITING - Fiction___
Learning Area
TYPES OF POETRY AND LITERARY DEVICES
Topic
Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) with code: Identify the
various elements, techniques, and literary devices in specific forms of poetry
(HUMSS_CW/MP11/12cf-6)
After the completion of this learning activity sheet, you should be able
to:
1. define the various types of poetry,
2. identify the literary devices in litearture; and,
3. write one (1) poem using any type of poetry showing appreciation to
nature.
A sheet of paper and ballpen
In this lesson, you will know the various types of poetry and
literary devices in literature.
There are so many different types of poetry, and many have very
few rules. This types of poetry are not mention in the earlier
discussion and so let us explore them through reading this
learning material. All you have to do is select a style that appeals
to you and let your creativity flow!
There are literary devices in literature that would help us critic a
certain literature.
In this LAS learning activity sheets, we will explore on the various
types of poetry and literary devices that are commonly found in
literature.
Below is a list of some of the most common types of poetry, their
main characteristics, and famous examples of each.
You may prefer to read certain types of poems, while for other
types you may enjoy writing your own! Familiarize yourself with these
different styles and see if any of them spark your imagination.
TYPES OF POETRY
Villanelle have even more specific rules than sonnets. Luckily, many of
the lines are repetitions, but this means you’ll have to take care to make
those lines meaningful.
19 lines, 5 stanzas of 3 lines each, 1 closing stanza of 4 lines
Rhyme scheme: ABA, ABA, ABA, ABA, ABA, ABAA
Line 1 repeats in lines 6, 12, and 18
Line 3 repeats in lines 9, 15, and 19
Example:
Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan Thomas (1914-1953)
Do not go gentle into that good night, A
Old age should burn and rave at close of day; B
Rage, rage against the dying of the light. A
Though wise men at their end know dark is right, A
Because their words had forked no lightning they B
Do not go gentle into that good night. A
Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright A
Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay, B
Rage, rage against the dying of the light. A
Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight, A
And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way, B
Do not go gentle into that good night. A
Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight A
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay, B
Rage, rage against the dying of the light. A
And you, my father, there on the sad height, A
Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray. B
Do not go gentle into that good night. A
Rage, rage against the dying of the light. A
Free Verse does not follow any rules. Their creation is completely in the
hands of the author. Rhyming, syllable count, punctuation, number of
lines, number of stanzas, and line formation can be done however the
author wants in order to convey the idea. There is no right or wrong way
to create a Free Verse poem.
Example:
“A Noiseless Patient Spider” by Walt Whitman
A noiseless patient spider,
I mark’d where on a little promontory it stood isolated,
Mark’d how to explore the vacant vast surrounding,
It launch’d forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself,
Ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them.
And you O my soul where you stand,
Surrounded, detached, in measureless oceans of space,
Ceaselessly musing, venturing, throwing, seeking the spheres to
connect them,
Till the bridge you will need be form’d, till the ductile anchor hold,
Till the gossamer thread you fling catch somewhere, O my soul.
Ekphrastic Poems don’t really have specific rules, but they do speak of
another work of art. It comes from the Greek word for “description,” and
that’s exactly what this poem should do: vividly describe a painting,
statue, photograph, or story. One famous example is found in the Iliad,
where Homer refers to Achilles’ shield.
Example:
Ekphrastic from One Morning by REBECCA WOLFF
there are some things up there
uptown
I want to see
I want to see I'm going to look at that and see
I want to go up and see
that show. That show
I went to see, I went to see.
There are some things up
there uptown
I want to
look at that and see. I'm going to see
what I look. What I look at, when I look, vessel,
I stood to see. I went to stand to look
to see. Venturing further I went outside myself to look
at that wall. It fed! There was a box inside that was not blank, I saw
it.
It was really different from an aura, the thing had
colors, the thing was talking
to itself. And spoke
to me, not incidentally.
Concrete Poems is designed to take a particular shape or form on the
page. Poets can manipulate spacing or layout to emphasize a theme or
important element in the text, or sometimes they can take the literal
shape of their subjects.
Example
“The Altar” by George Herbert was intended to resemble a church
altar:
A broken ALTAR, Lord, thy servant rears,
Made of a heart and cemented with tears;
Whose parts are as thy hand did frame;
No workman’s tool hath touch’d the same.
A HEART alone
Is such a stone,
As nothing but
Thy pow’r doth cut.
Wherefore each part
Of my hard heart
Meets in this frame
To praise thy name.
That if I chance to hold my peace,
These stones to praise thee may not cease.
Oh, let thy blessed SACRIFICE be mine,
And sanctify this ALTAR to be thine.
