Cymbopogon Citratus (Lemon Grass), Garlic clove skin, and Azadirachta Indica (Neem

Plant) As an Alternative Mosquito coil

Tagavilla, John Drake A.

Salcedo, Nur-shikin A.

Pamintuan, Gio P.

Proponents

Ms. Angel May B. Ladrera

Research Adviser

Submitted as a Requirement in Research

Regional Science High School IX

May 2021
 ABSTRACT

This Research study aimed to reduce the number of Dengue cases by creating mosquito coils that can

exterminate mosquitoes that causes this disease. This study utilizes extracts from Lemon grass

(Cymbopogon Citratus), Garlic clove skin, and Neem plant (Azadirachta Indica) which contains

properties that has the ability to kill mosquitoes.

The plant extracts were gathered individually at researchers’ respective homes. After obtaining

the plant extracts, the researchers were able to begin the experimentation. Four treatments with three

replicates were prepared. Treatment A: 50% of Lemon grass, 25% of Garlic clove skin and 25% of Neem

leaves; Treatment B: 25% of Lemon grass, 25% of Garlic clove skin and 50% of Neem leaves; Treatment

C: 25% of Lemon grass, 50% of Garlic clove skin and 25% of Neem leaves. In treatment D,

Commercialized product were used for the controlled variable.

The data gathered was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. This test led to the

conclusion that Lemon grass, garlic clove skin, and neem plant extract can be used for making mosquito

coil.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the

study…………………………………………………………………...1

B. Statement of the problem…………………………………………………………….........2

C. Statement of Hypothesis………………………………………………………………......3

D. Significance of the study………………………………………………………………….3

E. Scope and Limitations…………………………………………………………………….4

F. Review of related Literature and Studies…………………………………………………4

METHODOLOGY

A. Research Locale...................................................................................................................8

B. Research Design .................................................................................................................8

C. General Procedure ..............................................................................................................8

D. Statistical Analysis.............................................................................................................10

E. Disposal Treatment............................................................................................................10

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION..................................................................................................11

CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................17

RECOMMENDATIONS ...........................................................................................................18

REFERENCES............................................................................................................................19

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................................................21

APPENDICES.............................................................................................................................22
 1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the study

Dengue is a debilitating viral disease of the tropics, transmitted by mosquitoes, and

causing sudden fever and acute pains in the joints. Mosquitoes (Ae. aegypti or Ae. Albopictus)

are insects that carry this type of infectious virus. Based on World Health Organization (WHO),

there are already approximately 375, 180 confirmed cases who were diagnosed with dengue.

Based on CNN articles, Philippines declared a national dengue epidemic last year due to

numerous dengue cases that were spreading rapidly. In today’s rainy season, mosquitoes will be

expected to increase their colonies in our areas and will carry the dengue virus.

Lemongrass extract is effective in repelling mosquitoes due to its active components in

the extract, this alone is can be a good source of one of the ingredients on making mosquito-

related insecticide or other products. (Laura Salvia-Trujillo M, Alejandra Rojas-Graü, Robert

Soliva-Fortuny, and etc.) Neem is a strong antioxidant that will neutralize free radicals that can

maybe influence the development or growth in some conditions, it is also an anti-inflammatory

agent. Due to its antimicrobial effects, it will be effective against any bacteria, virus, and fungi. It

will surely be effective on mosquitoes. It will be having anti-malarial properties. (Debra Rose

Wilson, Ph.D.) Garlic bulbs contain an amino acid that converts to a substance called allicin

when crushed, blended, or chopped. The characteristic odor released as a result of this process

has powerful properties. “When garlic extract is absorbed by a plant, biochemical changes take

place in its foliage which causes it to actively repel insects,” says Parker, “In short, plants are

provided with a long-lasting case of ‘garlic breath’ that causes insects to move elsewhere.”
 2

However, the treatment is odorless to humans within minutes of application. (Benford, Hills.

N.Y)

Mosquito coils have been well studied and their function has been studied in killing or

repelling mosquitoes. They would usually decrease the ability of mosquitoes to bite humans,

including variations between the chemical constituents of goods and the forms in which they are

tested. (Honey Coach)

B. Statement of the problem

Specifically, the study will examine and answer the following questions:

1. Does the organic product exterminate mosquitoes?

2. Which of these set-ups will be most efficient in terms of exterminating mosquitoes?

Set-up A: 50% of Lemongrass, 25% of Garlic clove skin, and 25% of Neem leaves

Set-up B: 25% of Lemongrass, 25% of Garlic clove skin, and 50% of Neem leaves

Set-up C: 25% of Lemongrass, 50% of Garlic clove skin, and 25% of Neem leaves

Controlled: Commercialized product

3. What is the estimated area where the smoke of the coil is effective?
 3

C. Statement of Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis

There is no significant difference between the area of the smoke emitted by the coil to the

mortality rate of mosquitoes.

