IGCSE Physics

Past Papers-P2
2012-2021
4PHO/4PH1 by
Al Hasanat Rasul,
Froebel’s InternatIonal
School
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Paper: 2P

Wednesday 18 January 2012 – Morning Paper Reference

Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2P

Materials required for examination. Total Marks
Ruler, calculator

Instructions
t Use black ink or ball-point pen.
t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
t Answer all questions.
t – there may bequestions
Answer the in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
t Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t your
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
t The total mark for this paper is 60.
t – use this asfora guide
The marks each question are shown in brackets
as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
t Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Keep an eye on the time.
t Try toyour
Write answers neatly and in good English.
t Checkanswer every question.
t your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P40139A
©2012 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P40139A0116*
1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× × r
orbital speed = v =
time period T

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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*P40139A0216*
 Answer ALL questions.
1 The diagram shows a wave on the sea.

A C
B

(a) (i) Which letter shows the wavelength of the wave?

(1)
A
B
C
D

(ii) Which letter shows the amplitude of the wave?

(1)
A
B
C
D

(b) A man watches some waves pass his boat.

He sees the crest of the waves pass him every 5 s.
Calculate the frequency of these waves.
(2)

Frequency = .............................................................. Hz

(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)

3
*P40139A0316* Turn over
2 Two students, Jenny and Cho, are investigating motion.
Jenny walks in a straight line.
Cho measures the distance Jenny has walked at 10 s intervals.
(a) State two measuring instruments the students should use.
(2)

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(b) The table shows their measurements.

Time in s Distance walked in m

0 0
10 14
20 19
30 24
40 28
50 30
60 31

4
*P40139A0416*
 Draw a graph of distance against time for this data.
(3)
–

35 –

30 –

25 –
distance
walked 20 –
in m
15 –

10 –

5–

0–
–

–
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
time in s

(c) How far had Jenny walked after 35 s?

(1)

Distance walked = .............................................................. m

(d) (i) Describe how Jenny’s speed changed during the investigation.
(1)

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(ii) What feature of the graph shows this change?

(1)

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(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)

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*P40139A0516* Turn over
3 This question is about electrostatic charges.
(a) Complete the sentences using words from the box.
Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(2)

electrons negative neutral neutrons positive protons

When a plastic rod is rubbed with a cloth, the plastic rod gains ..............................................................

After the plastic rod has been rubbed with the cloth, the plastic rod has a

........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . charge.

(b) Electrostatic charges can be useful during paint spraying.

(i) The droplets of paint are given the same charge as they leave the sprayer.
Explain why this is an advantage.
(2)

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*P40139A0616*
 (ii) The droplets of paint are positively charged.
The object being painted is given a negative charge.
Explain why this is an advantage.
(2)

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(c) Give one hazard caused by electrostatic charges and state how the risk from this
hazard can be reduced.
(2)

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(Total for Question 3 = 8 marks)

7
*P40139A0716* Turn over
4 The picture shows a runner.

(a) As he runs, the runner gets hot.

To avoid overheating, his body sweats.
As the sweat evaporates, it cools his body.
Use ideas about particles to explain why evaporation leads to cooling.
(3)

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8
*P40139A0816*
 (b) At the end of a long race, runners are given a shiny foil sheet to wear.
This stops them cooling down too quickly.

(i) Suggest why a runner might cool down too quickly if he does not wear a foil sheet.
(2)

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(ii) Explain how the foil sheet reduces heat loss.

(2)

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(Total for Question 4 = 7 marks)

9
*P40139A0916* Turn over
5 A student investigates the principle of moments.
He connects a ruler to a stand with a pivot.
He hangs a 2 N weight from the 60 cm mark on the ruler.
He uses a forcemeter to hold the ruler horizontal.
The scale on the forcemeter reads from 0 N to 10 N.

ruler
pivot

2 N weight
stand

(a) How could the student check that the ruler is horizontal?
(2)

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(b) (i) State the equation linking moment, force and distance from the pivot.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the moment of the 2 N weight.

State the unit.
(3)

Moment = ........................................... Unit ...............................

10
*P40139A01016*
 (c) The student holds the ruler horizontal with the forcemeter at the 10 cm mark.
He expects the reading on the forcemeter to be 12 N.
The actual reading is 10 N.
(i) Explain why the correct reading should be larger than 12 N.
(2)

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(ii) Explain why the actual reading is only 10 N.

(1)

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(d) A picture in the student’s textbook shows two fishermen using a pole to carry some fish.

A B
pole

fish

Fisherman A and fisherman B feel different forces on their shoulders.

Use ideas about moments to explain why fisherman A feels the larger force.
(3)

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(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)

11
*P40139A01116* Turn over
6 The diagram shows a coal-fired power station.

steam

water

furnace
and boiler condenser turbines generator transformer

(a) (i) In which part of the power station is heat energy usefully converted to kinetic
energy?
(1)
A boiler
B turbine
C generator
D wires

(ii) In which part of the power station is kinetic energy usefully converted to
electrical energy?
(1)
A boiler
B turbine
C generator
D wires

12
*P40139A01216*
 (b) A transformer is used to convert the 25 kV output from the power station to 115 kV.
(i) State the equation linking power, voltage and current.
(1)

(ii) Compare the input current and the output current of the transformer.
Assume there are no energy losses in the transformer.
(3)

(iii) State one advantage of transmitting electricity at high voltages.

(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(c) Some power stations use uranium as a fuel.

Describe the problems that arise from the disposal of waste from this type of power
station.
(4)

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(Total for Question 6 = 11 marks)

13
*P40139A01316* Turn over
7 A student blows up two balloons to the same size.
She puts one balloon into a freezer.
After a while, the student compares the two balloons.
The balloon that has been cooled is smaller.

(a) Use ideas about particles to explain why the cooled balloon is smaller.
(4)

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14
*P40139A01416*
 (b) The student decides to investigate the link between temperature and the size of
the balloon.
She writes a plan.

I will change the temperature of the balloon by putting

it into a freezer.
To get a range of different temperatures I will put the
balloon into the freezer for different times.
I will measure the temperature of the balloon using a
thermometer.
To measure the size of the balloon I will take it out of
the freezer and line it up next to a ruler.
To make sure it is a fair test I will repeat the
experiment three times.
I will plot a graph of size against temperature.

There are several faults in the student’s plan.

Identify three of these faults and suggest an improvement to correct each one.
(6)

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3 . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 7 = 10 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

15
*P40139A01516*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Edexcel Certificate Centre Number Candidate Number

Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P

Paper Reference
Wednesday 30 May 2012 – Afternoon
KPH0/2P
Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2P

Materials required for examination. Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
t Use black ink or ball-point pen.
t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
t Answer all questions.
t Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
t Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
t The
The total mark for this paper is 60.
t – usemarks for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
t Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
Keep on the time.
t Try to answer everyneatly and in good English.
t Check your answersquestion.
t if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P41543A
©2012 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P41543A0120*
1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

2
*P41543A0220*
 Answer ALL questions.
1 The diagram shows the orbits of some objects in the Solar System.

Sun

(a) (i) Path X is the orbit of a

(1)
A comet
B galaxy
C planet
D star

(ii) Path Y is the orbit of a

(1)
A comet
B galaxy
C planet
D star

(b) The objects are held in orbit by

(1)
A electrostatic force
B frictional force
C gravitational force
D magnetic force

(Total for Question 1 = 3 marks)

3
*P41543A0320* Turn over
2 A microphone is connected to an oscilloscope to display a sound wave.
The diagram shows the trace on the oscilloscope screen.

The oscilloscope settings are:

Y direction: 1 square = 1 V
X direction: 1 square = 0.001 s
(a) (i) How many time periods are shown on the trace?
(1)

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(ii) What is the frequency of the sound wave?

(2)

Frequency = ........................................ Hz

4
*P41543A0420*
(b) On the grid below, sketch the trace of a sound wave with a smaller amplitude and
a higher frequency than the wave shown by the dotted line.
(2)

(Total for Question 2 = 5 marks)

5
*P41543A0520* Turn over
3 (a) State what is meant by the term magnetic field line.
(1)

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(b) The diagram shows a cross-section through a wire placed between two magnetic poles.
The wire carries electric current into the page at X.
The shape of the magnetic field is shown.

S pole

wire

magnetic
field line
X

N pole

(i) Add arrows to any two lines to show the direction of the magnetic field.
(1)
(ii) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the force on the wire.
Label this arrow F.
(2)
(c) Describe the magnetic field in the region inside the dotted square.
(2)

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(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)

6
*P41543A0620*
4 A student measures the diameter of a coin.
She uses the digital caliper shown in the photograph.

The digital caliper gives readings to the nearest 0.01 mm.

(a) The student measures the diameter of the coin eight times.
Her readings are shown below.

(i) Circle the anomalous reading.

(1)
(ii) Calculate the average diameter of the coin.
(3)

Average = ................................................. mm

7
*P41543A0720* Turn over
 (b) The student wants to find the thickness of a coin.
She takes several similar coins and measures them together as shown.

She says:

If I measure all the coins at once and

divide this value by the number of coins
it will be more accurate.

Do you agree with the student?

Explain why.
(2)

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8
*P41543A0820*
 (c) The student wants to find the density of the coin.
She uses her values for the diameter and thickness of the coin to calculate its volume.
What else must she do to find the density of the coin?
(3)

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(Total for Question 4 = 9 marks)

9
*P41543A0920* Turn over
5 A student uses a rectangular glass block to determine the refractive index of glass.
The diagram shows a ray of red light in air as it enters the glass block at P.
The normal at P is shown as a dotted line.

glass block

(a) Complete the diagram by

‡ drawing the ray that continues inside the block
‡ labelling the angle of incidence (i) and the angle of refraction (r)
‡ drawing the ray that leaves the block.
(4)

10
*P41543A01020*
 (b) The student measures values for the angle of incidence (i) and the angle of refraction (r).

i 60°
r 34°
sin i
sin r

(i) Complete the table by inserting values for sin i and sin r.
(1)
(ii) State the equation that links refractive index, angle of incidence (i) and angle
of refraction (r).
(1)

(iii) Calculate the refractive index of the glass.

(2)

Refractive index = .....................................

(c) How should the student continue the investigation to obtain a more accurate value
for the refractive index of glass?
(3)

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(Total for Question 5 = 11 marks)

11
*P41543A01120* Turn over
6 A washing machine has an electric motor and an electric heater.

The resistance of the heater is 22.

The mains voltage is 230 V.
(a) (i) State the equation linking voltage, current and resistance.
(1)

(ii) Show that the current in the heater is about 10 A when it is working.
(2)

12
*P41543A01220*
 (b) The washing machine is fitted with a fuse rated at 13 A.
(i) Explain why the washing machine is fitted with a fuse.
(2)

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(ii) When the motor is working, the current in it is 1.74 A.

Explain why it would not be sensible to replace the 13 A fuse with a 2 A fuse.
(2)

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(Total for Question 6 = 7 marks)

13
*P41543A01320* Turn over
7 Supermarkets use conveyer belts to move shopping at the till.
The diagram shows a carton of milk being pulled along by a horizontal conveyer belt.

belt
milk movement of belt

The horizontal force on the carton from the belt is 1.7 N.

The carton moves a distance of 0.46 m.
(a) (i) State the equation linking work done, force and distance.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the work done moving the carton.

(2)

Work done = ..................................... J

(iii) State how much energy is transferred to the carton.
(1)

Energy transferred = ..................................... J

14
*P41543A01420*
 (b) The belt stops suddenly and the carton falls over.

milk
(i) How does this affect the kinetic energy of the carton?
(1)

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(ii) Why does falling over reduce the gravitational potential energy of the carton?
(1)

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(Total for Question 7 = 6 marks)

15
*P41543A01520* Turn over
8 The table shows the nature of alpha and beta particles.

Particle Nature
alpha helium nucleus
beta electron

Explain why alpha particles and beta particles have different penetrating powers.
(5)

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(Total for Question 8 = 5 marks)

16
*P41543A01620*
9 A student is playing a game with some empty tins.

2 3

4 5 6

(a) He throws a wet cloth of mass 0.15 kg at the tins.

The wet cloth moves at a velocity of 6.0 m/s.
(i) State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the momentum of the wet cloth and give the unit.
(3)

Momentum = .......................................... unit.......................

17
*P41543A01720* Turn over
 (iii) The wet cloth sticks to tin 1.

wet cloth

2 3

4 5 6

The mass of tin 1 is 0.050 kg.

The cloth and tin 1 move away together.
Calculate their velocity.
(2)

Velocity = ..................................... m/s

18
*P41543A01820*
 (b) The student throws a bigger wet cloth at the remaining tins.
This wet cloth sticks to tins 2 and 3 and they move away together.

wet cloth

4 5 6

The student concludes

I threw the cloth the same way, so the

velocity of tins 2 and 3 is the same as the
velocity of tin 1.

Do you agree with this conclusion?

Explain why.
(2)

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(Total for Question 9 = 8 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

19
*P41543A01920*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Edexcel Certificate Centre Number Candidate Number

Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P

Wednesday 16 January 2013 – Afternoon Paper Reference

Time: 1 hour KPH0/2P

4PH0/2P

Materials required for examination. Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
t Use black ink or ball-point pen.
t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
t Answer all questions.
t Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
t Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t your
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
t The total mark for this paper is 60.
t The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
t Keep
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
on the time.
t Try to answer everyneatly and in good English.
t Check your answersquestion.
t if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P43330A
©2013 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P43330A0124*
1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

energy transferred = current u voltage u time E = I uVut

pressure u volume = constant p1 uV1 = p2 uV2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

2
*P43330A0224*
 Answer ALL questions.
1 There are different types of ionising radiation.

(a) Complete the table to show the properties of each type.

(2)

Type of ionising radiation Charge Emitted by

alpha particle unstable nuclei
beta particle –1 unstable nuclei
gamma ray 0

(b) The diagram shows a machine which makes aluminium foil.

The machine uses a radioactive source to measure the thickness of the foil.

rollers radioactive source

detector aluminium foil

The radioactive source emits beta particles.

The output from the detector indicates the thickness of the foil.

Explain why beta particles are used, rather than alpha particles or gamma rays.
(3)

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4
*P43330A0424*
(c) The radioactive source contains strontium-90.

A strontium-90 nucleus emits a beta (β–) particle.

(i) Complete the equation to show how strontium-90 decays.
(1)
..............
90 0
38
Sr Y + –1–
..............

(ii) Which of these describes what happens to the strontium-90 nucleus when it
emits a beta (β–) particle?
(1)
A the number of protons stays the same
B the number of protons increases
C the number of neutrons stays the same
D the number of neutrons increases

(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

5
*P43330A0524* Turn over
2 A coal-fired power station and a wind turbine both produce electrical power.
The power station produces 1200 MW and the wind turbine produces 1.5 MW.

(a) Give one advantage of using wind turbines instead of a coal-fired power station to
produce electricity.
(1)

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(b) Coal-fired power stations are still in general use.

Explain why wind turbines have not replaced them.
(4)

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(Total for Question 2 = 5 marks)

6
*P43330A0624*
3 A student makes chains of elastic bands by joining them together with paperclips.
He uses a newtonmeter to stretch each chain along a metre rule, as shown in photograph A.

Photograph A
For each chain, he records

  
  
      
      

Then he calculates the difference in length for each chain.

(a) (i) Complete the table by calculating the missing value.
(1)

Length in cm
Number of Difference in
elastic bands When When length in cm
tension = 2 N tension = 1 N
1 8.1 7.5 0.6
2 20.2 18.2 2.0
3 31.7 29.3 2.4
4 43.7 40.3 3.4
5 56.3 51.6 4.7
6 67.6 62.5

8
*P43330A0824*
 (ii) Use the grid to plot a graph to show the relationship between the number of
elastic bands and the difference in length.
(5)

(iii) Describe your line of best fit.

