COMPLIANCE MATRIX

Date of Evaluation:
Evaluated by: ENGR. THELMA T. OBILLO
Research Type: Program Project Study
Research Title: PORTABLE RICE PLANTER
College/Institute/Division: College of Engineering
Date of Submission of Compliance Matrix: , 2021
COMMENT SECTION ACTION TAKEN BY RESEARCHERS REFEREN
CE
PART: INTRODUCTION – Situation Analysis
N/A N/A N/A

PART: INTRODUCTION – Statement of Objectives

• Revision of all the objectives • The objectives changed and
revised.
PART: INTRODUCTION – Time and Place of the
Study
• Determine the acceptability of the machine. • Cited a literature if there is a difference information
between existing one and the Portable Rice Planter.
PART: INTRODUCTION – Definition of Terms
• Definition of terms should be derived from the • Unnecessary term was removed, only terms from the
title and objective only title has defined.
PART: METHODOLOGY – Research Design

• The content was changed

• Use developmental research design. from using developmental
research into RAD
PART: METHODOLOGY- Research Paradigm

• Determine the acceptability of the machine. • Cited an

literature if there is
a difference and
equal information
between existing
one and the
Portable Rice
Planter.
PART: METHODOLOGY – Materials

FOR MATERIALS
• Use of the table format. • Fix the table
format by using
double lines on
the top and
bottom and single
lines inside.
PART: METHODOLOGY-- Procedures

FOR PROCEDURES
 Base on the research objectives.  Following
the research
objective form the
design to the cost
benefit analysis.
PART: METHODOLOGY-- Data Gathering

• Make a narrative report how the data • Gathered data by

gathering. testing the
machine.
 PART: METHODOLOGY – Data Analysis

• State and analyze the data. • Analyzed

gathered data.
PART: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION – Design
and description
N/A N/A N/A

PART: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION – Product

Calculation
• Change the computation. • Calculations
computed from
the data.
PART: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION –
Construction Procedure
N/A N/A N/A

PART: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION –

Testing’s and Revisions
• Revise the data • Changed the data
PART: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMEDATIONS
• Revise the conclusions and • Revised the
recommendations. conclusions and
recommendations
.
LITERATURE CITED

 Identify the used format. • Literature

cited was
modified using
APA format,
 adopted from
the Microsoft
Word Citation
and
Bibliography
feature.

Prepared by: Noted by:

SALTING, SYEMOUN PETER S.
BACANI JR., RIZALDO G. ENGR. MELCHOR A. MEANA, PME
DUCUSIN, EVANGELINE N. Research Adviser
MONTEMAYOR, CARL JORYLL A.
SANTIAGO, KEVIN M.
VALDEZ, CLARK KEVIN P.
 PORTABLE RICE PLANTER

SALTING, SYEMOUN PETER S.

BACANI JR., RIZALDO G.
DUCUSIN, EVANGELINE N.
MONTEMAYOR, CARL JORYLL A.
SANTIAGO, KEVIN M.
VALDEZ, CLARK KEVIN P.

DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

MID-LA UNION CAMPUS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, LA UNION

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2020-2021
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis, Portable Rice Planter, prepared and submitted by Syemoun Peter S.

Salting, Rizaldo G. Bacani Jr, Evangeline N. Ducusin, Carl Joryll A. Montemayor,

Santiago, Kevin M. Santiago, Clark Kevin P. Valdez, in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering was

examined and passed on July 2021 by the Thesis Committee composed of:

MELCHOR A. MEANA, PME HECTOR K. PINTOR, MATE-TVSM

Adviser Member

SHERWIN L. MOSOMOS, MME THELMA T. OBILLO, PME

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree,

Bachelor of Science of Mechanical Engineering.

ROY N. LAQUIDAN, MEng’g - ME

Chairperson, BSME

Date Signed

DR. LORENZO L. BACANI

Dean, College of Engineering

Date Signed

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

“Consider it pure joy, my brothers and sisters, whenever you face trials of many kinds,

because you know that the testing of your faith produces perseverance. Let perseverance

finish its work so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything”.

- James 1:2-4

To Almighty God, thank you for giving them the strength, knowledge and

wisdom in doing and finishing this study. For the patience that God has given to the

researchers just to survive every problem encountered during the duration of this study.

To our adviser, Melchor A. Meana, for his guidance in carrying out this research.

Thank you for providing special support to us. Thank you for guiding us, for inspiring us,

for making us what we are today.

To our panelists, Engr. Thelma T. Obillo., Engr. Sherwin L. Mosomos, and Engr.

Hector K. Pintor, for all the constructive criticisms, for giving advice of what to do and

what to improve in our study.

To our families and friends, for the financial support, without you the researchers

would not be able to buy the things needed most especially in the project and also to

mention, all the moral support, for everything in order to finish the study. Thank you!

SPSS
RGBJ
END
CJAM
KMS
CKPV

iii
 DEDICATION

This piece of work is dedicated to our Almighty God for His unconditional love, mercy,

guidance, and grace.

To our parents for their undying moral and financial support.

To our instructors, for their unending effort and creative criticisms.

To our friends and classmates, for supporting and giving pieces of advice and motivations

to finish this research.

We Love You!

To GOD be the Glory!

