UNIT 1

1. The fundamental unit of all living organism is _____________.

(a) Cell (b) Tissue (c) Atom (d) DNA

2. The cell theory was discovered by ______________.

(a)Mendel (b) Robert Brown (c) Robert Hooke (d) Schleiden & Schwann

3. The nucleoid is present in

(a)Fungi (b) Bacteria (c) Moss (d) Algae

4. Autolysis occurs in

(a) lysosome (b) chloroplast (c) ribosome (d) all of the above

5. ___________ is called as “power house” of the cell.

(a) Ribosome (b) Lysosome (c)Vacuole (d) Mitochondria

6. Proteins are made up of _________.

(a) amino acid (b) fumaric acid (c) lactic acid (d) all of the above

7. Homeostasis is controlled by

(a) Spinal cord (b) hypothalamus (c) blood cell (d) bone

8. ________ are the example for endotherms.

(a) Reptiles (b) birds (c) Fish (d) Amphibians

9. _________ hormone decreases the blood glucose level.

(a) Glucagon (b) Trypsin (c) Pepsin (d) Insulin

10. The pairing of homologous chromosome is called as ___________.

(a) Synapse (b) synapsis (c) tetrad (d) chaisma

11. __________ discovered the cell.

(a) Charles Darwin (b) Robert Brown (c) Robert Hooke (d) Gregor Mendel
12. The kingdom Monera consists of ___________.

(a) Plant (b) Animals (c) Bacteria (d) Protozoa

13. ___________ is called as “Suicide bags”.

(a) Ribosome (b) Lysosome (c) Vacuole (d) Mitochondria

14. ___________ is involved in protein synthesis.

(a) Lysosome (b) Chloroplast (c) Ribosome (d) Vacuole

15. ___________ helps in the formation of spindle fibres.

(a) Ribosome (b) Lysosome (c) Vacuole (d) Centrosomes

16. Helix is present in ________ structure of protein.

(a) Primary (b) secondary (c) Tertiary (d) Quaternary

17. The reflex action without brain analysis is called

(a) Reflex arc (b) synapse (c) synapsis (d) None of the above

18. _____________ is an example for ectotherms.

(a) Mammals (b) Bird (c) Fish (d) All of the above

19. _____________ hormone increases the blood glucose level.

(a) Glucagon (b) Trypsin (c) Pepsin (d) Insulin

20. The exchange of chromosomal segments between the homologous chromosomes is called

as ____________.

(a) Synapse (b) synapsis (c) crossing over (d) chaisma

21. The membrane lining the vacuole is called ___________.

(a) Synapse (b) tonoplast (c) blastocyst (d) epiblast

22. The human body has _______ organ systems.

(a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 11 (d) 12

23. ___________ is the longest phase in the cell cycle.

(a) Metaphase (b) Interphase (c) Telophase (d) Anaphase

24. Myoglobin is an example for __________ protein structure.

(a) Primary (b) secondary (c) tertiary (d) quaternary

25. ____________ is the example of Animalia.

(a) Fishes (b) Yeasts (c) Protozoa (d) Bacteria

26. Nucleus is absent in __________.

(a)Fungi (b) Protozoa (c) E.coli (d) Plant

27. ____________ organelle is called protein factories.

(a) Nucleus (b) Mitochondria (c) Lysosome (d) Ribosome

28. The membrane enclosing the vacuole is called ___________.

(a) Centriole (b) cytoskeleton (c) tonoplast (d) cytosol

29. The molds are the example of _________ kingdom.

(a) Monera (b) Protista (c) plantae (d) Fungi

30. Moving organisms were observed by ___________.

(a) Robert Hooke (b) Leeuwen hook (c) Edward jenner (d) Darwin

31. Pili is present on the surface of __________ cell.

(a) Bacteria (b) yeast (c) mammalian (d) Plant

32. ____________ is used to maintain the shape and structure of the cell.

(a) Plasma membrane (b) Centrioles (c) cytosol (d) Endoplasmic reticulum
33. The fishes are example of __________ kingdom.

(a) Protista (b) Animalia (c) plantae (d) fungi

34. Cell theory proposed by _________.

(a) Robert Hooke (b) Edward jenner (c) Darwin (d) Schleiden

35. Plasmid is present in __________ cell.

(a) Fungi (b) bacteria (c) mammalian (d) plant

36. Cell wall is not present in __________ cell.

(a) Mammalian (b) fungi (c) bacteria (d) plant

37. Prokaryotic cell division is called ____________.

(a) Mitosis (b) Meiosis (c) Binary fission (d) cell duplication

38. The fluid mosaic model of cell membrane is proposed by ___________.

(a) Robert Hooke (b) Schleiden and Schwann (c) Singer and Nicolson (d) Watson and

crick

39. The enzyme present in lysosome is called __________.

(a) Acid hydrolase (b) phosphorylase (c) Lipase (d) Glucokinase

40. Breakdown of the bigger substance into smaller and release energy is called as _______.

(a) Anabolism (b) Metabolism (c) Catabolism (d) chemical reaction

41. ____________ is involved in cell division.

(a) Mitochondria (b) Centrosome (c) Cell membrane (d) Ribosome

42. The fluid matrix present in the chloroplast is called as _____________.

(a) Stroma (b) Stomata (c) Thylakoids (d) DNA

43. Interphase of cell cycle is otherwise called as ____________.

 (a) Resting phase (b) Mobile phase (c) cell cycle phase (d) None of the above

44. ___________ is the storage bag of the cell.

(a) Nucleus (b) Mitochondria (c) Vacuole (d) RBC

45. Photosynthesis takes place in __________ membrane.

(a) Cell membrane (b) Thylakoid membrane (c) Vacuole (d) Mitochondrial membrane

46. Meiotic cell division is otherwise called __________ division due to diploid to haploid

chromosome.

(a) Increased (b) Decreased (c) Maintained (d) None of the above

47. DNA replication takes place during __________ phase of cell cycle.

(a) M phase (b) G1 phase (c) G2 phase (d) S phase

48. ___________ is the energy currency of cell

(a) ATP (b) ATT (c) AUG (d) UAG

49. Cell membrane is made up of __________ molecules.

(a) Phospholipid (b) Cellulose (c) Glycolipid (d) Haemoglobin

50. Groups of 80s ribosomes, working together, are known as ____________.

(a) Polysome (b) cisternae (c) cristae (d) None of the above

51. Components of cytoskeleton of the cells are ___________

(a) Microtubule and protein (b) Proteins and lipids (c) Microtubule and microfilament

(d) Mitochondria

52. Microtubules are made up of ______________.

(a) Actin (b)Tubulin (c) myosin (d) Lysosome

53. Microfilaments are made up of _____________

(a) Actin (b) Tubulin (c) Lysosome (d) Ribosome

54. What is Phagocytocis?

(a) Cell breaking (b) Cell eating (c) Cell respiration (d) Cellular damage

55. ___________________is called protein factory of cell.