(2)

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9
*P43330A0924* Turn over
 (b) Photograph B shows a paperclip in one of the chains against the same metre rule.

Photograph B

Use photograph B to estimate the length of this paperclip.

(2)

Length = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm

(c) Look again at photograph A.

Suggest two ways that the student could improve his measuring technique.
(2)

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2 . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 3 = 12 marks)

10
*P43330A01024*
4 On sunny days, birds can use a column of moving air to help them rise.
The diagram shows one of these air columns rising from hot rocks.

moving air

hot rocks

Describe how the process of convection causes this air movement.

(3)

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(Total for Question 4 = 3 marks)

11
*P43330A01124* Turn over
5 Photograph C shows how a student can use a claw hammer to pull a nail from a piece of wood.

claw hammer

nail

wood
pivot
Photograph C

(a) The mass of the hammer is 0.454 kg.

(i) Calculate the weight of the hammer.
(2)

Weight = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
(ii) From what point does this weight act?
(1)

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13
*P43330A01324* Turn over
(b) Photograph D shows the directions of two other forces on the hammer.

F1
(force on the hammer
from the hand)

distance 1

distance 2

F2
(force on the hammer pivot
from the nail)

Photograph D

(i) Draw an arrow on photograph D to show the force on the nail from the hammer.
(2)

14
*P43330A01424*
 (ii) Suggest two ways that the student could increase the moment on the hammer.
(2)

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2 . . . . . . ........................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 5 = 7 marks)

15
*P43330A01524* Turn over
6 In 1901, Marconi received the first radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean.
The signal was the letter S in Morse code (three ‘dots’) sent over and over again.
Each letter S was produced by quickly turning an electric spark on and off three times.
The graph shows how the strength of the signal changed with time.

Signal strength

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Time in s

(a) (i) The graph shows a digital signal.

Explain what is meant by a digital signal.
(2)

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16
*P43330A01624*
 (ii) Suggest two ways that this signal could be made to carry more information.
(2)

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2 . . . . . . ........................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) The frequency of Marconi’s radio wave was 820 kHz and the wavelength was 366 m.
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength for radio waves.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the speed of the radio waves Marconi received.

(2)

Speed of radio waves = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s

(c) Some people do not believe that Marconi received 820 kHz radio waves.

They think that the frequency was really twice as much: 1640 kHz.

If these people are correct, what wavelength radio waves did Marconi receive?
(1)

Wavelength = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m

17
*P43330A01724* Turn over
 (d) Other people do not think Marconi received a radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean at all.

They think the radio waves he received were really caused by electrostatic discharges
from storm clouds.

storm cloud

Explain what happens when a storm cloud discharges.

(3)

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. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 11 marks)

18
*P43330A01824*
7 A laptop battery charger contains a step-down transformer.

(a) The number of turns on the primary coil of a step-down transformer is

(1)
A the same as the number of secondary turns
B more than the number of secondary turns
C less than the number of secondary turns
D zero

(b) This transformer is designed to reduce the voltage from 230 V to 12 V.

The primary current is 0.25 A.

(i) State the equation linking primary voltage, primary current, secondary voltage
and secondary current for a transformer.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the secondary current, assuming that the transformer is 100% efficient.
(2)

Secondary current = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A

20
*P43330A02024*
 (c) A student notices that the charger becomes warm when it is working.

Suggest how this will affect the output of the transformer.

(2)

. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 7 = 6 marks)

21
*P43330A02124* Turn over
8 A bowling ball rolls for 3 s and hits a pin.

pin

ball

The graph shows how the velocity of the ball changes with time.

4
Velocity
in m/s
3

0
0 1 2 3 4
Time in s

(a) How can the graph be used to find the distance that the ball rolls before it hits the pin?
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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22
*P43330A02224*
(b) The mass of the ball is 6.4 kg.
(i) State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the momentum of the ball before it hits the pin.
Give the unit.
(3)

Momentum = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) (i) What is the velocity of the ball after it hits the pin?
(1)

Velocity = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s
(ii) After the collision, the ball and the pin have the same velocity.
Calculate the mass of the pin.
(3)

Mass = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg

(Total for Question 8 = 9 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

23
*P43330A02324*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Edexcel Certificate Centre Number Candidate Number

Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P

Wednesday 5 June 2013 – Afternoon Paper Reference

KPH0/2P
Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2P

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
t Use black ink or ball-point pen.
t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
t Answer all questions.
t Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
t Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
t The
The total mark for this paper is 60.
t – usemarks for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
t Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
Keep on the time.
t Try to answer everyneatly and in good English.
t Check your answersquestion.
t if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P41560A
©2013 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P41560A0120*
1/1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

2
*P41560A0220*
 Answer ALL questions.

1 Alpha and beta particles may be emitted by unstable nuclei.

(a) (i) When an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle, its atomic (proton) number
(1)
A increases by 1
B stays the same
C decreases by 2
D decreases by 4

(ii) When an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle, its mass (nucleon) number
(1)
A increases by 1
B stays the same
C decreases by 2
D decreases by 4

(b) Compared to a beta particle, an alpha particle

(1)
A causes less ionisation
B has less charge
C has less mass
D has less penetrating power

4
*P41560A0420*
 (c) Describe how a teacher should measure the activity of a radioactive source using
a Geiger-Muller detector.
(4)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

5
*P41560A0520* Turn over
2 A soldering iron is a tool used when joining electronic components in a circuit.
It has an electric heater.
(a) Soldering iron A operates when connected to the mains supply.

230 V
30 W

Soldering iron A

Soldering iron A is labelled 230 V, 30 W.

(i) What does 30 W tell you about the energy transfer in the soldering iron?
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(ii) This soldering iron has an earth connection.

Explain how an earth connection protects the user.
(2)

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6
*P41560A0620*
 (b) Soldering iron B is connected to a low voltage power supply.

24 V
70 W

Soldering iron B

Soldering iron B is labelled 24 V, 70 W.

A student says:

I think that both soldering irons

need a 3 A fuse.

(i) Use information from the soldering iron labels to evaluate this statement.
(3)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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7
*P41560A0720* Turn over
 (ii) There is a step-down transformer in the power supply for soldering iron B.
Describe the structure of a step-down transformer.
You may draw a labelled diagram to help your answer.
(3)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 2 = 10 marks)

8
*P41560A0820*
3 James Dewar was a scientist who investigated liquid oxygen.
(a) He discovered that the boiling point of liquid oxygen is –183 °C.
(i) Convert –183 °C to a temperature on the Kelvin scale.
(1)

Temperature = ................................................. K

(ii) Use ideas about particles to describe the changes that happen when a liquid
boils to form a gas.
(3)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9
*P41560A0920* Turn over
 (b) Dewar invented a special flask for storing liquid oxygen in the laboratory.
It was designed to reduce heat flow from the air outside to the liquid oxygen inside.
The flask had two glass walls with a vacuum between them.
The inside glass surfaces were each covered with a thin layer of shiny metal.
The diagram shows a cross section of the flask.

glass walls
shiny surfaces

vacuum

liquid oxygen

(i) Explain how the shiny surfaces reduce the thermal energy transferred to the
liquid oxygen from the laboratory.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Explain how the vacuum reduces the thermal energy transferred to the liquid
oxygen from the laboratory.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10
*P41560A01020*
 (c) Dewar’s flask did not have a lid when it was holding liquid oxygen.
Suggest why a lid was not needed.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)

11
*P41560A01120* Turn over
4 A lorry carries a load of hot asphalt – a runny mixture of small stones and tar.

load

(a) The mass of the lorry and its load is 17 000 kg.
The velocity is 13 m/s.
(i) State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the total momentum of the lorry and its load.
(2)

momentum = ................................................. kg m/s

12
*P41560A01220*
 (b) The lorry stops suddenly and the load slides to the front, as shown below.

load

force A force B

Force A and force B are upward forces from the road on the lorry.
(i) Use ideas about momentum to explain why the load slides to the front when
the lorry stops suddenly.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Use ideas about moments to explain why force B increases when the load
slides to the front.
(3)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13
*P41560A01320* Turn over
(c) The force on the road from one of the tyres is 53 000 N.
The pressure of the air in this tyre is 390 kPa.
(i) State the equation linking pressure, force and area.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the area of this tyre in contact with the road.
(2)

Area = ................................................. m2

(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)

14
*P41560A01420*
5 A student has some LEDs connected in a circuit. They emit light of different colours.

(a) (i) The different colours of light are waves which must have
(1)
A the same amplitude in free space
B the same frequency in free space
C the same speed in free space
D the same wavelength in free space

(ii) When an LED is on, it shows that

(1)
A there must be alternating current in the circuit
B there must be a current in the circuit
C there is a fault in the LED
D a fuse has blown

15
*P41560A01520* Turn over
(b) An LED needs a minimum voltage to make it emit light.
The student investigates this minimum voltage using the circuit shown.

(i) The student uses a voltmeter to measure the voltage across the LED.
Add this voltmeter to the circuit diagram.
(2)
(ii) The student gradually increases the voltage across the LED and records the
minimum voltage at which the LED emits light.
The results for some different LEDs are shown in the table.

Colour of light from LED Minimum voltage in V

Red 1.7
Blue 3.6
Yellow 2.1
Orange 2.0
Green 3.0

16
*P41560A01620*
 Display the results of the student’s investigation on the grid.
(4)

(iii) The student concludes:

The minimum voltage depends on the

wavelength of the light emitted.

Evaluate the student’s conclusion.

(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 5 = 10 marks)

17
*P41560A01720* Turn over
6 A wind turbine generates electricity for the National Grid.

(a) The useful energy transfer in the wind turbine is

(1)
A chemical energy to electrical energy
B gravitational potential energy to electrical energy
C kinetic energy to electrical energy
D sound energy to electrical energy

18
*P41560A01820*
 (b) The generator in the wind turbine transfers 39 MJ of energy in 1 minute.
The generator current is 490 A.
(i) Calculate the output voltage of the generator.
(3)

Voltage = ................................................. V

(ii) The generator output voltage is then increased to 132 kV for transmission.
Explain why electrical energy is transmitted using very high voltages.
(4)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

QUESTION 6 CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE

19
*P41560A01920* Turn over
 (c) The generator provides a direct current (d.c.).
This d.c. is changed to an alternating current (a.c.).
The frequency of the alternating current is 50 Hz.
(i) Explain the meaning of 50 Hz alternating current.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Explain why the d.c. from the generator must be changed to a.c. before it is
transmitted.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 12 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

20
*P41560A02020*
 5&; C,?5 +) $5
?5+) ;$5 +)6

+;5 ?)5 +&; ?)5

=&
(71(7$*(& 

">2$2
($7 ?
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+6C ! ?+ =E-< 
;5+,,+ .5  5+

$' + "*:1 ?59

*: ':27 "; ,;( 5'6
?(5 (?(;,5




t 6 &% &+' ,5 ((%.,&+; .+1
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t
+6A5 && 2?6;&,+61
t
+6A5 ;$ 2?6;&,+6 &+ ;$ 6.6 .5,@&
         
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t $,A (( ;$ 6;.6 &+ +C (?(;&,+6 + 6;; ;$ ?+&;61
t C,?5 )&+
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

+
$  
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;$56 &6#51
&6?66 ;$ @+;#6 + &6@+;#6 , ?&(&+# ),5 A&+ 5)61
-4.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

-*7& *1 :27$*(   ++ '1%2.

+
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

/0 $ 6;?+; ;$+ 5(66 ((6
+  ;,#;$5 6 6$,A+ (,A1


  

5&; A$; A&(( $..+ ;, ;$ ,;$5 ((6  ;5 ;$ ,((&6&,+ + #&@  56,+ ,5
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-9.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

-*7& *1 :27$*( 4  3 '1%2.

+3
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-+.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

/0 $ A@6 ;5@( 5,66 ;$ 6 ; <1E )96 + $@  52?+C , -1! D1
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-+.

/&&0 (?(; ;$ A@(+#;$ , ;$ A@61

A@(+#;$ 111111111111111111111111111 )
-9.
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-9.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

/&&0 B.(&+ A$C (&#$; A@6 , +,; )'  6&)&(5 .;;5+ 6 ;$C .66 ;$5,?#$
;$ 6) #.1
-9.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

-*7& *1 :27$*( 3   '1%2.


  
  4? 




+)
$  
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P

Tuesday 14 January 2014 – Afternoon Paper Reference

KPH0/2P
Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2P

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
t Use black ink or ball-point pen.
t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
t Answer all questions.
t Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
t Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
t The
The total mark for this paper is 60.
t – usemarks for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
t Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
Keep on the time.
t Try to answer everyneatly and in good English.
t Check your answersquestion.
t if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P42877A
©2014 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P42877A0120*
1/1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

2
*P42877A0220*
 Answer ALL questions.
1 Iodine-131 is a radioactive isotope that emits beta particles.
(a) The equation for this decay is

131
53 I oAZXe + 0
–1 e

(i) The atomic (proton) number for iodine-131 is

(1)
A 0
B 53
C 78
D 131

(ii) The mass (nucleon) number for Xe is

(1)
A –1
B 0
C 53
D 131

(b) Iodine-131 is used to treat thyroid cancer.

This radioactive isotope is allowed to enter the tumour.
Explain why iodine-131 is suitable for this treatment.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)

4
*P42877A0420*
2 (a) State the similarity and the difference between scalars and vectors.
(2)

similarity ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................... ....................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

difference .................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................ ..................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Complete the table by ticking (3) the correct boxes to show whether each quantity
is a scalar or a vector.
The first one has been done for you.
(3)

Quantity Scalar Vector

density 3

energy

force

momentum

speed

velocity

(Total for Question 2 = 5 marks)

5
*P42877A0520* Turn over
3 The properties of materials can be explained using particle theory.
Brownian motion provides evidence to support particle theory.
(a) (i) Give an example of Brownian motion.
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Explain how Brownian motion supports the idea that matter is made from tiny
particles in continuous motion.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) These are some observations about samples of ice, water and steam.

Shape Size

ice keeps a fixed shape keeps a fixed size

takes the shape

water keeps a fixed size
of the container
takes the shape
steam fills the container
of the container

6
*P42877A0620*
 Explain each of the observations in terms of the arrangement and motion of the particles.
You may use diagrams to help your answer.
(6)

particles in ice ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................... ......................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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particles in water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................... ................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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particles in steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................. ................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)

7
*P42877A0720* Turn over
4 A student investigates how the voltage across a thermistor varies with temperature.
The student keeps the current in the thermistor constant, but varies the temperatures
between 20 °C and 100 °C.
(a) The diagram shows how the student sets up his apparatus.

thermometer

water

thermistor

heat

Suggest three changes to this set up that would improve the accuracy of the
measurement of the thermistor temperature.
(3)

1 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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3 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) What instrument should the student use to measure the current in the thermistor?
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8
*P42877A0820*
(c) The table shows the student’s results.

Temperature Voltage
in °C in V
20 6.0
40 2.2
60 1.1
80 0.2
100 0.4

(i) Plot a graph of voltage against temperature and draw the line of best fit.
(5)

(ii) Circle the anomalous point on your graph.

(1)

9
*P42877A0920* Turn over
(d) (i) State the equation linking voltage, current and resistance.
(1)

(ii) At room temperature the thermistor has a resistance of 680 Ω.