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………. i

APPROVAL SHEET.........................................................................................................ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………….………………………….…….......iii

DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………….......iv

LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………vii

LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………. viii

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………...ix

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION

Situational Analysis………………………………………………………1

Statement of Objectives………………………………………...………...7

Time and Place of the Study……………………………………………...7

Definition of Terms……………………………………………………….7

2 METHODOLOGY

Research Design…………………………………………………………...9

Materials and Procedures……………………………………….…….….10

Data Gathering………………….……………………………...…...……12

Data Analysis……………………………………………………….........12

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Design and Description………………………………………………….13

v
 Construction Procedure………………………………………………….19

Testing and Revisions…………………………………………………...22

4 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary………………………………………………………....……...26

Conclusions………………………………………………………...........27

Recommendations……………………………………………………….28

LITERATURE CITED…………………………………………………………………..29

APPENDICES

A Calculations………………………….….……………………………………32

B Documentation of the machine

during the Testing and Evaluation…………………………………………...36

C Project Work plan………………………………………………………...….39

CURRICULUM VITAE…………………………………………………………............42

vi
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Page

Cc 1 Materials and Cost…………………………………………………………10

2 List of Problems Encountered and Revision………………………………23

3 Data Gathered……………………………………………………………..24

4 Summary of Data Gathered ………………………………………………25

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Page

1 Process Flow Diagram…………………………………..…………………….11

2 Top View……………………………………………………………….……..15

3 Side View……………….…………………………………………….……….16

4 Isometric View……………….…………………………………………….…..17

5 Exploded View………...…….…….…………………………….…….……….21

viii
 LIST OF PLATES

Plate No. Page

1 Fabrication and Revisions……………………………………………….36

2 Pre- Testing………………………………………………………………37

3 Final Testing……………………………………………………………..38

ix
 ABSTRACT

SALTING, SYEMOUN PETER S., BACANI JR., RIZALDO P., DUCUSIN,

EVANGELINE N., MONTEMAYOR, CARL JORYLL A., SANTIAGO, KEVIN

M., VALDEZ, CLARK KEVIN P., (2021). Portable Rice Planter. Bachelor of

Science in Mechanical Engineering, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University,

Mid La Union Campus, College of Engineering, City of San Fernando, La Union.

Adviser: Melchor A. Meana, PME

This project study deals with the development and evaluation of a machine used to

plant rice plant effectively to be used for agricultural purposes. The researchers used

project development design and principles of mechanical engineering to come up with

the machine’s design. The machine underwent ten trials to test its performance as a

whole. Results shown that the machine has a working capacity of 0.18m/s and has an

efficiency of 39.5%. The trial took place in Brgy. Bungro, Purok 3, San Fernando City,

La Union, on 29th day of July 2021. The primary beneficiaries of this study are the

farmers from our local barangays. The portable rice planter can lessen the workload of

an individual farmer and lessen the need of labor.

Keywords: agricultural, beneficiaries, rice plant, portable rice planter, workload

x
 1

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Situation Analysis

Agricultural jobs are physically strenuous. Farmers and farm workers are at

particular risk of developing symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders compared with

others. Farm workers, especially rice farmer, expose to several of physical disorders

activities, hazard, such as excessive bending, twisting, kneeling, and carrying loads.

These are activating factors associated with symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders. The

most common process that affecting the rice farmers were planting and transplanting

process. They were planting and transplanting by themselves. (Wattasit Siriwong, 2014)

Rice remains the top agricultural commodity in the Philippines accounting for

93% of household consumption in 2015/2016 (PSA, 2017). The Philippines ranked 5th

among the largest rice consumers worldwide with 13.7 million metric tons of milled rice

in 2018/2019 (Statists, 2019). The importance of rice in the country is evident and

knowing where and when it is grown is essential for planning and decision-making in

relation to food security, as well as in research wherein crop area and calendar are

important inputs in crop production simulations, assessment of biotic and abiotic stresses,

and analysis of the effect of climate change on crop production, among others. Rice is

one of the major agricultural crops in the Philippines. The agricultural sector contributes

14% of the country’s gross domestic product and 13 million workers (32 per cent)

comprise the labor force. Farmers can avoid the labor-intensive and costly manual rice
 2

transplanting in puddled soils by shifting to an engine-driven mechanical planter but the

cost in gasoline will take a toll on farmers.

The traditional manual transplanting of rice in puddled soils requires 10 to 20

man-days per hectare. During peak planting period, labor is scarce. This results in a

demand for a high wage rate, which makes farm production costly. The Philippine

Council for Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resources Research and Development

(PCARRD) monitors the project. PhilRice researchers studied commercially available

planters and those developed by various agencies. These machines were considered for

adaptation and improvement. The researchers came up with three prototypes, which were

tested at their experimental field. Project results indicate that it is efficient to plant rice

using the engine-driven rice planter. The final prototype performed well in the field. The

machine was able to transplant a hectare of rice field in nine hours at 2 kilometers per

hour. Computation based on 2004 prices shows that with an estimated retail price of

P60,000, the engine-driven rice planter was four times costlier than the manual planter

(P15,000), but one-third less expensive than a similar walking type imported secondhand

planter (P90,000) and about four times less costly than the riding type, imported second

hand six-row planter (P250,000). (Ofelia F. Domingo, S&T Media Service)

Rice planting in Japan was backbreaking manual labor, done by workers bent

over in muddy rice paddies. Rice was grown on many small intensive farms, and it had to

be transplanted rather than direct sown to maximize yield and quality. The workers, many

of whom were women, developed crooked fingers and hunched backs from spending

days planting rice seedlings and weeding by hand. The invention of the rice planter
 3

relieved them from much of this agonizing work. Today, 98% of Japanese rice fields are

planted with mechanized planters. Much of the innovation and troubleshooting was done

by farmers and independent inventors. Although some might assume that large

manufacturers or public research institutes developed rice planters, much of the

innovation and troubleshooting was done by farmers and independent inventors.

