11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STATISTICS
and PROBABILITY
Quarter 3 - Module 4
Normal Distribution

NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Normal Distribution
Second Edition, 2021

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NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our
dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at
home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide
you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on
lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on
completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
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At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher
are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks
on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in
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answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
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Thank you.

NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
i
 I

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
The module is intended for you to identify regions under the normal
curve corresponding to different standard normal values, and convert a normal
random variable to a standard normal variable and vice versa.
After going through this module, you are expected to compute
probabilities and percentiles using the standard normal table.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Read and analyze the statements below. In your activity notebook/activity sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true and write FALSE if the statement is false.

___1. The total area under the normal curve is equal 1 or 100%.
___2. If the z-score is equal to −2.51, then the area of the region is 0.0060
___3. The area between the z-scores -2.0 and 1.56 is 0.9178
___4. If the area is 0.9332, then the z-score is 0.00
___5. Every normal distribution can be transformed to standard normal distribution.
___6. The scores on scholarship aptitude exam are normally distributed with a mean of 72
and a standard deviation of 8. If the score is 60, then the 𝑧 score is −1.5
___7. The area between 𝑥 = 45 and 𝑥 = 62 of a given normal distribution with mean
𝜇 = 50 and 𝜎 = 10 is 0.9764
___8. The value of 𝑧 in the expression 𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.0075 is 2.43
___9. The notation 𝑃(𝑍 > 1.81) = 0.0351.
___10. The z-score of 33rd percentile is −0.44

1 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 Regions Under the Normal Curve
Lesson 1

’s In

Task 1.1
Enumerate 5 properties of a normal distribution.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

’s New
In probability distribution, the frequently asked question is on finding the area or
percentage between two points.

Abraham DeMoivre (1667- 1754) introduced to us the formula to answer the

question.
1 1 𝑥−𝜇 2
𝑒 2 𝜎 )
− (
𝑦=
√2𝜋𝜎
where:
𝜋 = 3.1416
𝑒 = 2.7183;
𝜎 = standard deviation of the population
𝑥 = score in the distribution
𝜇 = population mean

However, the formula above is now rarely used because of the readily available z-
table. The z-table gives the area from −∞ to any z-score.

2 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 The z-table
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
-3.4 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002
-3.3 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003
-3.2 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005
-3.1 0.0010 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007
-3.0 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0010 0.0010
-2.9 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014
-2.8 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019
-2.7 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026
-2.6 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036
-2.5 0.0062 0.0060 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048
-2.4 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064
-2.3 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0094 0.0091 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084
-2.2 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0125 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110
-2.1 0.0179 0.0174 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0143
-2.0 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183
-1.9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233
-1.8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294
-1.7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367
-1.6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455
-1.5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.063 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
-1.4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681
-1.3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823
-1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985
-1.1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170
-1.0 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379
-0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611
-0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
-0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
-0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
-0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776
-0.4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121
-0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483
-0.2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859
-0.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247

3 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
-0.0 0.5000 0.4960 0.4920 0.4880 0.4840 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641

z 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986
3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990
3.1 0.9990 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993
3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995
3.3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997
3.4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998

4 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 What is It

Steps in finding the area under the standard normal curve.

1) Sketch the standard normal curve and shade the appropriate area under the curve.
2) Express the given z-score into a three-digit number.
3) Look in the z-table and find the first two-digit (from the left) at the leftmost column of
z-table and third digit at the topmost row.
4) Locate the intersection of the first two-digit and the third digit. The point of
convergence indicates the area of the given z-score. (Larson, et al,2012)
Example 1.1

Find the area when = 1.4 .

Solution:
i) The given says when 𝑧 = 1.4 which means from negative infinity to 1.4. Hence the
shaded region is

ii) Express 1.4 into a three-digit number. Thus, we have 1.40

iii) In the z-table, find the first two-digit, 1.4, at the leftmost column and the third
digit, 0.00, at the topmost row.

Therefore, the area when 𝑧 = 1.4 is 0.9192.

or

𝑷(𝒁 < 𝟏. 𝟒) = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏𝟗𝟐

5 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 Example 1.2

Find the area between 𝑧 = −0.85 and 𝑧 = 1.18.