The voltage across it is 5.9 V.
Show that the current in the thermistor is about 8.5 mA.
(3)

(Total for Question 4 = 14 marks)

10
*P42877A01020*
5 Some cars have a pedestrian airbag for safety.
If a pedestrian is hit and lands on the front of the car, the airbag inflates.

pedestrian
airbag

©volvocars

Use ideas about momentum to explain how this airbag can reduce injuries to pedestrians.
(4)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 5 = 4 marks)

11
*P42877A01120* Turn over
6 (a) A student wants to find the refractive index of a glass block.
(i) Draw a diagram to show how the student should set up the apparatus needed
to find the refractive index of a glass block.
Label your diagram.
(2)

(ii) What measurements should the student take to find the refractive index of
the glass block?
(2)

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(iii) Describe how the student should use these measurements to find the
refractive index of the glass block.
(2)

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12
*P42877A01220*
 (b) The diagram shows a section through a bicycle reflector.
A ray of light is incident on the flat surface of the reflector.

air plastic air

incident ray

flat surface jagged surface

of reflector of reflector

(i) The critical angle for the plastic of the reflector is less than 45°.
Continue the incident ray on the diagram to show the path of the ray until it
emerges from the plastic.
(2)
(ii) What happens to the incident ray as it enters the plastic?
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 6 = 9 marks)

13
*P42877A01320* Turn over
7 The diagram shows two identical metal rods placed inside a coil of wire.

coil of wire

d.c. supply

metal rods

(a) When a direct current is supplied to the coil, a magnetic field forms and the metal rods
move apart.
Explain why the metal rods move apart.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) When the current is switched off, the metal rods return to their starting places.
Suggest what material the metal rods are made from.
Explain your answer.
(3)

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14
*P42877A01420*
 (c) The direct current in the coil is replaced by an alternating current.
Explain what will happen to the magnetic field.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 7 = 7 marks)

15
*P42877A01520* Turn over
8 A man uses a uniform plank to lift a block.
He holds the plank horizontal.

block

0.75 m
200 N
1200 N
length of plank
3m

The arrows on the diagram represent three forces on the plank.

(a) Complete the table to identify the missing force.
(1)

Force Name of force

F force of man pushing down on the plank

1200 N weight of block

200 N

(b) (i) State the equation linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from the pivot.
(1)

16
*P42877A01620*
 (ii) Calculate the clockwise moment of the block about the pivot.
(2)

moment = ........................................ Nm
(c) Calculate the force of the man pushing down on the plank.
(4)

force = ........................................ N

(Total for Question 8 = 8 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

17
*P42877A01720*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P

Thursday 12 June 2014 – Morning Paper Reference

KPH0/2P
Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2P

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
t Use black ink or ball-point pen.
t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
t Answer all questions.
t Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
t Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
t The
The total mark for this paper is 60.
t – usemarks for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
t Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
Keep on the time.
t Try to answer everyneatly and in good English.
t Check your answersquestion.
t if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P42875A
©2014 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P42875A0120*
1/1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

2
*P42875A0220*
 Answer ALL questions.
1 A student investigates ice, water and steam.
She heats up a sample of ice.
When it has all melted, she carries on heating until the water has all boiled to steam.
(a) Complete the diagram to show how the particles are arranged in ice, water and steam.
One particle in each box has been drawn for you.
(4)

ice water steam

(b) Complete the table by describing how the particles move in ice, water and steam.
(3)

Substance How the particles move

ice

water

steam

(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

3
*P42875A0320* Turn over
2 When a plastic rod is rubbed with a cloth, the rod gains charge.

(a) How could you show that the plastic rod gains charge?
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) Explain how the plastic rod gains charge when it is rubbed.
(2)

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4
*P42875A0420*
 (c) There are two types of charge.
Describe how you could demonstrate this using different insulating rods and a cloth.
In your answer, you should name any other equipment you would use.
(3)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 2 = 6 marks)

5
*P42875A0520* Turn over
3 Some quantities are vectors, others are scalars.
(a) Complete the table ticking the boxes to show which quantities are vectors and
which are scalars.
One has been done for you.
(2)

Quantity Vector Scalar

distance

force

momentum 9

speed

velocity

(b) A car travels at 20 m/s.

The mass of the car is 1500 kg.
(i) State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the momentum of the car.

(2)

momentum = ...................................................................... kg m/s

6
*P42875A0620*
 (c) In a crash test, a car runs into a wall and stops.

(Author: Brady Holt, 2010)

The momentum of the car before the crash is 22500 kg m/s.

The car stops in 0.14 s.
(i) Calculate the average force on the car during the crash.
(2)

average force = ....................................................................... N

(ii) Use ideas about momentum to explain how seat belts can reduce injuries to
passengers during a crash.
(3)

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(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)

7
*P42875A0720* Turn over
4 Use the following information to help you answer the questions.

The gold foil experiment

Scientists used to think that electrons were spread out through a positively charged atom.

They called this the ‘plum pudding’ model.

To test this idea, scientists aimed alpha particles at thin gold foil. They expected the alpha
particles to pass straight through.

The results showed that almost all the alpha particles did pass straight through, but a few did not.
About 1 in every 8000 was deflected away at a very large angle.

It was these ‘anomalous’ results that led to a new understanding of the atom.

(a) What was the prediction in this experiment?

(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) (i) What do scientists mean by anomalous results?

(1)

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(ii) How should scientists deal with anomalous results?

(1)

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8
*P42875A0820*
 (c) Explain how these anomalous results led to the idea of a positive charge at the
centre of an atom.
(2)

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(d) Give two reasons why it is important to carry out experiments in physics.
(2)

1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 4 = 7 marks)

9
*P42875A0920* Turn over
5 A signal generator produces sounds from a loudspeaker.
(a) (i) Which property of the sound wave should be increased in order to make the
sound louder?
(1)
A amplitude
B frequency
C speed
D wavelength

(ii) Which property of the sound wave should be increased in order to make a
higher pitched sound?
(1)
A amplitude
B frequency
C speed
D wavelength

(b) Sound waves travel as longitudinal waves.

Other waves are transverse.
(i) Give an example of a transverse wave.
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Describe how the vibrations of longitudinal waves and transverse waves differ.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 5 = 5 marks)

10
*P42875A01020*
6 A student investigates refraction using a glass block.
She wants to find the refractive index of the glass.
She sends rays of light into the block at different angles and measures the angle of incidence
and the angle of refraction.

r
glass block

The table shows her results.

Angle of incidence, i Angle of refraction, r sin i sin r

0q 0q 0.00 0.00

15q 10q 0.26 0.17

25q 16q 0.42

35q 22q 0.57

45q 28q 0.71 0.47

(a) (i) Complete the table by calculating the missing values of sin r.
(1)

12
*P42875A01220*
(ii) Draw a graph of sin i (y-axis) against sin r (x-axis).
(5)

(iii) Use your graph to find the refractive index of the glass.
(2)

refractive index = ......................................

13
*P42875A01320* Turn over
 (b) Suggest two reasons why using a graph to find the refractive index is a better method
than simply calculating it using a pair of angles from the table.
(2)

1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 10 marks)

14
*P42875A01420*
7 The diagram shows a transformer that is 100% efficient.

primary coil
1200 turns secondary coil
to load
alternating
supply, V output voltage
2A, 230 V 110 V
to load
iron core

(a) (i) State the equation linking input power and output power for the transformer.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the output current of the transformer.

(2)

output current = ................................ A

(b) (i) State the equation linking input voltage, output voltage and turns ratio for the
transformer.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil of the transformer.
(2)

number of turns = ................................

16
*P42875A01620*
 (c) Explain how a transformer works.
In your answer, you should include the reasons for using
x two coils
x an iron core
x an alternating supply
(5)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 11 marks)

17
*P42875A01720* Turn over
8 An energy company plans to build a new power station.
The company must decide between two renewable energy projects, a geothermal power station
or a solar power station.

Geothermal power station Solar power station

(Author: Gretar Ívarsson, geologist at Nesjavellir, 2006) (Author: Torresol Energy, 2011)

Explain how the location and the climate might affect the type of power station that
the company chooses.
(4)

location ........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................. .......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

climate ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................ ............................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 8 = 4 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

18
*P42875A01820*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Paper: 2PR

Thursday 12 June 2014 – Morning Paper Reference

Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2PR

You must have: Total Marks
Ruler, calculator

Instructions
t Use black ink or ball-point pen.
t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
t Answer all questions.
t Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
t Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
t The
The total mark for this paper is 60.
t – usemarks for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
t Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
Keep on the time.
t Try to answer everyneatly and in good English.
t Check your answersquestion.
t if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P41929A
©2014 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P41929A0120*
1/1/1/1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

2
*P41929A0220*
 Answer ALL questions.
1 (a) Which of these is a unit for energy?
(1)
A joule
B kilogram
C newton
D watt

(b) The diagram shows a cell connected to a lamp.

+ –

Use words from the box to complete the sentences.

Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
(3)

chemical electrical light sound thermal work

The cell converts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . energy into ............................................................... energy.

The lamp converts this energy into . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................... energy and ............................................................... energy.

4
*P41929A0420*
(c) This is the Sankey energy diagram for a low energy lamp.

electrical light
energy energy
50 J 36 J

thermal
energy

(i) Calculate the amount of thermal energy wasted in the lamp.

(1)

thermal energy = ............................................... J

(ii) State the equation linking efficiency, useful energy output and total energy input.
(1)

(iii) Calculate the efficiency of the lamp.

(2)

efficiency = .........................................

(Total for Question 1 = 8 marks)

5
*P41929A0520* Turn over
2 This question is about temperature and pressure in gases.
(a) A gas is heated in a container which has a constant volume.
The particles in the gas
(1)
A expand
B hit the walls of the container harder
C move closer together
D have a lower average speed

(b) Describe what happens to the average kinetic energy of particles as the temperature
decreases from 10 K towards 0 K.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(c) (i) Convert a temperature of 27 °C into kelvin (K).

(1)

temperature = ............................................... K

(ii) The gas in a cylinder has a pressure of 210 kPa at a temperature of 27 °C.
Calculate the new pressure when the temperature of the gas rises to 81 °C.
(3)

pressure = ............................................... kPa

(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)

6
*P41929A0620*
3 (a) The graphs show oscilloscope traces produced by four different sounds. The
oscilloscope settings are the same for each trace.
Which graph shows the trace for the loudest sound at the lowest frequency?
(1)
A voltage

time

B
voltage

time

C
voltage

time

D
voltage

time

7
*P41929A0720* Turn over
(b) The diagram shows the equipment used by a student to measure the speed of
sound in air.

hammer timer

metal block microphone

ruler

The student measures the distance between the front of the metal block and the
microphone.
She then uses this method to measure the time taken for sound to travel from the
metal block to the microphone.
x start the timer by hitting the metal block with the hammer
x stop the timer when the sound produced reaches the microphone
x record the time taken for sound to reach the microphone in milliseconds
The student repeats the experiment six times, changing the distance between the
metal block and the microphone for each experiment.
The table shows her results.

Distance Time
in m in ms
0.62 1.8
0.80 2.4
1.00 3.0
1.20 3.8
1.38 4.2

8
*P41929A0820*
(i) Use the student’s results to plot a graph of distance against time and draw the
straight line of best fit.
(5)

(ii) Use your graph to find the speed of sound in air and give the unit.
(3)

speed = .................................... unit ...................................

9
*P41929A0920* Turn over
 (iii) Suggest how the student could make this experiment valid (a fair test).
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Suggest two ways that the student could improve the quality of her data.
(2)

1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 3 = 12 marks)

10
*P41929A01020*
4 (a) The diagram shows a solenoid with a soft iron core connected in an electric circuit.

S N

soft coil of
iron core insulated wire

(i) On the diagram, draw field lines to show the shape and direction of the
magnetic field produced by the solenoid.
(3)
(ii) Explain the effect of the soft iron core.
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) A solenoid with a steel core can be used as an electromagnet.

When the current is switched on, the electromagnet picks up some steel paper clips.
Explain why the steel paper clips remain attached to the steel core when the
current is switched off.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)

11
*P41929A01120* Turn over
5 The diagram shows parts of a transformer.

iron core

primary secondary
coil coil

(a) The input voltage to the transformer is 230 V a.c.

The output of the transformer is 25 V a.c.
There are 100 turns on the secondary coil.
(i) Name the type of transformer shown in the diagram.
(1)

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(ii) State the equation linking input (primary) voltage, output (secondary) voltage,
primary turns and secondary turns.
(1)

(iii) Calculate the number of turns on the primary coil.

(2)

number of turns ...................................................

12
*P41929A01220*
 (b) Explain how a transformer works.
In your answer, you should include the reasons for using
x two coils
x the iron core
x an alternating supply
(5)

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(Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)

13
*P41929A01320* Turn over
6 The photograph shows an investigation of static electricity.
A teacher rubs a balloon with a cloth so that the balloon gains a positive charge.
She then holds the balloon close to her head, and her hair rises.

(a) Explain, in terms of moving charges, how the balloon becomes positively charged.
(2)

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(b) Explain why the teacher’s hair rises.

(2)

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14
*P41929A01420*
 (c) Suggest why the charge remains on the balloon even when it is being held.
(1)

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(d) Suggest why the experiment does not work so well when the air is humid (damp).
(1)

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(Total for Question 6 = 6 marks)

15
*P41929A01520* Turn over
7 Cars have a number of features that make them safer in a collision.
(a) Apart from seat belts, name two safety features that reduce the risk of serious injury
in a car crash.
(2)

1 . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Photograph A shows a person wearing a seat belt.

seat belt

© WHO 2013
Photograph A
(i) Using ideas of momentum and force, explain how a seat belt reduces the risk
of serious injury in a car crash.
(4)

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16
*P41929A01620*
 (ii) Photograph B shows a full-body harness used in a racing car.

full-body
harness

Photograph B
Suggest why a full-body harness is used in a racing car, instead of an
ordinary seatbelt.
(1)

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(c) Photograph C shows a crash-test dummy in a car. The car has crashed into a
concrete wall.

© Peter Ginter/Getty Images

Photograph C
State what happens to the momentum of the car during the crash.
(1)

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(Total for Question 7 = 8 marks)

17
*P41929A01720* Turn over
8 (a) State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(b) A truck of mass 10 000 kg is moving with a velocity of 4.5 m/s.

A car of mass 1500 kg has the same momentum as the truck.
Calculate the velocity of the car.
(3)

velocity = ......................................... m/s

(Total for Question 8 = 4 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

18
*P41929A01820*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P

Thursday 15 January 2015 – Morning Paper Reference

Time: 1 hour KPH0/2P

4PH0/2P

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
t Use black ink or ball-point pen.
t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
t Answer all questions.
t Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
t Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
t The
The total mark for this paper is 60.
t – usemarks for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
t Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
Keep on the time.
t Try to answer everyneatly and in good English.
t Check your answersquestion.
t if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P44251A
©2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P44251A0116*
1/1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

2
*P44251A0216*
 Answer ALL questions.

1 Electrical energy can be transmitted using a high voltage of 132 kV.

(a) A voltage of 132 kV is the same as

(1)
A 132 V
B 1320 V
C 132 000 V
D 132 000 000 V

(b) Using a high voltage increases the

(1)
A current in the wires
B efficiency of transmission
C energy lost as heat
D resistance of the wires

(c) The high voltage can be reduced using a

(1)
A generator
B magnet
C transformer
D transmitter

(Total for Question 1 = 3 marks)

3
*P44251A0316* Turn over
2 Planets and comets in our Solar System orbit the Sun.
(a) Which force causes planets and comets to orbit the Sun?
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The diagram shows the orbits of a planet and a comet around the Sun.
[not to scale]

. . . . ..................................