There is no significant difference between the mortality rate of mosquitoes after being

exposed to the smoke of the organic product and commercialized product.

There is no significant difference between the 4 set-ups in terms of its effectiveness in

exterminating mosquitoes.

Alternative Hypothesis

There is a significant difference between the area of the smoke emitted by the coil to the

mortality rate of mosquitoes.

There is a significant difference between the mortality rate of mosquitoes after being

exposed to the smoke of the organic product and commercialized product.

There is a significant difference between the 4 set-ups in terms of its effectiveness in

exterminating mosquitoes.

D. Significance of the study

Making a homemade product is more practical and safer than buying commercial

remedies. our study is free from expenses and using organic plants is better for the environment.

it is more efficient, convenient and gives a long-lasting effect. it is said that when using organic

plants would be a lot convenient than a commercialized product.

 4

The research aims to eliminate mosquitoes. Since the components are effective in killing

mosquitoes, it will not be effective on other insects like cockroaches. The coil will be the only

product the researchers will make. The researchers will conduct the experiment at their

respective houses due to this Pandemic. All materials are available and accessible locally

E. Scope and limitations

This study focuses only on exterminating mosquitoes with the help of the Neem plant

(Azadirachta Indica), Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus), and Garlic clove skin as an

alternative mosquito coil. This study is only limited to creating or inventing Handmade Mosquito

Coil with no machines.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Being bitten by a mosquito is one of the least things that almost everyone wants to

experience. These bites can cause irritation. The mosquito’s saliva is the cause of the red bump

on our skin and the itchy feeling. But there are more serious consequences of mosquito bites.

Transmission of serious diseases includes viruses such as malaria, dengue virus, Zika virus, Zika

and west Nile virus, which can lead to disabling and potentially deadly effects. Carrying

diseases that can afflict humans is not the only thing the mosquitoes can do. They can transmit

several diseases and parasites that are susceptible to dogs and horses as well. This includes dog

heart worm, eastern equine encephalitis and west nile virus. (N A, 2017).

Many mosquitoes are created using your blood. Your blood provides protein to the

female mosquitoes that will be needed for the development of the egg. Scents emitted by humans

attract mosquitoes including carbon dioxide, lactic acid and natural skin oils which makes us
 5

more attractive to mosquitoes. Female mosquito injects us with their saliva that contains

anticoagulant which allows you blood to flow freely to her. (N A, 2013)

According to Kwasi Opoku Boadu, et. al (2011), that Neem extract has a strong

antifeedant. It varies between species of mosquito who are sensitive in azadirachtin. The

litigation of the azadirachtin lies in the effect of deterrent and chemoreceptors resulting in

antifeedancy and effect on the most tissues studied resulting in overall deprivation of fitness of

the mosquito. The framework of the molecules of azadirachtin prohibits its fusion for pesticides.

The fusion of the parent’s molecule is about to be finished, and to study into absolute mimetic

substances continuously ongoing. Genuine formulations from neem leaves, which contains

azadirachtin that are mutually together with several structurally related molecules.

Cymbopogon citratus which contains Citronella oil, musk scents that attracts mosquitoes

such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid found in human. Unlike the DEET insect repellent spray,

lemongrass is organic and safe. People around the world found different use of the lemongrass

plant and the oil it produces. (NA, 2018) Upadhyay and Singh (2012) believe that the lectins or

lectin like compounds (ASAL) in garlic may interfere with different aspects of the insect life

cycle. Lectins serve as plant defences against insects, viruses, fungi, bacteria and mites

(Peumansand Van Damme 1995, Saha et al. 2007, Roy et al. 2008, Chakraborti et al. 2009).

These garlic compounds are toxic to many insects and can be a strong deterrent to feeding and

egg laying behavior (Michiels et al. 2010). They bind to and damage sensory receptors, midgut

receptor proteins, intracellular proteins and other vital proteins within the insect’s digestive tract.

Some studies strongly suggest that the oils and/or vapors in garlic are directly toxic to

insects (Park and Shin 2005, Zhao et al. 2013).

