SAMPLING, ANALISIS SAMPEL DAN
DATA ASSAY
DR. ARIFUDIN IDRUS
Department of Geological Engineering
Universitas Gadjah Mada - Yogyakarta
E-mail: arifidrus@ugm.ac.id
Sampling
Sampling is a process of taking a part of lot ( total collection of material) on which
determination will be carried out; each part of the lot must have an equal probability of
being selected into the sample.
Key word : representatives
Sample is different with specimens
In production, sampling commonly taken by drilling process
SAMPLING GEOKIMIA
Objectives:
Mendapatkan suatu bagian yang representatif untuk suatu
material target yang tertentu.
Untuk mendapatkan bagian yang representatif harus diperhatikan
faktor-faktor :
1. Geological variability
2. Special problems with particulate elements like gold
3. Kontaminasi
- di lapangan
- di lab
4. Quality control
- sampling
- analysis
OBJECTIVES:
1. Search for mineralization
2. Assessment of the mineralization found
TAHAP-TAHAP PENCONTOAN – ANALYSIS GEOKIMIA :
1. Sampling
- orientation
- Spacing
- Method of collection Geologist
2. Sample Selection Responsibility
- Mass Reduction
(usually in the field)
3. Sample preparation
- Mass and Particle size reduction
4. Analysis
Lab Responsibility
- Dissolution
- Concentration
- Determination
Channel Sampling
Urutannya
1. Target outcrop
2. Pembersihan
3. Buat akses dan posisi aman
4. Penandaan batas sampling yg continuous
5. Pemotongan (10-15 cm depth, lebar 10-15cm)
6. Pendataan oleh geos
7. Pengambilan batunya sesuai target batas
8. pemotongan dan penomoran
9. dst. seperti sample biasa
Drilling : Grade Control - RC
Reverse circulation drilling (RC) Air flow goes down the annulus between
the rod wall and the inner tube, across
the face of the bit and back up the inner
tube
A venture effect is create by splitting the
air stream
Sample : cutting
Drilling : Grade Control by Core Drilling
Core drilling for deep holes
provides full sample recovery
below the water table from man-
portable to skid-mounted to truck-
mounted.
Sample : core
Channel & Drilling – Vein Type
Drilling Design
5m x10m staggered grid in the ore/mineralised zone
10m by 10m rectangular grid in the waste zones. If ore is encountered in the waste
then this pattern will make infill drilling easier and it will tie in with the ore pattern
ORE WASTE Ore encounter in Waste
SITE VISIT REVIEW
SUKABUMI Pb-Zn SKARN PROJECT
Arifudin Idrus, ST., MT., DR., IPU.
Senior Economic Geologist
Pb-Zn Skarn Drilling Project - Sukabumi
PbZn Ore Body Inferred Fault
Several Facts
• Limestone-skarnified ore mineralization
Hole: ZK-6-13
Several Facts
• Volcanics-skarnified ore mineralization
Hole: ZK-4-8
Ore Mineralization is opened to east and west
However, it will be going deeper more costly
QAQC
Assay result must have good accuracy and precision.
How we control ?
Quality control materials is inserted every certain number of samples.
Those quality control material such as :
CRM ( Certified Reference Material ) :
Purpose : Significant variations from the recommended values of certified reference materials
indicate that bias is present in the laboratory procedure and rectification is in order.
Rig Duplicate : The primary sample and duplicate are expected to have the same assay results.
Coarse Blank : Barren material-near or at the detection limit
placed as the leading QC material to check possible contamination from the previous batch of
sample analysis.
QAQC
“ Precision and Accuracy ”
Precision : a measure of how close to the same value are different analyses
of the same material by the same method ≈ reproducibility,
repeatability
Accuracy: a measure of how close the reported results are to the “true”
or actual value
Eksplorasi – Vein Type: Contoh
Eksplorasi Output :
1) Peta Litologi
2) Peta alterasi dan mineralisasi
(sebaran urat)
Pemetaan geologi, 3) Penampang model vein/urat
alterasi, mineralisasi 4) Database geologi (GIS, excel)
5) Laporan Teknis Hasil Eksplorasi
Data Singkapan Pemukaan
Sample Evaluasi: lanjut atau tidak?
Ekstensi Urat/Vein QA/
QC Potensi urat terpenuhi:
Permukaan
1. Ekstensi >200 m – 500 m
2. Ketebalan urat atau
Survey zonasi >2 m
Survey Topografi Geodet 3. Kadar urat >2 ppm Au,
Assay Pemboran
spot >10 ppm Au
4. Karakter urat dan logam inti
terbaca.
Peta Geologi / Litologi 5. Terdapat anomali positif
dari geofisika
Survey Geofisika
Peta Alterasi -
Mineralisasi
Interpretasi bawah
permukaan
Output :
Pemboran Inti 1) Jumlah vein di bawah permukaan
2) Dimensi vein
3) Penampang model vein/urat
4) Kadar bijih
Interpretasi Model Urat 5) Database geologi (GIS, excel)
6) Laporan Teknis Hasil Eksplorasi
Long-section model
Evaluasi: lanjut atau tidak?
Jumlah, dimensi
Target penembusan
dan kadar vein
dan rencana titik bor
(sesuai target
Interpretasi 2D/3D Sumberdaya
manajemen)
Survey
Geodet
[contoh : 500 kg
Au atau 2 Ton Au]
Database
Pelaksanaan pemboran
Laporan Teknis
Hasil Eksplorasi
Assay
QA/
Percontoan inti bor QC
QA/
QC CPI Endorse
Sample