(a) Ribosomes (b) Golgi complex (c) ER (d) Cell membrane

56. The capacity of cell to differentiate into any other type of cells is called____________

(a) Pluri potant (b) Toti potants (c) Uni potant (D) Multi potant

57. Stem cells are the example of ____________potancy.

(a) Pluri potency (b) Multi potency (c) Uni potency (d) Toti potency

58. Multipotant stem cells found in bone marrow is called ___________

(a) Parenchymal cells (b) Red blood cells (c) Mesenchymal stem cells (d) white blood cells

59. Centrosomes are divided into ____________

(a) Centrioles (b) ribosomes (c) mesosomes (d) pectin

60. The fluid portion of Chloroplast is called _____________

(a) Stoma (b) Srtoma (c) pilli (d) capillary

61. The stomata (pore) is protected by pair of _____________cells.

(a) Guard cells (b) stem cells (c) leaves cells (d) root cells

62. The stomata is a pore found in the _____________of the leaves.

(a) Dermis (b) Apo dermis (c) Epi dermis (d) middle

63. The total duration of cell cycle time of human cell is ___________

(a) 12 hours (b) 8 hours (c) 24 hours (d) 14 hours

64. The total duration of Mitosis (M phase) is about ______________ for humans.

(a) 60 minutes (b) 90 minutes (c) 40 minutes (d) 15 minutes

65. A phase of the cell cycle which lasts more than 95% of the total duration is

____________

(a) Prophase (b) Inter phase (c) Ana phase (d) Telo phase

66. During Meiosis I, the chromosome number is___________

(a) Reduced to half (b) Doubles up (c) Remains the same (d) increased

67. In meiosis the daughter cells are not similar to that parent because of ______________

(a) Linkage (b) Dominance (c) DNA multiplication (d) Crossing Over

68. Exchange of chromosomal segments between maternal and paternal chromatids during

meiosis is called _____________

(a) Crossing over (b) Replication (c) Translation (d) Transcription

69. Which of the following phase of the cell cycle is not a part of interphase?

(a) S (b) G1 (c) G0 (d) M

70. Non – sister chromatids exchange segments during _________

(a) Leptotene (b) Zygotene (c) Pachytene (d) Diplotene

71. How many amino acids are essential amino acids______

(a) 9 (b) 13 (c) 12 (d) 10

72. How to get essential amino acids ________

(a) Through diet (b) Through secretion (c) Intestinal selection (d) supplements

73. ______________ protein used to carry the oxygen into muscles ___________

(a) Primary protein (b) secondary protein (c) tertiary protein (d) quaternary protein

74. ____________ are essential for the growth and maintenance of the body

(a) Carbohydrates (b) proteins (c) lipids (d) fatty acids

75. ______________ is called Universal currency of energy.

(a) Proteins (b) ATP (c) UTP (d) Glucose
 Unit 2
1. The positively charged ions are called ___________.
a) Anions
b) Cations
c) Bond
d) Atom
2. The transfer of electrons from one atom to other is called ___________.
a) Covalent
b) Ionic
c) Co-ordinate
d) Hydrogen
3. The ionic bonds are formed by_____________ between positive and negative ions.
a) Reduction
b) Oxidation
c) Ionisation
d) Catalisation
4. The different hair colour among the people is an example of __________diversity
a) Species biodiversity
b) Genetic biodiversity
c) Ecological biodiversity
d) Environmental biodiversity
5. Insulin is an example of _____________macro molecule
a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates
c) Lipids
d) Nucleic acids
6. The wax is an example for _________.
a) Protein
b) Carbohydrate
c) Lipid
 d) Nucleotide
7. The nitrogenous bases and sugar constitutes ______________.
a) Pyramidine
b) Purine
c) Nucleotide
d) Nucleoside
8. Components of nucleotides are___________
a) Sugar, Phosphate, Base
b) Sugar, Phosphate, Protein
c) Lipid, Phosphate, Protein
d) Sugar, Protein, Lipid
9. __________enzyme place a major role in DNA replication.
a) Helicase
b) DNA Polymerase
c) Ligase
d) RNA Polymerase
10. Double helical structure of DNA proposed by___________
a) Singer and Nicolson
b) Watson And Crick
c) Fisher
d) Koshland
11. The pyramidine base thymine in DNA base pair with __________.
a) Cytosine
b) Guanine
c) Adenine
d) Thymine

12. The initiation codon is ___________.

a) AUC
b) AAG
c) AUG
 d) CUG
13. The initiation codon AUG codes amino acid ______________.
a) Lucine
b) Glycine
c) Methionine
d) Lysine
14. ___________ is the termination codon.
a) UDA
b) UAA
c) UUU
d) UCA
15. What are the termination codons______________
a) UAA,UAG,UGA
b) UAA,UUA,UGG
c) UTT,UTA,UAT,ATT
d) GGA,GGU,UUG,GTA
16. __________ genes does not code for amino acid.
a) Intron
b) Axon
c) Neuron
d) Exon
17. The genes which code amino acids are called____________
a) Intron
b) Axon
c) Neuron
d) Exon

18. The chemical bond is characterized by equal sharing of electrons between atoms is
________ bond.
a) Covalent
b) Ionic
 c) Co-ordinate
d) Hydrogen
19. The pyramidine bases present in DNA consists of __________.
a) Thymine & Cytosine
b) Guanine & Adenine
c) Adenine & Thymine
d) Uracil& Guanine
20. The purine bases present in DNA consist of_________
a) Guanine & Adenine
b) Adenine & Thymine
c) Uracil& Guanine
d) Thymine & Cytosine
21. The RNA delivers the amino acids to ribosome is ___________.
a) Messenger RNA
b) Ribosomal RNA
c) Transfer RNA
d) Viral RNA
21. Which RNA brings protein synthesis information from DNA_________.
a) mRNA
b) tRNA
c) pRNA
d) rRNA
22. The discontinuous fragments present in lagging strand are called
____________fragments.
a) Leading
b) Nuclear
c) Okazaki
d) Endoplasmic
23. The sequence of nitrogenous bases present in DNA and RNA are called __________.
a) Potency
b) Genetic code
 c) Stem cell
d) Pluripotent
24. ____________ consists of sugar and nitrogenous bases.
a) Nucleoside
b) Nucleotide
c) Purine
d) Pyramidine
25. The process of synthesis of protein from mRNA is called _____________.
a) Transcription
b) Replication
c) Translation
d) Reverse Transcription
26. Translation takes place at ___________ part of the cell
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nucleus
c) Nucleolus
d) Mitochondria
27. __________ are the segments of genes that codes for amino acid.
a) Introns
b) Exons
c) Triplet code
d) Genetic code
28. ____________ refers to numbers, variety and variability of living organisms in
ecosystems.
a) Food chain
b) Biodiversity
c) Food web
d) Tropic level
29. The central dogma of protein synthesis denotes_________
a) DNA--------------> mRAN-------------Protein
b) DNA--------------mRAN
 c) RNA------------protein
d) DNA--------rRNA