 6

In these days, insecticides are getting more dangerous to the human body because of its

hazardous component that may lead to every individual a lung cancer. The researcher’s venture

to make an eco-friendly and cancer free mosquito killer, with the help of the plants found in the

surroundings. We were able to come up with an alternative for killing mosquitoes. (Dela Cueva,

2015

Neem is a plant commonly found in the tropical and semi-tropical regions, as the

increased concerns about commercial products using chemicals to repel and kill mosquitoes, may

cause damage to a person’s health especially its lungs. So, the use of natural ingredients such as

Neem extracts is in high demand as of this past year. People are more likely interested in using

natural remedies in repelling mosquitoes without harming themselves. Since the Neem plant is

commonly found in tropical and semi-tropical countries, the researchers thought of using the

Neem plant as an alternative mosquito repellant, since the Neem plant contains the substance

called Azadirachtin which is a strong component when it comes to killing mosquitoes. (Fabio

Macchioni,2019,)

Lemongrass is more likely to be found everywhere, whether you are at the house, school,

town, or everywhere, you definitely can find lemongrass plant. Lemongrass is safe to use and

safe to smell especially its captivating smell when it is made into an essential oil. (NA, 2018) the

researchers thought of using Lemongrass as an additive component in repelling mosquitoes,

since lemongrass is said and confirmed to be safe for human, except in using the pure

lemongrass oil is hazardous to human skin but making it into a mosquito coil is safe to inhale

because it can relieve stress, anxiety and may act as a pain reliever.

While chopping garlic and removing its peels, instead of throwing it away you may use it

as an additive component in making a mosquito coil. Garlic is said to be useful and handy in
 7

repelling many kinds of insects including the mosquito itself, garlic is a powerful insect repellant

that can last for even 2 weeks or even 1 month. It has this substance called Diallyl disulfide that

has a big impact on repelling mosquitoes. (Bedford Hills, 2002) The researchers thought of

coming up with an idea of using garlic clove skin in repelling mosquitoes thinking it may have a

mosquito repellant component same as the garlic clove itself.

 8

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Research Locale

The research will be conducted individually at the researchers' respective homes due to

the pandemic. The materials will be bought locally specifically in Zamboanga City. These will

be bought and distributed to the other members by one of the researcher’s parents.

B. Research Design

The researchers use the after-only with control design since the researchers are comparing the

Organic and Commercialized Product in terms of Time of Mortality rate. Three treatments were

used in the study with 3 replicates in each treatment.

C. General Procedure

Gathering of Materials

The materials will be collected by Gio Pamintuan at their residence Baliwasan,

Zamboanga City, which will be distributed to the other researchers. The materials such as garlic

clove skins and neem leaves will be collected by John Drake Tagavilla at Pasonanca Abong-

Abong Zamboanga City while the Lemon Grass will be collected by Nur-Shikin Salcedo at

Southcom Village Zamboanga City.

 9

Sterilization of Materials

The materials will be soaked in warm water in three separate containers for 1-2 hours.

Then, the researchers will strain the water from the materials separately, and will be placed in

three dry containers in a shady area overnight to dry.

Preparation of fresh Plant Extract

The lemon grass gathered will be ground using mortar and pestle. We will then boil the

ground leaves to get the extract. The same process will be done for the Neem plant.

Preparation of the treatments

Four different treatments were prepared namely Treatment A as 50% of Lemongrass,

25% of Garlic clove skin and 25% of Neem leaves, Treatment B as 25% of Lemongrass, 25% of

Garlic clove skin and 50% of Neem leaves, Treatment C as 25% of Lemongrass, 50% of Garlic

clove skin and 25% of Neem leaves and Treatment D as Commercialized product which will be

the controlled variable.

Making of mosquito repellant

For the coil making, we will need a coil molder made from cement and a mosquito net.

We will put the different extracts and the garlic skin in the molder and put it under the sunlight

for 2-3 days.

 10

Cage Test

After the product is done, the mosquito coil will be placed inside a sealed box inhabited

by mosquitoes, the coil will be lightened up and will be monitored for its effectiveness to kill

mosquitoes. The size of the box that will be used in the cage test is 12x11x12. The length of the

box is 12 inches, the width is 11 inches and the height of the box is 12 inches.

C. Statistical Analysis

After measuring its mortality rate in different treatments will be then applied to a

statistical analysis which is the one-way analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for us to determine if

there is a significant difference in using the products in terms of using different treatments.

