BUSINESS RESEARCH TYBBA SEM V

CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS RESEARCH

1. Research involves all of the following except---------------

A. Validation
B. Control
C. Compilation
D. Promotion

2. According to the authors, research methods are everything except:

A. Unstructured
B. Unbiased
C. Sequential
D. Directed

3. The procedures followed at each stage of research are directed, well documented, and, as
much as possible, planned in advance. The previous statement defines the _____ aspect of the
definition of research.
A. Systematic
B. Accuracy
C. Identification of information
D. Collection of information

4. Of the following statements which reflects why business research information is

advantageous for a managerial decision?
A. It describes what is occurring in the marketplace.
B. It may provide detailed information about specific mistakes or why failures occurred.
C. It provides information to help managers learn about changing environments.
D. All of the above are reasons

5. Usually questions related to personal health, bad habits, family problem, income, religious
matters results into __________error.
A. Unwillingness
B. Inability
C. Response
D. Measurement
6. A research that is oriented towards building theories and models in the field of management
is called:
A. Theoretical research
B. Model testing research
C. Basic research
D. Management research

7. A company wants to know what are the problems faced by employees in the night shift
duties. The company is intending to undertake
A. Pure research
B. Applied research
C. Basic research
D. Causal research

8. Exploratory research studies are

A. Loosely structured
B. Followed by conclusive research
C. Involve hypothesis testing
D. Involve hypothesis building

9.Jet Airways wants to evaluate the impact of a promotional offer of Two thousand rupees off
on return ticket fares on ticket sales. The kind of research being conducted is
A. Applied research
B. Conclusive research
C. Causal research
D. All of the above

10. How many people visit the mall on a weekend is an example of

A. Applied research
B. Conclusive research
C. Basic research
D. Descriptive research

11. The Census carried out by the Government of India is an example of

A. Applied research
B. Conclusive research
C. Causal research
D. Descriptive research
12. Which of the following problems require research
A. Acceptance of a recycled paper packaging at McDonalds
B. Flexible work hours on turnover intentions
C. Investments in insurance policies
D. All of the above

13. All of the following are stages in the research process, Except:
A. Determining sampling method
B. Defining the problem.
C. Formulating a research design.
D. Managerial decision making.

14. Hypotheses formulation is a stage in all the following studies except:

A. Basic research
B. Applied research
C. Exploratory research
D. Descriptive research

15. The method of selecting a small number of items or people to test an assumption or
hypotheses is called:
A. Statistics
B. Sampling
C. dipstick survey
D. Probability theory

16. Checking the data collection forms for omissions, legibility, and consistency in
classification is referred to as
A. Auditing
B. Editing
C. Accuracy analysis
D. Processing

17.Which of the following are statistical methods that can be used for business research
A. Univariate analysis
B. Multivariate analysis
C. Parametric tests
D. All of the above
18. Asset pricing is a kind of
A. Marketing research
B. Production & operation research
C. Personnel & HR research
D. Financial & accounting research

19. Segmentation is a kind of

A. Marketing research
B. Production & operation research
C. Personnel & HR research
D. Financial & accounting research

20. The following are features of a good research study except

A. Should be ethical
B. Should be systematic
C. Should be unbiased & objective
D. All are features

21. Which statement is not true about research design?

A. Research designs are a framework for conducting the research study.
B. Research design specifies the measurement and scaling procedures.
C. Research design is undertaken before developing the approach to the problem.
D. Research design is undertaken after the management research problem has been
defined.

22. ------------------is/are the blueprint that has been created to answer research questions in a
systematic and controlled manner.
A. Research design
B. Research methods
C. Research proposal
D. Research classification

23. Research designs require

A. Conversion of research questions into operational variables
B. Specify the process of defining the variables
C. Specify the controls to be used to test the relationship
D. All of the above
24. Research designs may be broadly classified as _____ or _____ .
A. Exploratory; causal
B. Conclusive; causal
C. Exploratory; conclusive
D. Conclusive; descriptive

25. Exploratory research does the following:

A. Answers questions of fact necessary to determine a course of action.
B. Provides a precise quantitative measurement.
C. Does not require careful and systematic planning.
D. Provides qualitative measures that help clarify problems.

26. The primary objective of _____ is to provide insights into, and an understanding of, the
problem confronting the researcher.
A. Exploratory research
B. Conclusive research
C. Causal research
D. Descriptive research

27. Cross-sectional and longitudinal designs are types of _____

A. Causal research
B. Exploratory research
C. Descriptive research
D. None of the above

28 The primary function of business research is to:

A. Provide the solution to a business problem.
B. Attempt to predict future behavior.
C. Identify personal needs.
D. Provide information to assist managers in making decisions.

29. Aakash and the team working on the Manmade financial research project are developing
ways to test their hypothesis that investors in the professionals category prefer instruments
linked with equity. What type of research are they conducting?
A. Longitudinal research design
B. Exploratory research design
C. Descriptive research design
D. Experimental research design
30. _____ is a type of conclusive research which is especially formulated to give a description
about a phenomena or group.
A. Longitudinal research design
B. Exploratory research design
C. Descriptive research design
D. Experimental research design

31. Descriptive research is conducted for all of the following reasons except
A. To describe the characteristics of relevant groups, such as consumers, company
personnel, organizations, or territories
B. To determine the occurrence of the study variables
C. To understand which variables are the cause and which variables are the effect of a
phenomenon
D. To determine the perceptions of construct and their features

32. The unit of analysis in the comprehensive case method is

A. A person
B. A brand
C. An organization
D. A group
E. A country
F. All of the above

33. _____ is a cross-sectional design in which one sample of respondents is drawn from the
target population and information is obtained from this sample once.
A. Multiple cross-sectional design
B. Single cross-sectional design
C. Cohort analysis
D. None of the above

34. Single cross-sectional designs are also called_____.

A. Experiment designs
B. Exploratory research designs
C. Expert opinion survey
D. None of the above
35. _____ is a cross-sectional design in which there are two or more samples of respondents
and information is obtained from each sample only once.
A. Multiple cross-sectional design
B. Experimental research designs
C. Single cross-sectional design
D. Quasi-experimental research designs

36. _____ is a type of research design involving a fixed sample of population elements that is
measured repeatedly over fixed time intervals.
A. Exploratory research design
B. Causal research design
C. Cross-sectional research design
D. Longitudinal research design

37.Television rating performance usually makes use of the

A. Exploratory research design
B. Causal research design
C. Cross-sectional research design
D. Longitudinal research design

38. Which of the following statements about review of literature is true?

A. The literature has been formalized by the researcher for the specific purpose of
addressing the research problem at hand.
B. Literature review generally involves collecting information through secondary sources
of information.
C. Literature review generally involves collecting information through primary sources of
information.
D. Both b and c are true.