Solution:
i) The given says the area between 𝑧 = −0.85 and 𝑧 = 1.18, thus the
shaded region must be

ii) As observed, the two z-scores, -0.85 and 1.18, are already expressed
as three-digit number.
iii) For -0.85, find the first two-digit, -0.8, at the leftmost column of the z-table and
the third digit, 0.05, at the topmost row. Then find the intersection of the two
points, 0.1977.

z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
-0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.166 0.1635 0.1611
-0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
-0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
-0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
-0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776

iv) Moreover, for 1.18 we will perform the same process, that is, find the first two-
digit, 1.1, at the leftmost column of the z-table and the third digit, 0.08, at the topmost
row. Then find the intersection of the two points, 0.8810.

z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319

6 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
v) Since we are looking for the area between the two z-scores, we need to subtract the
area that corresponds 𝑧 = −0.85 (with smaller area) from the area that corresponds
𝑧 = 1.18 (with bigger area). Thus, we have,
0.8810 − 0.1977 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟑𝟑
Therefore, the area between
𝑧 = −0.85 and 𝑧 = 1.18 is 0.6833.
or
𝑷(−𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 < 𝒁 < 𝟏. 𝟏𝟖) = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟑𝟑

https://tinyurl.com/2p8sn5ht

Find the area to the right of 𝑧 = 1.8

Example 1.3
Solution:

i) The problem says to the right of 𝑧 = 1.8 which means greater than = 1.8 .
Hence, the shaded region is

ii) Express the given, 1.8, into a three-digit number, 1.80.

iii) In the z-table, find the first two-digit, 1.8, at the leftmost column and the third digit,
0.00, at the topmost row. Then find the intersection of the two points, 0.9641.
https://www2.math.upenn.edu/~chhays/zscoretable.pdf

z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767

7 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
iv) Always remember that the area of the entire normal curve is 1 or 100%,
and the area in z-table is from −∞ to any z-score. Since the given says
area to the right of 𝑧 = 1.8, subtract the area that corresponds 𝑧 = 1.8
from 1. Thus,
1 − 0.9641 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟗

Therefore, the area to the right

of 𝑧 = 1.8 is 0.0359

or
𝑷(𝒁 > 𝟏. 𝟖) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟗

Example 1.4

Find the z-score when 𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.7389

Solution:

i) Sketch the standard normal curve and the shaded region that satisfies the
given

ii) As a review, the area reflected in the z-table starts from −∞ to any z-score. As shown
in the figure above, the shaded region starts from −∞ to a certain z-score. In this case,
we can directly use the z-table in finding the z-value. That is, by finding the given area
0.7389 in the z-table. Once found, identify the z-score to its leftmost column and to its
topmost row. Thus the z-value is 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒
z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389

8 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
Therefore, the z-score when
𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.7389 is 0.64
or
𝑃(𝑍 < 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒) = 0.7389

Example 1.5

Find the z-score that will satisfy the given

𝑃(−2.13 < 𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.2711

Solution:
i) Draw the standard normal curve and show an estimated shaded region that
satisfies the expression
𝑃(−2.13 < 𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.2711

ii) In the given, it says that the area of the shaded region is 0.2711 and the z-
score at the left is -2.13. To get the z-score at the right, first get the area of
the region from -∞ to -2.13, then add it to the area of the shaded region. The
sum you will get will be used in identifying the other z-score. That is,
𝑃(𝑍 < −2.13) + 0.2711
=0.0166 + 0.2711
=0.2877

𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.2877

𝑧 = −0.56

Therefore, the z-score that will satisfy the

𝑃(−2.13 < 𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.27
is 𝑧 = −0.56
or z = -2.13 z = -0.56
𝑃(−2.13 < 𝑍 < −𝟎. 𝟓𝟔) = 0.2

9 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 Example 1.6

Find the z-score of the notation 𝑃(𝑍 > 𝑧) = 0.8106.

Solution:

i) Draw the standard normal curve and the region based on the given.

ii) Again, remember that in the z-table the area is from −∞ to any z-score.
As you can observe, the above figure shows that the shaded region starts
from a certain z-score to +∞. Hence, directly using the z-table is not
appropriate. Instead, subtract the given area from 1. That is,

1 − 0.8106 = 0.1894

iii) This time use the z-table to find the exact z-score, and that is, -0.88.

z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
-0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.166 0.1635 0.1611
-0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
-0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
-0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
-0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776

Therefore, the z-score in

the notation 𝑃(𝑍 > 𝑧) = 0.8106
is 𝑧 = −0.88
or
𝑃(𝑍 > −𝟎. 𝟖𝟖) = 0.8106

10 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 ’s More

Task 1.2
A. Match the figure to its corresponding notation or phrase. Write only the letter of your
answer on your activity notebook/activity sheet.

