The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It describes the main internal hardware components such as the processor, motherboard, chipset, hard disk, RAM, BIOS, and CMOS. It explains that the processor executes instructions, the motherboard connects and allows communication between components, and the chipset manages data flow. It also distinguishes between system software which interfaces with hardware and application software which performs tasks for the user. The aim was to familiarize the basic computer functions, hardware, ports, memory, and types of software.
The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It describes the main internal hardware components such as the processor, motherboard, chipset, hard disk, RAM, BIOS, and CMOS. It explains that the processor executes instructions, the motherboard connects and allows communication between components, and the chipset manages data flow. It also distinguishes between system software which interfaces with hardware and application software which performs tasks for the user. The aim was to familiarize the basic computer functions, hardware, ports, memory, and types of software.
The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It describes the main internal hardware components such as the processor, motherboard, chipset, hard disk, RAM, BIOS, and CMOS. It explains that the processor executes instructions, the motherboard connects and allows communication between components, and the chipset manages data flow. It also distinguishes between system software which interfaces with hardware and application software which performs tasks for the user. The aim was to familiarize the basic computer functions, hardware, ports, memory, and types of software.
The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It describes the main internal hardware components such as the processor, motherboard, chipset, hard disk, RAM, BIOS, and CMOS. It explains that the processor executes instructions, the motherboard connects and allows communication between components, and the chipset manages data flow. It also distinguishes between system software which interfaces with hardware and application software which performs tasks for the user. The aim was to familiarize the basic computer functions, hardware, ports, memory, and types of software.
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Experiment No:1 Date: 26/11/2021
Familiarization of computer system – Hardware and software
Aim: To familiarize the basic functions of Computer, to identify the internal and external hardware/peripheral components, ports/interfaces, memory devices, and types of software. Theory: Hardware: Hardware represents the physical components of a computer like its electronics parts. Eg: motherboard, processor, Memory, Hard Disk, Monitor, Printer, Mouse, SMPS, other cards etc. Processor: It is the main execution component. System on Chip (SoC) type processors contains control unit, ALU and Cache memory. Intel is the largest processor manufacturer for Desktops and Servers, but not for smartphones. Qualcomm is major company for quadcore/octacore Snapdragon smartphone processors. Intel Celeron G 470 is one of the cheapest processors. Intel core series is popular one. Core i5 and Core i7 are apt for graphic uses. Motherboard: is the most important h/w component as all other components are connected to it and communicate through it. Intel makes the best motherboards, suitable for their processors. Gigabyte and Asus also make low-cost motherboard brands compatible for Intel and AMD processors. USB ports, graphics, sound, wifi, BT etc are integrated in motherboard. Chipset: It is a set of electronic components in an integrated circuit that manages the data flow between the processor, memory and peripherals. It is usually found on the motherboard. Chipsets are usually designed to work with a specific family of microprocessors. Because it controls communications between the processor and external devices, the chipset plays a crucial role in determining system performance. Harddisk: It saves data and files permanently. Since it is a magnetic device, it is much slower than processor and RAM. SSD (Solid state drive) is newly used storage for same purpose of HDD. SSD can also be used side by side with HDD. SSDs don't need electric motor to rotate disks as it doesn’t have disks or any moving mechanical parts as in HDD. RAM: Program and data have to be brought to RAM from HDD for execution. It is mainly a semiconductor device (flip flops). So, it has speed matching to that of Processor. Size of the RAM decides speed of execution. The more the size, more data and program can be placed in RAM and quickly delivered to processor. Minimum RAM required is 2GB. 4GB is optimum and 8GB is recommended for highend graphics/games applications. Cost doubles or rather increases when size increases. BIOS: It is a computer chip on the motherboard. This chip contains a special program that helps the computer processor to interact and control the other components like disc drives, video cards, sound cards, network cards, floppy drives, USB ports, hard drives, and others. CMOS: It stores information about the computer components settings like system time, date and other configuration settings. 3Volt CR2032 is a specification. CMOS battery gives power to CMOS chip. Software: Software represents the program(s) which perform different tasks on a computer system. It is a programming code which is executed by CPU, which can take instructions from input devices.
Software is classified into two divisions - System software and Application
software.
System Software is the type of software which is the interface between
application software and system. It is used for operating computer hardware. Eg: operating systems, compiler, assembler, debugger, driver, etc.
Application Software is the type of software which runs as per user request. It runs on the platform which is provided by system software. It is used by user to perform specific task. Eg: word processor, web browser, media player, etc
Procedure: Physically demonstrate the internal components, connections, ports, memory devices, networking devices. Also understood the concept of software, system software and application software. Result: Basic functions of Computer, various hardware components, ports/interfaces, memory devices and types of software are familiarized.