39. A survey question about marital status, to be answered as married or unmarried is an

example of a(n):
A. Dichotomous variable
B. Unknown variable
C. Dependent variable
D. Continuous variable
40. In a typical research problem the______ is expected to influence the _______.
A. Predictor variable; primary variable
B. Independent variable; dependent variable
C. Dependent variable; independent variable
D. Criterion; hypothesis

41. If one is studying the impact of variable pay component on job satisfaction, then variable
pay component is
A. Moderating variable
B. Independent variable
C. Intervening variable
D. Dependent variable

42. If studying the impact of variable pay component on job satisfaction, then the designation
of the employee in the company would be the
A. Moderating variable
B. Independent variable
C. Intervening variable
D. Dependent variable

43. ----------- designs involve the collection of information from any given sample of population
elements only once.
A. Exploratory research designs
B. Causal research designs
C. Cross-sectional research designs
D. Longitudinal research designs

44. If one is studying the impact of variable pay component on job satisfaction, then job
satisfaction is
A. Moderating variable
B. Independent variable
C. Intervening variable
D. Dependent variable
45. _____ are statements/assumptions made -about the likely outcomes of the problem-which
may or may not be true.
A. Hypotheses
B. Research questions
C. Marketing research problems
D. Analytical models

46. Which statement about hypotheses is not true?

A. A hypothesis is an assumption or proposition about the topic that is of interest to the
researcher.
B. Hypotheses are in declarative sentence form.
C. It is possible to formulate hypotheses for all research studies.
D. An important role of a hypothesis is to suggest probable relationship between the
variables under study.

47. If studying the impact of variable pay component on job satisfaction, the compensation
package in the competing organization would be the
A. Moderating variable
B. Independent variable
C. Extraneous variable
D. Dependent variable

48. A researcher wants to study whether a two-wheeler buyer would buy a Nano car. The unit
of analysis in this case would be the
A. Nano dealer
B. Two-wheeler dealer
C. Two-wheeler owner
D. current Nano owners

49. The examples of extraneous variable is (are)

A. Government policies
B. Geographical location
C. Temperature
D. Store size
E. All of the above
50. Scientific Research is -----------
A. Organized inquiry
B. Based on imagination
C. Based on opinion
D. Based on gut feeling

51. ____________research is often conducted because a problem has not been clearly defined,
or its real scope is unclear.
A. Descriptive
B. Exploratory
C. Causal
D. None of these

52. A focus group is a panel of people led by a _______who meet for certain time period.
A. Educator
B. Auditor
C. Controller
D. moderator

53. __________error arises because instead collecting information which is related to original
research objective, researcher’s end up collecting information which is not useful
A. Measurement
B. Researcher
C. Surrogate information
D. Sampling frame

54.___________ research is measuring changes in variables over a time period.

A. Cross-Sectional Research
B. Longitudinal Research
C. Qualitative Research
D. Quantitative Research

55.________ is based on data collection and their analysis etc.

A. Non-Scientific Research
B. Scientific Research
C. Scientific as well as non-scientific research
D. None of these
56. Out of the following which is NOT the quality of good research.
A. Systematic
B. Logical
C. based on Empirical evidence
D. based on imagination

57. ‘Counselling increases punctuality of students in class which in turn increases Result.’ In this
punctuality of students is
A. Independent variable
B. Extraneous Variable
C. Moderating Variable
D. Intervening variable

58. Women drivers have fewer road accidents – this is an example of a

A. Relational hypotheses
B. Descriptive hypotheses
C. Non-directional hypotheses
D. Directional hypotheses

59. Scientific Research is

A. Imagination
B. Intuition
C. Unorganized inquiry
D. Purposive inquiry

60. Focus group discussion is a part of?

A. Descriptive Study
B. Experimental Study
C. Exploratory Study
D. Quantitative Study

61.__________ arises when respondents give inaccurate answers

A. Sampling error
B. Surrogate Information error
C. Response Error
D. Non-Response Error
62. _____error arises when respondents have tendency to view past events nearer than they
actually are
A. Telescopic Error
B. Creation Error
C. Inability Error
D. None of these

63. __________research is a research of a particular time period

A. Cross sectional Research
B. Longitudinal Research
C. Qualitative Research
D. Quantitative Research

64._______ leads to seeking answers is based on certain methodologies and proven facts using
techniques
A. Non-Scientific Research
B. Scientific Research
C. Scientific as well as non-scientific research
D. None of these

65. ____________ variables usually affect IV-DV relationship very significantly

A. Independent variable
B. Extraneous Variable
C. Moderating Variable
D. Intervening variable

66. _______is the plan, structure & strategy of investigation concerned so as to obtain answers
to research questions
A. Sampling Design
B. Data Collection
C. Research Design
D. Review of literature
67.___________ is one of the tools to process the data
A. Data Collection
B. Sampling
C. Coding
D. Pilot Testing

68. It is a causal link between independent and dependent variables.

A. Independent variable
B. Extraneous Variable
C. Moderating Variable
D. Intervening variable

69. The introduction of 5 day work week will lead to higher productivity because job
satisfaction of employees increase. job satisfaction is which type of variable?
A. Independent variable
B. Extraneous Variable
C. Moderating Variable
D. Intervening variable

70. Door to door method is under --------- method of collecting primary data
A. Survey
B. Observation
C. personal interview
D. Ethnography

71. A complete list of all the sapling units is called:

A. Sampling design
B. Sampling frame
C. Population frame
D. Cluster

72. An inability to recall an event that actually took place is known as _______
A. Telescope error
B. Omission error
C. Creation error
D. Researcher error
73. Which method is known as ‘Priori’ method?
A. Method of appeal to authority
B. Method of self-evident truths
C. Scientific method of knowing
D. Method of tenacity

74. ___________error occurs when the interviewer selects respondents other than those
specified by the sampling design or in a manner inconsistent with the sampling design.
A. Respondent selection
B. Interviewer bias
C. Questioning
D. Recording

75. _________is a summarization of previous research studies

A. Sampling Design
B. Research Design
C. Data Collection
D. Review of Literature

76. Instead of collecting information which is related to original research objective, researchers
end up collecting information which is not useful is known as ________
A. Measurement error
B. Analysis error
C. Surrogate information error
D. Sample frame error

77.The extraneous variable could be define as ______

A. The variable that is responsible about a change to the dependent variable
B. All factors that affect the relationship between the independent and dependent variable
C. Changes in the dependent variable because of ambiguity in the research instrument
D. Changes in the independent variable leads to change in dependent variable

78. Which research is conducted to expand scope of knowledge of that particular discipline?
A. Basic research
B. Qualitative research
C. Absolute research
D. Cross-sectional research
79.Which of the following is known to be as non-scientific method of knowing?
A. Tenacity
B. Appeal to authority
C. Self-Evident Truth
D. All of these

80. ___________ is the variation between the true Mean value for the population and the true
Mean value for the original sample
A. Non random sampling error
B. Analysis error
C. Random sampling error
D. None of the above

81. A research aimed at finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an
industrial / business organization is called _____research.
A. Cross sectional
B. Longitudinal
C. applied
D. Pure

82. A study aimed at solving the problem of employees grievances in SBI is a ______ research.
A. Basic research
B. Applied research
C. Problem solving
D. longitudinal

83. Study on attitude of BBA students towards QT is a cross sectional research.

A. True
B. False

84. _______variables are those variables which are prime reason for dependent variable to take
place or to change.
A. Moderating variables
B. Extraneous variables
C. Independent variables
D. Intervening variables
85. In which method Conclusions are biased, subjective and based on preconceived notions.
A. Scientific method
B. Non scientific
C. Both
D. None