Their own experience of the hard labor of rice planting inspired them. Because

they did not receive any outside funding, many of these inventors had to abandon their

projects when they ran out of money. The first rice planter patent was granted to a farmer,

Heigoro Kono, who was originally from a samurai family in the village of Kitago,

Miyazaki. At that time, many other new machines such as motorized rice millers and

green tea rollers were being developed and introduced. Kono’s four-row rice planter,

which was pulled like a rickshaw and had gears to move the planting hooks. New patents

were filed for rice planters, the majority of which were submitted by farmers and farm

machine merchants. Most of them imitated the hand movements of transplanting bare

root rice seedlings. The invention of the rice planter may well have been the most

important Japanese innovation of the 20th century. We should not forget that it exists

because of the wisdom and persistence of farmers. (extension.oregonstate.edu)

Rice planter of rice seedlings is a technological innovation of planting machines

to move seedlings on rice plants. This tool has the advantage of being able to accelerate

the planting time of rice seedlings and overcome the scarcity of labor planting rice

seedlings in certain areas. In rice cultivation, one of the activities that absorbs labor is the

planting of rice seedlings. Budiman explains that the activity requires a workforce of
 4

around 25-30% of the total workforce needs of rice cultivation. Currently farmers in the

implementation of rice farming still plant rice seedlings manually with human labor.

Problems regarding the scarcity of rice planting labor began to occur in several rice

production centers, although the entire area of rice fields could be planted but not on

time. This was due to the limited number of planting workers. Such a situation is

certainly very alarming for the government in increasing food security. The scarcity of

labor conditions, especially in rice cultivation activities, often causes the planting

schedule to retreat and not simultaneously, thus affecting the rice cropping index, pest

disturbance which ultimately affects rice production.

Therefore, since the last few years, rice planter machines have been introduced

and developed. Agricultural activities are mostly found in rural areas and many land

conditions are divided into small plots, making it difficult to implement mechanized

machinery, especially planting machines of the field rice seedlings, this causes farmers to

be reluctant to use these machines in addition to expensive prices. The aim of this

research is to develop a simple rice seedling device with a crank system for two lines, the

manufacturing costs are cheap and affordable, ergonomic, lighter, and easy maintenance.

Expectations of the results of this study can motivate farmers to implement rice seedlings

planting tools that begin with simple technology and can overcome the scarcity of

planters to support the food security program. The benefits of this research activity in

terms of technology are improving the efficiency of planting rice seedlings moving

systems, increasing the work capacity of transplanting wetland rice seedlings compared

to conventional planting systems, and spurring the development of appropriate tool

 5

design that refers to local potential and capabilities. Benefits social benefits are growing

application technology for planting rice seedlings of moving system, motivating farmers

to face the reduction of agricultural power, advancing agriculture, especially planting rice

seedlings, paddy seedlings of moving systems are more ergonomic and affordable prices,

and opening business opportunities for planting rice seedlings that more interesting.

(ricetoday.irri.org)

Lower back pain (LBP) is a common health problem arising from work with

manual handling. Especially in farmers. The literature confirms that the prevalence of

LBP among farmers is high, particularly in developing countries. Several studies have

reported LBP to be highly prevalent in rice farmers. For example, in Thailand, there are

reports indicating that the prevalence of LBP in rice farmers is between 56% and 73.1%.

Furthermore, one of these studies indicated that the highest prevalence of LBP arises

during the transplanting process, which is a most tedious job.

(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

Rice planting is becoming easier and convenient.  With the use of portable rice

planter, a farmer need not to bend his body for long hours of planting. The machine does

the work while the farmer-operator will walk without arching its back for a long period of

time. Farmers, seed growers, seed centers and cooperatives, irrigators’ association, non-

government organizations, and private local manufacturers will benefit from this

technology. The portable rice planter is a two-row rice planter. It has an advantage to a

sing farmer who can plant one rice seedling at a time. This will be faster to farmer in
 6

planting a rice seedling because it plants two rice seedlings at a time which is better to a

farmer who plants one rice seedling at a time.

The parts of the Portable Rice Planter are the paddy tray, fingers, shafting, connecting

rod, pillow blocks, chain, flywheel/impeller, handle, frame, gear setting, and sprockets.

The frame serves as the overall structure foundation of the planter. The paddy tray

contains the rice seedling that will be planted on the field which consist of metal sheets

and reinforcement steels. The finger is intended to plant the rice seedling to ensure that

the rice seedling will meet the ground for planting. Shafting that support the entire

mechanisms function to move as one is a primary need. Connecting rods ensures

consistency in the movement of mechanisms. The pillow blocks serve as rotating points

in the mechanism for smoother delivery of force from the impeller. The chain or drive

train is the one who connects overall power of the impeller to generate movement to the

whole machine. Flywheel is the ground contact that moves the whole mechanism. Handle

is connected to the frame itself that enables the manpower to work. Body frame is the

whole vessel of the portable rice planter. Sprocket and gears vary the movement and

sizing that dictates the machines efficiency in planting

The portable rice planter is a small frame machine that is use by pulling the

machine through the handle and the flywheel of the machine will rotate because the

flywheel has spokes that connects to the soil which makes the flywheel rotate. As the

machine is being pulled, the flywheel is also rotating, this will make the machine will

plant rice seedlings. The cost in labor will reduce and the time will be lessened in

planting rice.
 7

Statement of the Objectives

The main objective of the study is to develop a Portable Rice Planter for planting

rice seedlings. Specifically, it sought to realize the following:

1. To design a Portable Rice Planter.

2. To fabricate and assemble a Portable Rice Planter.

3. To test and evaluate the efficiency of Portable Rice Planter.

4. To make a cost-benefit analysis.

Time and Place of the Study

The researchers developed the Portable Rice Planter to determine its effectiveness. This

study aimed and focused on the design and fabrication of the Portable Rice Planter. All

activities was undertaken by the researchers at the College of Engineering, Don Mariano

Marcos Memorial State University Mid La Union Campus, Catbangen, City of San

Fernando, La Union during the Academic Year 2020-2021. Data gathering and testing of

the Portable Rice Planter was held at Brgy. Bungro, Purok 3, San Fernando City, La

Union.