D. Disposal Treatment

After the experimentation is done, all the materials being used will be washed properly to

avoid having an unpleasant odor, the leaves that were used will be collected and disposed of

properly to avoid having flies and odors. After cleaning the materials, all of the materials will be

wiped properly to ensure there will be no water droplets to be left at the apparatuses and

materials that were used.

 11

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter contains the analysis of data to answer the objectives of the study. The data

were analyzed and interpreted properly using a One-way analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Table I: Gathered Data from Cage Test

50% Mortality 100% Mortality

Rate (minutes) Rate (minutes)

Setup A Trial 1 12.34 17.28

Trial 2 12.57 18.34

Trial 3 13.23 17.03

Setup B Trial 1 8.26 14.12

Trial 2 9.26 14.49

Trial 3 10.02 15.39

Setup C Trial 1 18.26 26.03

Trial 2 19.12 25.48

 12

Trial 3 19.25 26.28

Controlled Setup Trial 1 2.34 4.47

(Commercialized)
Trial 2 2.34 4.47

Trial 3 2.34 4.47

Table I shows the gathered data from the cage test. Setup A which contains 50% of

Lemongrass, 25% of Garlic clove skin, and 25% of Neem leaves took 12.34 minutes to

exterminate half of the population of mosquitoes (50% mortality rate) and it took 17.28 minutes

to exterminate the whole population of mosquitoes (100% mortality rate) in trial 1. In trial 2, it

took 12.57 minutes to exterminate half of the population of mosquitoes (50% mortality rate) and

it also took 18.34 minutes to exterminate the whole population of mosquitoes. Lastly in trial 3, it

took 13.23 minutes to exterminate half of the population of mosquitoes (50% mortality rate) and

it took 17.03 minutes to exterminate the whole population of mosquitoes (100% mortality rate).

Set-up B which contains 25% of Lemongrass, 25% of Garlic clove skin, and 50% of

Neem leaves took 8.26 minutes to exterminate half of the population of mosquitoes (50%

mortality rate) and it took 14.12 minutes to exterminate the whole population of mosquitoes

(100% mortality rate) in trail 1. In trial 2, it took 9.26 minutes to exterminate half of the

population of mosquitoes (50% mortality rate) and it took 14.49 minutes to exterminate the

whole population of mosquitoes (100% mortality rate). Lastly in trial 3, it took 10.02 minutes to

exterminate half of the population of mosquitoes (50% mortality rate) and it took 15.39 minutes

to exterminate the whole population of mosquitoes (100% mortality rate).

 13

Set-up C which contains 25% of Lemongrass, 50% of Garlic clove skin, and 25% of

Neem leaves took 18.26 minutes to exterminate half of the population of mosquitoes (50%

mortality rate) and it took 26.03 minutes to exterminate the whole population of mosquitoes

(100% mortality rate) in trial 1. In trial 2, it took 19.12 minutes to exterminate half of the

population of mosquitoes (50% mortality rate) and it took 25.48 minutes to exterminate the

whole population of mosquitoes (100% mortality rate). Lastly in trial 3, it took 19.25 minutes to

exterminate half of the population of mosquitoes (50% mortality rate) and it took 26.28 minutes

to exterminate the whole population of mosquitoes (100% mortality rate).

The controlled setup which is the commercialized product took 2.34 minutes to

exterminate half of the population of mosquitoes (50% mortality rate) and it took 4.47 minutes to

exterminate the whole population of mosquitoes (100% mortality rate) in all three trials.

This also proves that the organic product can exterminate mosquitoes.

Table II: Analysis of Mortality rate and effectiveness of different set-ups as mosquito coils.

X1 X1 ² X2 X2 ² X3 X3 ² X4 X4²
 14

17.28 298.5984 14.12 199.3744 26.03 677.56 4.47 19.9809 k=4

09
18.34 336.3556 14.49 209.9601 25.48 649.23 4.47 19.9809 n=3

04
17.03 290.0209 15.39 236.8521 26.28 690.63 4.47 19.9809 N=12

84
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
T=52. T=44 2 T=77.79 T=
2 G=187.85
∑ ❑ X 1 ²=924.9749 ∑ ❑ X =646.1866
2 ∑ ❑ X =2017.
3 ∑ ❑ X 24=59.9427
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
65 13.41
4297
❑
M=1 M=14 M=20.2 M=
∑ ❑ X ²=3642.53
❑
7.55 .6666 9833333 4.47

7 39

SS=0. SS=0. SS=0.33 SS=0

9674 8533 5

Table III. Hypothesis testing.