86. _______method is also called method of untested opinion

A. Method of tenacity
B. Method of appeal to authority,
C. Method of self evident truth
D. None of the above

87. Which is not the quality of good research?

A. Purpose clearly defined
B. Brief research process
C. Research design thoroughly planned
D. Limitations frankly revealed

88. Which is/are the types of exploratory research?

A. Qualitative analysis technique.
B. Secondary data analysis technique.
C. Expert’s opinion.
D. Experience survey.
E. all

89. When the researcher is interested in knowing the characteristics of certain groups such as
age, sex, education level, occupation or income, a _______study may be necessary.
A. Descriptive
B. Causal
C. Exploratory
D. None

90. A cross-sectional study involves the collection of information from any given sample of
population elements only_____.
A. Once
B. Twice
C. Thrice
D. Four times
91. “Buying behavior of T.Y.B.B.A. students in the batch 2021-2012 while purchasing mobile” is
a _______ research study.
A. Cross sectional
B. Longitudinal
C. applied
D. exploratory

92. ________ research designs are those research designs in which same sample taken out of
population is analyzed repetitively for the same objective or purpose or variable at different
time intervals.
A. Cross sectional
B. Longitudinal
C. Causal
D. Qualitative analysis

93. A _______design investigates the cause and effect relationship between two more
variables.
A. Causal
B. Casual
C. Qualitative
D. Quantitative

94. Surrogate Information Error, Measurement Error, Defective Problem Definition , Defective
Population Definition are the errors committed by
1.Respondent
2.Interviewer
3.Researcher
A. 1 & 3 only
B. 2 only
C. 3 only
D. 1 & 2 only

95. ______ research is conducted for the purpose of solving problem of organization.
A. Basic Research
B. Applied Research
C. Cross Sectional Research
D. Longitudinal Research
96. __________ are all those errors which occur in different stages of research except in the
selection of sampling
A. Non-sampling errors
B. Interpretation error
C. Sampling errror
D. Researcher error

97. ________occurs when respondents refuse to cooperate with the interviewer by not
answering his questions.
A. Response error
B. Non-response error
C. Sampling error
D. Non sampling error

98. Gathering knowledge for knowledge’s sake is termed ______research.

A. Basic research
B. Applied research
C. Cross sectional
D. Longitudinal

99. Instead of obtaining the information on consumer choice of new brand the researcher
obtained the information on consumer preference is an example of ____________error.
A. Measurement
B. Response error
C. Non response
D. Surrogate information

100. The _________is the list of all units comprising the population from which a sample is to
be drawn
A. Sampling element
B. Sampling unit
C. sampling frame
D. population frame
101. Which of the following is not a quality of good business research?
A. Verifiable
B. Precise terminology
C. Ethical standard
D. Focus group

102. Which is not the non-scientific method?

A. Method of Tenacity
B. Method of Appeal to Authority
C. Method of difference
D. Method of Self-Evident truth

103. Which is the correct sequence for the first four steps of research process?
1. Choice of research design
2. Formulating the research problem
3. Determining Sampling technique and sample size determination
4. Determining sources of data & method of collection

A. 1,3,2,4
B. 2,4,3,1
C. 2,1,4,3
D. 4,3,2,1

ANSWERS: CH 1
1.D 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.D
11.D 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B 16.B 17.D 18.D 19.A 20.D
21.C 22.A 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.C 28.D 29.C 30.C
31.C 32.F 33.B 34.D 35.A 36.D 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.B
41.B 42.A 43.C 44.D 45.A 46.C 47.C 48.C 49.E 50.A
51.B 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.B 56.D 57.C 58.B 59.D 60.C
61.C 62.A 63.A 64.B 65.C 66.C 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.A
71.B 72.B 73.B 74.A 75.D 76.C 77.B 78.A 79.D 80.C
81.C 82.C 83.A 84.C 85.B 86.A 87.B 88.E 89.A 90.A
91.A 92.B 93.A 94.C 95.B 96.A 97.B 98.A 99.D 100.C
101.D 102.C 103.C
CH : 2 DATA COLLECTION

1. Published material is which type of data?

A. Secondary
B. Primary
C. Informative
D. None of these

2. Sampling is a process of deriving elements under study from _______-

A. Sample
B. Population
C. Data Collection
D. None of these

3. What is/are the advantage(s) of secondary data?

A. Less time consuming
B. Less expensive
C. Basis for comparison
D. All of these

4. Identify the source of secondary data.

A. Observation
B. Survey
C. Journals and websites
D. All of these

5. What is/are the limitation(s) of secondary data?

A. Less reliable than primary data
B. Less expensive
C. Basis for comparison
D. All of these
6. The data which is already been collected by someone else, and we are using that for our
own purpose, this data can best be described as?
A. Primary Data
B. Secondary Data
C. Panel Data
D. Cross sectional data

7. The data that is collected first time / first handed by the researcher is known as?
A. Primary Data
B. Secondary Data
C. Panel Data
D. Time Series data

8. Which of the following is not the source of secondary data?

A. Websites
B. Books
C. Journals
D. Survey

9. What amongst the following is/are the methods to collect primary data?
A. Survey
B. Books
C. Review of literature
D. Websites

10. In survey method, what type of information is collected?

A. Opinion
B. Attitude
C. Preferences
D. All of these

11. Which out of the following is not one of the survey methods?
A. Mail
B. Panel
C. Office
D. Telephonic
12. What is the full form of CATI?
A. Computer Approved Telephonic Interview
B. Computer Assisted Telephonic Interview
C. Conversion Approved Telephonic Interview
D. Computer Assured Teleconferencing Interview

13. In which of the following survey methods, response rate used to be very low?
A. Face to face interview
B. Mail Survey
C. Mall Intercept Survey
D. Panel Survey

14. In _____ data the class boundaries are as per the requirement of the research work.
A. secondary
B. Primary
C. Both
D. Intermediate
E. Media panel

15. In which of the following survey methods, sample control used to be very high?
A. Face to face interview
B. Mail Survey
C. E-Mail Survey
D. Panel Survey

16. Which of the following is least effective survey technique?

A. Face to face survey
B. Panel Survey
C. Mall Intercept survey
D. Mail Survey

17. To predict demand of toys over next five years , which secondary source of data is useful?
A. Internal
B. External
C. Intermediate
D. All
18. Which of the following is known as personal interviewing technique of survey?
A. Traditional telephonic interview
B. Mall Intercept
C. Mail Panel
D. E-Mail

19. In which of the following survey methods, response rate used to be very high?
A. Face to face interview
B. Mail Survey
C. E-Mail Survey
D. Panel Survey

20. Which survey method is extremely costly?

A. In-Home Survey
B. Internet
C. Mail
D. all

21. _______is the recording of behavioral patterns of people, objects and events in a systematic
manner to obtain information about the phenomenon of interest.
A. Survey
B. Observation
C. Experiment
D. Group Discussion

22. In which of the following scenarios, observation method is most suitable?

A. To study demographic characteristics of people who goes abroad
B. To explore cause and effect relationship between two variables
C. To study culture and lifestyle of people who are living in slum area
D. None of these

23. To study pattern of people who are purchasing from retail malls, which among the following
is the most suitable way to collect primary data?
A. Survey
B. Observation
C. Experiment
D. Interview
24. If a newly appointed teacher is assigned the work of studying how students behave in the
class, who is mostly participating in the class and which students are disturbing the class the
most; which method will be most suitable in this case?
A. Survey
B. Interview
C. Experiment
D. Observation