Definition of Terms

Design. A plan or drawing to show the look and function of the machine before

fabrication.
 8

Efficiency. To determine the effectiveness of the machine.

Fabricate. The materials are cut, welded, bended and assembled.

Rice Planter. A machine that plants rice while pulling the handle.

Portable. To be easily to carry and to move because of its smaller size.

 9

Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The study used research and experimental development which is any systematic

and creative work undertaken under physical, natural, mathematical and applied sciences

using methods is in order to increase the stock knowledge, and the use of this knowledge

in these field to devise new applications.(Republic Act No. 8439, Sec.3-1)

The research and experimental development design fit the study since the

researchers will conceptualize the design of Portable Rice Planter. The effectiveness of

the machine was based through the materials, implementation of correct methods, and

effort. With proper use of all the processes that are involve such as designing, testing, and

treatment of statistical data acquisition, researchers had an output that is functional,

practical, and easy-to-use.

 Validation of Pedal Operated
Hacksaw
10

Materials and Procedures

Materials. Table 1 shows the materials with their corresponding quantity and costs.

Table 1. Materials and Cost

Quantity Unit Description Unit Price Total Cost
(Php) (Php)
10 pcs 14mm Bolts and Nuts 80.00 800.00

1 pc 3/16in Flat bar 348.00 348.00

1 pc 1.4mm Flat sheet 1600.00 1600.00
2 pcs Gears 250.00 500.00
1 Labor Fee 1 6000.00 6000.00
1 Labor Fee 2 2500.00 2500.00
1 Labor Fee 3 3000.00 3000.00
5
6 pcs /8 in Pillow Block 235.00 1410.00
5 packs Rice Paddy 200.00 1000.00
44 teeth sprocket,
1 set 14 teeth sprocket 750.00 750.00
Chain
2 pcs 1x2in Tubular 408.00 816.00

Materials Cost 7224.00

Labor Cost 11500.00
Overall Total Cost 18724.00

The total cost of the Portable Rice Planter is Php 18,724.00. The largest

contributor of this cost was the labor fee in which we had three (3) separate labor workers

who made the Portable Rice Planter. We did not stick to one labor worker because of

their time availability to do the Portable Rice Planter.

 11

DESIGNED PORTABLE RICE PLANTER

MACHINE

MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES PURCHASED

FOR PORTABLE RICE PLANTER MACHINE

ASSEMBLED PORTABLE RICE PLANTER

MACHINE

TESTED PORTABLE RICE PLANTER

MACHINE

REVISIONED PORTABLE RICE PLANTER

MACHINE

EVALUATED OF PORTABLE RICE

PLANTER MACHINE

FINAL OUTPUT OF PORTABLE RICE

PLANTER MACHINE
F

ig.1. Flowchart of Portable Rice Planter

Procedures. In the development Portable Rice Planter, we conceptualize the design of the

machine, conduct related literature review over the internet and library resources. We
 12

consulted experts regarding the fabrication of the Portable Rice Planter and to assemble

the parts and make extensive research and discuss on what possible type of planting

system is applicable. Calculations will be conducted to get the efficiency of the machine.

Ten trials per twenty planted rice seedlings will be used to test and evaluate the study.

After the trials, the data will be gathered and be checked to see the efficiency of the

machine.

Data Gathering

Portable Rice Planter was tested in the farm field and calculated the working

capacity and efficiency of the machine. We conducted the ten (10) trials in the open farm

field and checked the rice seedling’s structure and quantity of rice seedlings that was

planted. Within the 10 trials the machine should plant 20 rice seedlings to justify its

working capacity and efficiency.

Data Analysis

The gathered data is used to determine the machine’s working capacity and

efficiency. The methods used to analyze the data collection were the Arithmetic Mean,

Percentage, and Machine Elements principles. The arithmetic mean was used to measure

the mean or average capacity and efficiency from Trial 1-10. The machines’ efficiency

was measured as a meter per hour. To express efficiency as a percent, divide the overall

output by the input and multiply the result by 100. The researchers used the data

collected in Trial 1-10.

 13

Chapter 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Design of the Portable Rice Planter

Before fabrication, the researchers conducted comprehensive research and

analysis of a design required to pursue a Portable Rice Planter Machine, with the goal of

assisting the locals or potential end-users making their work easier and increases the

work output. The Portable Rice Planter was created based on Uttam Patel, Purva Patel,

Parth Rana, Alay Shah, and Purthiv Mehta’s previous research on Rice Planting Machine

(April 2017). After determining which method this machine would use, the researchers

began looking for materials that could help with various functions.

The Portable Rice Planter has a major component which is the frame/body of the

machine that shown in Fig. 3. The shaft, bearing, belt, sprockets, connecting rods,

fingers and trays were all incorporated into the system as auxiliary parts. The machine

frame was made up of angle bars and square bar respectively for support. The overall

dimension of the machine is 107cm x 35cm x 86cm which is theoretically acceptable.