30. Table sugar is called as___________.

a) Glucose
b) Fructose
c) Sucrose
d) Lactose
31. ___________RNA involved in transfer of amino acids in protein synthesis.
a) Messenger
b) Ribosomal
c) Transfer
d) Viral
32. __________ is not a termination codon.
a) UAG
b) UAA
c) UGA
d) AAG
33. Embryonic cells are ______________ potent
a) Multipotent
b) Totipotant
c) Pluripotent
d) Unipotant
34. Which is the example of multipotent stem cell_____
a) Bone marrow stem cells
b) Liver stem cells
c) Embryonic stem cells
d) Bloodcells

35. The use of DNA as pharmaceutical agent to treat disease is called as __________.
a) Purine
 b) Somatic cell transfer
c) Gene therapy
d) Cloning
36. The fusion of two different DNA is called_________
a) Recombinant DNA
b) Fused DNA
c) Reflector DNA
d) Replicated DNA
37. ____________ consists of sugar, nitrogenous base and phosphate.
a) Nucleotide
b) Nucleoside
c) Purine
d) Pyramidine
38. The purine consists of adenine and ___________.
a) Cytosine
b) Guanine
c) Adenine
d) Thymine
39. The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is called as_________.
a) Transcription
b) Replication
c) Translation
d) Reverse Transcription
40. The bond found in ammonium chloride is _________ bond.
a) Hydrophobic
b) Ionic
c) Co-ordinate
d) Hydrogen
41. The nitrogenous base uracil pair with _____________.
a) Cytosine
b) Guanine
 c) Adenine
d) Thymine
42. The discontinuous strand in the replication fork is called ___________.
a) Reflex
b) Okazaki
c) Leading
d) Lagging
43. The AUG codes for _________ amino acid.
a) Alanine
b) Methionine
c) Leucine
d) Lysine
44. Common salt is an example for _______ bond.
a) Ionic
b) Covalent
c) Co-ordinate
d) Hydrogen
45. __________ binds the okazaki fragments.
a) Helicase
b) Polymerase
c) DNA Ligase
d) Protease
46. __________ delivers aminoacid to ribosome.
a) mRNA
b) tRNA
c) rRNA
d) DNA
47. The okazaki fragments are present in ________ strand.
a) Leading
b) Lagging
c) RNA
 d) Single
48. __________ is consider as a weakest bond among the following.
a) Hydrophilic
b) Covalent
c) Hydrophobic
d) Vanderwaals
49. Keratin is an example for _________ macromolecule.
a) Carbohydrate
b) Protein
c) Lipid
d) Nucleotide
50. What is the monosaccharide in the following?
a) Starch
b) Glucose
c) Cellulose
d) lactose
51. Which sugar in not a disaccharide?
a) Sucrose
b) Lactose
c) Maltose
d) Galactose
52. RNAs are made in _______ of the cell.
a) Lysosome
b) Mitochondrial
c) Chloroplast
d) Nucleus
53. ___________ is major threat to biodiversity.
a) Over exploitation
b) Flood
c) Disaster
d) Drought
54. Sucrose is an example for _________.
a) Monosaccharide
b) Disaccharide
c) Oligosaccharide
d) Polysaccharide
55. Steroids are the example for ________.
a) Protein
b) Carbohydrate
c) Nucleic acid
d) Lipid
56. Phospholipid is present in ________ site of cell.
a) Plasma membrane
b) Cell wall
c) Nucleus
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
57. ___________ bond is formed between 2 strands of DNA.
a) Hydrogen
b) Ionic
c) Electrovalent
d) Co-ordinate
58. __________ bond link between different amino acids.
a) Hydrogen
b) Ionic
c) Peptide
d) Vander Waals
59. The process of converting glucose to starch is called as ___________.
a) Polysaccharide
b) Catabolism
c) Anabolism
d) Disaccharide
60. About 80% of RNA present in cell are ________.
 a) mRNA
b) tRNA
c) rRNA
d) Viral RNA
61. _____________ Enzyme helps in unwinding of DNA strand in replication forming
replication fork.
a) RNA polymerase
b) Helicase
c) DNA Ligase
d) Restriction
62. Metalloproteins are the example for _________.
a) Fibrous
b) Globular
c) Conjugated
d) Secondary
63. The 3’ end of m-RNA is called as ___________.
a) Poly G-tail
b) Poly A-tail
c) Poly C-tail
d) Poly T-tail
64. In RNA splicing, introns are recognized and removed by protein and RNA complex
called ________.
a) Chromosome
b) Telomere
c) Spliceosome
d) Ribosome
65. In translation, the ribosome site which accepts t-RNA is known as__________.
a) P-site
b) E-site
c) A-site
d) C-site
 66. _________________are derived from the part of a human embryo or foetus that will
ultimately produce eggs or sperm (gametes)
a) Embryonic stem cells
b) Embryonic germ cells
c) Embryonic adult cells
d) Embryonic nerve cells
67. ___________ is not a non-essential amino acids
a) Glycine
b) Serine
c) Proline
d) Tryptophan
68. The negatively charged ions are called ___________.
a) Anions
b) Cations
c) Bond
d) Atom
69. __________ showed that the ratio of DNA of the cell’s genetic material
a) Crick
b) Griffith
c) Franklin
d) Jenner
70. Which RNA has clover leaf like structure
a) mRNA
b) tRNA
c) rRNA
d) dsDNA
71. _____________ is not a property of stem cell
a) self renewal
b) unspecialized
c) become any specialized cells
d) totipotent
 72. UUC codon related to _____________ amino acids.
a) cysteine
b) leucine
c) serine
d) phenylalanine
73. Restriction enzymes used to cleave_________
a) fat
b) protein
c) DNA
d) polysaccharide
74. Testosterone is the example of ____________ macromolecule.
a) fatty acids
b) amino acids
c) nucleic acids
d) carbohydrates
75. Lactose gets degraded into _______ and ________ upon the action of lactase
A) Glucose, galactose
b) Fructose, galactose
c) Galactose, glycogen
d) Glucose, glycolysis

Part B Questions
1. What is genetic code?
2. Write about purine and pyrimidines.
3. Explain about RNA and their types.
4. Differentiate DNA and RNA.
5. Explain Ionic bond.
6. Write about Covalent bond
7. Explain Co-Ordinate bond
8. What is Okazaki fragment?
9. Differentiate leading and lagging strand?
10. Short notes on nucleic acid.
 11. Differentiate introns and exons.
12. Write about nucleoside and nucleotide.
13. Tell about transcription and translation
14. Define biodiversity and the problem facing it?
15. What are atoms and chemical bonding?
16. Write about initiation and termination codons.
17. Why carbon is called versatile atom?
18. Explain the impotence and threats to biodiversity
19. What is meant by central dogma?
20. Write about the importance of lipids.
21. Biological impotence of proteins.
22. What are the factors affecting enzyme activity?
23. Differentiate competitive and non-competitive inhibitors.
24. What id biological diversity?
25. Describe DNA and RNA.
26. Explain various types of protein structure.
27. Differentiate anabolism and catabolism.
28. What are covalent and non-covalent bonds?
29. Write the significance of mRNA
30. Explain the somatic cell nuclear transfer
31. What is called Lock and Key model with respect to enzyme?