25. _______is the observation technique where the researcher clearly defines the behavior to
be observed and the methods by which they will be measured.
A. Disguised Observation
B. Contrived Observation
C. Structured Observation
D. Mechanical Observation

26. In _______type of observation method, respondents don’t know that they are being
observed.
A. Disguised
B. Non-Disguised
C. Mechanical
D. Personal

27. Response rate is very low in survey method

A. Face to faceinterview
B. Mail Survey
C. Mall InterceptSurvey
D. Panel Survey

28. What is the full form of CAPI?

A. Computer Approved Personalinterview
B. Computer Assisted Personalinterview
C. Conversion Approved Personal Interview
D. Computerassured Personallyinterview
29. It involves the use of a set of predetermined questions & highly standardized techniques of
recording the information.
A. Structured observation
B. Unstructured observation
C. Both a and b
D. None of above

30. ________can be understood as set of all respondents who agree to participate in survey
process for some monetary incentives
A. Face to face interview
B. Mail panel
C. observation
D. none of these

31. The researcher utilizing the data collection witnesses and records information as the
phenomena occurs.
A. Survey method
B. Observation method
C. Content analysis
D. Secondary data method
E. experimental method

32. Which of the following is not a part of secondary data advantages?

A. Edited & filtered format
B. Authenticity & correctness of data
C. Units of measurement can be different
D. Mental & physical efforts are less

33. Process to evaluate secondary data does not include _______

A. Answer to research questions
B. Relevancy of current time period
C. Accuracy of data
D. Data selling firms
34. In case of______, the event or behaviour of a person is observed as it occurs.
A. Structured observation
B. Disguised observation
C. Direct observation
D. Human observation

35.In comparison to primary data, secondary data can be collected

A. Rapidly and easily
B. At a relatively low cost
C. In a short time
D. With less effort
E. All of the above

36. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of secondary data?

A. The objectives, nature, and methods used to collect the secondary data may not be
appropriate to the present situation.
B. Secondary data may be lacking in accuracy.
C. Secondary data may be expensive and time consuming.
D. Secondary data may not be completely current or dependable.
E. All the above are disadvantages.

37. Which of the following is a disadvantage of secondary data?

A. The reporting and inference may not be topical.
B. The variables may be defined differently.
C. The unit of measurement may not be the same.
D. The population characteristics might be different.
E. All of the above

38. Secondary data methods have a lot of advantages except

A. Time advantage
B. Cost advantage
C. Accuracy advantage
D. Accessibility advantage
E. All of the above are advantages
39. Financial records are a type of
A. Government data sources
B. External data sources
C. Internal data sources
D. None of the above

40. Census of India is a

A. Syndicate data source
B. Internal data source
C. Government data source
D. Non-government data source
E. None of the above

41. Monthly survey of selected industries is available from

A. Ministry of Industries
B. Ministry of Home
C. Prime Minister’s office
D. CII(confederation of Indian Industries)
E. None of the above

42. Stock exchange directory is a

A. Internal data source
B. Government data source
C. Non-government data source
D. Published data source
E. Unpublished data source
F. b & d
G. c & d

43. A syndicate data source that makes use of samples of respondents whose television viewing
behavior is automatically recorded by electronic devices is called the
A. Scanner diary panels/cable TV
B. Scanner panels
C. Purchase panels
D. Media panels
44. Observation allows for all of the following Except
A. The systematic recording of non-verbal behaviour
B. The validation of the data obtained from other data collection methods
C. The gathering of evidence to explain respondent intentions
D. The reporting on actual respondent behaviour
E. The reporting of the events as they take place

45. ______data are as per the researcher's requirement

A. secondary
B. Primary
C. Both
D. Only secondary

46. Primary data are more accurate than secondary data.

A. True
B. False

47. Personal interviewing can be of which type?

A. Mall intercept
B. Computer assisted
C. At home
D. All are types of personal interviews
E. None are types of personal interviews

48.______ data helps researcher to understand the problem, _____ data fails to do so because
of its nature.
A. Secondary, primary
B. Primary, secondary
C. Primary, Intermediate
D. Secondary, intermediate

49. Which of the following is not the disadvantage of secondary data?

A. Class boundaries not as required
B. Method of Collection not known
C. Inaccuracy and lack of reliability
D. Latest data
50. In undisguised observation, the respondents are aware that they are under observation.
A. True
B. False

51. Syndicated services may be regarded as an _________source falling between the primary
and secondary sources
A. Intermediate
B. Inter resource
C. Secondary
D. Mail panel

52. To study long term financial situation of INFOSYS which secondary source of data is useful?
A. Internal
B. External
C. Intermediate
D. All

53. In which of the following survey methods, speed of collecting responses is very high?
A. Mall Intercept Survey
B. Mail Survey
C. Telephonic Survey
D. Internet Survey

54. CATI can also be used to make automatic cross-checking of responses

A. True
B. False

55. Which are the advantages of Telephonic interview.

A. It does not involve field work.
B. Re-call is easy. Calls back are simple & economical.
C. This method covers wide area networks.
D. All of the above

56. Which is not the limitation of Telephonic interview?

A. Limited to persons with listed telephones
B. No limit to the length of interview
C. Not possible to use visual aids like charts, maps, pictures
D. Quite difficult to solve the queries on telephone
57. Which are the advantages of personal interview?
A. More information & that in greater depth can be obtained.
B. Interviewer by his own skill can overcome the resistance of respondents.
C. Misinterpretation concerns in questions can be avoided
D. All

58. Sample control is almost 100% in _______ survey method.

A. Telephonic
B. Mail
C. Personal
D. Electronic

59. In the case of ________observation the subjects do not know that they are being observed.
A. Structured
B. Participative
C. Human
D. Disguised
E. All

60. In _______method the respondents can complete the questionnaires at their conveniences.
A. Telephonic
B. Personal
C. Mail
D. Electronic

61. Skip patterns can be programmed and performed automatically in ______method.

A. Internet
B. CAPI
C. CATI
D. ALL

62. In which method there is no interviewing bias caused by the interviewer and the
interviewing process is eliminated or reduced.
A. Observation
B. Survey
C. Experiment
D. Causal research
63.Which are the limitation/s of observation method?
A. Observation is a cheap method of data collection
B. In some cases, the use of observational methods may be ethical
C. Observation is a highly technical job
D. All of the above

64. Which are the types of observation?

1. Direct & Indirect Method
2. Mechanical & Human Observation
3. Causal & Descriptive
4. Disguised & Non-disguised
5. Structured & Non-Structured

A. Only 1,3,5
B. Only 2,4,5
C. Only 1,2,4,5
D. All of the above

65. In the case of ______observation, the event or the behaviour of a person is observed as it
occurs.
A. Direct
B. Indirect
C. Disguised
D. Non disguised

66. Which method is also known as Self administered survey methods?

A. Telephonic
B. Mail
C. Personal
D. Electronic

67. External source of secondary data can be classified as

A. Industry association & syndicated service
B. Government Publications & Non-Government Publications
C. Primary & intermediate
D. All of the above
68. _______observation is used when the research problem has been formulated precisely and
the observers have been told specifically what is to be observed.
A. Structured
B. Unstructured
C. Participative
D. Non participative