Epitaph is much like an elegy, only shorter. Epitaphs commonly appear
on gravestones, but they can also be humorous. There are no specific
rules for epitaphs or their rhyme schemes.
Example:
From William Shakespeare’s gravestone:
Good friend for Jesus sake forbeare,
To dig the dust enclosed here.
Blessed be the man that spares these stones,
And cursed be he that moves by bones.
Ode address a specific person, thing, or event. The ode is believed to have
been invented by the ancient Greeks, who would sing their odes. Modern
odes follow an irregular pattern and are not required to rhyme.
Example:
“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley
Scatter, as from an unextinguish’d hearth
Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
Be through my lips to unawaken’d earth
The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
Epigram are short, witty, and often satirical poems that usually take the
form of a couplet or quatrain (2-4 lines in length).
Example:
An example of this wit is provided by Samuel Taylor Coleridge:
Sir, I admit your general rule,
That every poet is a fool,
But you yourself may serve to show it,
That every fool is not a poet.
Epigrams are not exclusive to poetry. They are also commonly
used as literary devices and in speeches. John F. Kennedy’s famous
quote, “Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an end to
mankind” is one such example.
LITERARY DEVICES IN LITERATURE
What is a Literary Device?
In literature, any technique used to help the author achieve his or
her purpose is called a literary device. Typically, these devices are
used for an aesthetic purpose – that is, they’re intended to make the
piece more beautiful.
Below is a list of literary devices. We explain what each literary term is
and give you an example of how it's used. This literary elements list is
arranged in alphabetical order.
1. Allegory - is used to express large, complex ideas in an approachable
manner. It allows writers to create some distance between
themselves and the issues they are discussing, especially when
those issues are strong critiques of political or societal realities.
Example:
Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene. The Faerie Queene is
an English epic poem published originally in 1590. In this poem,
Spenser established the Spenserian stanza. The poem follows
several Arthurian knights, and explores twelve virtues. However, the
poem was widely read as a commentary on the reign of Queen
Elizabeth I. (Whether the commentary is positive or negative
continues to be debated by academics and critics today.)
2. Alliteration - is a series of words or phrases that all start with the
same sound. These sounds are typically consonants to give more
stress to that syllable.
Example:
"Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers." In this
tongue twister, the "p" sound is repeated at the beginning of all
major words.
You'll also often come across alliteration in poetry, titles of books
and poems (Jane Austen is a fan of this device, just read Pride and
Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility)
3. Allusion - is when an author makes an indirect reference to a figure,
place, event, or idea originating from outside the text. Many
allusions make reference to previous works of literature or art.
Example:
"Stop acting so smart—it's not like you're Einstein or
something." This is an allusion to the famous real-life theoretical
physicist Albert Einstein.
4. Anaphora - is when a word or phrase is repeated at the beginning
of multiple sentences throughout a piece of writing. It's used to
emphasize the repeated phrase and evoke strong feelings in the
audience.
Example:
We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we
shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing
confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our
island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we
shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in
the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender,
A famous example of anaphora is Winston Churchill's "We Shall Fight
on the Beaches" speech. Throughout this speech, he repeats the phrase "we
shall fight" while listing numerous places where the British army will continue
battling during WWII. He did this to rally both troops and the British people
and to give them confidence that they would still win the war.
5. Euphemism - is when a more mild or indirect word or expression is
used in place of another word or phrase that is considered harsh,
blunt, vulgar, or unpleasant.
Example:
"I'm so sorry, but he didn't make it." The phrase "didn't make
it" is a more polite and less blunt way of saying that someone
has died.
6. Flashback - is an interruption in a narrative that depicts events that
have already occurred, either before the present time or before the
time at which the narration takes place.
Example:
Most of the novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë is a
flashback from the point of view of the housekeeper, Nelly Dean,
as she engages in a conversation with a visitor named Lockwood.
In this story, Nelly narrates Catherine Earnshaw's and
Heathcliff's childhoods, the pair's budding romance, and their
tragic demise.
This device is often used to give the reader more background
information and details about specific characters, events, plot points,
and so on.
7. Foreshadowing - is when an author indirectly hints at—through
things such as dialogue, description, or characters' actions—what's
to come later on in the story.
Example:
Say you're reading a fictionalized account of Amelia Earhart.
Before she embarks on her (what we know to be unfortunate)
plane ride, a friend says to her, "Be safe. Wouldn't want you
getting lost—or worse." This line would be an example of
foreshadowing because it implies that something bad ("or worse")
will happen to Earhart.
This device is often used to introduce tension to a narrative.