PART- C QUESTIONS
1. Write about various types of chemical bonds.
2. Write an essay of macromolecules
3. Describe transcription part of protein synthesis.
4. Explain DNA replication.
5. Explain the steps of protein synthesis.
6. Explain the DNA structure and function
7. Describe translation part of protein synthesis.
8. What are stem cells? Write their characteristics and their application.
9. Write about recombinant DNA technology and its applications
10. Explain about embryonic and adult stem cells.
11. Describe about the advantages and disadvantages of biodiversity.
UNIT THREE MCQS

1. The groove on the enzyme is called ____________.

a) Gene site
b) Active site
c) Inactive site
e) Exon site
2. _______________is the optimum pH for Enzymes.
a) 2-3
b) 8-10
c) 6-8
d) 4-6
3. The pores present the beneath of the leaves are called _____________.
a) Thylakoids
b) stroma
c) stomata
d) Granum
4. Carbon Fixation occurs in _______________cycle.
a) Calvin
b) Hydrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Light
5._______________is present in Chloroplast.
a) Chromophyll II
b) Chlorophyll II
c) Leucophyll II
d) Esinophyl II
6. _______________binds on active site.
a) Enzyme
b) Insulin
c) Substrate
d) Protein
7. The lock and key model is proposed by____________.
a) Emil Fischer
b) Robert Hook
c) Schleiden
d) Mendel
8. The molecular scissors are ____________.
a) Proteases
b) Lipases
c) Restriction enzymes
d) Ligase
9. The fluid found in chloroplast is called_____________.
a) Stomata
b) Granum
c) Thylakoids
d) Stroma
10. Peptide cutters are____________.
a) Proteases
b) Restriction enzymes
c) lipases
d) ligases
11. Breakdown of larger molecule into smaller molecules are called__________.
a) Enzymes
b) Trypsin
c) Substrate
d) Catabolism
12. Fusion of smaller molecules into larger molecules is called____________.
a) Enzymes
b) Trypsin
c) Anabolism
d) Catabolism
13. Peptide cutters are____________.
a) Proteases
b) Restriction enzymes
c) lipases
d) ligases
14. ____________is not a protease enzyme.
a) Trypsin
b) Pepsin
c) lactase
d) Papain
15. Paper is digested using __________enzyme.
a) Protease
b) Xylanase
c) Cellulase
d) Amylase
16. ____________protein is abundantly present in blood.
a) Keratin
b) Globin
c) Albumin
d) Actin
17. _____________is called non proteinaeous enzyme.
a) Hexokinase
b) Ribozyme
c) Alkaline phosphatase
d) Phospho fructokinase
18.___________is called co-factors.
a) TPP
b) FAD
c) NAD
d) Mg 2+

19. Starch is hydrolysed using _____________enzymes.

a) Proteases
b) Amylase
c) Xylanase
d) Lipase
20. _____________protein is abundantly present on earth.
a) Haemoglobin
b) Rubisco
c) Caratine
d) Actin
21. The enzyme is made up of ____________.
a) Lipid
b) Protein
c) DNA
d) RNA
22. Most of the enzymes were located in ____________.
a) Cytosol
b) Mitochondria
c) ER
d) Nucleus
23. _____________protein is abundantly present on earth.
a) Haemoglobin
b) Rubisco
c) Caratine
d) Actin
24. _____________molecule is explained with induced fit model.
a) Lipid
b) DNA
c) Sugar
d) Enzyme
25. Pepsin, Trypsin and Rennin are the examples of ___________enzyme.
a) Carbonic anhydrase
b) Proteases
c) Restriction enzymes
d) Helicase
26. Restriction enzymes are otherwise called____________.
a) Nucleotides
b) Helicases
c) Molecular Scissors
d) Peptide cutter
27. Induced fit model of enzyme action was proposed by ____________.
a) Koshland
b) Emil Fisher
c) Watson
d) Crick
28. Lactose gets degraded into _______ and ________ upon the action of lactase.

a) Glucose, Galactose
b) Galactose, Maltose
c) Fructose, Fructose
d) Galactose, Fructose

29. _________ bind to the enzyme on another site other than the active site and causes
alteration of the active site.
a) Heat shock proteins
b) Vitamins
c) Cofactors
d) Non-Competitive inhibitors

30. Inhibiting the enzyme activity by blocking its active sites is called_________
a) Competitive inhibition
b) Allosteric inhibition
c) Feedback inhibition
d) Non-competitive inhibition

31.____________ bond involved in Primary structure of proteins.

a) H-bond
b) Hydrophobic interactions
c) Peptide bond
d) Disulphide linkage

32. Find out the disaccharide in the given examples?

a) Maltose
b) Galactose
c) Fructose
d) Glucose

33. Aspartate Protease participates in the _________ at the active site of the enzyme.

a) Metal ion catalysis

b) Acid-base catalysis
c) Covalent catalysis
d) Catalysis by approximation
34. Heavy metal ions that are co factors for carbonic anhydrase
a) Ag+
b) Cu2+
c) Zn2+
d) Hg2+

35. Which of the following is not an enzyme?

a) Sucrase
b) Lactase
c) Gyrase
d) Lactose

36. Which one of the following is an example of Serine protease?

a) Carbonic anhydrase
b) Pepsin
c) Carboxypeptidase
d) Trypsin

37. Which one of the following enzymes is an example of Cysteine Protease?

a) Trypsin
b) Carboxypeptidase
c) Papain
d) Pepsin
38. Amino acids are transported to the site of protein synthesis by
a) tRNA
b) mRNA
c) Golgi complex
d) Ribosomes

39. When the temperature increases

a) No change in enzyme activity
b) The enzyme activity increases and then decreases
c) The enzyme activity decreases
d) The enzyme activity decreases initially and increases further

40. Bacteria protects their DNA by modifying possible restriction sites by _________
a) Acetylation
b) Methylation
c) Glycosylation
d) Esterification

41. Feeder layer of cells is to_____________

a) Which provides sickie surface in which stem cells can attach
b) Protect the stem cells from the oxidative stress
c) Provides nutrient to the stem cells
d) Provide growth factors to the stem cells