ANSWERS CH 2:
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.D

11.C 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.B 19.D 20.A

21.B 22.C 23.B 24.D 25.C 26.A 27.B 28.B 29.A 30.B

31.B 32.C 33.D 34.C 35.E 36.C 37.E 38.C 39.C 40.C

41.E 42.G 43.D 44.C 45.B 46.A 47.D 48.A 49.D 50.A

51.A 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.D 56.B 57.D 58.C 59.D 60.C

61.D 62.A 63.C 64.C 65.A 66.B 67.B 68.A

CH .: 3 SAMPLING AND SCALING METHODS
1. When a random sample is drawn from each stratum after dividing population in strata; it is
known as:
A. Simple random sampling
B. Stratified random sampling
C. Probability sampling
D. Purposive sampling

2. Which one is NOT Non probability methods?

A. Purposive sampling
B. snowball sampling
C. systematic sampling
D. Quota sampling

3. Which scale is the simplest form of measurement?

A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio

4. An ordinal scale is used to rank order people, objects, or characteristics.

A. True
B. False

5. If a cricket coach calculates batting averages, what scale would be used?

A. Interval scale
B. Ratio scale
C. Nominal scale
D. Ordinal scale

6. Of the following sampling methods, which is a probability method?

A. Judgement
B. Quota
C. Simple random
D. Convenience
7. Increasing the sample size has the following effect upon the sampling error?
A. It increases the sampling error
B. It reduces the sampling error
C. It has no effect on the sampling error
D. All of the above

8. Which of the following is not a type of non-probability sampling?

A. Quota sampling
B. Convenience sampling
C. Snowball sampling
D. Stratified random sampling

9. Sample is regarded as a subset of______

A. Data
B. Set
C. Distribution
D. Population

10. _____scale does not indicate order or distance or relationship and has no arithmetic origin.
A. Nominal Scales
B. Ordinal Scales
C. Interval Scales
D. Ratio Scales

11. Among these, which sampling is based on equal probability?

A. Simple random sampling
B. Stratified random sampling
C. Systematic sampling
D. purposive sampling

12. The problem with _____is they don’t have a “true zero.”
A. Interval scales
B. Nominal Scales
C. Ordinal Scales
D. Ratio Scales
13. A researcher divides a heterogeneous population into homogeneous groups. And then
draws samples from each group. Which sampling technique is the researcher using?
A. Cluster sampling
B. Stratified sampling
C. Non-probability sampling
D. Quota sampling

14. What are the various classifications of sampling?

A. Random and purposive
B. Stratified and cluster
C. Probability and non-probability
D. Multi-stage and sequential

15. HDFC Bank provides best e-banking service. Tick mark your response for it. Which type of
scale is this?
Strongly Agree _____
Agree _____
Neutral _____
Disagree _____
Strongly Disagree _____

A. Likert scale
B. Nominal scale
C. Constant sum scale
D. Stapel scale
E. Thurstone scale
A.

16. Which of the following is not a type of non random sampling?

A. Cluster sampling
B. Convenience sampling
C. Quota sampling
D. Purposive sampling
E. They are all type of nonrandom sampling
17. Determining the sample interval (represented by k), randomly selecting a number between
1 and k, and including each kth element in your sample are the steps for which form of
sampling?
A. Simple Random Sampling
B. Stratified Random Sampling
C. Systematic Sampling
D. Cluster sampling

18. Sampling is used in the situations

A. Blood test of the patients
B. Cooking rice in an utensil
C. Purchase of food commodity from shopkeeper
D. All the above

19. People who are available, volunteer, or can be easily recruited are used in the sampling
method called ______.
A. Simple random sampling
B. Cluster sampling
C. Systematic sampling
D. Convenience sampling

20. Which of the following types of sampling involves the researcher determining the
appropriate sample sizes for the groups identified as important, and then taking convenience
samples from those groups?
A. Proportional stratified sampling
B. Quota sampling
C. One-stage cluster sampling
D. Two-stage cluster sampling

21. First member unit used to identify second unit and so on . Which of the following type of
method is this?
A. Simple random sampling
B. Cluster sampling
C. Systematic sampling
D. Snowball sampling
22. A probability sampling technique that uses a two-step process; first partitions the
population into sub populations, or strata and then elements are selected from each stratum by
a random procedure is known as ____________sampling
A. Quota
B. Cluster
C. stratified
D. none of the above

23. In which method physical stimuli or visual aids can be used greatest?
A. Personal interview
B. Telephone interview
C. Mail interview
D. Electronic interview

24. ______research is the gathering of primary data by watching people.

A. Experimental
B. Casual
C. Informative
D. Observational

25. Conducting surveys is the most common method of generating ________

A. Primary data
B. Secondary data
C. Qualitative data
D. None of the above

26. A sampling procedure in which each element of the population has a fixed probabilistic
chance of being selected for the sample is known as _______sampling.
A. Non probability
B. Probability
C. Causal
D. Longitudinal
27. An observation technique where the researcher himself actively remains associated with other
members of group and observes the behaviour and activities of the group of study is known as_______

A. Quasi participant observation

B. Non-participant observation
C. Participant observation
D. None of the above

28. Arithmetic Mean can be calculated on the following type of measurements:

A. Nominal scale
B. Ordinal scale
C. Interval scale
D. Ratio scale
E. Both (c) and (d) are true

29. The salary of Ram is twice as much as the salary of Shyam – this is an example of:
A. Nominal scale measurement
B. Ordinal scale measurement
C. Interval scale measurement
D. Ratio scale measurement

30. Eno salt is good for digestion – this is an example of:

A. Cognitive component
B. Affective component
C. Intention or action component
D. None of the above is true

31. If there are three items offered to a person, the number of paired comparisons would be:
A. Six
B. Four
C. Three
D. Twelve

32. What are the advantages of Convenience sampling?

A. Least expensive and least time consuming of all sampling techniques.
B. The sampling units are accessible, easy to measure, and cooperative.
C. It does not require a list of population.
D. All of the above
33. Paired comparison scale is an example of:
A. Non forced scale
B. Graphic rating scale
C. Itemized rating scale
D. None of the above is true

34. The sensitivity of a scale can be increased by:

A. Increasing the number of items in the scale
B. Decreasing the number of items in the scale
C. Keeping the number of items to five
D. Having a few options to choose from

35. Which of the following scales possess an absolute zero?

A. Nominal scale
B. Ordinal scale
C. Interval scale
D. Ratio scale

36. In which of the following scales the objects are arranged according to their magnitude in an
ordered relationship?
A. Nominal scale
B. Ordinal scale
C. Interval scale
D. Ratio scale

37. The validity of the scale means

A. There is no systematic error.
B. The correlation coefficient between the observations taken at two different time
periods is high and significant.
C. It measures what it is supposed to measure.
D. It has only three categories so that it becomes easy for the respondents to answer.

