20 basic Command used in window 10

A command is an instruction given to a computer program that tells

the program what has to be done.
How To Open CMD In Windows
Opening Command Prompt in the Windows Operating System is as simple as a few clicks.

Step 1: Go to the Start Menu. This is at the bottom left of the screen. RUN.
Step 2: Type CMD in the search bar and hit Enter.

1) CD- Change Directory

This command allows users to change from one directory to another or move from one folder to
another

#2) Mkdir
This command is used when subdirectories are to be created within the directories.

Syntax: mkdir [<drive>:]<path>

3) REN: Rename
Syntax: ren [<drive>:][<path>]<filename1> <filename2>

4) ASSOC: Fix File Associations

This is one of the most basic and most common commands. It helps to associate (as the name
suggests) some file extensions to some program.
Syntax: assoc [.ext[=[fileType]]]
#4) IPCONFIG: IP Configuration
This command is extremely useful when troubleshooting for the network is required.
Syntax: ipconfig [/allcompartments]

#05) PathPing
This command serves the same purpose as that of TRACERT but yields more information. It
provides a detailed analysis of the route that a packet sent to a particular destination takes.

Syntax: pathping [/n] [/h <maximumhops>] [/g <hostlist>] [/p <Period>] [/q <numqueries> [/w
<timeout>]

#06) GETMAC Media Access Control

Media Access Control is a unique address that is assigned by the manufacturing company to all the
devices which meet the standards of IEE 802. This MAC address also helps users to keep control of
devices that are allowed to connect to the network.

Syntax: getmac[.exe][/s <computer> [/u <domain\<user> [/p <password>]]][/fo {table | list |

csv}][/nh][/v]
#07) NSLOOKUP- Name Server Lookup
This command helps the users to find the records pertaining to the name server of any domain name.

Syntax: nslookup [exit | finger | help | ls | lserver | root | server | set | view] [options]
Example: C:\Users\Username>nslookup

#08) ARP
Arp command allows the user to show, delete, and make additions to ARP information of the devices
on the network.

Syntax: arp [/a [<inetaddr>] [/n <ifaceaddr>]] [/g [<inetaddr>] [-n <ifaceaddr>]] [/d <inetaddr>
[<ifaceaddr>]] [/s <inetaddr> <etheraddr> [<ifaceaddr>]]
#09) NBTSTAT
This command helps to show all the current protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections
(NETBIOS over TCP/IP). It uses NBT to resolve issues related to NETBIOS name resolution.

Syntax: nbtstat [/a <remotename>] [/A <IPaddress>] [/c] [/n] [/r] [/R] [/RR] [/s] [/S] [<interval>]

10) Finger
This command helps to gather information about the user. This can include information related to the
last login, last read time for emails, etc.

Syntax: finger [-l] [<user>] [@<host>] […]

#11) Hostname
This command shows the hostname of the computer.

Syntax: hostname

12) Net
This command allows the user to see and find out details of the network settings and update and
solve network related issues.

Syntax: net [accounts | computer | config | continue | file | group | help | helpmsg | localgroup | name |
pause | print | send | session | share | start | statistics | stop | time | use | user | view]

#13) Route
This command is used to check and make changes to the route table of the computer.

Syntax: route [-f] [-p] [-4|-6] command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway] [METRIC metric]
[IF interface]
#14) Route
This command is used to check and make changes to the route table of the computer.

Syntax: route [-f] [-p] [-4|-6] command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway] [METRIC metric]
[IF interface]

#15) PING: Send Test Packets

This command is extremely useful, especially for IT Professionals. It helps the analyst run checks if
the computer is able to access and connect to another computer or another network. It also helps to
detect if there are any issues with the connection.

Syntax: PING [/t] [/a] [/n <count>] [/l <size>] [/f] [/I <TTL>] [/v <TOS>] [/r <count>] [/s <count>]
[{/j <hostlist> | /k <hostlist>}] [/w <timeout>] [/R] [/S <Srcaddr>] [/4] [/6] <targetname>
#16) FC File compare
The second most common command used is FC, also known as File Compare. This is an interesting
feature that allows comparing files that have been changed over time.

Example: FC File 1.txt File 2.txt

#17) POWERCFG: Power Configuration

This command gives a report of the power settings of the computer.

Example: powercfg /?

#18) SHUTDOWN: Turn off Computer

This command is a very resourceful command. By using this command, users can not just shut down
computers but also can control the process of the shutdown.

Example: shutdown/i
#19) SYSTEMINFO: System Information
This command helps to get system-related information like a network card, Windows OS, or details
of the processor.

Example: C:\Users\systeminfo

#20) SFC: System File Checker

This command helps to detect any malware or virus threat by running a scan on the core system files.
Example: C:\Users\SFC
20 basic commands of LINUX

#1) pwd: pwd command prints the current working directory.

Command: pwd

#2) whoami: This command will display the username for the user who is currently logged in
to the Linux terminal.
Command: whoami

3) w: This command will display the information on currently logged in users.

Command: w

4) uname: This command displays the information on the Linux computer on which you are
working.
Command: uname -a

5) top: This command will display the real-time data about your Linux machine.
Command: top
6) tar: tar stands for tape archive. This command is used for creating an archive file comprised of
many other files.
Command:
pwd
ls
ls directory1

7) tail: This command is used to enlist the last 10 lines of a file.

Command: tail DemoFile.txt
8) ps: This command enlists the processes that are running in the current shell.
Command: ps

9) ping: This is a highly useful command for troubleshooting network issues.

Command: ping www.google.com

10) mv: This is a very important command. mv stands for move.

Syntax: mv [filename] [destination-directory]
Command: mv DemoFile.txt /home/cpf657/kaushapx/test/parent/directory2
(11) mkdir: mkdir stands for make directory. This command is used for creating new directories in
the filesystem.
Syntax: mkdir [options…] [directories …

12) alias: This command is used to give your name to a command or a combination of commands.

Command: alias mv=move

13) diff: diff stands for the difference. This command is used to compare two text files and show
differences between them.
Command: diff file1 file2

14) echo: echo command will print the text on the terminal window. You can also pass environment
variables in echo command, as seen below.

15) find: This command is used to search for files and directories in a filesystem.
Command:
find . -name “*file*”
16) history: This command will show the commands that you have previously executed on the
command line.
history 10

17) head: The head command shows the top 10 lines of a file. To view the specific number of top
lines, use -n option.
Command: head -n 3 file2

(18) gzip: This command is used to compress a file.

Syntax: gzip [-options] filename
For Example,
gzip -v file1

19) Groups: This command displays the group names in which the user is a member.
Syntax: groups username
Command: groups kaushapx

20) less: This is a very useful command which you can use to view the contents of a file on the Linux
terminal itself without opening the file in the editor.
Syntax: less file_name