......................................

........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(i) On the diagram, label the planet, the comet and the Sun.
(1)

(ii) Explain why it is possible for a planet and a comet in our Solar System to collide.
(2)

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(Total for Question 2 = 4 marks)

4
*P44251A0416*
3 The photograph shows a fuel delivery at a petrol station.

Source: Jeeferson Siegel, New York Daily News

(a) Explain how a fuel tanker can become electrically charged while it is moving.
(2)

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(b) Pumping fuel from an electrically-charged tanker can be dangerous.

(i) Describe a possible danger of pumping fuel from an electrically-charged tanker.
(1)

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(ii) The driver connects an earth wire to the fuel tanker before pumping fuel.
Explain how connecting the earth wire reduces the possible dangers.
(2)

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(Total for Question 3 = 5 marks)

5
*P44251A0516* Turn over
4 A student investigates the stretching of rubber bands.
She stretches four rubber bands as shown in the photograph.

She applies a force of 5.0 N and measures the length of the rubber bands.
She repeats the experiment with different numbers of rubber bands, using a force of
5.0 N each time.
The table shows her results.

Number of Stretched length

rubber bands in cm

1 43.2

2 28.0

3 21.5

5 17.6

6 17.0

(a) (i) Estimate the length of the four rubber bands shown in the photograph and
use your value to complete the table.
(1)
(ii) Suggest two reasons why your estimate may not be accurate.
(2)

1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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6
*P44251A0616*
 (b) Suggest how the student made this investigation a fair test.
(1)

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(c) (i) The number of rubber bands is a series of whole numbers.

State the name of this type of variable.
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Display the results of the student’s investigation on the grid.

(4)

(iii) Describe the relationship between the number of rubber bands and the
stretched length.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)

7
*P44251A0716* Turn over
5 Liquid helium boils at 4.2 K.
(a) Convert 4.2 K to a temperature in qC.
(1)

temperature = .............................................................. qC

(b) Liquid helium boils to form helium gas.

(i) State two ways in which the arrangement and motion of the molecules change
as the helium becomes a gas.
(2)

1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) The average kinetic energy of the molecules in helium gas depends on its
Kelvin temperature.
Sketch a graph on the axes below to show this relationship.
(2)

average
kinetic energy

0
0
temperature in Kelvin

8
*P44251A0816*
 (c) Some air is trapped in a narrow glass tube so that its pressure remains constant.

end of tube open

to atmosphere

narrow glass tube

liquid

column of
trapped air

Describe how this apparatus can be used to investigate the relationship between
the temperature and the volume of air at constant pressure.
You may add to the diagram to help your answer.
(4)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)

9
*P44251A0916* Turn over
6 A person has a suitcase with wheels.

13 N

(a) The person pulls the suitcase with a horizontal force of 13 N for 110 m.
(i) State the equation linking work done, force and distance moved.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the work done on the suitcase by the person.

(2)

work done = .............................................................. J

(iii) How much energy is transferred to the suitcase?

(1)

energy transferred = .............................................................. J

10
*P44251A01016*
 (b) The suitcase falls over.

Explain why it loses gravitational potential energy when it falls.

(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(c) The person starts to raise the suitcase again by pulling on the handle with force F.
The weight of the suitcase is 150 N.

pivot
0.87 m
0.32 m
150 N

(i) State the equation linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from
the pivot.
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Calculate the force F that the person must apply on the handle to start raising
the suitcase.
(3)

force F = .............................................................. N

(Total for Question 6 = 10 marks)

11
*P44251A01116* Turn over
7 An unstable isotope of strontium has a half-life of 28.8 years.
It is a beta emitter and can be represented by this symbol.

90
Sr
38

(a) (i) What is the mass number of this isotope?

(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Explain the meaning of the term half-life.

(2)

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(iii) A person can absorb strontium atoms, which stay in their bones.
Explain why strontium-90 in the bones is a serious health hazard.
(2)

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12
*P44251A01216*
 (b) When a strontium-90 nucleus emits a beta particle, it decays to form yttrium-90.
(i) Complete the equation for this decay.
(2)

90

Sr o Y  ȕ–
38 39

(ii) Yttrium-90 is also an unstable isotope.

Explain why strontium-90 and yttrium-90 can both be described as isotopes,
even though they have different numbers of protons.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 9 marks)

13
*P44251A01316* Turn over
8 A pulsar is a type of star.
We receive radiation from a pulsar in regular short bursts called pulses.
(a) Some pulsars emit radio waves. Other pulsars emit x-rays.
(i) State a property of waves that is the same for radio waves and x-rays.
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) State two properties of waves that are different for radio waves and x-rays.
(2)

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14
*P44251A01416*
 (b) The graph shows five pulses of the signal from a pulsar.

0.8
signal strength
0.6
in arbitrary units
0.4

0.2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
time in s

(i) Explain how the graph shows that the signal is not digital.
(2)

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(ii) Use the graph to estimate the average time between each pulse.
(2)

time = .............................................................. s

(iii) Calculate the frequency of the pulses in the signal.

Give the unit.
(2)

frequency = .............................................. unit .........................

(Total for Question 8 = 9 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

15
*P44251A01516*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P

Friday 12 June 2015 – Afternoon Paper Reference

KPH0/2P
Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2P

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
t Use black ink or ball-point pen.
t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
t Answer all questions.
t Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
t Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
t The
The total mark for this paper is 60.
t – usemarks for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
t Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
Keep on the time.
t Try to answer everyneatly and in good English.
t Check your answersquestion.
t if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P44231A
©2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P44231A0120*
1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

2
*P44231A0220*
 Answer ALL questions.

1 The chart lists some electromagnetic radiations.

visible
radio microwave infrared ultraviolet x-ray gamma
light

(a) Complete the table by giving one radiation from the chart for each use.
You may give each type of radiation once, more than once or not at all.
(3)

Use for radiation Type of radiation

cooking

treating cancer

identifying broken bones

(b) All types of electromagnetic radiation from the Sun are emitted with
(1)

A the same amplitude

B the same frequency
C the same speed
D the same wavelength

4
*P44231A0420*
(c) William Herschel was a scientist who investigated infrared radiation.
He passed electromagnetic radiation from the Sun through a triangular glass prism.
The prism refracted different radiations by different amounts.
The paths of yellow and blue visible light rays are shown in the diagram.

radiation from the Sun

prism

yellow light

blue light

(i) Add to the diagram to show how the prism refracts an infrared ray.
(2)
(ii) William Herschel used a thermometer to detect infrared radiation.
He coloured the surface of his thermometer to make it more effective.
Which colour surface would work best?
(1)
A black
B red
C silver
D white

(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

5
*P44231A0520* Turn over
2 An electric kettle is connected to the 230 V mains supply.
The power of the kettle is 960 W.

(a) (i) A power of 960 watts is the same as

(1)
A 960 joules per coulomb
B 960 joules per second
C 960 newtons per metre
D 960 newtons per second

(ii) State the equation linking power, current and voltage.

(1)

(iii) Show that the current in the kettle is about 4 A.

(2)

6
*P44231A0620*
 (b) The 960 W kettle is earthed and fitted with a fuse.

(i) Explain how this can protect the person using the kettle if there is a fault.
(3)

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(ii) Another kettle has twice as much power.

It is connected to the same mains supply.

Which of these fuse ratings should be used for this kettle?

(1)
A 1A
B 3A
C 5A
D 13 A

7
*P44231A0720* Turn over
 (c) A student has a pack of fuses labelled 2 A.
Explain how she could use one of these fuses to check that the label is correct.
You may draw a circuit diagram to help your answer.
(3)

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(Total for Question 2 = 11 marks)

8
*P44231A0820*
3 A toy train is placed on the middle of a bridge on a model railway.

force X force Y

P Q

weight of train
15 N

The weight of the train acts through its centre of gravity.

Ignore the weight of the bridge.
(a) Which row of the table shows the correct values for forces X and Y?
(1)
force X force Y

A 7.5 N 7.5 N

B 0N 0N

C 0N 15 N

D 15 N 0N

(b) Describe how force X changes if the train moves from P to Q.

(2)

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(Total for Question 3 = 3 marks)

9
*P44231A0920* Turn over
4 The photograph shows a water barrel with a tap.
The barrel is used to store rainwater.

barrel

tap

A student investigates the water depth in the barrel.

She measures the depth and then opens the tap.
As water flows out of the barrel, she measures the depth every minute.
The table shows her results.

Time Depth
in minutes in cm
0 86

1 52

2 31

3 18

4 11

5 7

6 4

(a) Which two measuring instruments should the student use in her investigation?
(2)

1 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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10
*P44231A01020*
 (b) (i) Plot a graph to show how the depth changes with time, and draw the curve of
best fit.
(5)

(ii) Describe the relationship between depth and time.

(2)

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(c) The student notices that the water flows out less quickly as time passes.
Suggest a reason for the decrease in flow.
(1)

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(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)

11
*P44231A01120* Turn over
5 An ice skater throws a 0.23 kg snowball with a velocity of 13 m/s.

snowball
13 m/s

ice

(a) (i) State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the initial momentum of the snowball.

(2)

initial momentum = ....................................................................... kg m/s

(b) When the skater throws the snowball forwards, she slides backwards on the ice.
Explain why she moves in this direction.
(3)

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12
*P44231A01220*
 (c) The skater wears soft knee pads that compress easily.
Explain how the pads protect her knees when she falls on the ice.
(3)

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)

13
*P44231A01320* Turn over
6 A student holds a roll of sticky tape and pulls the end down as shown in the diagram.

roll of
sticky tape

end of
the tape

This causes both the roll and the end of the tape to become electrically charged by
friction.
(a) Explain how an object becomes charged by friction.
(3)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14
*P44231A01420*
 (b) The student lets go of the end of the tape and the charges cause it to move
towards the roll.

Explain why the end of the tape moves back towards the roll.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 5 marks)

15
*P44231A01520* Turn over
7 The photograph shows an old camera lens that contains several pieces of glass.

One of the pieces of glass includes a radioactive isotope, thorium-232.

(a) Thorium-232 undergoes alpha decay and produces an isotope of radium, Ra.
Complete the equation for this decay.
(2)

232 4

Th Ra + Į
90

16
*P44231A01620*
 (b) The radioactive glass also emits beta particles from a different isotope.
The diagram shows the position of the radioactive glass in the camera.

radioactive glass ordinary glass

thick aluminium

(i) Suggest why it is safe to use radioactive glass in the camera as shown.
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Amateur astronomers sometimes remove an old camera lens to use as a lens
in a homemade telescope.
Suggest why an astronomer should not use a lens with radioactive glass close
to their eye.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 5 marks)

17
*P44231A01720* Turn over
8 The photographs show how an electric toothbrush fits on its charger.

The charger and the toothbrush each have a coil of wire inside them.
The diagram shows how the two coils are linked by a U-shaped core.

coil in charger

coil in toothbrush

input
output

U-shaped core in charger

18
*P44231A01820*
 This arrangement of core and coils acts as a transformer that reduces voltage.
(a) (i) Name the type of transformer that reduces voltage.
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Explain why the core is made of a soft magnetic material, such as iron.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) (i) State the equation linking the input (primary) and output (secondary) voltages
and the turns ratio of a transformer.
(1)

(ii) The transformer has 520 primary turns and 30 secondary turns.
The input voltage to the transformer is 44 V.
Calculate the output voltage.
(2)

output voltage = ............................................... V

19
*P44231A01920* Turn over
 (c) (i) The alternating current in the transformer has a frequency of 27 000 Hz.
The toothbrush vibrates at the same frequency when it is being charged.
Explain why these vibrations cannot be heard.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) A circuit in the toothbrush delivers regular pulses of direct current.

There is a pulse every 1.5 ms.
Calculate the frequency of the pulses.
(2)

frequency = ............................................... Hz

(Total for Question 8 = 10 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material.
Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in
future editions.

20
*P44231A02020*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Paper: 2PR

Friday 12 June 2015 – Afternoon Paper Reference

Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2PR

You must have: Total Marks
Ruler, calculator

Instructions
t Use black ink or ball-point pen.
t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
t Answer all questions.
t Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
t Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
t The
The total mark for this paper is 60.
t – usemarks for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
t Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
Keep on the time.
t Try to answer everyneatly and in good English.
t Check your answersquestion.
t if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P44266A
©2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P44266A0120*
1/1/1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

2
*P44266A0220*
 Answer ALL questions.
1 The diagram shows a roller-coaster ride.
The car is pulled slowly from the start to point B and then released.

B
D

A C

car
start
E

(a) Choose letters from the diagram to complete this sentence.

(2)
The car has the most gravitational potential energy at point ......................................................

and it goes fastest at point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... .

(b) The mass of the car is 900 kg.

The maximum speed of the car is 15 m/s.
(i) State the relationship between momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the maximum momentum of the car.

Give the unit.
(3)

maximum momentum = ................................... unit ...................................

4
*P44266A0420*
(iii) State the equation linking kinetic energy (KE), mass and speed.
(1)

(iv) Calculate the maximum KE of the car.

(2)

maximum KE = ............................................... J

(Total for Question 1 = 9 marks)

5
*P44266A0520* Turn over
2 (a) Scientists use deflection in an electric field to help distinguish between
different radiations.
The diagram shows a beam containing several types of radiation. This beam
travels in a vacuum between two charged plates.
Some of the radiations are deflected upwards, some are deflected downwards
and some are not deflected at all.

negatively charged plate

beam of radiation

vacuum

positively charged plate

Put one tick in each row to show the correct deflection for each type of radiation.
One has been done for you.
(4)

Type of Deflected Deflected

Not deflected
radiation upwards downwards

alpha 3
beta

gamma

neutrons

protons

6
*P44266A0620*
 (b) The diagram shows the apparatus Geiger and Marsden used to investigate the
structure of an atom.
They aimed a beam of alpha particles at a very thin sheet of gold foil.
They used a zinc sulfide screen to detect the alpha particles.

microscope

beam of
alpha particles R zinc sulfide
screen

gold foil

vacuum

(i) Suggest why Geiger and Marsden removed the air from the apparatus.
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Describe Geiger and Marsden’s results.

(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7
*P44266A0720* Turn over
 (c) Rutherford produced a model of the atom.
Describe how Rutherford’s model explains Geiger and Marsden’s results.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(4)

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(Total for Question 2 = 11 marks)

8
*P44266A0820*
3 The diagram shows the apparatus used to investigate moments.

newtonmeter

metre
ruler
pivot

2N weight

The 2 N weight is placed 60 cm from the pivot.

The newtonmeter is placed 10 cm from the pivot.
(a) (i) State the equation linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from the pivot.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the reading on the newtonmeter.

Ignore the weight of the ruler.
(3)

reading = ............................................... N

10
*P44266A01020*
 (b) The metre rule is replaced by an iron bar.
The iron bar is 1 m long and has a weight of 10 N.
The newtonmeter and the 2 N weight stay in their original position.
Explain how this change affects the reading on the newtonmeter.
(3)

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(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)

11
*P44266A01120* Turn over
4 This photograph shows an electromagnetic device used to keep a door open.

metal plate electromagnet

fixed to door fixed to wall

The electromagnet attracts the metal plate to hold the door open.
The electromagnet is connected to a fire alarm circuit.
When the fire alarm sounds, the door is released and it closes.
(a) State why the metal plate is made of iron.
(1)

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(b) Describe the construction of an electromagnet.