Source SS df MS F
Between 699.743 3 233.2477 865.4831

Treatments
Within 2.1557 8 0.2695

Treatments
Total 701.8987 11
F= 865.4831
Table F= 4.07
 15

Table I1 shows the Analysis of the Mortality rate and effectiveness of different

set-ups as mosquito coils. Each replicate has a 100% mortality rate. The Commercialized product

( x 4 ) has the least time with an average of 4.47 minutes while Set-up B ( x 2) with 25% of

Lemongrass, 25% of Garlic clove skin, and 50% of Neem leaves has the least time with an

average of 14.66667 minutes among all of the organic set-ups. Set-up A ( x 1) with 50% of

Lemongrass, 25% of Garlic clove skin, and 25% of Neem leaves, and Set-up C ( x 3) with 25% of

Lemongrass, 50% of Garlic clove skin, and 25% of Neem leaves has the slowest time and the

highest average in terms of exterminating the mosquitoes.

Table III shows whether the researchers reject the null hypothesis using the data in the

table. Since the computed value of F is larger than the tabular value of F, the researchers used

this as a justification to reject the null hypothesis since there is a significant difference between

the 4 set-ups in terms of its effectiveness in exterminating mosquitoes.

Table IV: Measurement of Area (Cage) with coil in inches

Width Length Height Diameter (coil)

11 12 12 4.5

Table IV shows the measurement of area with coil. Since the experimentation was

conducted inside of the cage, the estimated area of the smoke is 46 inches with a height of 12

inches. The measurement of the coils is 4.5 inches, each coil can last approximately an hour

(1hr.).

Conclusion:
 16

CONCLUSION

Based on analysis of each collected data with correct procedures, the researchers

therefore conclude that both organic and commercialized products did very well in terms of

exterminating large groups of mosquitoes but in terms of time-efficiency in exterminating

mosquitoes, the commercialized product was the most preferable one. The organic product was

still the best alternative coil because although it was slower in exterminating mosquitoes but in

terms of pleasantness of scent, eco-friendly components, and its effect on people's health, the

organic product will surely be the most preferable one in overall standards.
 17

RECOMMENDATIONS

For a more comprehensive investigation, the researchers highly recommend the

following:

1. The plant extract must be tested on other insects and pest to further discover its

exterminating capabilities.
 18

2. Further studies on the utilization of the other parts about Cymbopogon Citratus, Garlic

clove skin, and Azadirachta Indica must also be made to discover its Exterminating

potentials.

3. The plant extract may contain other medicinal and exterminating properties that can be

used for different experimentation.

4. The coil molder must not be shallow for the coil to form its shape

5. The amount of Mosquito larvae collected must be Controlled.

REFERENCES

Electronic Journal
 19

An, N. T. G., Huong, L. T., Satyal, P., Tai, T. A., Dai, D. N., Hung, N. H., ... & Setzer, W. N.
(2020). Mosquito larvicidal activity, antimicrobial activity, and chemical compositions
of essential oils from four species of Myrtaceae from central Vietnam. Plants, 9(4), 544.

Dua, V. K., Pandey, A. C., Raghavendra, K., Gupta, A., Sharma, T., & Dash, A. P. (2009).
Larvicidal activity of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) formulation against mosquitoes.
Malaria Journal, 8(1), 1-6.

Nazeer, A. A., Rajan, H. V., Vijaykumar, S. D., & Saravanan, M. (2019). Evaluation of
larvicidal and repellent activity of nanocrystal emulsion synthesized from F. glomerata
and neem oil against mosquitoes. Journal of Cluster Science, 30(6), 1649-1661.

Kaura, T., Mewara, A., Zaman, K., Sharma, A., Agrawal, S. K., Thakur, V., ... & Sehgal, R.
(2019). Utilizing larvicidal and pupicidal efficacy of Eucalyptus and neem oil against
Aedes mosquito: An approach for mosquito control. Tropical parasitology, 9(1), 12.

Ojewumi, M. E., Banjo, M. G., Ogunbiyi, T. A., Ayoola, A. A., Awolu, O. O., & Ojewumi, E. O.
(2017). Analytical investigation of the extract of lemon grass leaves in repelling
mosquito. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(5), 1000-
1008.

Shukla, D., Wijayapala, S., & Vankar, P. S. (2018). Effective mosquito repellent from plant-
based formulation. International Journal of Mosquito Research, 5(1), 19-24.

Rusnanda, R., Ramadhini, M., & Putra, W. S. (2021). Utilization of waste from refined
lemongrass for producing mosquito repellent. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and
Environmental Science (Vol. 644, No. 1, p. 012060). IOP Publishing.

