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Matrix (Finding Inverse of A Matrix)

The document describes the method of finding the inverse of a 3x3 matrix using row elementary operations. It involves the following steps: 1) Convert the first element of the matrix to 1 using row operations. 2) Convert the elements in the first row and column below and to the right of the leading 1 to 0. 3) Continue applying row operations to convert the matrix into the identity matrix. 4) The inverse is then the matrix obtained after these row operations.

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Rudresh Kumar Dubey
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136 views3 pages

Matrix (Finding Inverse of A Matrix)

The document describes the method of finding the inverse of a 3x3 matrix using row elementary operations. It involves the following steps: 1) Convert the first element of the matrix to 1 using row operations. 2) Convert the elements in the first row and column below and to the right of the leading 1 to 0. 3) Continue applying row operations to convert the matrix into the identity matrix. 4) The inverse is then the matrix obtained after these row operations.

Uploaded by

Rudresh Kumar Dubey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Method of finding inverse of a 3x3 matrix using row elementary operations

a b c

[ ]
Consider a 3x3 matrix A = d e f
x y z
here we apply elementary operations to convert matrix A into

an identity matrix of order 3x3 in the equation given below.

A=IA whatever operations are applied on matrix A on LHS of this equation same operation is
also applied on matrix I(on RHS) the identity matrix also.In order to apply this method conveniently an
order should be followed to convert matrix A into an identity matrix .The required order is given below.

Step1 change element ‘a ‘ into 1 using suitable elementary row operation.

Step 2 change ‘d’ and ‘x’ elements of matrix A into 0 using suitable elementary row operation.

Step 3 change element ‘e ‘ into 1 using suitable elementary row operation.

Step 4 change ‘b’ and ‘y’ elements of matrix A into 0 using suitable elementary row operation.

Step5 change element ‘z ‘ into 1 using suitable elementary row operation.

Step 6 change ‘c’ and ‘f’ elements of matrix A into 0 using suitable elementary row operation.

Here steps 2,4and 6 can be split into two steps to make calculations easier.One more point should be
noted here that in all steps only row operations should be used .

2 −3 3

text exercise 3.4 )


[
Above steps are illustrated below in finding inverse of matrix A= 2 2 3
3 −2 2 ] (Q. No.15 of NCERT

2 −3 3 1 0 0
Starting equation ,
[ 2 2 3
3 −2 2 ] [ ]
= 0 1 0A
0 0 1

Operating R1  R1 /2 (Read as R1 changes to R1 /2 )

1 −3 /2 3/2 1/2 0 0

[ 2 2
3 −2
3
2 ] [ = 0 1 0A
0 0 1 ]
Operating R2  R2 -2R1

1 −3/2 3/2 1/2 0 0

[ 0 5
3 −2
0
2 ] [ =
]
−1 1 0 A
0 0 1

Operating R3  R3 -3R1

1 −3/ 2 3/2 1/2 0 0

[ 0 5 0
0 5 /2 −5 /2 ] [ = −1 1 0 A
−3/2 0 1 ]
Operating R2  R2 /5

1 −3/ 2 3/2 1/2 0 0

[ 0 1 0
0 5 /2 −5 /2 ] [ = −1/5 1/5 0 A
−3/2 0 1 ]
Operating R3  R3 - (5/2) R2

1 −3/ 2 3/2 1/2 0 0

[ 0
0
1
0
0
−5 /2 ] [ = −1/5 1/5 0 A
−1 −1/2 1 ]
Operating R1  R1 +(3/2)R2

1 0 3 /2 1/5 3/10 0

[ 0 1 0
0 0 −5 /2 ] [ = −1/5 1/5 0 A
−1 −1/2 1 ]
Operating R3 (-2/5) R3

1 0 3 /2 1/5 3 /10 0

[ 0 1 0
0 0 1 ] [ = −1/5 1/5
2/5
0 A
1/5 −2/5 ]
Operating R1 R1 –(3/2) R3

1 0 0 −2/5 0 3/5

[ ] [
0 1 0
0 0 1
= −1/5 1/ 5 0 A
2/5 1/ 5 −2/5 ]
Now matrix on LHS is converted into an identity matrix hence matrix on RHS will represent inverse of

−2/5 0 3/5

[
given matrix A , A-1 = −1/5 1/5
2/5
0
1/5 −2/5 ]
Practice Questions

Find inverse of matrices given below using elementary row operations.

1 3 −2 1 −2/5 −3/5
1). A =
[ −3 0 −5
2 5 0 ] Ans
[ −2/5 4 /25 11 /25
−3/25 1/25 9/25 ]
2 0 −1 3 −1 1

[
2). B = 5 1 0
0 1 3 ] Ans
[ −15 6 −5
5 −2 2 ]

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