You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)

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12
*P44266A01220*
 (c) Describe the changes that allow the electromagnet to release the door when the
fire alarm sounds.
(2)

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(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)

13
*P44266A01320* Turn over
5 A student investigates the resistance of a thermistor.
(a) Which of these is the correct symbol for a thermistor
(1)

(b) The student uses this apparatus to investigate how the resistance of a thermistor
changes with temperature.

beaker of water

thermometer thermistor
connected to
electrical circuit

(i) Explain why the student places the thermistor in a beaker of water.
(2)

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14
*P44266A01420*
(ii) The student also uses a voltmeter and an ammeter.
How should the voltmeter and the ammeter be connected in his circuit?
(1)

Voltmeter Ammeter

A in parallel across the power supply in parallel across the thermistor

B in parallel across the thermistor in series with the thermistor

C in series with the power supply in series with the thermistor

D in series with the thermistor in parallel across the thermistor

15
*P44266A01520* Turn over
(c) The table shows the student’s results.

Temperature Resistance
in °C in ȍ

0 10 000

10 7 060

20 5 000

40 2 670

60 2 350

80 1 080

100 609

(i) Plot a graph of these results on the grid.

(4)
(ii) Circle the anomalous point on the graph.
(1)
(iii) Draw a curve of best fit.
(1)

16
*P44266A01620*
 (d) (i) Why is the maximum temperature in the student’s investigation limited to 100°C?
(1)

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(ii) Suggest how the student obtains readings below room temperature.
(1)

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(Total for Question 5 =12 marks)

17
*P44266A01720* Turn over
6 (a) The diagram represents a microwave travelling in free space from point A to point B.

A B distance

0.60m

(i) The distance from A to B is 0.60 m.

Calculate the wavelength of this microwave.
(2)

wavelength = ............................................... m

(ii) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
(1)

(iii) Calculate the frequency of this microwave.

[speed of microwave in free space = 3.0 × 108 m/s]
(3)

frequency = ............................................... Hz

18
*P44266A01820*
 (b) The diagrams show what happens to radio waves and microwaves as they move
past a hill.

radio waves

Diagram 1

microwaves

Diagram 2

(i) Name the effect shown by the radio waves in diagram 1.

(1)

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(ii) Suggest why this effect is not shown by the microwaves in diagram 2.
(2)

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(Total for Question 6 = 9 marks)

TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 7

19
*P44266A01920* Turn over
7 In 2013, the UK Government decided to build another nuclear power station at Hinckley Point.
Hinckley Point is in Somerset, a major agricultural area of the UK.
This will be the third nuclear power station at the site.

©guardian

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power stations and

biomass power stations.
(6)

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(Total for Question 7 = 6 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material.
Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in
future editions.

20
*P44266A02020*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Pearson Edexcel Certificate Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P

Monday 25 January 2016 – Afternoon Paper Reference

KPH0/2P
Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2P

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
• The
The total mark for this paper is 60.
• – usemarks for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try toyour
Write answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P46802A
©2016 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P46802A0120*
1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

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pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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2
*P46802A0220*
 Answer ALL questions.

1 (a) Which of these is a vector quantity?

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(1)
A density
B force
C mass
D speed

(b) Which of these is a scalar quantity?

(1)
A acceleration
B energy
C momentum
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D velocity

(c) When a book from a low shelf is placed on a higher shelf, the book gains
(1)
A gravitational potential energy
B mass
C weight
D work

(d) When an object falls at terminal velocity

(1)
A it accelerates at 10 m/s2
B it has no weight
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C the resultant vertical force is downwards

D the vertical forces on it are balanced

(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)

3
*P46802A0320* Turn over
2 The photograph shows some large concrete cubes.

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The mass of one of the concrete cubes is 1000 kg.
(a) State the weight of this concrete cube.
Give the unit.
(2)

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weight of concrete cube = .............................................. unit .........................

(b) The density of this concrete cube is 2300 kg/m3.

(i) State the equation linking density, mass and volume.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the volume of this concrete cube.

(2)
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volume of concrete cube = .............................................. m3

4
*P46802A0420*
 (c) The graph shows the volumes of 1000 kg of some other materials.

4.5
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4
3.5
3
volume of 2.5
1000 kg
in m3 2
1.5
1
0.5
0
cork cardboard ice water wet sand granite
material
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(i) State the type of graph shown.

(1)

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(ii) Give a reason why a line graph is not an appropriate way to display this data.
(1)

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(iii) Use information from the graph to compare the densities of cork and water.
(2)
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(Total for Question 2 = 9 marks)

5
*P46802A0520* Turn over
3 The particles in the different states of matter behave differently.
(a) Draw a straight line linking each state of matter with the description of its particles.

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(2)

state of matter description of particles

close together, moving about and

solid
can slide past one another

far apart, moving quickly and at

liquid
random

close together, vibrating about

gas
fixed positions

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6
*P46802A0620*
 (b) Ethyne is a substance that is a gas at room temperature.
At a temperature of –81qC, ethyne can exist as a solid, a liquid or a gas.
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This temperature is called the triple point of ethyne.

(i) Complete the table by giving the missing temperatures.
(2)

Temperature in qC Temperature in kelvin

room temperature 291

triple point of ethyne –81

(ii) State what happens to the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules as the
temperature is lowered from room temperature to the triple point of ethyne.
(1)
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(iii) State what happens to the volume of an ethyne molecule when the gas
changes to a solid at the triple point.
(1)

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(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)

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7
*P46802A0720* Turn over
4 A car becomes electrically charged as it travels along a road.

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(a) (i) Explain how a moving car becomes electrically charged.
(2)

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(ii) Why does this charge remain on the car after it has stopped moving?
(1)

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8
*P46802A0820*
 (b) Some people prefer to prevent their car from becoming charged.
They do this by fixing a metal strap underneath the car.
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The metal strap rubs on the ground as the car moves.

metal strap

(i) Suggest why it is safer to have no electrical charge on a car.

(1)
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(ii) Explain how the metal strap prevents a car from becoming charged.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)

9
*P46802A0920* Turn over
5 A foghorn makes a loud, low-pitched warning sound when a ship is moving in fog.

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(a) What is the relationship between the frequency of a sound wave and the pitch of
the sound?
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) The foghorn emits sound waves with a frequency of 160 Hz.
The speed of sound is 340 m/s.
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the wavelength of these sound waves.

(2)

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wavelength = .............................................. m

10
*P46802A01020*
 (c) A student investigates how the speed of sound in air varies with temperature.
The student’s results are shown on the graph.
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speed of sound
in m/s
345

340

335

330

325

320
–20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20
temperature in qC
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(i) Draw a straight line of best fit on the graph.

(1)
(ii) Use the graph to find the speed of sound when the air temperature is 20 qC.
(2)

speed of sound = .............................................. m/s

(d) The air temperature decreases while the foghorn continues to emit sound waves
with a frequency of 160 Hz.
Explain how this decrease in temperature affects the wavelength of the sound
waves.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)

11
*P46802A01120* Turn over
6 A teacher investigates the half-life of a radioactive isotope that decays quickly.
(a) The teacher measures the background activity.

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Explain how this value should be used in the investigation.
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) Explain what is meant by the term half-life.

(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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12
*P46802A01220*
 (c) The graph shows how the activity of a sample of the radioactive isotope changes
with time.
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2500

2000

1500
activity
in Bq
1000

500
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0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
time in s

(i) Use the graph to find the half-life of the isotope.

(2)

half-life = .............................................. s

(ii) The teacher takes a new reading every 20 s.

Suggest why the teacher measures the activity so frequently.
(1)
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(Total for Question 6 = 6 marks)

13
*P46802A01320* Turn over
7 (a) A direct current passes around a flat, circular coil as shown.
On the diagram, sketch the magnetic field caused by the current in the coil.

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(3)

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to d.c. power supply

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14
*P46802A01420*
 (b) The coil is suspended vertically so that it is free to swing.
A second, identical coil is placed beside it.
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When direct currents pass, as shown,

the two coils move together.

When the current in the

right-hand coil is reversed,
the two coils move apart.
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Explain why the coils move in this way.

(3)

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(Total for Question 7 = 6 marks)

15
*P46802A01520* Turn over
8 An electric vehicle has a rechargeable battery.
The battery is recharged by connecting it to a charging station.

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© Epattloamer

(a) The battery voltage is 385 V.

(i) State the amount of energy transferred when one coulomb of charge passes
through a potential difference of 385 V.
(1)

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energy transferred = .............................................. J

(ii) Show that, when a charge of 180000 C passes through the battery, the total
amount of energy transferred to the battery is about 70 MJ.
(2)

(iii) During the charging process, energy is also transferred to the charging station
from the mains supply.
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Explain why the amount of energy transferred from the mains supply is more
than 70 MJ.
(2)

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16
*P46802A01620*
 (b) Charging takes 110 minutes and causes a total charge of 180000 C to pass
through the battery.
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(i) State the equation linking charge, current and time.

(1)

(ii) Calculate the average charging current in the battery.

(3)

current = .............................................. A
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(Total for Question 8 = 9 marks)

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17
*P46802A01720* Turn over
9 Explain how the transmission of electrical power is made more efficient by using
step-up and step-down transformers.
(5)

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(Total for Question 9 = 5 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

18
*P46802A01820*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P

Friday 17 June 2016 – Morning Paper Reference

KPH0/2P
Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2P

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
• The
The total mark for this paper is 60.
• – usemarks for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try toyour
Write answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P45692A
©2016 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P45692A0120*
1/1/1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

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pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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2
*P45692A0220*
 Answer ALL questions.
1 Unstable nuclei can emit particles.
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(a) Which of these particles has the largest charge?

(1)
A alpha particle
B beta particle
C neutron
D proton

(b) Which of these particles has the largest mass?

(1)
A alpha particle
B beta particle
C neutron
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D proton

(c) The maximum range of a beta particle in air is about

(1)
A 50 mm
B 50 cm
C 50 m
D 50 km

(d) When a nucleus emits a beta particle

(1)
A the nucleon number decreases by 1
B the nucleon number increases by 1
C the proton number decreases by 1
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D the proton number increases by 1

(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)

3
*P45692A0320* Turn over
2 A remote control emits infrared waves to operate a television.

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Source: www.lemon-digital.co.uk ©science.howstuffworks.com

(a) The television receives infrared waves and radio waves.

It emits light waves and sound waves.
Which type of wave has the highest frequency?
(1)

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A infrared
B light
C radio
D sound

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4
*P45692A0420*
 (b) The graph shows how the strength of the infrared signal from the remote control
varies with time.
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10
9
8
7
6
signal strength
5
in arbitrary units
4
3
2
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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time in ms

(i) Explain how the graph shows that the infrared signal is digital.
(1)

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(ii) Suggest two ways that this signal could be made to carry more information.
(2)

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2 . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 2 = 4 marks)

5
*P45692A0520* Turn over
3 A student investigates how air vibrates in a plastic pipe.
She blocks one end of the pipe and blows across the other end.

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The pipe emits a sound with a steady pitch.
The student uses a microphone to monitor the sound.
(a) Explain the meaning of the pitch of a sound.
(2)

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(b) The student measures the length of the pipe and the frequency of the
microphone signal for two different lengths of pipe.

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(i) Name two instruments that she will need for these measurements.
(2)

1 . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(ii) Name the dependent and independent variables in her investigation.

(2)

dependent variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

independent variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................................................... ....................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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6
*P45692A0620*
 (c) The student collects this data.
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Length of pipe in m Frequency of signal in Hz

2 42
1½ 57

Suggest three ways to improve this investigation.

(3)

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2 . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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3 . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)

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7
*P45692A0720* Turn over
4 Magnetic field lines show the shape and direction of a magnetic field.
(a) The diagram shows a cross-section through a wire placed between two magnetic

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poles.
The wire carries electric current into the page at X.
The shape of the magnetic field is shown.

N pole

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wire

S pole

(i) Add arrows to two of the magnetic field lines to show the direction of the
magnetic field.
(1)
(ii) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the force on the wire.
Label this arrow F.
(2)

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8
*P45692A0820*
 (b) The wire is removed and the magnetic field between the poles changes.
Sketch the new magnetic field.
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(2)

N pole

S pole
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9
*P45692A0920* Turn over
 (c) Explain how you could use a plotting compass to investigate the magnetic field
around a bar magnet.

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You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)

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(Total for Question 4 = 8 marks) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

10
*P45692A01020*
5 A man uses a wheelbarrow to carry some logs along a flat path, as shown.

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©http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:wheelbarrow_%28PSF%29.png

(a) He pushes with a horizontal force of 140N and the wheelbarrow moves 39m.
(i) State the relationship between work done, force and distance moved.
(1)

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(ii) Calculate the work done moving the wheelbarrow.
(2)

work done = ........................................ J

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(iii) State how much energy is transferred to the wheelbarrow.

(1)

energy transferred = ........................................ J

12
*P45692A01220*
 (b) The man stops and holds the wheelbarrow horizontally, as shown.
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pivot

0.6m 0.8m

470N

The man exerts a total upward force of F N.

The weight of the loaded wheelbarrow is 470N.
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(i) Mark X on the diagram to indicate the centre of gravity of the loaded
wheelbarrow.
(1)
(ii) State the equation linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from the
pivot.
(1)

(iii) Calculate the force F.

(4)
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force F = ........................................ N

(Total for Question 5 = 10 marks)

13
*P45692A01320* Turn over
6 The photograph shows a hammer just before it hits a nail.

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(a) The mass of the hammer is 0.50kg.
When it hits the nail, the hammer is travelling downwards with a velocity of 3.1m/s.
(i) State the relationship between momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

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(ii) Calculate the momentum of the hammer.
(2)

momentum = .............................................................. kg m/s

(iii) The hammer stops quickly when it hits the nail.

The momentum of the hammer reduces to zero in 0.070s.
Calculate the amount of force that causes this to happen.
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(2)

force = ........................................ N

14
*P45692A01420*
 (b) As it enters the wood, the nail exerts a force on the wood.
At the same time, the wood exerts a force on the nail.
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Explain how these two forces are related.

(2)

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(c) Both ends of the nail exert pressure when the nail goes into the wood.
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Explain why the nail exerts more pressure on the wood than it does on the
hammer.
(2)

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(Total for Question 6 = 9 marks)

15
*P45692A01520* Turn over
7 A man pushes a metal trolley along a corridor towards a lift.
The trolley has nylon wheels and the floor of the corridor is covered with plastic.

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The man wears shoes with rubber soles.

As he moves the trolley, the man gains an electric charge.

(a) Explain how the man gains an electric charge.
(2)

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16
*P45692A01620*
 (b) The man presses a metal button to operate the lift.
There is a spark and the man receives an electric shock.
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The spark lasts for 75ms and 0.0017C of charge passes.

(i) State the equation linking charge, current and time.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the average current in the spark.

Give the unit.
(3)
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current = ........................................ unit ........................................

(c) Metal appliances, such as the lift button, are earthed for safety.
Explain why the man receives a shock even though the button is properly
earthed.
(3)

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(Total for Question 7 = 9 marks)

17
*P45692A01720* Turn over
8 A cooling tower is designed to transfer thermal energy away from a power station.

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© Copyright Alan Murray-Rust

(a) Thermal energy from the power station warms the air inside the cooling tower.
Air enters through holes at the bottom of the cooling tower and leaves through
the top.

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air warmed here

Explain why the air moves as shown by the arrows.

(4)
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18
*P45692A01820*
 (b) Hot water from the power station is sprayed into the cooling tower, as shown.
As it falls through the air, some of the hot water evaporates.
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The rest of the water is collected and returned as cold water to the power station.

hot water enters

ground level
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water collected here cold water leaves

Explain how evaporation cools the water.