8. Hyperbole - is an exaggerated statement that's not meant to be
taken literally by the reader. It is often used for comedic effect
and/or emphasis.
Example:
"I'm so hungry I could eat a horse." The speaker will not
literally eat an entire horse (and most likely couldn't), but this
hyperbole emphasizes how starved the speaker feels.
9. Repetition - is when a word or phrase is written multiple times,
usually for the purpose of emphasis. It is often used in poetry (for
purposes of rhythm as well).
Example:
When Lin-Manuel Miranda, who wrote the score for the
hit musical Hamilton, gave his speech at the 2016 Tony's, he
recited a poem he'd written that included the following line:
And love is love is love is love is love is love is love is love cannot
be killed or swept aside.
10. Symbolism - refers to the use of an object, figure, event, situation,
or other idea in a written work to represent something else—
typically a broader message or deeper meaning that differs from its
literal meaning.
Example:
In F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel The Great
Gatsby, the green light that sits across from Gatsby's
mansion symbolizes Gatsby's hopes and dreams.
Do more, to learn more. Seeing many different types of poetry and
literary devices are so stressful but then if you will pass through of it
you will surely feel the essence of good accomplishment.
This is focus on the types of poetry and literary devices. In order for you
to be guided, Please answer the questions vividly and briefly if it is an
essay. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Follow directions in every activities below.
Don’t forget to smile and cheer up. God bless.
Activity 1: Just Focus on me!
Directions: Read the statement in every items. Put a check mark ( )
if the statement is correct and cross mark ( ) if incorrect. Write your answer
on your paper.
1. Epitaph is much like an elegy, only shorter, it is commonly appear
on gravestones, but they can’t also be humorous.
2. There are specific rules for epitaphs or their rhyme schemes.
3. Ode address a specific person, thing, or event. The ode is believed to
have been invented by the ancient Greeks, who would sing their
odes.
4. Free Verse does not follow any rules. Their creation is completely in
the hands of the author.
5. Villanelle have 18 lines, 4 stanzas of 3 lines each, 1 closing stanza
of 4 lines
6. Epigrams are exclusive to poetry. They are also commonly used as
literary devices and in speeches.
7. Concrete Poems is designed to take a particular shape or form on
the page.
8. Literary devices are used for an aesthetic purpose intended to
make the piece more beautiful.
9. Rhyming, syllable count, punctuation, number of lines, number of
stanzas, and line formation can be done however the author wants
in order to convey the idea.
10. Ode address a specific person only no other thing involves. The
ode is believed to have been invented by the ancient Greeks, who
would sing their odes.
11. Concrete Poems is designed to take a particular shape or form on
the page.
12. Allegory allows writers to create some distance between
themselves and the issues they are discussing, especially when
those issues are strong critiques of political or societal realities.
13. Hyperbole is a calm statement that's not meant to be taken literally by
the reader.
14. An example of symbolism is a Great Gatsby that has a meaning of hope
and dreams.
15. Anaphora is when a word or phrase is repeated at the beginning of
multiple sentences throughout a piece of writing.
Activity 2: Find ME!
Directions. Read the following passage. Determine what literary devices used
in the given examples. .Choose your answer in the word pool and write it on your
separate sheet of paper.
Alliteration Flashback Foreshadowing Hyperbole
Anaphora Repetition Euphemism Symbolism
Allusion Allegory
1. “In every cry of every Man, In every infant's cry of fear, In every voice, in every
ban,the mind-forg'd manacles I hear” - "London," William Blake
2. “So was I once myself a swinger of birches. And so I dream of going back to be.”
He goes back to the days of his childhood, and then returns to the present and
says:“I’d like to get away from earth awhile, and then come back to it and begin
over.” – Birtches –Robert Frost
3. Romeo’s statement “My life were better ended by their hate, than death
prorogued, wanting of thy love” in Romeo and Juliet
4. A hundred years should go to praise
Thine eyes and on thy forehead gaze;
Two hundred to adore each breast;
But thirty thousand to the rest. - To His Coy Mistress - Andrew Marvell
5. "And miles to go before I sleep, and miles to go before I sleep." --Robert Frost
"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"
6. To beguile the time, Look like the time. Bear welcome in your eye, Your hand,
your tongue. Look like th’ innocent flower, But be the serpent under ’t. He that’s
coming Must be provided for; and you shall put This night’s great business into
my dispatch, Which shall to all our nights and days to come Give solely sovereign
sway and masterdom. – Excerpt Macbeth, William Shakespeare
7. Art thou pale for weariness
Of climbing heaven, and gazing on the earth,
Wandering companionless
Among the stars that have a different birth,-
And ever-changing, like a joyless eye
That finds no object worth its constancy?- To the Moon" by Percy Bysshe
Shelley
8. All overgrown by cunning moss, All interspersed with weed, The little cage of
"Currer Bell" In quiet "Haworth" laid. -"All Overgrown by Cunning Moss" by
Emily Dickinson
9. Pilgrim's Progress is likely the most famous piece of English literature. Written
by a preacher intending to spread the word of Protestant doctrine, particularly
the concept of what is necessary in order to achieve salvation, the book contains
a myriad of representations. - John Bunyan
10. Through three cheese trees three free fleas flew. While these fleas flew, freezy
breeze blew. Freezy breeze made these three trees freeze. Freezy trees made
these trees' cheese freeze. That's what made these three free fleas sneeze. - Fox
in Socks – Dr. Seuss
Activity 3: Poem Creation
Directions: Compose a villanelle poem. Use a literary devices
appropriately. Write your answer on a paper.
