FARM POWER, MACHINERY AND MECHANIZATION

Instructions: encircle the letter of the most appropriate answer.

1. In a rice combine harvester, what operating part need adjustment if substantial amount of
grains still clinging on the rice straws are discharged at the rear of the machine?
a. Cutter bar
b. Threshing drum
c. Blower
d. Straw walkers
2. A spike-toothed harrow with a rated width of 2.0 meters is operating in a field with a dimension
of 240 meters by 90 meters. The line of travel while harrowing is parallel to the longer side of
the field. What is the effective width used if the harrow made 50 trips to complete harrowing
the whole area?
a. 1.9 m
b. 1.8 m
c. 1.75 m
d. 1.6 m
3. How many per cent of the rated width is actually used in the preceding problem?
a. 95%
b. 90%
c. 87.5%
d. 80%
4. In a four-stroke cycle diesel engine, what can possibly be wrong if it fails to develop full power?
a. Improper valve timing
b. Worn out piston rings
c. Air entering the cylinder during the intake stroke is insufficient
d. Faulty spark plug
5. What fuel is appropriate for a spark ignition engine running at 3,600 rpm?
a. Diesel
b. Regular gasoline
c. Unleaded gasoline
d. LPG
6. Under the same temperature, how do you compare the densities of diesel and gasoline fuels?
a. Gasoline is denser than diesel
b. Diesel is denser than gasoline
c. The densities of diesel and gasoline are equal
d. None of the above
7. The lowest cylinder pressure in a 4-stroke cycle engine is developed during what event or
stroke?
a. Intake
b. Compression
 c. Power
d. Exhaust
8. What is the most important reason for the presence of oil in the crank case?
a. To absorb excess heat produced during engine operation
b. To prevent excessive wear and tear
c. To reduce friction
d. All of the above
9. What is the color of the flame resulting from the burning of biogas?
a. Orange
b. Yellow
c. Bluish white
d. pinkish
10. Which among the engine parts below has a reciprocating movement?
a. Main shaft
b. Connecting rod
c. Crank shaft
d. piston
11. In machinery cost accounting this item is not an actual cash outflow.
a. Fuel cost
b. Repairs and maintenance
c. Labor cost
d. Depreciation
12. The purchase price of a reconditioned standard 4-wheel tractor is P600, 000. Allowing for a 10%
salvage value on the purchase price and an expected serviceable life of 10 years, what is the
book value of the tractor after three years? Use straight line method in computing for the
annual depreciation.
a. P420,000
b. P438,000
c. P300,000
d. P450,000
13. It is an engine part that allows the movement of burned gases from the cylinder.
a. Air filter
b. Inlet valve
c. Exhaust valve
d. Governor
14. What part of the thresher achieves the same purpose as winnowing in manual threshing?
a. Threshing drum
b. Cylinder
c. Straw rack and sieves
d. blower
15. What do you call the horizontal distance between the front and rear axles of a 4-wheel tractor?
a. Over-all length
 b. Wheel base
c. Thread distance
d. None of the above
16. It is a field operation performed by a furrower in between the rows of corn during its early
vegetative stage.
a. Furrowing
b. Cultivation
c. Land preparation
d. All of the above
17. A corn planting equipment which is operated and powered by a man.
a. Grain drill
b. Hand jabber
c. Corn picker
d. Broadcaster
18. What planting equipment does not use seeds as planting material?
a. Broadcaster
b. Field distributor
c. Grain drill
d. Transplanter
19. The power input from the main shaft of an engine is 5 kW. What is the power transmission
efficiency if the angular speed of the driven pulley of a machine is 1,200 rpm and the torque
developed is 35.8 N-m?
a. 75%
b. 80%
c. 85%
d. 90%
20. The squash radius of the wheel in a ground-wheel driven planter is 31.8 cm. How many hills will
be planted in 12 revolutions of the ground wheel if the distance between hills is approximately
25 cm?