(3)

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(Total for Question 8 = 7 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

19
*P45692A01920*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Paper: 2PR

Friday 17 June 2016 – Morning Paper Reference

Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2PR

You must have: Total Marks
Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
• The
The total mark for this paper is 60.
• – usemarks for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try toyour
Write answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P46080A
©2016 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P46080A0120*
1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

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pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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2
*P46080A0220*
 Answer ALL questions.
1 Communicaton signals are often transmitted in digital form.

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(a) Sketch a graph to show how a digital signal varies with time.
(2)

0
time

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(b) Describe the advantages of using digital signals rather than analogue signals.
(2)

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(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)

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4
*P46080A0420*
 2 A student is given an unknown electrical component, X.
He uses a circuit to investigate how the current in X varies with the voltage across it.
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(a) Which of these circuits is correct for his investigation?

(1)

+ – + –

A V

X X

V A

A B

+ – + –
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X X V

V A

C D
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*P46080A0520* Turn over
 (b) The table shows the student’s results.

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Voltage across X Current in X
in V in A
0 0
3.0 0.5
14.5 2.3
19.5 2.9
25.0 3.2
29.5 3.3

(i) Plot a graph of these results and draw a curve of best fit.
(4)

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current
in A

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voltage in V

6
*P46080A0620*
 (ii) State the equation linking voltage, current and resistance.
(1)
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(iii) Calculate the resistance of component X when the voltage across it is 10.0 V.
Give the unit.
(4)

resistance = .............................................................. unit ...............................

(iv) Describe the pattern shown by this graph.

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(3)

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(v) Suggest a conclusion for the investigation.

(2)

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(Total for Question 2 = 15 marks)

7
*P46080A0720* Turn over
3 Many food shops have devices that attract and kill flying insects.
The devices consist of

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• an ultraviolet lamp
• a plastic mesh on the outside
• an electrified wire grid below the plastic mesh
• a transformer that is connected to the wire grid

ultraviolet lamp

plastic mesh

electrified wire grid

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(a) The ultraviolet lamp attracts many flying insects towards the device.
Ultraviolet is an electromagnetic wave.
(i) State two properties of electromagnetic waves.
(2)

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(ii) Which of these electromagnetic radiations has a frequency greater than

ultraviolet?
(1)
A infrared
B gamma rays
C radio waves
D visible light

8
*P46080A0820*
 (b) The transformer supplies an output voltage of 2000 V a.c. to the wire grid.
The input voltage to the transformer is 230 V a.c.
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(i) Give the name of this type of transformer.

(1)

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(ii) State the relationship between input (primary) voltage,

output (secondary) voltage, primary turns and secondary turns.
(1)

(iii) There are 110 turns on the primary coil.

Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil.
(3)
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number of turns .............................................

(iv) Suggest a reason why there is a plastic mesh on the outside of the device.
(1)
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(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)

9
*P46080A0920* Turn over
4 (a) The diagram shows the fuel used in some nuclear reactors.
The fuel is contained inside spheres.

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The silicon carbide layer of each sphere is designed to contain the fission
products for at least one million years.

graphite

60 mm silicon carbide

fuel

section through a fuel sphere

(i) Give the name of a fuel that could be used.

(1)

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(ii) Explain what is meant by the term fission products.

(2)

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(iii) Explain why it is important to contain these fission products for such a long time.
(2)
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*P46080A01020*
 (iv) The graphite layer in every fuel sphere acts as a moderator.
What is the function of the moderator in a nuclear reactor?
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(1)

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(v) The nuclear reactor also contains boron control rods.

Explain why it is dangerous to remove most of the control rods from the reactor.
(2)

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(b) The reactor is cooled with helium gas.

The gas enters the reactor at 500 °C.
(i) What is this temperature in kelvin?
(1)

temperature = ............................................. K

(ii) Helium gas enters the reactor at a pressure of 8.40 MPa and leaves the reactor
at a temperature of 1170 K.
Calculate the pressure of the helium gas as it leaves the reactor.
[assume the volume of the gas does not change]
(3)
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pressure = ............................................. MPa

(Total for Question 4 = 12 marks)

11
*P46080A01120* Turn over
5 (a) A boy of mass 43.2 kg runs and jumps onto a stationary skateboard.

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The boy lands on the skateboard with a horizontal velocity of 4.10 m/s.
(i) State the relationship between momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(ii) The skateboard has a mass of 2.50 kg.

Using ideas about conservation of momentum, calculate the combined

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velocity of the boy and skateboard just after the boy lands on it.
(4)

combined velocity = ............................................. m/s

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*P46080A01220*
 (b) The boy holds a heavy ball as he stands on a stationary skateboard.
The boy throws the ball forwards while still standing on the skateboard.
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Explain what happens to the boy and the skateboard.

(2)

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(Total for Question 5 = 7 marks)

13
*P46080A01320* Turn over
6 The table gives information about some ways to generate electrical power.

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Maximum Time to reach
Type of Relative fuel
power output maximum
power station cost
in MW power

wind farm 20 variable none

gas turbine 600 15 minutes medium

tidal scheme 6000 variable none

nuclear power station 1200 2 days low

coal-fired power station 1800 3 hours high

An electricity supply company has enough power stations to cover the normal
demand for electricity but not enough for cold conditions.
On cold days the demand for electrical power can suddenly increase by 20 000 MW.

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The company needs to build new power stations to meet this increased demand.

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14
*P46080A01420*
 Using only information in the table, evaluate which types of power station would be
the most suitable to meet this increased demand.
(5)
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(Total for Question 6 = 5 marks)

15
*P46080A01520* Turn over
7 The diagram shows a gate with a lever-operated catch.
A loop on the bolt fits around the lever-arm at A.

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B

lever-arm

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bolt
A

loop

spring

pivot

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(a) (i) Describe how the lever-arm is used to move the bolt.
(1)

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(ii) Suggest why the spring is needed.

(1)

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*P46080A01620*
 (b) The lever-arm operates using the principle of moments.
(i) State the principle of moments.
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(1)

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(ii) The force applied at point B is 22 N.

The pivot is 110 cm from point B and 38 cm from point A.
Calculate the force exerted on the lever-arm at point A by the spring.
(3)
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force at point A = ............................................. N

(iii) Explain how the force applied at point B would need to change if the distance
from the pivot to point A is increased.
(2)

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(Total for Question 7 = 8 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

17
*P46080A01720*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P

Thursday 19 January 2017 – Afternoon Paper Reference

KPH0/2P
Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2P

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• – there may
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• your
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 60.
• – usemarks
The for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer
Try to every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P48394A
©2017 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P48394A0116*
1/1/1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

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pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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2
*P48394A0216*
 Answer ALL questions.
1 (a) The table gives some properties of different types of radiation.
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Type of radiation Nature Relative charge Ionising ability

alpha (α) helium nucleus high

beta (β) –1 medium

gamma (γ) electromagnetic wave 0 low

(i) Complete the table by giving the two missing properties.

(2)
(ii) Which type of radiation from the table has the lowest penetrating power?
(1)
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(iii) Which types of radiation from the table can be completely absorbed by 5 mm
of aluminium?
(1)

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(b) Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon.

It decays by beta emission to form an isotope of nitrogen.
Complete the nuclear equation for the decay of carbon-14.
(2)

14
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C N + β
6 –1

(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)

3
*P48394A0316* Turn over
2 (a) State the principle of moments.
(2)

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(b) A student uses the principle of moments to find the weight of a rock.
This is the student’s method.
● he balances a metre rule at its mid-point on a pivot
● he hangs a beaker from the 40 cm mark on the rule
● he places the rock in the beaker
● he then hangs a 0.2 N plastic strip from the rule on the other side of the pivot

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● he adjusts the position of the plastic strip until the rule balances

metre rule

rock and beaker 0.2 N plastic

at 40 cm pivot at 50 cm strip at 80 cm

(i) Describe how the student could use an electronic balance to check that the
plastic strip weighs 0.2 N.
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(2)

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4
*P48394A0416*
 (ii) Suggest how the student could improve the precision of one of his measurements.
(1)
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(iii) State the equation linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from the pivot.
(1)

(iv) Use the principle of moments to calculate the force acting on the metre rule
at the 40 cm mark.
(3)
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force = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

(v) Suggest a reason why the weight of the rock will be different from your
calculated force.
(1)

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(Total for Question 2 = 10 marks)

5
*P48394A0516* Turn over
3 (a) Which of these statements about sound waves is not correct?
(1)

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A sound waves can be refracted
B sound waves are transverse
C sound waves can be diffracted
D sound waves transmit energy

(b) A student uses a microphone and an oscilloscope to display a sound wave.

The diagram shows the trace on the oscilloscope screen.

oscilloscope settings:

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y direction: 1 square = 1 V
x direction: 1 square = 0.01 s

(i) Calculate the frequency of this sound wave.

(3)

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frequency = .................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz

(ii) On the diagram, draw the signal for a quieter sound wave of a higher pitch.
(2)

(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)

6
*P48394A0616*
 4 A student investigates how adding insulation to a beaker of hot water changes the rate
at which the water cools down.
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(a) The student writes this plan for her investigation.

I will use five beakers of the same size.

I will wrap each beaker with a different number of layers of the same
type of insulation.
3
I will pour 300 cm of boiling water into each beaker and wait until the
temperature of the water falls to 85 °C.

I will then start a timer and record the final temperature of the water
after 15 minutes.
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(i) State the independent variable in the student’s investigation.

(1)

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(ii) State the dependent variable in the student’s investigation.

(1)

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*P48394A0716* Turn over
(b) The table shows the student’s results.

Number of layers Final temperature Temperature

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of insulation in °C difference in °C
0 43 42

1 38

2 35

3 35

4 35

(i) Complete the table by calculating the final temperatures.

The first one has been done for you.
(2)

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(ii) Draw a bar chart to show the relationship between number of layers of
insulation and temperature difference.
(4)

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8
*P48394A0816*
 (iii) Describe the relationship between the number of layers of insulation and the
temperature difference.
(2)
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(iv) Suggest how the student could improve the reliability of her results.
(1)

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(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)

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9
*P48394A0916* Turn over
5 The photograph shows a halogen lamp.

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(a) The halogen lamp has a power of 50 W when operating at its normal voltage.
Calculate the amount of electrical energy transferred to the halogen lamp in 40 hours.
(3)

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electrical energy transferred = ........................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J
(b) A student notices that in addition to producing light, the lamp also gets hot.
She concludes that the lamp cannot be 100% efficient.
Explain whether the student’s conclusion is correct.
(2)

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10
*P48394A01016*
 (c) The lamp must not be connected directly to mains voltage.
A step-down transformer must be used.
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Describe the structure of a step-down transformer.

You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)

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(d) A step-down transformer reduces voltage from 230 V to 12 V.

The secondary current is 4.2 A.
(i) State the equation linking input power and output power for a transformer.
[assume that the transformer is 100% efficient]
(1)
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(ii) Calculate the primary current.

(3)

primary current = ......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A

(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)

11
*P48394A01116* Turn over
6 (a) Which of these quantities is a scalar?
(1)

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A acceleration
B energy
C force
D velocity

(b) The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on a van at a particular instant,
as it accelerates.

air resistance
and friction
1250 N
driving force
8000 N

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(i) Calculate the resultant horizontal force acting on the van.
(1)

resultant force = ......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

(ii) State the equation linking resultant force, mass and acceleration.
(1)

(iii) The mass of the van is 2500 kg.

Calculate the acceleration of the van.
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Give the unit.
(3)

acceleration = ................................................................. unit .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12
*P48394A01216*
 (c) The graph shows how the velocity of a van changes with time.
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velocity

0–
–

–
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
time in s

Explain the shape of the graph.

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Use ideas about forces in your answer.

(5)
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(Total for Question 6 = 11 marks)

13
*P48394A01316* Turn over
7 A student uses a pressure sensor to measure the pressure of air in a sealed flask.

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pressure sensor

temperature sensor

flask containing air

(a) The pressure sensor measures pressure in pascals (Pa).

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Which of these is equivalent to pascals (Pa)?
(1)
A joules per metre (J/m)
B joules per square metre (J/m2)
C newtons per metre (N/m)
D newtons per square metre (N/m2)

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14
*P48394A01416*
 (b) The student places the flask in a beaker containing hot water.
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beaker containing
hot water

The pressure of the air in the flask increases.

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Explain why the pressure of the air in the flask increases.

Use ideas about molecules in your answer.
(3)

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(Total for Question 7 = 4 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

15
*P48394A01516*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P

Friday 16 June 2017 – Morning Paper Reference

KPH0/2P
Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2P

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 60.
• – usemarks
The for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer
Try to every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

*P48085A0120*
P48085A
©2017 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1/1/
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

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pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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2
*P48085A0220*
 Answer ALL questions.

1 (a) Which of these is a scalar quantity?

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(1)
A weight
B mass
C momentum
D velocity

(b) Which of these is a vector quantity?

(1)
A acceleration
B temperature
C charge
D density
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(c) The diagrams show the forces acting on four balls falling in air.
Which diagram shows a ball decelerating as it falls?
(1)

6N 6N 6N

3N
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3N 3N

6N 6N

A B C D

(Total for Question 1 = 3 marks)

3
*P48085A0320* Turn over
 2 (a) A student passes a thick wire vertically through the centre of a horizontal card.
He then passes a current through the wire in an upwards direction, as shown in
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the diagram.
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(i) On the diagram, draw the shape and direction of the magnetic field produced
by the current in the wire.
(3)

(ii) Describe a method that the student could use to show that a magnetic field is
produced by the current in the wire.
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(2)

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5
*P48085A0520* Turn over
(b) In a relay, an electromagnet is used to operate a switch.
The diagram shows how the relay is used to turn a lamp on and off in another circuit.

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contacts

pivot

soft iron
armature

relay circuit

switch

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(i) The table gives some statements about how the relay works.
Put numbers in the boxes to show the correct order sequence needed to turn on
the lamp.
One has been done for you.
(3)

Statements Order

the switch is closed

the lamp is on 6

the armature is attracted

the contacts are pushed together

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the electromagnet is magnetised

the armature rotates

6
*P48085A0620*
 (ii) Explain why the lamp turns off when the switch is opened.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 2 = 10 marks)

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7
*P48085A0720* Turn over
3 A teacher uses this apparatus to demonstrate atmospheric pressure.

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metal can

water

The teacher puts a small amount of water into a metal can and heats it until the water boils.
(a) Describe what happens to the water particles inside the can when the water is heated.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Water in the can boils to form steam.

Describe how the arrangement of particles in the water differs from the arrangement of
particles in the steam.
You may draw diagrams to help your answer.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8
*P48085A0820*
 (c) The teacher quickly inverts the can containing boiling water into a bowl of cold
water, as shown in the diagram.
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large bowl of
cold water

When the can is inverted in the cold water, the can collapses.
Use ideas about particles and pressure to explain why the can collapses.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)

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9
*P48085A0920* Turn over
4 This question is about electric charge.
(a) When a balloon is rubbed with a cloth, the balloon becomes negatively charged.

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Tick () the two correct statements in the table.
(2)

Statement Tick

negatively charged particles move from the cloth onto the balloon

positively charged particles are rubbed off the balloon

negatively charged particles on the balloon are protons

the cloth becomes positively charged

(b) When petrol passes through a delivery pipe, electrostatic charge can build up as
shown in the diagram.

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delivery
pipe
petrol
petrol
tank

(i) Give a reason why a build-up of charge can be dangerous.