42. Product of cellular respiration is

a) ATP and CO2
b) NADP
c) ADP
d) ATP and O2

43. Arrange the order of protein synthesis

a) Transcription, post transcription, translation, folding
b) Transcription, post translation, translation, folding
c) Folding, Transcription, Translation, Post translation
d) Transcription, folding, translation, post translation

44. What is the sugar molecule in a nucleotide?

a) Pentose
b) Tetrose
c) Hexose
d) Triose

45. Which type of fatty acids will have all single bonds between the carbons?
a) Saturated fatty acid
b) Poly unsaturated fatty acid
c) Monounsaturated fatty acid
d) Unsaturated fatty acid

46. Lactose gets degraded into _______ and ________ upon the action of lactase
a) Glucose, galactose
b) Fructose, galactose
c) Galactose, glycogen
d) Glucose, glycolysis

47. The role of mRNA in protein synthesis is

a) It modifies mRNA molecules prior to protein synthesis
b) It translates genetic code to a specific amino acid
c) It catalyzes the process
d) It provides genetic blueprint for the protein

48. The site of post transcription is__________

a) Endoplasmic reticulum
b) Cytoplasm
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Nucleus

49. A fertilized egg can develop into all the types of cells in the body and is therefore
considered to be __________.
a) Totipotent
b) Multipotent
c) Unipotent
d) Pluripotent

50. Which of the following forms the catalytic triad in the Serine protease?
a) Ser-His-Asp
b) Ser-His-Asn
c) Ser-Glu-Asp
d) Ser-His-Lys

51. Conserved amino acid present in the active site of carbonic anhydrase 
a) Met
b) Val
c) Ala
d) His

52. Which of the statement about amino acids is true?

a) Essential amino acids are synthesized in human body
b) Non essential aminoacids are synthesized in human body
c) All aminoacids are synthesized in human body
d) All amino acids are essential amino acids

53. The chief function of disulphide bridge in protein structure is for_________

a) folding
b) mechanical stability
c) denaturation
d) bond cleavage

54. The process of converting glucose to starch is called_______

a) Anabolism
b) metabolism
c) catabolism
d) synthesis

55. The enzymes are made up of________

a) fatty acids
b) amino acids
c) lipids
d) carbohydrates
56. ___________ enzymes cleaves the protein molecule
a) lipase
b) protease
c) ligase
d) polymerase
57. Among the following which is not a protease enzyme?
a) tripsin
b) pepsin
c) papain
d) lactase

58. Glycolysis occurs in ____________ of the cell

a) Lysosome
b) Mitochondria
c) cytoplasm
d) ER

59. KREB’S cycle takes place at____________

a) Lysosome
b) Mitochondria
c) cytoplasm
d) ER

60. what is the location of electron transport chain___________

a) membrane of mitochondria
b) plasma membrane
c) membrane of lysosome
d) membrane of cell

61. Dark reaction occurs in ____________

a) vacuole
b) thylakoids
c) chloroplast stroma
d) chloroplast thylakoids

62. Light reaction occurs in _________

a) chloroplast membrane
b) thylakoid membrane
c) stroma of chloroplast
d) stomata

63. C4 cycle discovered by_____________

a) Calvin
 b) Hill
c) Smith
d) Watson

64. The enzyme action depend upon ___________

a) active site
b) available site
c) recognisable site
d) detachable site

65. The amount of energy required to initiate the rate of reaction is called_______
a) process energy
b) initiation energy
c) activation energy
d) kinetic energy

66. Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate is called___________

a) glycolysis
b) gluconeogenesis
c) gucogenesis
d) glycogenesis

67. How many molecules of ATP is produced from glycolysis____________

a) 7
b) 8
c) 9
d) 10

68. The total number of ATP produced from single glucose molecule is__________
a) 38
b) 48
c) 58
d) 68

69. The number of ATP produced from KREB’S cycle alone is_______
a) 24
b) 30
c) 32
d) 34

70. What are the waste products of citric acid cycle __________
a) CO2 and water
b) O2 and CO2
c) O2 and water
 d) NH3 and water

71. Trypsin and Chymotrypsin are the example of ____________ protease.

a) Serine proteases
b) Cysteine proteases
c) Aspartate protease
d) Metallo proteases

72. Pepsin is an example of ____________ proteases.

a) Serine proteases
b) Cysteine proteases
c) Aspartate protease
d) Metallo proteases

73. Papain and Bromelain enzymes are the examples of _____________ protein

a) Serine proteases
b) Cysteine proteases
c) Aspartate protease
d) Metallo proteases

74. Synthesis of protein from amino acids is an example of _____________

a) Anabolic reaction
b) Catabolic reaction
c) Metabolic reaction
d) Oxidation reaction

75. Maltose sugar is made up of _____________ and ____________

a) Glucose and Fructose
b) Glucose and Galactose
c) Glucose and Maltose
d) Glucose and Glucose

PART – B - QUESTIONS

1. Write about photosynthesis and the structure involved in it.

2. What are stomata and explain its function.
3. What is meant by active site
4. Differentiate exergonic and endergonic reactions with example
5. Describe enzymes and their properties.
6. What are molecular scissors?
7. What is ATP?
8. Differentiate catabolism and anabolism.
 9. Short notes on protease.
10. Short notes on restriction enzymes.
11. Differentiate competitive and non-competitive inhibition.
12. Explain lock and key model
13. Short notes on application of enzymes.
14. What is the significance of enzyme?
15. Factors affecting enzyme activity?
16. What about photosynthesis and the structures involved it?

PART- C

1. Write a detailed essay on the various industrial applications of proteases.

2. Discuss the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis with the help of diagrammatic
representations.
3. Write about glycolysis.
4. Explain the lock and key model of enzymes.
5. Write about Kreb’s cycle.
6. Short notes on enzyme inhibitors.
7. Explain in detailed about catabolism and anabolism.
8. Write about photosynthesis and the reaction involved in it?
9. Explain in detail about the significance of enzyme.
UNIT 4 – MECHANOCHEMISTRY – MCQ’S

1.FoF1 ATP motor is present in___________.