A B

1. 𝑃(𝑍 > 1.5) 2. 𝑃(−1.29 < 𝑍 < 0.17)

3. 𝑃(𝑍 < −2.05) 4. to the right of 𝑧 = 0.89
5. to the left of 𝑧 = 0.01 6. between 𝑧 = 1.25 and 𝑧 = 2.73

B. Find the probability (area) of:

7. 𝑃(𝑍 > 1.5) 8. between 𝑧 = 1.25 and 𝑧 = 2.73

C. Give the z-score when:

9. 𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.0202 10. 𝑃(−1.29 < 𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.4690

11 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 Lesson Conversion of Normal Random Variable into
a Standard Normal Curve
2

’s In

Task 2
Match the probability notation in column A to its area in column B. Write only the letter of
your choice in your notebook.

Column A Column B
1. 𝑃(𝑍 < 0) A. 0.6826
2. 𝑃(𝑍 > 0) B. 0.0228
3. 𝑃(−1 < 𝑍 < 1) C. 0.5000
4. 𝑃(𝑍 < 2) D. 0.9772
5. 𝑃(𝑍 > 2)

’s New

In Lesson 1, you learned how to find the area or probability of any two points and
even find the unknown z-score given the area or the probability in the standard normal curve.
So, what is meant by the standard normal distribution? There are infinitely many normal
distributions, each with its own mean and standard deviation. The normal distribution with a
mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 is called the standard normal distribution: the
focused in Lesson 1.

However, in gathering data, raw scores may compose of large values. In which the
standard normal curve cannot accommodate. Consequently, the raw scores must be
transformed into z-scores to get meaningful decisions relative to the concepts of finding the
equivalent probability of the given measure of value from the mean.

12 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 This gives the way to understand that for every raw score X, there corresponds an
exactly one z-score value, and vice versa. Therefore, if we wish to find the percentage
associated with X, we must look at its equivalent z-score using the z formula.

𝑥−𝜇
𝑧 = 𝜎
where:
𝑧 = the standard normal value
𝑥 = the value from the given normal distribution
𝜇 = the mean of the given normal distribution
𝜎 = the standard deviation of the given normal distribution

13 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 is It

Steps in transforming a normal distribution into the standard normal distribution.

𝑥−𝜇
1) Use the formula: 𝑧 = 𝜎
2) Substitute the given values 𝑥, 𝜇, and 𝜎 into the formula.
3) Simplify the expression.

Example 2.1

Let X be normally distributed random variable with mean 𝜇 = 85 and 𝜎 = 4. If 𝑥 = 73,

find its standard value.

Solution:
𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
73−85
= 4
𝒛 = −𝟑
Therefore, the standard value of 𝑥 = 73 is 𝑧 = −3.

Example 2.2

Scores on scholarship aptitude exam are normally distributed with a mean of 72 and a
standard deviation of 8.
a. What is the probability that a randomly selected applicant will score above 60?
b. What is the probability that a randomly selected applicants will score between 68
and 84?
Solution for (a)
i) Sketch the normal curve reflecting the region described in (a).

ii) As we can see, the given is not the standard normal distribution. Thus, we need to
transform the value from the given normal distribution, 60, into the standard normal
distribution.
𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
60−72
= 8

14 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 𝒛 = −𝟏. 𝟓
Thus, the standard value of 𝑥 = 60 is 𝑧 = −1.5.
iii) Based on the figure above, and the transformed value, it can be expressed as (take not
of the keyword ‘above’ so we will use greater than >)

𝑃(𝑋 > 60) = 𝑃(𝑍 > −1.5)

= 1 − 0.0668
𝑃(𝑿 > 𝟔𝟎) = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟑𝟐

Therefore, the probability that a 93.32%

randomly selected applicant will
score above 60 is 0.9332 or 93.32%.