The design was in accordance the principles learned in various Mechanical Engineering

subjects mainly Machine Design and Machine Elements.

The frame is consisting of tubular welded together, forming a stiff and rigid

frame. The tubular is a middle weight type of frame. The welding rod may depend on the
 14

type of material because some materials require special welding rods. The frame is only

small because it is portable.

The researcher identified the main parts in the following:

Arm Assembly. The arm assembly is consisting of flat bars interconnected by bolts

and nuts, they are also connected to shafting which is also connected to the gears that

drives the whole motion of the rice planter. The arm is in charged on the planting of the

rice seedlings, the arm is cut to have an opening to hold the rice seedlings It has a

follower arm that pushes the rice seedlings down consist of flat bars and square bars

welded just above the arm extending to the paddy or rice seedlings tray.

Propeller Assembly. The impeller assembly is consisting of flat sheet and flat

bars. The flat sheet is cut to form a circle, two circles is welded to form a thicker circle

flat sheet which will serve as the flywheel. Then the flat bars are welded around the circle

vertically and perpendicular to face if the flywheel as seen on the figure that will serve as

the impeller. This assembly is in charge for the movement of the entire machine,

connecting by sprocket set with chains, then shafting with pillow blocks. And gears to

drive the arm.

Tray Assembly. The tray assembly is consisting of flat sheet welded to form of

rectangular tray which will hold the paddy. It is connected to the shafting of the arm

allowing the tray to move together with the arm. It has support in its face to keep the

paddy from falling as seen on the figure and keeps the paddy organized.
15
 16

8cm
11cm 20cm

25cm
19cm 25cm

23cm

30cm

Figure 1. Top View

 17

25 cm

40cm

83cm

27 cm

35 cm

Figure 2. Front View

 18

38cm

48cm

13cm
D=30cm 66cm

40cm

20cm

60cm

107cm

Figure 3. Side View

 19

Figure 4. Isometric View

 20

Construction of Portable Rice Planter

The researchers conducted extensive research and study of a design required to

develop a Portable Rice Planter prior to fabrication. After selecting which process this

machine would use, the researchers began looking for materials that could help with the

many roles mentioned before.

The supplies needed by the researchers were purchased all at once. The

researchers designed and made sizes for the machine to be followed. The propeller (8)

was first constructed with a diameter of 30cm and the 6 spokes has an 13cm length that

are welded to the propeller (8). The flat sheet was used to make the propeller (8) the same

as the spokes. The propeller (8) spokes were determined by measuring its reach from the

ground Followed by the frame (6), the 2x2 tubular was cut and measured in which is

welded to form the designed body (6). The height of the frame from the handle is 86cm,

average waist height of a Pilipino ranging from the standard height of 5’6ft for men and

25cm with form the standard planting distance of rice seedlings. The shaft was cut and

put through the center of the propeller (8). A 5/8 in pillow block (7) was bolted to the top

ends of the body of the frame. The propeller (8) with its welded shaft and a 44-teeth

sprocket (5) is assembled, called propeller assembly. The 5/8 in pillow blocks (7) will help

the propeller assembly to rotate smoothly. The propeller assembly is installed to the 5/8

pillow blocks (7) from end-to-end of the shaft. Then the arm assembly (2) is assembled,

where the 14 teeth sprocket (5) is welded through a shaft alongside with the 14-teeth

sprocket (5). Beside of the 14-teeth sprocket (5) is a gear (3) welded also to the shaft,

called gear 1(3). The gear one is connected with another gear, called gear 2(3). The gear

2(3) is welded to a shaft. The 44-teeth sprocket (5) is nearer to the pulling side and the
 21

14-teeth (5) sprocket is at near at the tray (1) to make the planting faster. The flat bar is

cut to make an arm. The shaft on its ends has the arm with a 25cm distance, which is a

standard planting spacing of the rice seedling. The arms are made in three parts and are

bolted together to make a rotation that will reach the tray (1). The tray assembly (1) was

the last to assemble. The 1.4mm flat sheet is cut to make tray. It has a divider at the

center. The rice seedlings will be put in the tray assembly (1) with a horizontal position

and the roots are facing the right part (if the rice seedling is in the right side) and left side

(if the rice seedling is in the left side) of the tray. The tray (1). has a cut portion on the

lower edge. This is where the arm will reach the rice seedlings with a 0.50cm gap from

the tray to the tip of the arms, as the machine is being pulled by a person.

After all materials are assembled and installed by welding and bolting. The chain

(4) is installed and the excess link is cut so that the chain has enough tension on the

sprockets (5).
 22

Legend:

1. Tray assembly
2. Arm assembly
3. Gears
4. Chain
5. Sprocket
6. Frame/Body
7. Pillow blocks
8. Propeller

Figure 5. Exploded View

 23

Testing and Revisions

After the fabrication was completed, it was tested in order to observe its

efficiency to plant rice seedling. The test was done in May 2021. The Portable Rice

Plater was operated to test whether they are functioning well.