Sheikh, Z. K., & Mate, P. C. (2020). A Review on: Herbal Mosquito Repellent. International
Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 11(7).

Ngo, J. K., Leyva, G. N. C., Mariano, S. P. P., Pingol, S. J. A., & Ramirez, R. B. (2020, April).
Determining The Effectiveness of Neem and Papaya Leaves as Mosquito Repellent
Coil. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1529, No. 3, p. 032052). IOP
Publishing.
 20

Benelli, G., Canale, A., Toniolo, C., Higuchi, A., Murugan, K., Pavela, R., & Nicoletti, M.
(2017). Neem (Azadirachta indica): towards the ideal insecticide. Natural product
research, 31(4), 369-386.

Websites

Goba, Ruta. Homemade mosquito repellant DIY: Easy to make and all natural. Mediavine
Home, 2021. https://insectcop.net/homemade-mosquito-repellent-diy/ (accessed April 2,
2021).

Baldacchino, F., Tramut, C., Salem, A., Liénard, E., Delétré, E., Franc, M., Martin, T., Duvallet,
G., & Jay-Robert, P. (2013). The repellency of lemongrass oil against stable flies, tested
using video tracking. Parasite (Paris, France), 20, 21.
https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2013021 (accessed March 21, 2013)

Patterson, Dean. Garlic to water ratio for bug repellent: Home guides. San Francisco: Hearst
newspaper, 2019. https://homeguides.sfgate.com/garlic-water-ratio-bug-repellent-
88909.html (accessed November 4, 2019)

Rentokil. 2021. Is Lemongrass the Most Effective Mosquito Repellent?. [online] Available at:
<https://www.rentokil.com.sg/my-pest-control-quick-tips/pest-myths/is-lemongrass-the-
most-effective-mosquito-repellent/> [accessed 3 March 2019].

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 21

The researchers wish to express their deepest gratitude and warmest appreciation to the

following people, who, in any way have contributed and inspired the researchers to the

overall success of the undertaking:

• To Ms. Angel May B. Ladrera, for the guidance and assistance during the experiment of

the study.

• To our parents, for providing the materials that we needed for our study, and unending

support and encouragement

• To our co-researchers, for helping each other throughout the entire experiment of the

study

• Above all, to the almighty god for the life, knowledge, skills and safety he bestowed

upon the researchers that paved the way for the success of the study.

APPENDICES
 22

A. Proposal budget

Materials Cost (PHP)

Lemon grass (6 pieces) PHP 60.00
Neem leaves PHP 0.00
Garlic Clove skins PHP 0.00
Cement PHP 0.00
Net PHP 0.00
TOTAL COST PHP 60.00

Others Cost (PHP)

Gasoline (Diesel) PHP 500.00

Computer Time and Personnel Cost PHP 0.00
(Internet)
TOTAL COST PHP 500.00

Report Reproduction Cost (PHP)

Computer Time and Personal Cost PHP 0.00

(Word Processing)

Communication PHP 0.00

TOTAL PHP 0.00

B. Schedule of Activities

Activities Time Frame (in

days)
A. Planning Stage
Choosing of Study 2
Gather Information 14
Subtotal 16
B. Implementation Stage
 23

Combining Data 4
Encoding 7
Subtotal 11
C. Experimentation Data
Buying of Materials 30
Experiment 46
Observation 5
Subtotal 81
D. Analysis Stage
Analyze 4
Data
Analyze the research report 6
Subtotal 10
E. Reporting Stage
Present findings at conference 0
TOTAL 118

C. Pictures and illustrations

Drying and blending of Neem plant

(Azadirachta Indica)
 24

Gathering of materials

Extraction and gathering of Lemon

Blending of Garlic Glove skins. grass oil

Making of Mosquito coil mold Mixing of components

Molding the three (3) components Outcome (product)

 25

Growing of Mosquito Larvae inside Gathering of Mosquito larvae

a sealed box

Testing of Product inside the sealed

box with full grown Mosquitoes

D. Definition of terms

Azadirachta Indica- Scientific name of neem plant

Cymbopogon citratus- Scientific name of Lemongrass

Exterminate- To destroy completely or to kill.

 26

Garlic Clove skin- A thin outer layer of Garlic protecting its Clove from outside bacterias.

Larvae- Plural of Larva, an immature form of other animals that undergo some

metamorphosis.

Mortality rate- the number of deaths in a given area or period, or from a particular cause.