a. 86
b. 90
c. 92
d. 96
21. In the preceding question, what length of strip is covered in 5 revolutions of the ground wheel?
a. 1m
b. 2m
c. 4m
d. 5m
22. What is the ground wheel to seed plate speed ratio in in question #20 if 8 cells out of the 12
cells in the seed plate are used in one revolution of the ground wheel?
a. 2:3
b. 1:1
 c. 3:2
d. 2:1
23. What is the forward speed, in kph, of a hand-tractor with a wheel radius of 31.8 cm if the wheel
slippage is 10% and the axle speed is 40 rpm?
a. 4.3
b. 2.15
c. 1.37
d. 6.2
24. It is the part of the moldboard plow that slides on the vertical surface of the unplowed part of
the field.
a. Plow bottom
b. Plow sole
c. Landside
d. Land
25. This farm machinery consist of discs mounted individually on a common frame.
a. Disc plow
b. Disc harrow
c. Disc cultivator
d. Disc furrower
26. The center of gravity in a 4-wheel tractor is located at a vertical plane 60 cm in front of the rear
axle. The tractor mass is 2,000 kg. Estimate the load supported by the front wheels if the wheel
base is 1,600 cm.
a. 800 kg
b. 750 kg
c. 700 kg
d. 600 kg
27. What is the mass of the tractor supported by the rear wheels in the preceding item?
a. 1,000 kg
b. 1,200 kg
c. 1,250 kg
d. 1,500 kg
28. The seeds planted by this seeding machine do not assume any distinguishable pattern?
a. Grain drill
b. Distributor
c. Broadcaster
d. Transplanter
29. What is the metering mechanism of a rice drum seeder?
a. Fluted type
b. Seed plate
c. Orifice type
d. Pump type
30. It is the ridge formed by two furrow slices thrown on the same strip.
 a. Back furrow
b. Buck furrow
c. Dead furrow
d. Headland
31. In plowing, the area that is not yet plowed is called __________?
a. Alienable and disposable land
b. Headland
c. Land
d. Field capacity
32. The blower of a thresher is to remove 4 kg of chaffs and other light materials per minute. What
is the blower capacity in kg/hr?
a. 240
b. 72
c. 800
d. Cannot be determined
33. Estimate the power requirement, in kW, of the blower in the preceding item if the blower
efficiency is 30%.
a. 39
b. 0.039
c. 11.8
d. Cannot be determined

34. This refers to the number of degrees of crankshaft rotation during which the inlet valve remains
open.
a. Degrees of freedom
b. Exhaust valve range
c. Inlet valve range
d. Clearance
35. It is a part of the moldboard plow which enables it to throw the furrow slice to one side of the
implement’s center of resistance.
a. Vertical suction
b. Horizontal clearance
c. Moldboard
d. Frog
36. The center-to-center distance between the two rear wheels of a tractor is called ________.
a. Thread distance
b. Wheel base
c. Vertical clearance
d. Wheel diameter
37. It is the arrangement of two disc gangs where one gang is in front of the other; one gang throws
soils on the left side while the other gang throws it to the right.
a. Single acting
 b. Double acting
c. Offset
d. Tandem
38. What happens to the weight distribution of the tractor mass between the front wheels and the
rear wheels of a tractor when a horizontal load at the rear is applied?
a. A part of the front wheel load is transferred to the rear wheels
b. A part of the rear wheel load is transferred to the front wheels
c. The load on the front wheels will become equal to the load on the rear wheels
d. All of the tractor weight will be concentrated on the rear wheels.