(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) State how the build-up of electrostatic charge can be prevented.

(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10
*P48085A01020*
 (c) The diagram shows coffee granules passing through a funnel into a container.
As the granules pass through the funnel, they gain an electrostatic charge and
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spread out as they fall.

funnel

granules

container

Explain, in terms of charges, why the granules spread out.

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(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)

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11
*P48085A01120* Turn over
5 A student uses a dog whistle to produce a high frequency sound wave that cannot be
heard by humans.

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(a) State the frequency range for human hearing.
(2)

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(b) The student uses an oscilloscope to display the sound wave.

(i) Name the other piece of apparatus the student would need in order to display
the sound wave.
(1)

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(ii) Describe how the student should use the apparatus to determine the
frequency of the sound.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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12
*P48085A01220*
 (iii) The student obtains this trace on the oscilloscope.
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On the grid, draw a trace of a quieter sound with double the frequency.
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(2)

(Total for Question 5 = 8 marks)

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13
*P48085A01320* Turn over
 6 (a) The table shows how the activity of a sample of plutonium-238 varies with time.
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Time in years 0 50 100 150 200 250

Activity in Bq 980 660 450 305 205 140

(i) Plot a graph of activity (y-axis) against time (x-axis).

(4)
(ii) Draw the curve of best fit.
(1)
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(iii) Use your graph to find the half-life of plutonium-238.

Show your working.
(2)

half-life = ............................................................. years

15
*P48085A01520* Turn over
 (b) Plutonium-238 transfers thermal energy as it decays. This energy is used to power
heater units in spacecraft.

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The diagram shows a module from a heater unit.

plutonium-238 pellet

solid ceramic block

(i) Plutonium-238 transfers thermal energy at a rate of 0.56 W for every gram of
plutonium.
Calculate the rate of thermal energy output from a pellet of plutonium-238
with mass 2.7 g.
(1)

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rate of thermal energy output = ............................................ . . . . . . . W

(ii) When plutonium-238 decays, it only emits alpha particles.

Explain why a technician can hold a module from the heater unit safely in
their hand.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16
*P48085A01620*
 (c) A space probe called Cassini was sent to the planet Saturn on a mission that
lasted several years.
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Plutonium-238 was used to generate electricity on Cassini.

Explain why it was important to use plutonium-238 rather than another isotope
with a shorter half-life.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 12 marks)

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17
*P48085A01720* Turn over
7 The table gives some measurements about a raindrop.

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mass of raindrop 0.000 035 kg
distance raindrop falls 1200 m
speed of raindrop as it hits the ground 8.8 m/s

(a) (i) State the relationship between momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the momentum of the raindrop as it hits the ground.

Give the unit.
(3)

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momentum = ..................................... unit ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) (i) State the equation linking gravitational potential energy, mass, g and height.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy (GPE), when the
raindrop falls 1200 m above the ground.
(2)
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GPE = ............................... . . . . . . . . . . J

(iii) State the kinetic energy (KE) of the raindrop as it hits the ground.
[assume no energy losses]
(1)

KE = ...................... . . . . . . . . . . J
18
*P48085A01820*
 (c) (i) State the equation linking kinetic energy, mass and speed.
(1)
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(ii) Show that the speed of the raindrop as it hits the ground would be about 150 m/s.
[assume no energy losses]
(3)
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(iii) Explain why the actual speed of the raindrop as it hits the ground is much less
than 150 m/s.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 14 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

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19
*P48085A01920*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Paper: 2P

Thursday 18 January 2018 – Afternoon Paper Reference

Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2P

You must have: Total Marks
Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 60.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.

Turn over

P53282A
©2018 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P53282A0120*
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

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pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m / s2.

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2
*P53282A0220*
 Answer ALL questions.
1 (a) The table lists some energy sources.
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Put ticks in boxes to show which energy sources are non-renewable.

(3)

Energy source Tick

wind

oil

coal

geothermal
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bio-gas

nuclear

(b) Give an advantage and a disadvantage of using fossil fuels to generate electricity.
(2)

advantage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

disadvantage ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

3
*P53282A0320* Turn over
2 (a) (i) State the relationship between power, current and voltage.
(1)

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(ii) A lamp with a power of 6.5 W is connected to a 230 V supply.
Calculate the current in the lamp.
(3)

current = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A

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 (b) Three switches, S1, S2 and S3, are used to control a lamp in a large room.
Each switch can be up or down, and each switch can turn the lamp on or off.
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230 V a.c.

S1 up S2 up S3 up

230 V a.c.
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S1 down S2 down S3 down

When all three switches are up, the lamp is on.

When all three switches are down, the lamp is off.
Complete the table by giving the missing information.
(3)

S1 S2 S3 Lamp

up up up on
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down down down off

up up down

down up off

up down on

(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)

5
*P53282A0520* Turn over
3 A student investigates different properties of waves.
(a) He uses this ripple tank to investigate diffraction.

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barrier

water tray

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The ripple tank produces plane waves.
These waves hit a barrier with a gap in it.
The student keeps the wavelength constant but varies the size of the gap in the barrier.
Complete the diagrams to show what happens to the plane waves as they go through the
different sized gaps in the barrier.
(3)

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6
*P53282A0620*
 (b) The student removes the barrier and investigates what happens when the plane wave
travels into a shallow part of the ripple tank.
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(i) State the relationship between the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave.
(1)

(ii) Waves in the deep part of the ripple tank have a speed of 6.0 cm/s and
a wavelength of 4.0 cm.
Waves in the shallow part of the ripple tank have a speed of 4.0 cm/s.
The frequency of the waves stays the same.
Show that the wavelength in the shallow part of the ripple tank is
approximately 3 cm.
(3)
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(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)

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7
*P53282A0720* Turn over
4 This question is about collisions.
The diagram shows ball A moving in the direction shown by the arrow.

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Ball A collides with ball B, a stationary ball of the same mass and size as ball A.

10 m/s
ball A ball B

(a) State the principle of conservation of momentum.

(1)

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.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Ball A collides with ball B.

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Ɣ before the collision, ball A moves with a velocity of 10 m/s
Ɣ after the collision, ball B moves in the same direction as ball A with a velocity of 8 m/s
Ɣ ball A continues to move in the same direction, but at a lower velocity
Calculate the velocity of ball A after the collision.
[mass of each ball = 0.16 kg]
(3)

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velocity of ball A = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s

8
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 (c) During the collision some kinetic energy is lost.
Calculate the kinetic energy lost in the collision.
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1
[kinetic energy = × mass × velocity2 ]
2 (3)

kinetic energy lost = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

(Total for Question 4 = 7 marks)

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9
*P53282A0920* Turn over
 5 A teacher demonstrates the effect of air pressure.
(a) The teacher inflates a balloon and places it inside a bell jar.
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He fixes the bell jar firmly to a bench.

He then uses a pump to remove some of the air from the bell jar.
The balloon increases in size.

to pump to pump

bell jar
balloon bell jar
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before removing air after removing air

Explain, in terms of kinetic theory of particles, why the balloon increases in size.
(4)

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11
*P53282A01120* Turn over
 (b) The teacher then sets up this apparatus.

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water level in tube narrow tube

bung trapped air

beaker coloured water

He uses a bung fitted with a narrow tube, and a beaker containing some coloured water.
He pushes the bung into the beaker trapping some air. Water rises up the narrow tube.

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(i) Explain what would happen to the pressure of the trapped air if the bung is pushed
further into the beaker.
(2)

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain what would happen to the water level in the narrow tube if the bung
is pushed further into the beaker.
(2)

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.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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*P53282A01220*
 (iii) Explain what would happen to the water level in the narrow tube if the
pressure of the air outside the beaker increases.
(2)
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.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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(Total for Question 5 = 10 marks)

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13
*P53282A01320* Turn over
6 A student uses this apparatus to investigate how the strength of the magnetic field in
a current-carrying coil varies as the current changes.

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20 cm
8 cm

N wooden rod
S
pivot

weight
holder

to power supply

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This is the student’s method.
Ɣ attach a small magnet to one end of a wooden rod
Ɣ place the rod on a pivot that is 8 cm from the magnet
Ɣ attach a weight holder to the other end of the rod
Ɣ place a current-carrying coil underneath the magnet
(a) A weight of 0.1 N is needed to balance the rod when the current in the coil is zero.
Calculate the weight of the magnet.
[ignore weight of rod and weight holder]
(3)

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weight of magnet = . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

14
*P53282A01420*
 (b) The student increases the current and observes that the rod rotates anticlockwise
and the magnet moves towards the coil.
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Explain this observation.

(3)

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15
*P53282A01520* Turn over
(c) The student adds weights to balance the rod for different currents.
The table shows her results.

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Current Total weight added
in A in N
0.0 0.1
0.1 0.5
0.5 2.1
0.7 2.5
0.9 3.7
1.1 4.5

(i) Plot a graph of the student’s results, with the independent variable on the x-axis.
(4)

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(ii) Draw a straight line of best fit.
(1)

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16
*P53282A01620*
 (iii) Suggest why the student should repeat the reading for a current of 0.7 A.
(2)
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.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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(iv) Describe the relationship between the current and the force produced by the
magnetic field.
(2)

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(v) Estimate the weight needed to balance the rod when the current is 2 A.
(2)

weight needed = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

(Total for Question 6 = 17 marks)

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17
*P53282A01720* Turn over
7 A student uses a solution of solvent and oil to estimate the length of an oil molecule.
(a) (i) Name an instrument that the student could use to accurately measure 10 cm3

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of the solution.
(1)

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) The student uses a dropper to produce drops of the solution.

There are 2000 drops in 10 cm3 of the solution.
Calculate the volume of 1 drop.
(1)

volume of 1 drop = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm3

(b) The student adds a drop of the solution to a tray of water.
She measures the diameter of the oil film that forms.

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dropper

diameter
of oil film

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The student measures the diameter of the oil film several times.
The table shows her results.

Diameter in mm 305 301 297 298 303

18
*P53282A01820*
 (i) Calculate the average (mean) diameter of the oil film.
Give your answer to three significant figures.
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(2)

average diameter = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm

(ii) When the drop touches the water, the solvent evaporates and an oil film forms
with thickness equal to the length of one oil molecule.
The volume of the oil film is 1.0 mm3.
The thickness of the oil film can be found using the formula
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volume = ʌ r2t
[r = radius of film, t = thickness of film]
Calculate the length of one oil molecule.
(3)

length = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm

(Total for Question 7 = 7 marks)

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TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

19
*P53282A01920*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Paper: 2P

Friday 15 June 2018 – Morning Paper Reference

Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2P

You must have: Total Marks
Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• your
Some
 questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 60.
• – usemarks

T he for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer
Try to every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

*P52401A0120*
P52401A
©2018 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1/

EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

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pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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2
*P52401A0220*

Answer ALL questions.
1 (a) Which of these quantities is a vector?

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(1)
A acceleration
B energy
C power
D speed

(b) Which of these is a correct unit for momentum?

(1)
A kg m/s
B kg m2/s
C kg m/s2

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D kg m2/s2

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4
*P52401A0420*


(c) The photograph shows a toy train at rest on a horizontal surface.

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(i) Why is the toy train at rest?

(1)
A a resultant downward force acts on the train
B a resultant upward force acts on the train
C no resultant force acts on the train
D no forces act on the train
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(ii) The mass of the toy train is 150 g.

State the equation linking weight, mass and gravitational field strength, g.
(1)

(iii) Calculate the weight of the toy train.

(3)
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weight = ........................................................ . . . . . . . N

(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

5
*P52401A0520* Turn over

2 This question is about waves.
(a) Diagram 1 shows a small boat on the surface of the sea.

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The boat moves up and down as water waves pass underneath it.

Scale 1:200

Diagram 1
(i) Using diagram 1, calculate the wavelength of the water waves.
[1 cm on the diagram = 200 cm]
(2)

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wavelength = ............................................................ . . . cm
(ii) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
(1)

(iii) The frequency of the water wave is 0.4 Hz.

Calculate the speed of the water wave.
(2)

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speed = .............................................................. . m/s

(iv) Water waves are transverse.
State another example of a transverse wave.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6
*P52401A0620*


(b) Diagram 2 shows waves passing through an opening in a harbour wall, with a boat
in a calm area of water where there are no waves.
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opening
harbour wall

boat

water wavefront
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Diagram 2

(i) State the wave phenomenon that causes the waves to spread out as they pass
through the opening in the harbour wall.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Discuss what would happen to the boat if the size of the opening in the
harbour wall changed.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 2 = 10 marks)

7
*P52401A0720* Turn over


3 A student uses this apparatus to investigate how the angle of a ramp affects the time taken
for a toy car to travel down the ramp.
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toy car

ramp

angle of
the ramp B

This is the student’s method.

● set the angle of the ramp to 10° and measure the time for the car to travel from A to B
● repeat the experiment for five different angles, using the same car travelling from A to B
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(a) The table lists some variables in this investigation.

Place one tick (P) in each row to show the independent, dependent and control variables.
(4)

Independent Dependent Control

variable variable variable

Type of toy car

Time to travel from A to B

Angle of ramp
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Distance travelled down ramp

9
*P52401A0920* Turn over

(b) These are the student’s results.

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angle = 10°, time = 1.16 s

angle = 50°, time = 0.54 s

angle = 20°, time = 0.86 s

angle = 30°, time = 0.50 s

angle = 40°, time = 0.59 s

Draw a table of the student’s results.

(3)

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10
*P52401A01020*


(c) The graph shows the results of the student’s investigation.

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1.20 –

1.00 –
time
in s
0.80 –

0.60 –

0.40 –
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10 20 30 40 50
angle in degrees

(i) Circle the anomalous point on the graph.

(1)
(ii) Suggest how the student should deal with the anomalous result.
(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Draw the curve of best fit on the graph.

(1)
(iv) Suggest why the student did not start either axis from zero.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 3 = 11 marks)

11
*P52401A01120* Turn over

4 A student uses an electromagnet to pick up small pieces of metal made from iron and steel.
(a) Describe the construction of an electromagnet.

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You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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12
*P52401A01220*


(b) When the student turns off the electromagnet, he observes that the pieces of steel
remain on the electromagnet but the pieces of iron fall off.
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Explain this observation.

(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)

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13
*P52401A01320* Turn over

5 The table and graph show the melting points of different metals.

200 –

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Melting
point
in °C
160 –

120 –

Melting point
Metal
in °C
80 –
lithium 180
sodium 97
potassium 63 40 –

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rubidium 39

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caesium 28
0–
lithium sodium potassium rubidium caesium
Metal

(a) (i) What is the name of the type of graph shown?

(1)

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(ii) Give a reason why this is the correct way to display the data.
(1)

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14
*P52401A01420*


(b) When these metals melt, they turn from a solid into a liquid.
(i) Compare the arrangement and motion of particles in a solid and in a liquid.
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You may draw a diagram to help your answer.

(4)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Describe the changes that occur when a liquid boils to form a gas.
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Refer to particles in your answer.

(2)

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(Total for Question 5 = 8 marks)

15
*P52401A01520* Turn over

6 Two scientists, Geiger and Marsden, used alpha particles to investigate the structure of the atom.
(a) The scientists directed a beam of alpha particles at a thin strip of gold foil.

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They observed that most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil.
State the conclusion that was made about the structure of the atom from this observation.
(1)

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(b) A small number of the alpha particles were deflected by more than 90 degrees as they
passed through the gold foil.
Explain why this shows that the centre of the atom has a positive charge.
(3)

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(Total for Question 6 = 4 marks)

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16
*P52401A01620*


7 A company has 50 holiday homes located on the coast of an island.

The company wants to develop a renewable method of generating electricity for the homes.
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They consider these three options.