a) Mitochondria
b) Centrosomes
c) Ribosomes
d) Lysosomes
2. The locomotion of bacteria is with _________.
a) Cilia
b) flagellum
c) bristle
d) villi
3. Intermediate filaments are made of_____________.
a) actin
b) Keratin
c) tubulin
d) myosin
4. ___________motor involve in muscular contraction.
a) myosin
b) dynein
c) kinesin
d) flagellar
5. The bacteria having flagellar in all directions are called______________.
a) mono trichous
b) lopho trichous
c) amphi trichous
d) peri trichous
6. Microfilaments are made of ___________.
a) actin
b) keratin
c) tubulin
d) myosin
7. ___________involved in the movements of cilia and flagella.
a) myosin
b) dynein
c) kinesin
d) ATP synthase
8. Microtubules are made of _____________.
a) actin
b) kinesin
c) dynein
d) Tubulin
9. _______________motor move towards the nucleus.
a) Actin
b) Kinesin
c) Dynein
d) Myosin
10. ____________motor move away from nucleus.
a) Actin
b) Kinesin
c) Dynein
d) Myosin
11. The degradation of contaminants into less hazardous substance using microbes is
called________.
a) bioaccumulation
b) bioremediation
c) bio magnification
d) biosensor
12. F1 motor of ATP synthase composed of ____________subunits.
a) 6
b) 7
c) 9
d) 5
13. If cluster of flagella present on one side of bacterial cell is called______.
a) mono trichous
b) lopho trichous
c) amphi trichous
d) peri trichous
14. _____________motor protein move from the minus end to the plus end of microtubule in
the transportation of cargo.
a) Dynein
b) Tietin
c) Kinesin
d) Nubulin
15. ____________factor is not related to bioremediation.
a) Nutrients
b) type of soil
c) Temperature
d) Light
16. ___________is the major component of cytoskeleton.
a) Kinesin
b) Microfilament
c) Myosin
d) Dynein
17. __________protein move from the plus end to the minus end of microtubule in the
transportation of cargo.
a) Dynein
b) Tietin
c) Kinesin
d) Nubulin
18. The striated muscle type is present in ___________.
a) liver
b) heart
c) blood vessel
d) bone
19. ___________example of bio element.
a) antibody
b) DNA
c) Enzyme
d) all the above
20. Molecular machines are made up of _________.
a) protein
b) DNA
c) protein
d) carbohydrate
21. Bacterial flagellar motor is operated by ____________.
a) kinesin
b) myosin
c) dynein
d) ATP
22. The cytoskeleton is made up of ________-major components.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 6
d) 2
23. Microtubule is made up of ______________protein.
a) flagellin
b) tubulin
c) actin
d) dynein
24. In Pregnancy test biosensor detects the -------in urine

a) creatine
b) hCG protein
c) albumin
d) glucose
25. If tuff of flagella present in one side of bacteria it is called as_______.
a) Amphitrichous
b) Monotrichous
c) peritrichous
d) lophotrichous
26. Myosin uses the energy released from to move along actin
a) ADP hydrolysis
b) ATP oxidation
c) GTP hydrolysis
d) ATP hydrolysis
27. Axonemal dyneins are involved in
a) moving ions
b) producing bending motions of cilia and flagella.
c) moving proteins
d) cargo movement
28. ATP synthase consists of two portions
a) F2 F4
b) F2 F3
c) F0 F1
d) F1 F4
29. The Biomolecules are qualitatively and quantitatively detected by____________.
a) bio sensor
b) bioremediation
c) biomagnification
d) bioaccumulation
30. _________ part of biosensor, which convert bio signal into electrical signal.
a) receptor
b) communicator
c) transducer
d) biological compounds

31. The genetically modified microorganism mediated transformation of contaminants into

non-hazardous substances is called____________.
a) bio venting
b) bio augmentation
c) bio piling
d) bioleaching
32. ___________ is used in forensic science.
a) glucose biosensor
b) DNA biosensor
c) elementary biosensor
d) oxidised biosensor.
33. _____________ is the process of stimulating the natural in situ bioremediation of
contaminants in soil.
a) bio venting
b) bio chelation
c) bio oxidation
d) bio formation
34._______________is the major component of cytoskeleton.
a) kinesin
b) microfilament
c) myosin
d) dynein
35. Molecular machines are made up of ____________.
a) carbohydrate
b) proteins
c) lipids
d) DNA
36. ____________protein abundantly present in blood.
a) keratin
b) actin
c) globin
d) albumin
37. Biosensors used for __________________detection is called bio detectors.
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) Glucose
d) Enzymes
38. _____________type of transducers used for enzymes.
a) Ion selective
b) Electrochemical
c) priteinometric
d) optical
39. Enzyme electrodes are developed by______________.
a) Mayer’s
b) Erwin
c) Leland
d) Charles
40. Fo of ATP are composed of ____________ subunits.
a) 3
b) 2
c) 4
d) 5
41. The microbial activity can be improved by maintaining soil moisture to__________.
a) 40-60%
b) 80-100%
c) 50-70%
d) 80-120%
42. The thick and thin filaments in muscles are joined by___________.
a) A band
b) peptide
c) H zone
d) cross bridges
43. ATP synthase consists of ____________portions.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 7
d) 5
44. Myosin head dissociate from thin filament due to hydrolysis of _____________.
a) FAD
b) NAD
c) ATP
d) NADH
45. The muscle found in blood vessels and visceral organ is ____________.
a) cardiac
b) epithelial
c) smooth
d) skeletal
46. Muscle fibres are composed of ____________and ___________filaments.
a) actin and myosin filament
b) actin and actin
c) myosin and myosin
d) thick filaments
47. ___________protein involved in muscle contraction with actin and myosin.
a) troponin
b) gluconin
c) keratin
d) fibrin
48) The shortening of muscle length along with sarcomere is called____________.
a) muscle relaxation
b) muscle contraction
c) muscle cross bridge
49. Muscle fibres are composed of ____________and ___________filaments.
a) thick and thin filaments
b) actin and actin
c) myosin and myosin
d) thick and thick filaments
50. The network of filaments and tubules extends throughout the cytoplasm is
called_______
a) Microtubule
b) Microfilaments
c) cytoskeleton
d) intermediate filaments
51.  _______________to give the cells its shape and mechanical support.
a) Microtubule
b) Microfilaments
c) cytoskeleton
d) intermediate filaments
52. In neurons the intermediate filaments are known as_____________
a) Neuro filaments
b) Micro filaments
c) Neuro tubule
d) Micro tubule
53. Microtubules are composed of tubulin which diameter is ____________
a) 7 nm
b) 10 nm
c) 12 nm
d) 25 nm
54. Microfilaments are also known as ____________ filaments
a) Actin filaments
b) Myosin filaments
c) intermediate filaments
d) thick filamens
55. ___________and ___________ involved in muscle contraction and relaxation.
a) Actin and Myosin
b) Dynein and Kinesin
c) Actin and Actin
d) Myosin and Myosin
56. Micro tubule involved in ___________ cellular function.
a) cell metabolism
b) cell respiration
c) cellular digestion
d) cell division
57. The average diameter of the inter mediate filament is_________
a) 2-3 nm
b) 7-8 nm
c) 12-13 nm
d) 18-20 nm
58. Pathogens present in food are detected in food industry by____________
a) bioremediation
b) biosensor
c) bioventing
d) bioaccumulation
59. F1 motor of ATP synthase composed of ______________ subunits.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
60. Molecular machines are made-up of ___________.
a) Protein
b) DNA
c) Carbohydrate
d) Lipids
61._______________ protein abundantly present in blood.
a) Keratin
b) Globin
c) Albumin
d) Actin
62. F0 of ATPase composed of_______________ subunits.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
63. Biosensors used for ___________ detection is called bio detectors.
a) Enzymes
b) DNA
c) Glucose
d) All the above
64. Enzyme electrodes are developed by ___________.
a) Charles
b) Meyer
c) Edwin
d) Leland
65. _____________ type of transducers are used for enzyme detection.
a) Ion selective
b) Optical
c) Electrochemical
d) Potentiometric
66. The microbial activity can be improved by maintaining soil moisture to ____________.
a) 40-60%
b) 80-100%
c) 50-70%
d) 80-120%
67. The thick and thin filaments of muscles are joined by ___________
a) A band
b) Z band
c) Cross bridge
d) H zone
68. ATP synthase consists of _____________ protein.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 5
d) 7
69. F0F1 ATP synthase are ___________________ rotatory motors.
a) CW
b) Reversible
c) CCW
d) Irreversible
70. In glucose biosensor _________ is the bioactive compound.
a) Glucose
b) ATP
c) Enzyme
d) FAD
71. _______________ are commonly coated to detect pathogens in food industry.
a) Antigens
b) Chemicals
c) Toxins
d) Antibodies
72. Naturally occurring proteins in organism that induces motion are called__________
a) Molecular motors
b) Cytoskeleton
c) Plasma proteins
d) Cell membrane
73. The number of catalytic sites present in F1 motor is__________
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
74. The average ATP production per second by ATP synthase is_______________
a) Above 100
b) Above 200
c) Above 300
d) Above 400
75. Axonemal dyneins are involved in
a) moving ions
b) producing bending motions of cilia and flagella.
c) moving proteins
d) cargo movement