While the testing is in progress, the researchers discovered that the machines

arm cannot plant the rice seedlings efficiently. The mud was getting stuck inside of the

machine and the arms bent that causes misalignment and cannot pick the rice seedlings in

the tray. The researchers revised the machine. Another arm design was made to ensure

that it will not be bent. A flat bar was used to make the arms. The arms design was

rotational unlike before that it only goes up and down to pick the rice seedlings. After the

researchers fabricate the arms of the rice planter the researchers notice that the weight of

the rice planter is too heavy so they removed the flat sheet below the rice planter and

made it smaller to lessen the weight the machine. The machine's arm lacks force to plant

rice seedlings. Then the researchers add gears to create more force whilst not making

revision on the propeller assembly. Gears also helps the machine to comply the arms

motion, where it needed to rotate anti-clockwise while pulling the machine. Upon

testing, the machine to do several trials. The machine properly functions, and it didn't fail

to plant rice seedlings. The researchers discovered that it cannot plant the next rice

seedlings. Then the research conducted another design in the arm assembly. That’s is

where the add shaft on the top the arms and welded four cut flat bars unto the shaft.
 24

Table 2. List of Problems Encountered and Revisions

PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS
 The machine cannot plant  Adjusted the distance of the tray so that the

efficiently due to the arms not arms will reach the rice seedlings.

reaching the rice seedlings.

 The arms have and up and down  It was revised to rotational so that it will

motion. move away from the tray as the machine

moves.

 Muds gets piled inside the machine.  The researchers remove the flat sheet at the

bottom of the machine.

Table 2 shows the list of problems encountered during the machines designing

and testing that needs to be fix to fulfill the desired function of the machine.
 25

Table 3. Data’s during the Testing of Portable Rice Planter

Trials Planted Not Planted
Category A. 1 13 7
Efficiency 2 9 11
3 10 10
4 8 12
5 4 16
6 10 10
7 8 12
8 8 12
9 6 14
10 3 17
Average 79 121
Trials Working capacity(m/s)
Category B. 1 0.25 m/s
Working Capacity 2 0.19 m/s
3 0.19 m/s
4 0.19 m/s
5 0.18 m/s
6 0.18 m/s
7 0.17 m/s
8 0.16 m/s
9 0.15 m/s
10 0.14 m/s
Average 0.18 m/s
Trials PRP Man
Category C. 1 0.25 m/s 0.18m/s
Comparison 2 0.19 m/s 0.20m/s
3 0.19 m/s 0.21m/s
4 0.19 m/s 0.17m/s
5 0.18 m/s 0.19m/s
6 0.18 m/s 0.23m/s
7 0.17 m/s 0.20m/s
8 0.16 m/s 0.18m/s
9 0.15 m/s 0.15m/s
10 0.14 m/s 0.16m/s
Average 0.18 m/s 0.19m/s
 26

Table 3. Category A-C Summary of Data during the Testing of Portable Rice Planter. The

summary of the gathered data during testing are shown above, from the table,

Table 4. Summary of Data

Categories Values
Category A 79
/200 is 39.5%
(Efficiency)

Category B
0.18m/s is 64800 m/hr
(Working Capacity)

Category C 0.18m/s(Man)
(Comparison) 0.19m/s(PRP)

At the Category A, efficiency of the machine is 39.5%. It has a low efficiency

due to mud that sticks to the machine that causes unplanted rice seedlings. At Category

B, working capacity of the machine is 64,800 meters per hour. The machine can plant

rice seedling at 64,800 meters in a 1-hectare rice field. At Category C, comparison of

PRP and Man; the man is 0.01m/s faster than the PRP.

In terms of design, the Portable Rice Planter is acceptable. This is because it is

smaller than the commercial ones like Manual rice transplanter is larger in size. But due

to choose of materials the efficiency of Portable Rice Planter is lower compared to

existing machines.

The Portable Rice Planter is more affordable than the commercial ones.

Compared to Manual rice transplanter which cost Php 6,733, the Portable Rice Planter

can be sold at Php 3,000.

 27

Chapter 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The research study focused on the development, fabrication, and evaluation of the

Portable Rice Planter. The researchers engaged in the designing, constructing, and testing

of the machine. The output of this study which is the planting of rice seedling potentially

helps the farmers to plant efficiently.

The output of this study which is the planting of rice seedling potentially helps the

farmers to in planting. The researchers used the research and experimental development

research, since the researchers has done designing on the construction of machine to get

the desired outcome which is the planting of rice seedlings. Revisions and testing were

made to evaluate the machine.

From the specific objectives, the following were accomplished:

1. The researchers discovered that the machine cannot consistently plant, which could

affect the efficiency of the machine . The size and type of bottle glass is strictly

considered to produce a finer product.

2. The construction and fabrication were built from a variety of materials and assembled

according to the researcher’s design.

3. After repeated trials, the machine was discovered to be in good working order,

proving that it is more efficient and cost-effective than human manual rice planting.
 28

Conclusions

In the light of the findings of the study and after conducting several tests of the

machine, the following conclusions were drawn.

1. The Portable Rice Planter was designed by the researchers based on its design as well

as the machine’s innovation over previous models.

2. The researchers developed and built it at the same time to promote environmental

awareness, economic development, and industry development.

3. The Portable Rice Planter was constructed based on its design and meet the desired

distance of the rice plants and the desired speed to plant a rice which is 20 cm and 18 m/s

respectively. It was tested and evaluated based on its technical performance in terms of

speed of planting 20 rows of rice between the human and machine. The machine and

human speed are 0.18 m/s and 19 m/s respectively

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the researchers would like to

recommend the following:

1. The design of the Portable Rice Planter can be further improved and modified by

changing the metal parts into PVC pipes or any lighter materials that will be lighter.

2. The Portable Rice Planter can be more versatile by adding more rows and arms for

planting rice seedlings.