39. If 60,000 seeds are planted on a hectare of a corn field, what is the expected plant population if
the survival rate is 87%?
a. 52,200
b. 68,965
c. 7,800
d. 78,000
40. Estimate the wheel slippage if a distance of 300 meters was covered in 200 revolutions by a
tractor with a drive wheel circumference of 1.6 meters.
a. 6.25%
b. 10%
c. 7.5%
d. 12%
41. In a 4-stroke cycle engine, the piston speed is 432 meters per minute. What is the length of the
stroke?
a. 10 cm
b. 12 cm
c. 15 cm
d. 18 cm
42. Determine the diameter of the bore in the preceding item if the bore-to-stroke ratio is 0.75.
a. 15 cm
b. 12 cm
c. 10 cm
d. 9 cm
43. What should be the clearance volume in the preceding two items if the necessary compression
ratio is 17:1?
a. 190 cc
b. 48 cc
c. 95 cc
d. 40 cc
44. This part of the tractor is located in a position convenient to the operator’s left foot
when the tractor is being operated.
a. Brake pedal
 b. Steering wheel
c. Hand brake
d. Clutch pedal
45. What is indicated by the symbol shown below?

a. Engine oil pressure

a. Danger
b. Slippery road
c. Caution
d. Yield
47. When used on illuminated displays of tractor, what does color “red” represents?
a. Normal operating condition
b. Outside normal operating units
c. Failure or serious malfunction
d. Tractor performance is superb
48. It is a primary tillage operation which manipulates the soil to a depth greater than 300 mm.
a. Ordinary tillage
b. Deep tillage
c. Cultivation
d. Secondary tillage
49. It is a tillage operation which moves soil to establish a desired soil elevation slope
a. Land planning
b. Land grading
c. Land preparation
d. Bedding
50. It is a tillage system that retains a minimum of 30% residue cover on the soil surface.
 a. Primary tillage
b. Secondary tillage
c. Minimum tillage
d. Conservation tillage
51. A rotavator is a kind of what kind of tillage equipment
a. General purpose tillage equipment
b. Primary tillage equipment
c. Secondary tillage equipment
d. Minimum tillage equipment
52. It is a soil-tool reaction in which soil slides over the surface of the tillage tool without significant
adhesion.
a. Sliding
b. Scouring
c. Side draft
d. Compaction
53. What is the power output of a turbine located 6 meters below a waterfall when the stream flow
is 300 liters per second when its efficiency is 80%?
a. 2.25 kW
b. 17.65 kW
c. 22 kW
d. 2,250 kW
54. A 5-bottom disk plow operates at 3.5 kph. What is the effective field capacity if the field
efficiency is 75% and the spacing between plow bottoms is 30 cm?
a. 0.525 ha/hr
b. 3.94 ha/hr
c. 0.39 ha/hr
d. 5 ha/hr
55. Determine the draft power needed in the previous item if the plowing depth is 15 cm and the
specific draft of the soil is 5.4 kPa.
a. 7.09 kW
b. 3.08 kW
c. 2.36 kW
d. 12.4 kW
56. Walking-type agricultural tractor is another name for ____________.
a. Four-wheel tractor
b. Hand tractor
c. Track laying tractor
d. Garden tractor
57. What mechanism usually serves as a clutch that engages or disengages a hand tractor from its
power unit?
a. Hydraulic system
b. Idler pulley
 c. Overrunning clutch
d. None of the above
58. It is the ratio between the brake power and the indicated power of an internal combustion
engine.
a. Thermal efficiency
b. Generator efficiency
c. Traction efficiency
d. Mechanical efficiency
59. The overall weight of the lever-operated knapsack sprayer, including its component parts, when
fully loaded with water shall not exceed _______.
a. 18 kg
b. 20 kg
c. 22 kg
d. 30 kg
60. It is any material added to the tractor for the purpose of enhancing traction or stability.
a. Ballast
b. Stabilizer
c. Coulter
d. Jointer
61. The intake valve of an engine starts to open at 12 degrees before top dead center position of
the crankshaft and closes at 43 degrees after bottom dead center. If the time during each inlet
valve opening is 0.0208 second, estimate the crankshaft speed in revolutions per minute.