76. If tuff of flagella present in one side of bacteria it is called as

a) Amphitrichous

b) Monotrichous
c) peritrichous
d) lophotrichous

77. In Pregnancy test biosensor detects the -------in urine

a) creatine
b) hCG protein
c) albumin
d) glucose

PART – B
1. What are molecular machines?
2. What are the types of bacterial flagellum?
3. What is meant by F0 and F1?
4. What is cytoskeleton?
5. What is meant by coupling coordination motor?
6. How the biosensor detects the pollutants?
7. Discuss the flagellar motor structure with diagrammatic representation.
8. Write about ATP synthase.
9. What is the function of myosin motor?
10. Write about the role of kinesin and dynein motor?
11. Draw the structure of bacterial flagellar arrangements.
12. Define bioventing and bio augmentation
13. Write the significance of glucose biosensor.
14. What are the functions of myosin molecular motors?
15. Explain Dynein motor.
16. How the biosensor detects the pollutants.
17. Write down the functions of cytoskeleton.
18. How does ATP motor works?
19. What is kinesin motor and explain with structure.

PART- C
1. Describe detailed on molecular machines.
2. Explain in detailed about ATP synthase motor with neat diagram.
3. Explain the structure and functions of bacterial flagellar motor.
4. Discuss the various structural aspects of cytoskeleton.
5. Short notes on Dynein and Kinesin motors with structure.
6. Explain about Myosin motor and its function in muscle movement.
7. What is bioremediation? Explain the factors determining bioremediation.
8. Short notes on biosensor and explain various types of biosensor.
UNIT- 5

1. The junction between the two nerve cells is called _____________.

a) Synapse
b) Synapsis
c) Soma
d) Stoma
2. ___________ Lymphocytes produce antibodies.
a) T
b) B
c) C
d) D
3. The antigen binding sites are called __________.
a) Epitope
b) Paratope
c) MHC
d) ADH
4. The signaling molecule in a nerve cell is called___________.
a) Receptor
b) Neuron
c) Neurotransmitter
d) Glial Cell
5. Humoral immune response is due to __________ lymphocytes.
a) T
b) B
c) C
d) D
6. The epitope is present in ________.
a) Antigen
b) Antibody
c) MHC
d) ADH
7. The self-markers in the human cells are called___________.
a) Antigen
b) Antibody
c) MHC
d) ADH
8. Microglia is an example for _________ cell.
a) Epidermal
b) Supporting
c) Blood
d) Bone
9. Cell mediated immune response is due to __________ cells.
a) Antigen
b) Antibody
c) MHC
 d) T Cells
10. During inflammation _________ chemical is produced.
a) Epitope
b) Paratope
c) Histamine
d) ADH
11. ________ type glial cells produce immune molecules and growth factors that aid the
damaged neurons to recover from injury
a) Ependymal cells
b) Oligodendrocytes
c) Micro glial
d) Astrocytes
12. The cerebral cortex is divided into _________ lobes.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
13. Alzheimer’s disease is associated with __________.
a) Eye
b) Heart
c) Brain
d) Pancreas
14. ____________ is not an autoimmune disease.
a) Diabetes type II
b) Diabetes type I
c) Arthritis
d) Multiple sclerosis
15. ____________ type of glial cells are called myelinated neurons.
a) Astocytes
b) Oligodendrocytes
c) Epedymal cells
d) Micro glial
16. _________ part of brain controls emotions.
a) Cerebral cortex
b) Hypothalamus
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Cerebellum
17. Dopamine depletion is associated with __________ disease.
a) Epilepsy
b) Alzheimer
c) Dementia
d) Parkinson
18. __________ is called father of vaccination.
a) Robert Koch
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Edward jenner
 d) Robert Hooke
19. ____________ type of neuro peptides responsible for feeling of extreme joy.
a) Dopamine
b) Epinephrine
c) Serotonin
d) Opioids
20. _____________ is the secondary lymphoid organs.
a) Bone marrow
b) Thymus
c) Liver
d) Spleen
21. ___________cells release powerful chemicals to kill the altered cells during defense
reaction.
a) TH
b) Tc
c) B
d) Phagocytes
22. A cell secrete a chemical which will induce its own function, this process is called
_________.
a) Paracrine
b) Autocrine
c) Endocrine
d) Luxacrine
23. The signaling molecules of immune system is called as ______________.
a) Neurons
b) Synapsis
c) Cytokines
d) Hormones
24. __________ ligands target adjacent cells which results in contact-dependent signaling.
a) Intracrine
b) Autocrine
c) Juxtacrine
d) Paracrine
25. _____________signaling molecules which travel through circulatory system to target
long-distant organs.
a) Hormones
b) Ligands
c) Vesicles
d) Neurotransmitters
26. The neurological disorder which is caused by inability of brain to control sleep-wake
cycles is called as____________.
a) Bipolar disorder
b) Dyslexia
c) Alzheimer’s disease
d) Narcolepsy
27. In neuron, the thin branching extensions that conduct nerve impulse toward the cell body
is known as ___________.
a) Basal body
b) Dendrites
c) Axon
d) Myelin sheath
28. ____________ is part of brain which controls respiratory functions.
a) Pons
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Cerebellum
d) Medulla oblongata
29. ____________________ is one of the example for cell-surface receptor that acts as gated
channel.
a) G-protein linked receptor
b) Enzyme linked receptor
c) Ion-channel receptor
d) Synaptic receptor
30. ____________ nervous system which controls voluntary muscles.
a) Central
b) Autonomic
c) Somatic
d) Sympathetic
31. Immunity acquired after an infection is
a) active immunity
b) Innate immunity
c) Both B and C
d) Passive immunity
32. __________system cells to the site and activate cells involved in tissue repair
a) Neutrophils
b) Macrophages
c) Mast cells
d) Platelets
33. Name the first cell which recruited at the place of infection
a) Neutrophils
b) Nk cells
c) Macrophages
d) Basophils
34. Immunity acquired after an infection is
a) active immunity
b) Innate immunity
c) Both B and C
d) Passive immunity
35. Which is not a part of the brain?
a) Thalamus
b) Pons
c) Thymus
 d) Diencephalon
36. Which of these is NOT a characteristic feature of adaptive immunity?
a) antibodies
b) Self/ non-self-recognition
c) Immunogenic memory
d) not specific to antigen