Solution for (b)

i) Sketch the normal curve reflecting the region described in (b).

ii) As observed, the given is not the standard normal distribution. Thus, we need to
transform the value from the given normal distribution, 68 and 84, into the standard normal
distribution.
when 𝑥 = 68 when 𝑥 = 84
𝑥−𝜇 𝑥−𝜇
𝑧= 𝑧=
𝜎 𝜎
68−72 84−72
= 8 = 8
𝒛 = −𝟎. 𝟓 𝒛 = 𝟏. 𝟓
Thus, the standard values when 𝑥 = 68 and 𝑥 = 84 are 𝑧 = −0.5 and
𝑧 = 1.5 respectively.
iii) As shown in the figure above, and the transformed value, it can be expressed as
𝑃(68 < 𝑋 < 84) = 𝑃(−0.5 < 𝑍 < 1.5)
= 0.9332 − 0.3085
𝑷(𝟔𝟖 < 𝑿 < 𝟖𝟒) = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟒𝟕

Therefore, the probability that a

randomly selected applicants
will score between 68 and 84
is 0.6247 or 62.47
62.47%

15 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 Example 2.3

Assume 𝑋 is normally distributed with a mean of 15 and a standard deviation of 3.

Determine the value for 𝑥 that solves each of the following:
a) P (X < x) = 0.2810
b) P(x < X < 21) = 0.8185
c) P(X > x) = 0.9222

Solution for (a)

I)In the given we only have the 𝜇 and the 𝜎, we lack the z-score. Thus, the first thing to
find is the z-score. Hence,
P (X < x) = 0.2810
P (X < x) = P(Z < z) = 0.2810
P (Z < z) = 0.2810
𝒛 = −𝟎. 𝟓𝟖

ii) Now we have the z-score, compute for 𝑥 by using the transformed z-formula. We have,
𝑥 = 𝜇 + 𝑧𝜎
= 15 + (−0.58)(5)
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟗
Therefore, with 𝜇 = 15 and 𝜎 = 5, the 𝑥 value that solves
P (X < x) = 0.2810 is 17.9 or P (X < 𝟏𝟕. 𝟗) = 0.2810

Solution for (b)

i)In this problem, there are two 𝑥-values, one is given while the other one is unknown. In
this case, let us first transform the given 𝑥-value into 𝑧-score. We have,
when x= 21
𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
21−15
= 3
𝒛 = 𝟐

ii) At this time, let us find the z-score of the unknown 𝑥-value. Thus,
P(x < X < 21) = 0.8185
P(x < X < 21) = P (z < Z < 2) = 0.8185
P(z < Z < 2) = P(Z < 2) − P(Z < z) = 0.8185
𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.9772 − 0.8185
𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.1587
𝒛 = −𝟏. 𝟎𝟎

16 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
iii) Let us now compute for the unknown 𝑥-value
𝑥 = 𝜇 + 𝑧𝜎
= 15 + (−1.00)(5)
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎
Therefore, with 𝜇 = 15 and 𝜎 = 5, the 𝑥-value that solves
P(x < X < 21) = 0.8185 is 10 or P(𝟏𝟎 < X < 21) = 0.8185

Solution for (c)

i)First, let us identify the z-score that solves P(X > x) = 0.9222.
P(X > x) = 0.9222
P(X > x) = P(Z > z) = 0.9222
P(Z > z) = 0.9222
P(Z > z) = 1 − P(Z < z) = 0.9222
P(Z < z) = 1 − 0.9222
P(Z < z) = 0.0778
𝒛 = −𝟏. 𝟒𝟐
ii)With 𝜇 = 15 , 𝜎 = 5 , and 𝑧 = −1.42, we can now solve for x-value. Thus,
𝑥 = 𝜇 + 𝑧𝜎
= 15 + (−1.42)(5)
𝒙 = 𝟕. 𝟗

Therefore, with 𝜇 = 15 and 𝜎 = 5, the value of 𝑥 that solves

P(X > x) = 0.9222 is 7.9 or P(X > 𝟕. 𝟗) = 0.9222

17 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 ’s More

A. Assume the random variable X is normally distributed with mean 𝜇 = 86 and standard
deviation 𝜎 = 5. Find the probability and write your solution in your notebook.
1. 𝑃(𝑋 > 92)
2. 𝑃(70 < 𝑋 < 80)
B. Assume a member is selected at random from the population represented by the graph.
Find the probability that the member selected at random is from the shaded area of the
graph. Assume the variable X is normally distributed.