Title of your poem
Your name
Rubric for Villanelle
VILLANELLE Advanced Proficient Beginning
10 pts 9 pts 5 pts
Purpose and * Poem is creative *Poem is creative *Poem is not
Originality and original. but some phrases creative and
* Literary devices are not original. original.
are evident in a *literary devices *literary devices
poem. are seldom are not evident.
evident.
Form *Poem is complete *Poem is seldom *Poem is doesn’t
and follows its follows its follows its
intended form intended form intended form.
Meter *Poem provides *Poem seldom *Poem does not
consistent provides singularly provides
singularly meter meter lines. singularly meter
lines. lines through
Rhyme Poem contains *Poem seldom *Poem doesn’t
Scheme proper rhyme contains proper contains proper
scheme and rhyme scheme and rhyme scheme
refrains. refrains. and refrains.
Mechanics/G *Correct spelling, *few errors in *errors in
rammar punctuation and spelling, spelling,
grammar used to punctuation and punctuation and
create fluency and grammar used to grammar are
rhythm. create fluency and evident in a
rhythm poem.
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?sp=yes&code=Q75744&
Activity 4: It’s evaluate time!
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write it on your paper.
1. What type of poem that has no regular rhythm, meter, rhyme, or
structure?
A. epigram C. free verse
B. epitaph D. ode
2. What literary device is use in this “Come and clean the chaos in your
closet”?
A. alliteration C. foreshadowing
B. anaphora D. symbolism
3. What type of that is short, witty, and often satirical poems that usually
take the form of a couplet or quatrain?
A. epigram C. free verse
B. epitaph D. ode
4. What type of poem that poets can manipulate spacing or layout to
emphasize a theme or important element in the text, or sometimes they
can take the literal shape of their subjects
A. concrete poems C. rhyme Scheme
B. epitaph D. structure
5. What type of poetry is the example below?
Edna St. Vincent Millay
Heap not on this mound
Roses that she loved so well:
Why bewilder her with roses,
That she cannot see or smell?
She is happy where she lies
With the dust upon her eyes.
A. epigram C. free verse
B. epitaph D. ode
6. What type of poem that has a more specific rules and many of the lines
are repetitions, but this means you’ll have to take care to make those
lines meaningful?
A. concrete C. Epigram
B. epitaph D. villanelle
7. What is an Ekphrastic Poem?
A. It should be vivid and clear in deciding what words will be put
on in every stanza of a poem.
B. It means that every stanzas have its point of view that
particularly referring to its style.
C. It has something to do with stylistics in its descriptions that
vividly describing the meaning of such literature.
D. It comes from the Greek word for “description,” that vividly
describe a painting, statue, photograph, or story and don’t
have specific rules, but they do speak of another work of art.
8. What literary device is used if the word or expression is replace in a mild
or word or phrase that is not harsh, blunt, vulgar or unpleasant?
A. epigram C. Euphemism
B. epitaph D. ode
9. What type of poem that commonly appear on gravestones, but they can
also be humorous and has no specific rules for epitaphs or their rhyme
schemes.
A. epigram C. Euphemism
B. epitaph D. ode
10. The excerpt “..We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and
oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the
air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight
on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the
fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never
surrender,…” is an example of?
A. alliteration C. foreshadowing
B. anaphora D. symbolism
Concepts Learned
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Concepts Unlearned
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Abrams, M. H., & Harpham G.G. (1999). A glossary of literary terms. Boston, Mass:
Thomson Wadsworth
Cuddon, J. A (2013). A dictionary of literary terms and literary theory. Chichester,
West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, A John Wiley &
sons. Ltd., Publication
Dela Cruz, K. (2020). Creative Writing. Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest
Park.