38. The scale which uses bi-polar adjectives to anchor each end of the scales is the
A. Likert scale
B. Stapel scale
C. Semantic Differential scale
D. Q-sort technique
39. To make a scale more sensitive one should
A. Use more number of categories
B. Avoid dichotomous questions
C. Apply Likert scale
D. Use balanced scale

40. In which of the following scales does difference in scores have meaningful interpretation?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Ratio
D. Interval
E. Both c and d

41. ‘Aaliya Bhatt is more beautiful than Katrina Kaif’ – this is an example of
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Ratio
D. Interval
42. In which of the following scales can all possible statistical techniques be applied?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Ratio
D. Interval

43. Which of the following measures of central tendency can be applied for ordinal scale
measurement?
A. Geometric and harmonic means
B. Arithmetic means
C. Median and mode
D. Arithmetic mean and mode

44. The numbers assigned to the members of Team India is an example of

A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Ratio
D. Interval
45.Before drawing a sample one must
A. Determine the sample size.
B. Select a sampling scheme.
C. Identify a sampling frame.
D. Define the population.

46. The advantage of sampling over census is in the following cases except
A. It has lower cost.
B. Lower sampling error.
C. Greater precision.
D. Both (a) and (b).

47. The ________ consists of a set of bipolar rating scales, usually with 7 points
A. Likert scale
B. Nominal scale
C. Constant sum scale
D. Semantic differential scale
E. Stapel scale

48. A sampling frame

A. Is a list of all elements of population with proper identification from which a sample is
drawn.
B. Is a form of probability sampling.
C. Is a requirement when a non-probability sampling scheme is used to draw the sample.
D. Gives unbiased estimates.

49. Validity of a scale can be measured using following methods

1. Content validity
2. Internal consistency reliability
3. Criterion validity
4. Construct validity
5. Test- re test reliability

A. Only 1,2,3,5
B. Only 1,2,4,5
C. Only 1,3,4
D. Only 2,3,4,5
50. Selecting every fifth female entering the mall is an example of
A. Quota sampling
B. Cluster sampling
C. Systematic sampling
D. Simple random sampling

51. In simple random sampling design each element of the population has the following chance
of being selected in the sample.
A. Equal
B. Unequal
C. Known
D. Equal and known
E. Unequal and known

52. Non-probability sampling design is used in

A. Descriptive research
B. Causal research
C. Exploratory research
D. Both (a) and (b) are correct

53. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Samples are less expensive.
B. Non-sampling error reduces with increase in sample size.
C. Simple random sampling is more efficient than stratified sampling.
D. All of the above are true.

54. In the proportionate stratified random sampling

A. The bigger a population stratum, the larger is the number of sample units allocated to it.
B. Population is divided into strata in such a way that the elements within the strata are
heterogeneous.
C. The cost of choosing a sample is of main consideration.
D. All of the above are true.

55. Which of the following statements is false:

 A. The criteria for stratification should be related with the objective of the study.
B. The stratified sampling allows for the comparison of variables between strata.
C. In proportionate stratified sampling, the number of elements selected from each
stratum varies directly with homogeneity of each stratum.
D. Systematic sampling gives a more representative sample than a simple random
sampling.

56. Which of the following statement is true?

A. Probability sampling is used to select the initial set of respondents for snow-ball
sampling.
B. In non-probability sampling each and every element of the population has an equal
probability of being selected in the population.
C. A census can decrease the non-sampling error.
D. We should not use more than five strata in a stratified sampling design.

57. In which of the probability sampling design, the first element is chosen at random and the
remaining elements are picked up by adding the sampling interval to it successively.
A. Cluster sampling
B. Stratified sampling
C. Systematic sampling
D. Simple random sampling

58. Requesting people to volunteer to test products is an example of

A. Quota sampling
B. Judgmental sampling
C. Random sampling
D. Convenience sampling

59. Which of the following statements is true?

A. In systematic sampling, the population is arranged in a particular order.
B. Simple random sampling always results in a representative sample.
C. Higher the numbers of strata in a stratified sampling, more accurate are the result.
D. In cluster sampling, the elements within each cluster are homogeneous.

60. The advantage of sampling is

 A. That it is representative.
B. Fatigue is reduced.
C. Time is saved.
D. Decision making could be faster.
E. (b), (c) and (d) are true.

61. Which of the following statements is false:

A. The starting number is chosen arbitrarily while using a random number table.
B. In simple random sampling, every element of the population has an equal chance of
being selected in the population.
C. The process of selecting an adequate number of elements from the population is called
sampling.
D. A census study is more appropriate in case the units of interest for research are human
beings.

62. Which are the factors that affect sample size determination?
1. Budget
2. Time
3. Population size
4. Variance in characteristics of population
5. Response rate

A. Only 1,2,5
B. Only 2,3,5
C. Only 2,3,4,5
D. Only 1,2,3,4,5

63. Higher the consequences of sampling error, larger shall be the sample
A. True
B. False

64. which are the non probabilistic probability techniques?

 1. Convenience sampling
2. Judgmental sampling
3. Stratified sampling
4. Systematic sampling
5. Quota sampling
6. Snowball sampling

A. Only 1,3,4,5,6
B. Only 1,2,4,5
C. Only 1,2,5,6
D. Only 1,3,5,6

65. Respondent’s co-operation is best in the method of_______

A. Mail survey
B. Electronic survey
C. Personal survey
D. Telephone survey

66. Which are the advantages of SRS?

A. It is difficult to understand.
B. It is not free of classification error.
C. The sample result may be projected to the target population.
D. All of the above

67. Hypertext mark-up language of_______

A. E-mail interview
B. Internet interview
C. Mail panel interview
D. Ordinary mail interview

68. In ___________sampling the sample size is not known in advance, but a decision rule is
stated before sampling begins
A. Double
B. Proportionate
C. Disproportionate
D. Sequential

70. The constant sum rating scale would result in which type of measurement?
 A. Nominal scale
B. Ordinal scale
C. Interval scale
D. Ratio scale

71. A form of convenience sampling in which the population elements are purposively selected
based on the judgment of the researcher is known as __________sampling.
A. Snowball
B. Quota
C. A & B both
D. Judgmental

72. ________is the process of assigning numbers or values or other symbols to a property of
objects in order to impart some of the properties of numbers or figures to the property in
question.
A. Comparative scale
B. Scaling
C. Non comparative
D. Itemed scale

73. Which are the four primary scales that are used in social or business researches?
1. Nominal Scales
2. Ordinal Scales
3. Comparative scales
4. Interval Scales
5. Ratio Scales
6. Likert scale

A. Only 1,2,3,5
B. Only 2,3,4,5
C. Only 1,2,4, 5
D. All of the above

74. The difference between a statistic and the parameter is called_______

A. Non-random
B. Probability
C. Sampling error
D. Random
75. Give a rank from 1 to 5 to your subject teachers for their teaching method is a _____scale.
A. Nominal Scales
B. Ordinal Scales
C. Comparative scales
D. Interval Scales
E. Ratio Scales
F. Likert scale

76. For the study of any population, sampling is conducted because it is __________.
A. Expensive
B. Difficult
C. Time-efficient
D. Biased

77. The extent to which a scale produces consistent result if repeated again is known as
_______of scale.
A. Validity
B. Practicality
C. sensitivity
D. Reliability

78. Which are three approaches to access reliability of scale?

1. Test- re test reliability
2. Content reliability
3. Alternative forms of reliability
4. Internal consistency reliability
5. Construct reliability

A. Only 1,2,3
B. Only 2,4,5
C. Only 1,3,4
D. Only 2,3,4,5

79. Which of the following is not a probability sampling plan?

A. Systematic sampling
B. Cluster sampling
C. Convenience sampling
D. Stratified sampling
80. In a restaurant, the visitors are told to distribute 100 points among four categories. Which
type of scale is this?
Food Quality ____
Atmosphere ____
Service ____
Price ____
TOTAL 100

A. Likert scale
B. Nominal scale
C. Constant sum scale
D. Stapel scale

81. In _______, all the units of the universe have an equal chance of being included in the
sample.
A. Non-probability sampling
B. Probability sampling
C. Judgment sampling
D. Interval sampling

82. A census is preferred over sampling when

A. The size of the population is very small.
B. There is a large variation in the population units.
C. Most of the elements in the population are identical.
D. Both (a) and (b) are true.