 29

3. Proper lubrication is a must to allow smoother operation of the Portable Rice Planter.

4. For more efficient planting efficiency, redesigning the arms and tray is recommended.
 30

LITERATURE CITED

Books

V.L. Doughtie and W.H. James, “Elements of Mechanism”

Electronic Sources

China National Rice Research Institute “A kind of aspirated-air type rice seedling
planter”
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN206790941U/

Daisaku Wakamatsu, “Rice planter with gutter mounted with roll seedlings, and internal
light guiding roll seedling”
https://patents.google.com/patent/JP2012200254A/

FJ Dynamics Technology Co Ltd, “Rice transplanter and its connecting rice

transplanting method”
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN110036729A/

G. Yang, “Wheel type manual rice transplanter”

https://patents.google.com/patent/KR840003769A/

H. Tae-yong ,“Saddle type rice transplanter”

https://patents.google.com/patent/KR100786234B1/

Heilongjiang Shuitian Mechanization Institute, “Eight-row foldable type four-wheeled

drive rice planter”
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN202941131U/

Jilin Jialong Agricultural Equipment Technology Co. Ltd, “Seedling box for pot seedling
rice seedling planter”
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN201450790U/

Kawai, S. & Formiga, A.K. “The Invention of the Rice Transplanter by Farmers”
https://extension.oregonstate.edu/

Kunio Doi,“Rice transplanter”

 31

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2002071829A1/

L. Guotuan, “Manual rice transplanter”

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN2236215Y/

Li Dahai,“Novel rice transplanter”

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN201846599U/

M. Nemoto, “Rice-planter carried fluid distribution device”

https://patents.google.com/patent/TWI239231B/

O.F. Domingo, S&T Media Service, “Engine-driven rice transplanter is cheaper”

https://www.philstar.com/business/agriculture/2005/06/12/281314/

Qinzhou University, “The automatic rice planter of perpendicular disc type”

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN207692352U/

S. Mohanty, H. Bhandari, B. Mohapatra, and S. Baruah, “The ongoing transformation of

rice farming in Asia”
https://ricetoday.irri.org/

S. Qihua, “Seedling box horizontal repositioning device and motorized bowl seedling
rice transplanter”
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN101658092B/

Shi Zuo Kai, “Small sized manpower rice transplanter”

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN200962736Y/

T. Gui, ‘‘Manual rice transplanter”

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN86209070U/
T. Kato, “Riding type rice transplanter”
https://patents.google.com/patent/JP2011050343A/

X. Shengyin, “Paddy field automatic rice transplanter”

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106068834B/
 32

Y. Sonoda and T. Matsumura“Sulky rice transplanter with fertilizing apparatus”

https://patents.google.com/patent/JP2003310007A/

Yangma Power Technology Co., Ltd,“Rice transplanter”

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN102771235B/

APPENDICES
 33

APPENDIX A
CALCULATIONS

CALCULATION OF LENGTH OF BELT

The belt length was computed using the measured diameters of the driver

and driven sprocket, as well as the distance between the driver sprocket and driven

sprocket. The distance between the two points is. The equation below was used is from

elements of mechanism by Doughtie and James.

π
L= 2 C+ (D+ d)+¿ ¿
2

Where;

L, length of the chain, cm

C, center distance between the two sprockets

D, diameter of big sprocket

d, diameter of smaller sprocket

Thus;

π
L= 2(40 cm)+ (7 cm+2.5 cm)+ ¿
2

L= 95.05cm or 96cm

CALCULATION OF ANGULAR DISPLACE TO LINEAR DISPLACEMENT

The linear displacement was computed using the measured radius and angle of the

propeller. The radius of the propeller is 10cm. The angle of the propeller fins is 45֯

degrees.  The equation below was used is from Machine Design by Faires.

 34

s=ϴr

Where;

s, linear displacement, cm

ϴ, angular displacement, degrees

r, radius of propeller, cm

Starting at ϴ=0, which is at rest, we get;

s=ϴr
π
s=(0֯)( /180)(10cm)
s=0cm

At 45֯,

s=ϴr
π
s=(45֯) ( /180)(10cm)
s=7.85cm

At 90֯,

s=ϴr
π
s=(90֯) ( /180)(10cm)
s=15.71cm

At 135֯,

s=ϴr
π
s=(135֯) ( /180)(10cm)
s=23.56cm

At 180֯,

s=ϴr
π
s=(180֯) ( /180)(10cm)
s=31.41cm
 35

At 225֯,

s=ϴr
π
s=(45֯) ( /180)(10cm)
s=7.85cm

At 270֯,

s=ϴr
π
s=(270֯) ( /180)(10cm)
s=47.12cm

At 315֯,

s=ϴr
π
s=(315֯) ( /180)(10cm)
s=54.98cm

At 360֯,

s=ϴr
π
s=(360֯) ( /180)(10cm)
s=62.83cm

ϴ 0֯ 45֯ 90֯ 135֯ 180֯ 225֯ 270֯ 315֯ 360֯

s 0 7.85 15.71 23.56 31.41 39.27 47.12 54.98 62.83

The data’s show the answers’ taken from converting angular displacement to

linear displacement of the machine, from propeller which has an angular displace to arm

which has the linear displacement.