a. 1,800 rpm
b. 1,500 rpm
c. 1,200 rpm
d. 900 rpm
62. A 10-25 cm grain drill has a wheel radius of 25 cm. What length of strip is covered by the
machine in 670 revolutions of the ground wheel when the wheel slippage is 5%?
a. 500 m
b. 700 m
c. 800 m
d. 1000 m
63. What part of a hectare was covered by the grain drill in the preceding item after 670 revolutions
of the ground wheel at a wheel slippage of 5%?
a. 0.2 ha
b. 0.25 ha
c. 0.36 ha
d. 0.5 ha
64. If the amount of seeds dispensed by the grain drill in the preceding two items was 20 kg, what is
the seeding rate in kg/ha?
a. 20
b. 40
 c. 60
d. 80
65. It is the ratio of the effective field capacity and the theoretical field capacity.
a. Field efficiency
b. Mechanical efficiency
c. Transmission efficiency
d. Tractive efficiency
66. The lug marks or ‘arrows’ made by a tractor’s drive wheels are pointing north. What direction
did the tractor go if the wheels were properly mounted?
a. North
b. South
c. East
d. West
67. A tractor pulling a 2-meter wide harrow covers one trip (end-to-end length) of a field in 5
minutes. If the trip has a length of 300 meters, what is the average speed of the tractor?
a. 3.6 kph
b. 4 kph
c. 4.5 kph
d. 5 kph
68. Determine the field efficiency in the preceding item if the harrowing of 1-hectare area can be
finished in 1 hr and 51 minutes.
a. 65%
b. 70%
c. 75%
d. 85%
69. If there is no lost time in item #67, what is the theoretical field capacity?
a. 2 ha/hr
b. 3.6 ha/hr
c. 0.72 ha/hr
d. 0.54 ha/hr
70. What is the theoretical time (no time losses) to cover 1 ha in item #67?
a. 1 hr
b. 1 hr and 10 min
c. 1 hr and 15 min
d. 1 hr and 23 min
71. What is the effective operating time in item #67 if the overlap is 10% of the rated width?
a. 1 hr and 40 min
b. 1 hr and 33 min
c. 1 hr and 15 min
d. 1 hr
72. How long will it take to empty the content of a standard lever-operated knapsack sprayer when
its discharge is 0.4 L/min? Assume the sprayer was filled to capacity at the start of spraying.
 a. 50 min
b. 40 min
c. 30 min
d. 16 min
73. It is the part of the moldboard plow that facilitates the cutting of the furrow.
a. Share
b. Wing
c. Moldboard
d. Beam
74. A tractor fuel has a specific gravity of 0.86. Determine the volume occupied by 1 kg of fuel.
a. 0.86 L
b. 1 L
c. 1.16 L
d. 1.32 L
75. What part of the tractor ensures that air used for the combustion of fuel is relatively free of
suspended solids and other impurities?
a. Inlet valve
b. Air cleaner
c. Muffler
d. Carburetor
76. How many strokes of the piston is required to complete one cycle in the engine of brush
cutters?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
77. This is the collective term to mean the group of tractor fuels or fuel additives that are derived
from crops such as cassava, sugar cane, sweet sorghum, coconut and jathropa.
a. Biofuel
b. Biodiesel
c. Cocodiesel
d. Bioethanol
78. What kind of thresher requires the operator to hold the rice stalks while the grains are stripped
from the panicles?
a. Hold-on thresher
b. Throw-in thresher
c. Axial flow thresher
d. Tangential flow thresher
79. It is the practice of plowing in plant residues such as corn stalks and leaves or peanut biomass to
add organic matter to the soil and prevent excessive evaporation.
a. Conservation tillage
b. Stubble mulching
 c. Minimum tillage
d. Organic agriculture
80. How many units of 1.6 m harrows are required to finish harrowing an area of 1,000 hectares in
30 working days? The speed of harrowing is 4 kph, the field efficiency is 70%, and the number of
harrowing hours per day is 8 hours.
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10