KALI LINUX TERMINAL COMMANDS & DESCRIPTIONS
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BASIC COMMANDS
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1. pwd - Print working directory
2. ls - List files and directories
3. cd <dir> - Change directory
4. mkdir <dir> - Create new directory
5. rmdir <dir> - Remove directory
6. touch <file> - Create new empty file
7. cp <src> <dest> - Copy file or directory
8. mv <src> <dest> - Move/rename file or directory
9. rm <file> - Delete file
10. cat <file> - Display file content
11. nano <file> - Open file in nano editor
12. clear - Clear terminal screen
13. history - Show command history
14. man <command> - Manual for a command
15. whoami - Show current user
16. su - Switch user
17. sudo <command> - Run command as superuser
18. apt update - Refresh package list
19. apt upgrade - Upgrade packages
20. reboot - Reboot system
21. shutdown now - Shutdown system
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NETWORK & INTERNET COMMANDS
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1. ifconfig / ip a - Show network interfaces
2. iwconfig - Show wireless interfaces
3. ping <host> - Check connectivity
4. traceroute <host> - Trace route to host
5. netstat -tulnp - Show listening ports
6. ss -tuln - View socket stats
7. nslookup <domain> - DNS lookup
8. dig <domain> - Advanced DNS lookup
9. nmap <target> - Network scanning
10. curl <url> - Transfer data from URLs
11. wget <url> - Download files
12. hostname -I - Show IP address
13. nmcli dev wifi - List available WiFi networks
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SYSTEM & HARDWARE
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1. uname -a - Kernel info
2. lscpu - CPU info
3. lsblk - Block devices
4. df -h - Disk usage
5. free -h - RAM usage
6. top / htop - Process monitor
7. ps aux - Running processes
8. kill <PID> - Terminate process
9. reboot - Reboot system
10. dmesg | less - Boot logs
11. lspci / lsusb - PCI / USB device info
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ETHICAL HACKING / SECURITY TOOLS
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1. nmap - Network mapper
Example: nmap -sS -A <IP>
2. hydra - Brute-force login cracker
Example: hydra -l admin -P rockyou.txt <IP> http-get
3. metasploit - Exploitation framework
Start with: msfconsole
4. wireshark - Packet analyzer GUI
5. tcpdump - Packet analyzer CLI
6. sqlmap - SQL injection automation
Example: sqlmap -u "http://site.com/index.php?id=1" --dbs
7. aircrack-ng - Wireless network security tools
8. john - Password cracker
9. hashcat - Advanced password recovery
10. nikto - Web server scanner
11. burpsuite - Web vulnerability scanner
12. gobuster / dirb - Directory brute-forcing
13. netdiscover - Network reconnaissance
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MISC COMMANDS
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1. locate <file> - Find file quickly
2. find / -name <file> - Full system search
3. chmod +x <file> - Make file executable
4. chown user:group <file> - Change file ownership
5. tar -xvf / -cvf - Extract / Create tar archive
6. zip / unzip - Compress / Extract .zip files
7. echo $PATH - Show executable path
8. export PATH=$PATH:/new - Add directory to PATH
9. crontab -e - Edit scheduled tasks
10. uptime - Show system uptime
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CHECK INTERNET CONNECTION
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ping -c 3 google.com
curl -Is http://google.com | head -n 1