The conversion of angular displacement to linear displacement shows how the

arm will start to move. From 0֯ point where the arm rest is the starting point. Then when

machine will be pulled, the propeller will rotate and the next fin will touch the ground

and until the fourth fin will be the next rest of the arm which is at a distance of 23.56
 36

which is inside the standard planting space of rice seedling where that is about 20cm to

30cm. Every fourth fin will be the next rest of the arm.
 37

APPENDIX B

DOCUMENTATION OF THE MACHINE

DURING THE TESTING AND EVALUATION

A. Fabrication and Revisions

 38

B. Pre Testing
 39

C. Final Testing
40
 APPENDIX C

PROJECT WORKPLAN

(1) Program Title: N / A

(2) Project Title: PORTABLE RICE PLANTER
(3) Total Duration (in months): 5 Months
(4) Planned Start Date: January 2021 (2nd Week)
(5) Planned End Date: June 2021 (1st Week)

Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5

(6) (7) Target (8) Target W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W4
Objectives Activities Accomplishments 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 W 3
2
1. Plan, 1.1. Conduct 1.1. Acquire 
concept initial planning information on the
ualize, based on the current situation
and current situation and setup of the
designi and setup of the locale.
ng of locale.
PRP
1.2. Design the 1.2. Specify the 
components, components,struct
structure and ure and
mechanism of mechanism of
PRP. PRP
 Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5

(7) Target (8) Target W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W

(6) Objectives 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 W 3 4
Activities Accomplishments 2

2. Develop 2.1. Acquire the 2.1. Complete 

the PRP needed materials acquisition of
appropriate
materials for the
PRP
2.2. Construct 2.2. Fully 
and assemble developed PRP 
the PRP as conforming to the
designed. conceptualized
design.

3. Develop 3.1. Test the 3.1. Fully 

the PRP functionality of functional of the
the PRP as expected.
PRP

3.2. Test the 3.2. Determined 

productivity of duration and
the capacity
PRP performance of
PRP
 3.3. Revision of 3.3. Identified the      
PRP. problemss of the
arms of the GP

Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5

(6) (7) Target (8) Target W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
Objectives Activities Accomplishments 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 W 3 4
2
3.4 Final testing 3.4. Fully functional  
of PRP PRP

4. Conduct 4.1. Determine 4.1. Proved that the  

Cost and calculate PRP is beneficial
Benefit Benefit – and advisable for
Analysis for Cost Ratio of the implementation.
the PRP PRP
 SALTING, SYEMOUN PETER S.
Bauang, La Union
syemounpeter@gmail.com
0930-004-6726

Personal Information

Date of Birth : November 26, 1997

Place of Birth : San Fernando City, La Union
Age : 23
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Christian
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Language spoken : English, Filipino, Ilocano
Institutional Affiliation : Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
School Address : Catbangen San Fernando City, La Union

Educational Background

Tertiary Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Don-Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
Mid La Union Campus
Catbangen, San Fernando City, La Union
2014 –2021

Secondary Holy Infant Nino Montessori and High School

Naguilian, La Union
2010-2014

DUCUSIN, EVANGELINE N.
San Fernando City, La Union
ducusinevangeline09@gmail.com
0926-962-7831
 Date of Birth : December 5, 1996
Place of Birth : San Fernando City, La Union
Age : 24
Citizenship : Filipino

Personal Information

Religion : Born Again Christian

Sex : Female
Civil Status : Single
Language spoken : English, Filipino, Ilocano
Institutional Affiliation : Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
School Address : Catbangen San Fernando City, La Union

Educational Background

Tertiary Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Don-Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
Mid La Union Campus
BACANI,Catbangen,
RIZALDO SanG.Fernando
JR. City, La Union
San Fernando City, La Union
2013 –2021
bacanirizaldo@gmail.com
0920-795-1122
Secondary La Union National High School
Catbangen San Fernando City, La Union
2009-2013
Personal Information

Date of Birth : October 5, 1996

 Place of Birth : San Fernando City, La Union
Age : 24
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Language spoken : English, Filipino, Ilocano
Institutional Affiliation : Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
School Address : Catbangen San Fernando City, La Union

Educational Background

Tertiary Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Don-Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
Mid La Union Campus
Catbangen San Fernando City, La Union
2014 –2021

Secondary Christ The King College

San Fernando City, La Union
2010-2014

Personal Information

MONTEMAYOR, CARL JORYLL A.

Bitalag Bacnotan, La Union
carljoryll@gmail.com
0956-783-5299

Date of Birth : October 5, 1996

Place of Birth : San Fernando City, La Union

 Age : 24
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Language spoken : English, Filipino, Ilocano
Institutional Affiliation : Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
School Address : Catbangen San Fernando City, La Union

Educational Background

Tertiary Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Don-Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
Mid La Union Campus
Catbangen San Fernando City, La Union
2013 –2021

Secondary Union Christian College

San Fernando City, La Union
2009-2013

SANTIAGO, KEVIN M.
San Benito Norte, Aringay, La Union. 2503
kevinsantiago04072018@gmail.com
+63 910 005 7260

Personal Information

Date of Birth : October 5, 1996

Place of Birth : San Fernando City, La Union
 Age : 24
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Language spoken : English, Filipino, Ilocano
Institutional Affiliation : Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
School Address : Catbangen San Fernando City, La Union

Educational Background

Tertiary Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Don-Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
Mid La Union Campus
Catbangen San Fernando City, La Union
2011-2021

Secondary Notre Dame Institute

Poblacion, Aringay, La Union
2007-2011

VALDEZ, CLARK KEVIN P.

San Fernando City, La Union
VALDEZCLARKKEVIN@gmail.com
0948-428-1499

Personal Information

Date of Birth : September 18, 1997

Place of Birth : San Fernando City, La Union
Age : 23
 Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Language spoken : English, Filipino, Ilocano
Institutional Affiliation : Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
School Address : Catbangen San Fernando City, La Union

Educational Background

Tertiary Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Don-Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
Mid La Union Campus
Catbangen San Fernando City, La Union
2014 –2021

Secondary La Union National High School

Catbangen San Fernando City, La Union
2010-2014