By –
GEETIKA MATHUR
VERB
FINITE NON FINITE
INFINITIVES GERUND PARTICIPLE
SIMPLE INFINITIVES PRESENT PARTICIPLE
GERUNDIAL INFINITIVES PAST PARTICIPLE
BARE INFINITIVES PERFECT PARTICIPLE
FINITE VERBS NON -FINITE VERBS
PERSON PERSON
NUMBER
NUMBER
NON
FINITE FINITE
VERBS
VERBS
DON’T
DEPEND DEPEND
SUBJECT
SUBJECT
TENSE
TENSE
FINITE VERBS
A verb which is limited by the number or the person of its
subject and also on the tense of the subject.
The form of verb depends on its subject.
Example :
They play football. (Plural Subject- Plural Verb)
He plays football. (Singular Subject- Singular Verb)
You are playing football. (Present Continous tense)
She was playing football. (Past Continuous tense)
NON FINITE VERBS
Non finite verbs donot change their form even when
the person or the number of the subject changes nor
on the tense of the sentence.
Examples :
They want to eat something delicious.
She wants to eat something delicious
He wants to play football.
They want to play football.
They want to eat eggs for breakfast.
TYPES OF NON FINITE VERBS
THE INFINITIVE
GERUND
PARTICIPLE
THE INFINITIVES
IS A NON-FINITE VERB
IS GENERALLY PRECEDED BY ‘TO’
IS A VERB THAT IS USED LIKE A NOUN,ADJECTIVE, OR ADVERB.
Infinitive are of two types :
SIMPLE- When inifinitive is used as Noun, it is
called Simple Infinitive.
GERUNDIAL-When infinitive is used as adjective or
adverb , it is called Gerundial Infinitive.
Simple Infinitives
When inifinitive is used as Noun, it is called Simple Infinitive.
USE OF SIMPLE INFINITIVES :
1. As SUBJECT
To read is a good habbit
To find fault is easy.
2. As Object to verb
I like to play.
He likes to read.
3. As complement to verb
His greatest pleasure is to swim.
His intention is to sing.
Use of infinitive with ‘too’ and
‘enough’
He is too weak to move.
She is old enough to get married.
Use of infinitive with dummy
‘It’
It is our duty to respect our elders.
(To respect our elders is our duty)
It is difficult to live without pure water.
(To live without pure water is difficult)
It is illegal to detain a women in night.
(To detain a women in night is illegal)
Use of infinitive with Wh
words
I don’t know what to say.
Tell me where to go.
I wonder who to call.
Do you know how to swim.
Gerundial Infinitive
When infinitives are used adjective or adverb.
Examples :
We eat to live. (To modify a verb)
This wine is pleasant to drink. (To modify as adjective)
Bare Infinitives
To is not used after auxiliary verbs
shall, will, must,dare,could,might,need, can , may,should
Except : Ought and used
Examples :
I should write.
He should write.
I can do it.
I ought to go.
I used to play cricket in the morning.
In active voice ‘To’ is not used with hear , see, make , Feel
, watch, know
I heard her sing.
I watch her go.
She made me fool.
To is not used after ‘Let’
I let her sleep.
Let them play.
Let him come.
To is not used in negative and interrogative with ‘need’
and ‘dare’
I need not go.
Dare you act like her.
GERUND
Gerund is the ‘ing’ form of verb which is used as a Noun.
It is also called as Verbal Noun.
Examples :
Running is a good way to keep fit.
The boys were tired of running.
He seemed to be interested in fighting.
I like reading books.
As both Gerund and Infinitive have the force of a Noun and a Verb , they
has same uses. Thus either of them may be used in a sentence with not
much difference in meaning.
Teach me to swim.
Teach me swimming.
The PARTICIPLE
A Participle is that form of the verb which has
characteristics of an adjective and a verb.
Participle are of three types :
Present Past Perfect
Present Participle
Present participle : 1st form of verb + ing
Present participle ends with ing and represents an
action as going on or incomplete.
Example :
we met a girl carrying a basket of flowers.
It was a tiring journey.
The blind man, thinking all was save , tried to cross the road.
Past Participle
Part participle use third form of verb and is usually
ends in –ed, -d, -t,-en or –n.
It indicates about the completion of task in past.
Examples :
She looks tired.
The candidate selected for this post is my brother.
Driven by hunger , she stole an apple.
The house was burnt.
He gave a written complaint.
Perfect Participle
Those participle which indicates the ending of a task and after that the
starting of a new task are perfect participle.
Perfect participle - having + past participle
having been + past participle
Example: having done, having seen, having finished
Examples
Having finished my work, I went to the market.
Having passed the examination, he prepared for interview.
Having completed his project, he went for the picnic.
THANK YOU