37. Maximum antigen binding sites presents in _______type of antibody.

a) IgG
b) IgD
c) IgE
d) IgM
38. The neuron cell is made up of which of the following parts?
a) Axon
b) Nucleus
c) All the above
d) Dendrites

39. Humoral immunity is mediated by

a) NK cells
b) T cells
c) Macrophages
d) B cells
40. Name the cytokines which released in response to virus infection?
a) Interleukins
b) Monokines
c) Interferons
d) Lymphokines
41. The transmission of nerve impulse from one neuron to next is effected by
a) cerebrospinal fluid
b) neurotransmitters
c) receptors
d) hormones
42. The cells of nervous tissue that are not neurons but that assist neurons are called
__________.
a) Neuroglia
b) Leukocytes
c) Amyloid plaques
d) Fibroblasts
43. Tolerance formed in an individual due to antigenic stimulus is
a) Natural immunity
b) Active acquired immunity
c) Passive acquired immunity
d) Acquired immunity
44. The light and heavy chain in the immunoglobin are stabilized by __________.
a) Hydrogen bonds
b) Di-sulphide bonds
 c) Hydrophilic bonds
d) Hydrophobic bonds
45. Brain consists of _____% of oxygen.
a) 10%
b) 30%
c) 20%
d) 25%
46. ________ Part of brain controls swallowing, coughing, vomiting and sneezing.
a) Cerebellum
b) Pons
c) Cerebellum
d) Medulla oblongata
47. The largest lymphatic organ present above the abdomen is _________.
a) Thymus
b) Bone marrow
c) Payer’s patches
d) Spleen
48. _________ is the neurological disorder which causes learning disability.
a) Bipolar disorder
b) Dyslexia
c) Alzheimer’s disease
d) Narcolepsy
49. The two hemispheres of brain are interconnected by bridge of nerve fibers to carry
information between them are called as ________.
a) Hypothalamus
b) Diencephalon
c) Corpus callosum
d) Epithalamus
50. The cells which carry out the destruction of pathogens/or infected cells are called
as_________.
a) Effector cells
b) Antigen-presenting cells
c) Lymphocytes
d) Antibodies
51. When the input signal exceeds the critical level ……………..event occurs
a) Depolarization
b) Refractory period
c) Null period
d) Reflective period

52. Tolerance formed in an individual due to antigenic stimulus is

a) Natural immunity
b) Active acquired immunity
c) Passive acquired immunity
d) Acquired immunity

53. The cells of nervous tissue that are not neurons but that assist neurons are called
 a) Neuroglia
b) Leukocytes
c) Amyloid plaques
d) Fibroblasts
54. The transmission of nerve impulse from one neuron to next is effected by
a) cerebrospinal fluid
b) neurotransmitters
c) receptors
d) hormones

55. Name the cytokines which released in response to virus infection?

a) Interleukins
b) Monokines
c) Interferons
d) Lymphokines
56. Humoral immunity is mediated by

a) NK cells
b) T cells
c) Macrophages
d) B cells
57. The neuron cell is made up of which of the following parts?

a) Axon
b) Nucleus
c) All the above
d) Dendrites
58. Maximum antigen binding sites presents in __________ type of antibody
a) IgG
b) IgD
c) IgE
d) IgM
59. Which of these is NOT a characteristic feature of adaptive immunity?
a) antibodies
b) Self/ non-self recognition
c) Immunogenic memory
d) not specific to antigen
60. Which is not a part of the brain?
a) Thalamus
b) Pons
c) Thymus
d) Diencephalon
61. Name the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
a) Neurons
b) Perikaryon
c) Neuroglia
d) Glial cells
62. Alzheimer"s disease is associated with deficiency of_______
a) glutamic acid
b) Dopamine
c) Acetyl choline
d) Choline
63. Name the first cell which recruited at the place of infection____.
a) Neutrophils
b) Nk cells
c) Macrophages
d) Basophils
64. ________________ secretes hormones called chemokines that attracts immune system cells
to the site and activate cells involved in tissue repair
a) Neutrophils
b) Macrophages
c) Mast cells
d) Platelets
65. Immunity acquired after an infection is
a) active immunity
b) Innate immunity
c) Both B and D
d) Passive immunity
66. A cell secrete a chemical which will induce its own function, this process is called
_________.
a) Paracrine
b) Autocrine
c) Endocrine
d) None of the above
67. ___________ cells release powerful chemicals to kill the altered cells during defense
reaction.
a) TH
b) Tc
c) B
d) None of the above
68. ___________ is the secondary lymphoid organs.
a) Bone marrow
b) Thymus
c) Liver
d) Spleen
69. _____________ type of neuro peptides responsible for feeling of extreme joy.
a) Dopamine
b) Epinephrine
c) Serotonin
d) Opioids
70. ______________ is called father of vaccination.
a) Robert Koch
b) Edward Jenner
c) Louis Pasture
d) Robert Hook
71. Dopamine depletion is associated with ____________ disease.
a) Epilepsy
b) Alzheimer
c) Dementia
d) Parkinson
72. Which part of the brain controls emotions?
a) Cerebral cortex
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Hypothalamus
d) Cerebellum
73. ____________ type of glial cells are called myelinated neurons.
a) Astrocytes
b) Oligodendrocytes
c) Microglial
d) Ependymal cells
74. ________ immune cells contains mitochondria.
a) Basophils
b) Neutrophils
c) Mast cells
d) Macrophages
75. ___________ is not a secondary lymphoid organs.
a) Tonsils
b) Adenoids
c) Lymph nodes
d) Thymus
76. Vaccine is discovered by _______________.
a) Robert Koch
b) Edward Jenner
c) Louis Pasture
d) Robert Hook
77. _____________ glial cells provide nourishment in the form of glucose and other nutrients to
the neurons.
a) Oligodendrocytes
b) Astrocytes
c) Microglia
d) Ependymal