3. Critical Reading Scores

𝜇 = 503
𝜎 = 113

200 450

4. Braking Distance on a Dry Surface

137
𝜇 = 1.37
𝜎 = 4.76

141 148

C. 5. Suppose that the distribution of weights of Filipino females, 20-30 years old, is
normal and has a mean weight of 65 kg with a standard deviation of 10 kg.
a) What is the probability that a randomly selected Filipino female 20 to 30 years
old weighs less 50 kg?
b) What is the probability that she weighs more than 80 kg?
c) What is the probability that randomly selected individual from the population,
has weight outside the range 55 to 70 kg?
6. Scores for civil service exam are normally distributed, with mean of 75 and a standard
deviation of 6.5. to be eligible for civil service employment, you must score in the top 5%.
What is the lowest score you can earn and still be eligible for employment?

18 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 Lesson
Solving Percentile with Normal Distribution
3

’s In

Task 3
Rewrite each of the following expressions in a card of size 2” x 1”. Using the z-table, make
5 pairs of cards and creatively glue these in a long bond paper.

Rubrics for the output:

Perfect matched = 10 points
Neatness = 3 points
Timeliness = 3 points
Creativity (Presentation) = 4 points
Total = 20 points

19 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 ’s New

A percentile is a measure used in statistics indicating the value below which a

given percentage of observations in a group of observations fall. It is a measure of relative
standing as it measures the relationship of a measurement of the rest of the data.

For instance, your Statistics grade for the quarter is 89 and is at the 90th percentile.
It means 90% of your classmates were graded lower than 89 and putting you in the top
10%. The alternative to percentiles would be the raw score, say "14 out of 20." But that
would not tell you much without knowing what other people scored. Is 14/20 a good score,
a bad score, or an average? We do not know unless we compare it with scores other people
achieved. Thus, this is what a percentile score does for us.

is It

Steps in Finding the z-score given the percentile:

1) Rewrite the percentile as probability.
2) Locate the newly found figure (area) in the z-table.
3) Identify the z-score.
4) Illustrate the normal curve reflecting the region being described.

Example 3.1

Find the 95th percentile of the normal curve.

Solution:
i) By definition, 𝑃95 means locating an area before or below the point. We want to
know what the z-value is at this point. Thus, let us rewrite the 95th percentile into
probability, that is, 0.9500.
ii) Refer to the z-table and look for 0.9500. Once found, identify the z-value by
considering the leftmost column and the topmost row. Unfortunately, there is no
0.9500 in the table. It is between

0.9495 and 0.9505 with corresponding z-scores of 1.64 and 1.65. Since 0.9500 is
halfway between 0.9495 and 0.9505, we will take the average of their z-scores.
Thus,
1.64 + 1.65
𝑧= = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟒𝟓
2

20 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 z 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767

Therefore, 95% of the distribution lies below

𝑧 = 1.645.
95%

z = 1.645

Example 3.2

Find the 67th percentile of the normal curve.

Solution:
i) 𝑃67 means locating an area below the point. We want to know what the z-value is at
this point. Thus, let us rewrite the 67th percentile into probability, that is, 0.6700.
ii) Use the z-table and look for 0.6700. Once located, identify the z-score from the
leftmost column and the topmost row. Thus, it is 0.44.

z 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879

21 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 Therefore, 67% of the distribution lies below
67% 𝑧 = 0.44.

z = 0.44

Example 3.3

The height of 12-month-old boys is normally distributed with μ=76.4, σ=2.9 cm. What is
the 10th percentile for height?
Solution:

i) Find the z-score for 10th percentile. Again, there is no 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 in the z-table.
Instead, it lies one-fifth of the way from 0.1003 to 0.0985. that corresponds to
−𝟏. 𝟐𝟖 and −𝟏. 𝟐𝟗. Thus, to find the one-fifth of the way,
1
𝑧 = −1.28 + (−1.29 − (−1.28))
5
𝒛 = −𝟏. 𝟐𝟖𝟐
ii) At this time, let us find the 10th percentile for height by using the z-score found
and the z-formula. We have,
𝑥 = 𝜇 + 𝑧𝜎
= 76.4 + (−1.282)(2.9)
𝒙 = 𝟕𝟐. 𝟔𝟖

Therefore, 10% of the 12-month-old boys

are shorter than 72.68 cm. Moreover, 90%
of them are taller than 72.68cm.