83. Put a tick mark on a seven point scale for products of Flipcart Inc.
Safe : : : : : : : : Unsafe
Which type of scale is this?
A. Semantic similar scale
B. Nominal scale
C. Semantic differential scale
D. Constant sum scale
E. Stapel scale
F. Ordinal scale
84. The ________scale offers total eleven scaling possibilities but only two extreme possibilities
and one neutral point are verbally mentioned
A. Semantic similar
B. Nominal
C. Thurstone
D. Semantic differential
E. Constant sum

85. Which scale is this? Good _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Bad

A. Likert scale
B. Semantic differential
C. Staple scale
D. Numerical

ANSWERS: Ch 3

1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.D 10.A

11.A 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.B

21.D 22.C 23.A 24.D 25.A 26.B 27.C 28.E 29.D 30.A

31.C 32.D 33.D 34.A 35.D 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.E

41.B 42.C 43.C 44.A 45.D 46.B 47.D 48.A 49.C 50.C

51.D 52.C 53.A 54.A 55.C 56.A 57.C 58.D 59.A 60.E

61.D 62.D 63.A 64.C 65.C 66.C 67.B 68.D 69.D 70.D

71.B 72.B 73.C 74.C 75.B 76.C 77.D 78.C 79.C 80.C

81.B 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.B

CH 4 DESIGN OF QUESTIONNAIRE & DATA PROCESSING

1. Which is NOT types of information in preparing questionnaire?

A. Basic information
B. classification Information
C. primary Data
D. Identification Information

2. Questions are from general to specific which is called ……..approach

A. Inverted funnel
B. Funnel
C. Overall
D. Loaded

3. Examples of ambiguous words include:

A. Often
B. Adequate
C. Regularly
D. all of the above

4. _______of data involves transferring coded data from questionnaire into computer system,
directly or via some device like disc, scanner etc.
A. Tabulation
B. Transcribing
C. Editing
D. Coding

5. Using double-barrelled questions is acceptable in questionnaire design.

A. True
B. False

6. Questionnaire is a _____
A. Research method
B. Measurement technique
C. Tool for data collection
D. Data analysis technique
7. When conducting an interview, asking "Anything else? What do you mean?, Why do you feel
that way?," etc, are all forms of:
A. Contingency questions
B. Probes
C. protocols
D. Response categories

8. Before the questionnaire can be regarded as ready for coding, tabulation & analysis, it is
necessary to check its______________.
A. Accuracy, uniformity & validity
B. Completeness, accuracy & uniformity
C. Reliability, validity, sensitivity
D. Accuracy & uniformity

9. To avoid problem in question wording, which points should be considered?

A. Define the issue
B. Use ordinary words
C. Avoid ambiguous words
D. Avoid lading questions
E. All

10. The __________is the most frequently used primary method of data collection in any area
of business research. It involves a predetermined set of queries in a structured format.
A. Indepth interviews
B. Focus group discussions
C. Projective techniques
D. Sociometric analysis
E. Questionnaire

11. Which of the following is not an objective of a questionnaire?

A. The information asked from the respondent must be specific to the study
B. The questionnaire must de simple to understand and answer answer.
C. A questionnaire must be easy to use.
D. A questionnaire must engage the respondent and not cause boredom and stress
E. A questionnaire should minimize response error
12. Which of the following is not a part of the questionnaire design process?
A. Specify the type of questioning method.
B. Arrange questions in proper order.
C. Reproduce the questionnaire.
D. Develop the sampling plan.
E. Choosing question wording

13. As a career conscious student, have you thought of doing MBA?

A. Correct question
B. Incorrect question

14. Similar questions asked at different points in the questionnaire increase its
A. Physical appearance
B. Authencity of asking questions
C. Length of the questionnaire
D. Reliability of the questionnaire

15. The reason for the respondent’s inability to answer the questions in a questionnaire could
be because of:
A. The person might not have the required information
B. The person might not remember the answer
C. The person might not be able to articulate the answer
D. None of the above
E. All of the above

16. A _____ is a type of question that might attempts to cover two issues.
A. Structured question
B. Dichotomous question
C. Double-barrelled question
D. Branching question

17. What type of question is the following: If you were to select your favorite holiday
destination and what are the reasons for this. What would be your answer?
A. Leading question
B. Loaded question
C. Fixed-alternative question
D. Open-ended question
E. None of the above
18. What type of question is the following: I like my coffee to be strong and mild . yes/no
A. Leading question
B. Loaded question
C. Fixed-alternative question
D. Open-ended question
E. None of the above

19. Consider the following question:

Don’t you think the current government has an excellent poverty alleviation programme?
Yes/no
A. Is a leading question
B. Is a loaded question
C. Is a double-barrelled question
D. Is an interval scaled question

20. Open-ended response questions:

A. Require less interviewer skill.
B. Are good for exploratory research
C. Take less time to answer than fixed-alternative questions.
D. Ask the respondent to answer in his own words.
E. a & d
F. b & d

21. What type of question is the following?

Do you think that coca cola is a tasty and refreshing colddrink? Yes /no
A. Double-barreled
B. Forced choice
C. Open-ended
D. Dichotomous

22. Which of the following is an example of an ambiguous response category

A. One
B. Three
C. Seven
D. Sometimes
E. Ten
23. ________information and _______information together can be called as personal
information.
A. Basic, identification
B. Identification, classification
C. Classification, Basic
D. Family, business

24.The process of administering the first draft of the questionnaire on a small group of
respondent in order to refine it and arrive at the final version is called
A. Primary testing
B. Draft testing
C. Pilot testing
D. Questionnaire testing
E. Field testing

25. Which of the following is not a step in the data-processing stage?

A. Editing
B. Select a research design
C. Validation
D. Tabulating
E. Data cleaning

26. The _____ step of the data-processing consists of carefully reviewing the data collection
process to assess if there are any gaps or inconsistencies in the same.
A. Coding
B. Data cleaning
C. Field work validation
D. Editing
E. Tabulating
F. None of the above

27. At the editing stage the researcher carries out the following steps except:
A. Recoding unsatisfactory responses
B. Assigning missing values
C. Discarding unsatisfactory responses
D. Ensuring that the correct response categories have been used
E. The data is complete in all respects
28. The process of giving a numeral value to the responses given by the respondent is called
A. Coding
B. Tabulating
C. Field validation
D. Data analysis
E. Data monitoring

29. If after post-coding categories have been established and all data have been coded and one
ends up with too many code categories. The researcher should:
A. Discard the coding
B. Go back to the respondent and collect answers on the question again to match the coded
categories.
C. Recode the entire set
D. Collapse the categories