10%

72.68cm

22 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 ’s More
Task 3.2
A. Solve each of the percentile below and sketch its graph. Write your answer in your
notebook.
1. 5th percentile
2. 40th percentile
3. 𝑃60
4. 𝑃39

I Have
Learned
Task 4
Generalization

Write your learning of the lesson in your notebook by completing the unfinished statement
below.
1. I have realized that provided with the z-table ______________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

2. To find the area of the shaded region of the standard normal

distribution___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.

3. After reading and doing the different activities in this lesson, I can now deduce the
difference between “a normal distribution” and “the standard normal distribution”.
That is ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.
4. If the given is a normal distribution and to have a meaningful analysis of the data, we
need to __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________.
5. Percentile is used in stating results especially for standardized test like National
Achievement Test (NAT) because _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

23 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 I Can Do

Task 5
In your activity notebook/activity sheet, answer the following tasks.
A. Solve for the area of the following probability notations. Then, sketch the normal
curve shading the required region of each given notation.
1. 𝑃(𝑍 < −1.1)
2. 𝑃(𝑍 > −1.1)
3. 𝑃(0.01 < 𝑍 < 3.19)
B. Using Normal Distributions. Answer the questions about the specified normal
distribution in your notebook.
Heights of Women. In a survey of women in the Philippines (ages 20-29), the mean
height was 64.1 inches with a standard deviation of 2.71 inches.
a) What height represents the 95th percentile?
b) What height represents the first quartile?
C. Draw a normal curve with a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 12. Describe how
you constructed the curve and discuss its features.

Rubric for Performance Task 1.This performance task is worth 40 points.

Unsatisfactory Needs Satisfactory Exemplary
(0 point) Improvement (7 points) (10 points)
(5points)
Completeness of 0-25% solution 26-50% solution 51-75% 76-100%
solution complete complete solution solution
complete complete
Answer accuracy 0-25% answer 26-50% answer 51-75% 76-100%
accuracy accuracy answer answer
accuracy accuracy
On the graph/ 0-25% Correct 26-50% Correct 51-75% Correct 76-100%
normal curve direction of shading direction of shading direction of Correct
and region are shown and region are shading and direction of
shown region are shown shading and
region are
shown
(Note to teacher: The final say as to the number of credit points in each column still
depends on you).

24 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
Task 6
Read and analyze each statement carefully. In your notebook write only the letter of your
choice.
1. What is the area under the normal curve?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
2. Which of the following is the curve symmetrical to?
A. Mean B. Variance C. Standard Deviation D. Area
3. What is the area when the z-score is 0.00?
A. 0.00 B. 0.50 C. 0.10 D. 100
4. Find the area when the z-score is above 1.92?
A. 0.0274 B. 0.9726 C. 0.5129 D. 0.0329
5. Which of the following z-score makes the notation a TRUE statement.
𝑃(𝑧 < 𝑍 < 3) = 0.1574
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
6. Given that 𝑋 is normally distributed with 𝜇 = 85 and 𝜎 = 6. Find the z-score when
𝑥 = 97.
A. 𝑧 = 1 B. 𝑧 = 2 C. 𝑧 = 3 D. 𝑧 = 4
7. What is the probability of 𝑃(𝑋 < 208) when 𝜇 = 178 and 𝜎 = 15?
A. 2.00 B. 0.0228 C. 0.5000 D. 0.9772
8. Assuming that the heights of college male students are normally distributed with a
mean of 69 inches and standard deviation of 3 inches. If a student is chosen at
random, what is the probability that his height is less than 65 inches?
A. 0.0918 B. 0.3707 C. 0.9082 D. 0.9991
9. The weights of the contents of a cereal box are normally distributed with a mean
weight of 20 ounces and a standard deviation of 0.07 ounce. Boxes in the lower
6.3% do not meet the minimum weight requirements and must be repackaged. What
is the minimum weight requirement for a cereal box?
A. 20 oz B. 19.99 oz C. 19.89 oz D. 19.79 oz
10. In a large section of a statistics class, the points for the final exam are normally
distributed with a mean of 72 and a standard deviation of 9. A student will receive
an A grade if he/she is in the top 10%. What will be the possible lowest score on
the final exam that would qualify a student for an A?
A. 72 B. 84 C. 60 D. 54
11. What is the value of the 82nd percentile?
A. 𝑧 = 0.92 B. 𝑧 = 0.715 C. 𝑧 = 0.515 D. 𝑧 = 0.315
12. Solving for 𝑃48 , its z-score lies between what two z-scores?
A. 𝑧 = −0.48 and 𝑧 = −0.49 B. 𝑧 = −0.47 and 𝑧 = −0.48
𝐶. 𝑧 = −0.04 and 𝑧 = −0.05 D. 𝑧 = −0.05 and 𝑧 = −0.06
13. When the probability you are looking at is not in the z-table, how will you find its
z-score?
A. Randomly choose any probability from the z-table.
B. Look for another z-table, maybe it is in that new z-table.
C. Choose the closest probability.
D. Do not answer the problem.

25 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
 14. Which of the following statistics always corresponds to the 75th percentile in a
distribution?
A. 3rd decile B. 3rd quartile C. 7th decile D. 7th quartile

15. In a survey of men in the Philippines (ages 20-29), the mean height was 69.6 inches
with a standard deviation of 3.0 inches. What height represents the first quartile?
A. 68.57 inches B. 67.59 inches C. 66.59 inches D. 65.57 inches

A. Graphical Analysis. Find the area of the indicated region under the standard normal
curve.

B. Writing a Guarantee. You sell a brand of automobile tire that has a life expectancy
that is normally distributed, with a mean life of 300,000 miles and a standard deviation
of 2500 miles. You want to give a guarantee for free replacement of tires that don’t
wear well. How should you word your guarantee if you are willing to replace
approximately 10% of the tires you sell? Write your answer in your notebook.
C. Getting at the Concept: If a z-score is zero, which of the following must be true?
Write your reasoning in your notebook.
a) The mean is zero.
b) The corresponding x-value is zero.
c) The corresponding x-value is equal to the mean.

26 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2 27
What I Need to Know Task 2.2 A
Pretest
1. T
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. F
8. F
9. T 0.1144
10. T
What’s In
Task 1.1
1.Bell-shaped
2.mean=median=mode Task 2.2B
3.symmetrical about the mean 3. 0.3155
4.area=1 or 100%
4. 0.1901
5. asymptotic to the x-axis
Task 2.2C
Task 2.1
1. C 5. a) 0.0668 ; b) 0.0668 ; c) 0.5328
2. C
6. 86
3. A
4. D
5. B Task 3.2
Task 3.1
1. 𝑧 = −1.01 ; 0.1562
2. 𝑧 = 0.19 ; 0.5753
3. 𝑧 = −2.73 ; 0.0032
4. 𝑧 = 2.00 ; 0.9772
5. 𝑧 = 3.05 ; 0.9989
What’s More
Task 1.2
A.1.C 2. E 3. A
4. D 5. F 6. B
B. 7. 0.0668
8. 0.1024
C. 9. -2.05
10. 0.17
NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2 28
What I Have Leaned
Answers may vary
What I Can Do
Task 5 A
Task 5 B
1. a) 68.56 inches
b)62.28 inches
Task 5 C
In your notebook, draw a normal curve with a mean of 60
and a standard deviation of 12. Describe how you constructed the
curve and discuss its features.
Assessment
1.B 6.B 11.A
2.A 7.D 12.D
3.B 8.A 13.C
4.A 9.C 14.B
5.B 10.B 15.B
Additional Activities
Lesson 1.
1. 0.3849
2. 0.0228
Lesson 2
Tires that wear out by 26,800miles (Tech: 26,796 miles) will be
replaced free of charge.
Lesson 3
 References
Books
Mamhot, M.R., et al, Statistics for General Education (A Keypad Approach), Purelybooks
Trading &Publishing Corp., (2013)
Larson, Ron and Faber, Betsy. "Chapter 5. Normal Probability Distributions." In Elementary
Statistics ,5th edition. Pearson Education, Inc. , 2012.
Websites
aanda.org.https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2017/04/aa29344-16/aa29344-16-
fig27.pdf
chegg.com. n.d. https://tinyurl.com/2p8sn5ht (accessed January 10, 2022).
www2.math.upenn.edu. n.d. https://www2.math.upenn.edu/~chhays/zscoretable.pdf.
La Morte, Wayne W. chegg.com. April 21, 2021. https://tinyurl.com/5frzmm67 (accessed
January 10, 2022).

29 NegOr_Q3_Stat_and_Prob11_Module4_v2
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