30. In which of the following categories questions it is not possible to carry out a pre-coding?
A. Open-ended questions
B. Multiple choice questions
C. Dichotomous questions
D. Scaled questions
E. Checklists

31. Field editing is primarily done by

A. The business decision maker
B. The principal researcher
C. The data analyst
D. The field investigators
E. All of the above

32. Field editing helps to assess all of the following except

A. Inconsistencies in data entry
B. Check non-response to certain questions
C. Whether the respondent has understood how to fill the questionnaire
D. Whether the surveyor has understood how to get the questionnaire filled in
E. Ascertain what should be the preliminary data analysis that can be done
33. Central editing is done by
A. The business decision maker
B. The principal researcher
C. The data analyst
D. The field investigators
E. All of the above

34. The usual ways to code a dichotomous question is

A. 0 and 1
B. 1 to 5
C. 0, 1 and 2
D. None of the above

35. In case the researcher has asked the respondent to rank 10 brands then the number of
columns needed would be
A. 1
B. As many as the respondent has ranked
C. 10
D. Is the researcher’s discretion

36. In case of a rating question like – how satisfied are you with your mobile service provider?
Use a 10 point scale –with 1=very satisfied and 10=very dissatisfied. The researcher would
need------------columns.
A. 1
B. As many as the respondent has rated
C. 10
D. Is the researcher’s discretion

37. The arranging of the data according to some logical pattern is called
A. Data analysis
B. Cumulative frequencies
C. Stem and leaf display
D. Data tabulation
38. A formal set of pre defined questions developed in order to seek information regarding a
topic under study from the respondents is called_________
A. Schedule
B. Pre testing
C. survey
D. Questionnaire

39. Which is the correct sequence for questionnaire design process?

1. Identify the information needed
2. Design questions to overcome respondents' inabiltity and unwillingness error
3. Decide the content of each question
4. Specify the survey method

A. 2,3,4,1
B. 1,2,4,3
C. 1,4,3,2
D. 4,1,3,2

40. What is a pilot study?

A. A small scale study.
B. A study involving pilots.
C. A study to test data analysis tool.
D. A study that is the first of its type.

41. The demographic questions should generally come at

A. The end of a questionnaire
B. Beginning of the questionnaire
C. Middle of the questionnaire
D. Can be placed anywhere where they look appropriate.

42. Do you think Tata tea is tasty and refreshing? Yes/no. It is ______type of question.
A. Open ended
B. descriptive
C. double-barreled
D. staple scale
43. Do you know how many hours of television you watched during the last four weeks?
Is a ________ question.
A. Correct
B. Incorrect

44. Unstructured questions are also known as ______ questions.

A. Subjective
B. Objective
C. None
D. Both

45. Which types of information can be collected through questionnaire?

1. Basic Information
2. Identification Information
3. Related information
4. Classification Information
5. Casual information

A. Only 2,3,5
B. Only 1,2,4
C. Only 1,4,5
D. All of the above

46. Unstructured questions may lead to recording error, data coding, and adds complexity of
analysis.
A. True
B. False

47. A structured question can be of any of the following type.

A. Dichotomous question
B. Multiple-options, single choice questions
C. Multiple-options, multiple choice questions
D. Ranking questions
E. All of the above
48. Do you like the taste of Kissan Jam? Yes ____ No ____. It is a ___________question.
A. Dichotomous
B. Rating
C. Scaling
D. subjective

49. Data processing does not involve the step,

A. Editing
B. Questionnaire construction
C. Transcribing
D. Data cleaning

50. How frequently do you make grocery purchase? Very frequently / Frequently / Rarely
A. Correct question
B. Incorrect question

51. As a patriotic indian, do you avoid using chinese goods? YES____ NO____ .
A. It’s a leading question
B. Dichochorous question
C. Patriotic question
D. None of the above

52. In which of the following interviewer bias is high and thus a problem?
A. E-mail questionnaire
B. Telephone interview
C. Mail questionnaire
D. Web-based questionnaire

53. The opening questions should be

A. Interesting
B. Simple
C. Threatening
D. 1 & 2 only
E. 1, 2 & 3 only
54. _______means review of questionnaires with the objective of increasing accuracy.
A. Tabulation
B. Transcribing
C. Editing
D. Analysis

55. There are two stages of editing which is

A. Field editing & central office editing
B. Field editing & mall intercept editing
C. central office editing & mall intercept editing
D. Mall intercept editing & Personal editing

56. ________questions allow the respondent to express their opinions without the bias
associated with restricting responses to predefined alternatives.
A. Unstructured
B. Structured
C. Multiple options
D. numerical

57. Which actions should be taken in case of incomplete questionnaires

A. Return to the field
B. Assign missing values
C. Discard the questionnaire
D. All

58. _______of data means assigning a figure or numerical value to each responses of each
questions.
A. Editing
B. Tabulating
C. transcribing
D. Coding

59. Pre-coding means codes are assigned before fieldwork is conducted

A. True
B. False
60. What is your monthly income? How this can be coded?
1. < Rs. 5000
2. Rs. 5000 - 8999
3. Rs. 9000 – 12999
4. Rs. 13000 or above.
A. 2
B. 0,9,1,5
C. 1
D. 1,2,3,4

ANSWERS: Ch 4
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.E 10.E

11.C 12.D 13.B 14.D 15.E 16.C 17.D 18.E 19.A 20.F

21.A 22.D 23.B 24.C 25.B 26.C 27.A 28.A 29.D 30.A

31.D 32.E 33.B 34.A 35.C 36.A 37.D 38.D 39.C 40.A

41.A 42.C 43.B 44.A 45.B 46.A 47.E 48.A 49.B 50.B

51.A 52.B 53.D 54.C 55.A 56.A 57.D 58.D 59.A 60.D
 CH 5 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

1. Qualitative research
A. Is essentially the same as quantitative research.
B. Generally employs rigorous mathematical analysis.
C. Is subjective in nature.
D. Is objective in nature

2. Qualitative methods are usually used in the following research design(s):

A. Exploratory research designs
B. Quasi experimental research designs
C. Cross sectional research designs
D. Statistical research designs
E. a & b
F. a & c

3. Focus group techniques has been derived from the following branch
A. Psychology
B. Sociology
C. Anthropology
D. Behaviorist school
E. Genealogy

4. A technique in which a single respondent is questioned one-on-one by a highly skilled

interviewer to uncover underlying motivations, beliefs, attitudes, and feelings on a topic is
called-
A. Focus group
B. Qualitative interview
C. Projective interview
D. In-depth interview
E. Unstructured interview

5. Which of the following is NOT type of a personal interview

A. Low structured
B. Unstructured
C. Semi- structured
D. Structured
E. All are types of interviews
6. _______research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand
concepts, opinions, or experiences.
A. Quantitative
B. Qualitative
C. Both
D. None

7. Qualitative research is defined as a market research method that focuses on obtaining data
through open-ended and conversational communication.
A. True
B. False

8. Quantitative research is typically highly structured.

A. True
B. False

9. _______interviews are useful when you want detailed information about a person’s
thoughts and behaviors or want to explore new issues in depth.
A. Focus group
B. In-depth
C. telephonic
D. Both

ANSWERS: CH 5

1.C 2.F 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.B