● solar cells
● wind turbines
● geothermal
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each option.
(6)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 7 = 6 marks)

17
*P52401A01720* Turn over

8 (a) A man stands on a wooden board to paint a wall, as shown in diagram 1.
The diagram shows some of the forces acting.

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Force X

1.4 m 0.6 m

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620 N
Diagram 1
(i) State the principle of moments.
(1)

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(ii) Calculate force X.

[ignore the weight of the wooden board]
(4)

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force X = ........................................................ . . . . . . . N

18
*P52401A01820*


(b) The man walks to the other end of the wooden board, as shown in diagram 2.
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direction of walking
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Diagram 2
Explain the change in force X as the man walks along the wooden board.
(3)

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(Total for Question 8 = 8 marks)

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TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

19
*P52401A01920*
 Write your name here
Surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Paper: 2PR

Friday 15 June 2018 – Morning Paper Reference

Time: 1 hour 4PH0/2PR

You must have: Total Marks
Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
• Show all steps in any calculations and state the units.
• your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box
about an answer, put a line through the box
. If you change
and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 60.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try toyour
Write answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

*P53311A0116*
P53311A
©2018 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/

EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

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pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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2
*P53311A0216*


Answer ALL questions.

1 The passage is about static electricity.
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Use words from the box to complete the passage.

Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
(4)

atoms    attract    electrons    friction
negatively    positively    protons    repel

A student combs her hair with a plastic comb. Her hair and the comb become charged.

This happens because of the . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................. between her hair

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and the comb. The comb becomes positively charged so her hair becomes
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....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... charged.

The student’s hair sticks out because like charges ............................................................................................. .

When the student moves the comb through her hair, she can hear a crackling sound.

This is caused by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................. transferring from the comb to her hair.

(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)

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3
*P53311A0316* Turn over

2 The photograph shows a machine used to crush metal cans.

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motor

crusher bar

crushed
metal cans

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A metal can is placed under the crusher bar.
The motor pushes the crusher bar downwards.
The diagram shows what happens when a metal can is crushed.

275 kN force

crusher bar
275 kN force

metal can 16.3 cm

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crusher bar
0.8 cm

before after

4
*P53311A0416*


(a) State the equation linking work done, force and distance moved in the direction
of the force.
(1)
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(b) Calculate the work done on the metal can by the force.
Give the unit.
(3)

work done = ............................................... unit ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 2 = 4 marks)

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5
*P53311A0516* Turn over

3 (a) Control rods and moderators are important parts of nuclear reactors.
Draw straight lines linking each part of the reactor with its correct function.

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(2)

Part of reactor Function

releases neutrons

control rod cools neutrons

moderator slows neutrons

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absorbs neutrons

(b) Describe the process of nuclear fission.

(4)

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(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)

6
*P53311A0616*


4 A student investigates magnetic fields.

(a) He places a bar magnet into a tray of steel pins, and then removes the magnet.
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The diagram shows the magnet after it has been removed from the tray.

N S

pin Y
pin X

(i) Explain why pin X is attached to pin Y.

(2)

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(ii) Write a conclusion for the student’s investigation.

(2)

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(iii) The student repeats his investigation, using soft iron pins instead of steel pins.
State what difference the student would observe.
(1)

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*P53311A0716* Turn over

(b) The student then uses an electromagnet made from an insulated coil of wire
wound around a soft iron core to investigate this prediction.

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The strength of an electromagnet increases with the current in the coil.
(i) Explain which is the independent variable in his investigation.
(2)

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(ii) Name two control variables in his investigation.

(2)

1.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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8
*P53311A0816*


(iii) Describe a method that the student could use to perform this investigation.
You should include a circuit diagram.
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(6)

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(Total for Question 4 = 15 marks)

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*P53311A0916* Turn over

5 A space probe was launched in 2007.
Its mission was to visit Ceres, a distant dwarf planet in the asteroid belt.

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(a) The space probe sends data back to Earth as a radio wave.
The sketch graph shows how the radio wave changes as the radio wave travels
in free space towards the Earth.

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distance travelled

(i) State what happens to the amplitude, wavelength and speed of the radio wave
as it travels in free space towards the Earth.
(3)

amplitude ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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wavelength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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speed ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(ii) When the probe was near Ceres, it was difficult to steer the probe by remote control
from Earth.
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Why was it difficult to steer the probe by remote control?

(1)
A there was a time delay for signals travelling to the probe from Earth
B the distance between the asteroid and the Sun changed
C there was a reduced gravitational pull of the Earth on the probe
D the small size of the asteroid made the probe weightless

(iii) The radio signals sent to the probe are digital.

Which row of the table gives a correct comparison of digital radio signals
with analogue radio signals?
(1)

Digital radio signals Analogue radio signals

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A travel faster easier to remove noise

B travel faster harder to remove noise
C travel at the same speed harder to remove noise
D travel at the same speed easier to remove noise

(iv) Which of these is a digital signal?

(1)

B
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11
*P53311A01116* Turn over

(b) The space probe has some solar cells to provide electrical energy.
The total area of the solar cells is 36.4 m2.

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When the space probe is near Earth, each 1.0 m2 of solar cell generates 0.275 kW.
Calculate the electrical power generated by these solar cells.
(2)

electrical power = ........................................... . . . . kW

(c) The probe is propelled by an ion thruster which produces a force of 91 mN.
Calculate the change in momentum that this force produces in 25 minutes.
(3)

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change in momentum = ............................................... kg m / s

(Total for Question 5 = 11 marks)

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12
*P53311A01216*


6 The diagram shows a simple generator.

coil of wire
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direction of rotation

N S

slip rings

axle contacts

The coil of wire rotates at a constant rate.

When the coil of wire rotates, a voltage can be measured across the contacts.
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Use the grid to sketch how the measured voltage varies as the coil of wire rotates.
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(4)

voltage

time
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(Total for Question 6 = 4 marks)

13
*P53311A01316* Turn over

7 The photograph shows a fruit seller using a yard-arm to weigh fruit.

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The yard-arm consists of a steel bar about 1 m long, with a basket at one end and
a moveable weight at the other end.
It is held up by a hook which is fixed to the bar close to the basket.
The diagram shows a yard-arm being used to find the weight of five bananas.

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hook

steel bar

moveable
weight not to
scale

basket of
bananas

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(a) Draw an X on the diagram to show the pivot point.

(1)
(b) State the principle of moments.
(1)

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(c) The support for the basket is 14.1 cm from the pivot.
The moveable weight is 84.6 cm from the pivot and weighs 1.25 N.
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Calculate the weight of the five bananas.

[ignore weight of steel rod and basket]
(3)

weight of five bananas = ...................................................... . . . . . . . . N

(d) Calculate the mass in grams of one banana.
(3)
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mass of one banana= ..................................................... . . . . . . . . . g

(e) Suggest two ways that the fruit seller could alter his yard-arm so that he could
measure larger weights.
(2)

1.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 7 = 10 marks)

TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 8

15
*P53311A01516* Turn over

8 Electromagnetic radiation can affect the human body.
Discuss how excessive exposure to electromagnetic radiation may cause damage to

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the human body.
Refer to the different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in your answer.
(6)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 8 = 6 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material.
Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in
future editions.

16
*P53311A01616*
 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE

Thursday 17 January 2019

Afternoon (Time: 1 hour) Paper Reference 4PH0/2P

Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Paper: 2P

You must have: Total Marks

Calculator, ruler

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• – there may
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 60.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try toyour
Write answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.

Turn over

P61937RA
©2019 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P61937RA0120*
 EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2× π× r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

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pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum
force =
time taken

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m / s2.

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2
*P61937RA0220*
 Answer ALL questions.
1 Planets and moons in the Solar System move in orbits.
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(a) Name the force that causes planets and moons to move in orbits.
(1)

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(b) The diagram shows the orbits of a planet and a moon in the Solar System.
The diagram is not to scale.

....................... . . . . . . . .

...............................
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................... . . . . . . . . . . . .

(i) On the diagram, label the planet, the moon and the Sun.
(2)
(ii) Explain how the time period of the moon’s orbit is different to the time period of the
planet’s orbit.
(2)
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(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

3
*P61937RA0320* Turn over
2 (a) Describe what is meant by the term vector quantity.
(2)

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(b) Complete the table by ticking (3) the correct boxes to show whether each quantity
is a scalar or a vector.
The first one has been done for you.
(3)

Quantity Scalar Vector

energy 3

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speed

weight

acceleration

charge

moment
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(Total for Question 2 = 5 marks)

4
*P61937RA0420*
 3 The diagram shows part of a roller coaster ride.
The car is pulled towards point A and then released.
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car
A
start

B
D
C

(a) Choose letters from the diagram to complete this sentence.

(2)
The car experiences the greatest downwards acceleration at point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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and it has the most kinetic energy at point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The maximum gravitational potential energy of the car is 380 kJ.
The maximum height of the car is 45 m.
Calculate the mass of the car.
[gravitational potential energy = mass × g × height]
(3)
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mass = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg

(Total for Question 3 = 5 marks)

5
*P61937RA0520* Turn over
4 (a) A copper cube has a mass of 0.0717 kg.
(i) Calculate the weight of this copper cube.

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Give the unit.
(2)

weight = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) State the equation linking density, mass and volume.
(1)

(iii) The density of copper in this cube is 8960 kg/m3.

Calculate the volume of this copper cube.

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(2)

volume = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m3

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6
*P61937RA0620*
 (b) The graph shows the masses of some materials when their volume is 1 m3.

9000
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8000

7000

6000

Mass of 1 m3 5000
in kg
4000

3000

2000

1000
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0
water plastic aluminium granite steel brass
Material

(i) State the type of graph shown.

(1)

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(ii) Use information from the graph to compare the densities of granite and steel.
(2)

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(Total for Question 4 = 8 marks)

7
*P61937RA0720* Turn over
 5 This question is about sound.
(a) Describe an investigation to measure the speed of sound in air.
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You may draw a diagram to help your answer.

(6)
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9
*P61937RA0920* Turn over
(b) The speed of sound changes when the temperature changes.
A student investigates how the speed of sound in air varies with temperature.

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The student’s results are shown on the graph.

Speed of sound
in m/s
345

340

335

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330

325

320
−20 −15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15 20
Temperature in °C

(i) Draw a line of best fit on the graph.

(1)
(ii) Use the graph to find the speed of sound when the air temperature is 20 °C.
(2)
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speed of sound = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

10
*P61937RA01020*
 (iii) A ship moves about in fog.
A foghorn is used to make a loud, low-pitched sound to warn any nearby ships.
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The air temperature decreases while the foghorn emits sound waves of a
constant frequency.
Explain how this decrease in temperature affects the wavelength of the
sound waves.
(2)
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(Total for Question 5 = 11 marks)

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11
*P61937RA01120* Turn over
6 An energy company plans to build a new nuclear power station.

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© Bildagentur Zoonar GmbH/Shutterstock

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a nuclear power station to

generate electricity.
(4)

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advantages ...... ............................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 6 = 4 marks)

12
*P61937RA01220*
7 The photograph shows an electrical appliance plug containing a step-down transformer.

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(a) Compare the number of turns on the primary coil of a step-down transformer with
the number of turns on its secondary coil.
(1)

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(b) This transformer is designed to reduce the voltage from 230 V to 5.5 V.
The secondary current is 1.0 A.
(i) State the equation linking primary voltage, primary current, secondary voltage
and secondary current for a transformer.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the primary current in the transformer.

[assume the transformer is 100% efficient]
(2)
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primary current = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A

14
*P61937RA01420*
 (c) A student notices that the electrical applicance plug becomes warm when the
appliance is working.
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Suggest how this will affect the input to the transformer.

[secondary voltage and secondary current do not change]
(2)

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(Total for Question 7 = 6 marks)

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15
*P61937RA01520* Turn over
8 The simplified diagram shows a crane being used to lift a large rock.
The diagram is not to scale.

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1.2 m

P counterweight

F 18 kN 150 kN

length of crane arm

8.0 m
rock

(a) The table gives information about the forces acting on the uniform crane arm.

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Complete the table by giving the missing information.
(1)

Force Name of force

F weight of rock

150 kN weight of counterweight

18 kN

(b) (i) State the equation linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from the pivot.
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(ii) Calculate the clockwise moment of the weight of the counterweight about
the pivot, P.
(2)

moment = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N m
16
*P61937RA01620*
 (c) (i) State the principle of moments.
(1)
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(ii) Calculate the weight of the rock.

(3)
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weight = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

(Total for Question 8 = 8 marks)

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17
*P61937RA01720* Turn over
9 A student investigates the motion of a toy train.
The toy train is released from rest and rolls down the slope.

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toy train

truck

(a) The toy train has a mass of 0.039 kg.

The toy train moves with a velocity of 0.56 m/s when it reaches the bottom of the slope.
(i) State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

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(ii) Calculate the momentum of the toy train when it reaches the bottom of the slope.
(1)

momentum = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg m/s

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18
*P61937RA01820*
 (iii) The toy train hits the truck and they stick together.
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toy train truck

The train and truck move away together with a velocity of 0.26 m/s.
Calculate the mass of the truck.
(3)
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mass = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg

QUESTION 9 CONTINUES ON PAGE 20

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19
*P61937RA01920* Turn over
 (b) The student repeats the investigation using another identical truck connected to
the first truck.

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The student releases the toy train from the top of the slope in the same way
as before.
The toy train hits the trucks and they stick together.

toy train trucks

The toy train and trucks move away together.

The student concludes
“The two trucks are identical, so their velocity will be the same as when
there was just one truck.”

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Discuss whether the student’s conclusion is correct or not.
(3)

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(Total for Question 9 = 8 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

20
*P61937RA02020*
 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE (9–1)

Friday 14 June 2019

Morning (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper Reference 4PH1/2P

Physics
Unit: 4PH1
Paper 2P

You must have: Total Marks

Calculator, ruler

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• mind about
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your
an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Try to answer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Check

Turn over

*P58374A0120*
P58374A
©2019 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/C2

FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I × V × t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

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pressure 
× volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum ( mv − mu )
force = F=
time taken t

change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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2
*P58374A0220*


Answer ALL questions.

1 (a) Which force is responsible for keeping satellites in orbit?

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(1)
A electrostatic
B gravitational
C magnetic
D nuclear

(b) Which of these is the largest?

(1)
A galaxy
B planet
C star
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D universe
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(c) Which of these represents the brightness of stars at a standard distance?

(1)
A absolute magnitude
B colour
C diameter
D temperature

(Total for Question 1 = 3 marks)

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3
*P58374A0320* Turn over

2 A student investigates a transformer.
This is the student’s method.

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● use a primary coil with 10 turns
● connect the primary coil to a constant maximum input voltage
● measure the output voltage across the secondary coil
● repeat using an increasing number of turns on the primary coil
The table shows the student’s results.

Number of turns Output voltage

on primary coil in V

10 39.6

20 19.7

40 9.9

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60 6.6

80 5.0

100 4.0

(a) (i) Plot a graph of the student’s results on the grid.

(1)
(ii) Draw a curve of best fit.
(1)
40

30

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Output voltage
in V 20

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Number of turns on primary coil

4
*P58374A0420*


(iii) Describe the relationship between the output voltage and the number of
turns on the primary coil.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) (i) State the formula linking input and output voltages and the turns ratio for the
transformer.
(1)
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(ii) The input voltage of the transformer is 6.8 V.

Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil.
(2)
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number of turns = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)

5
*P58374A0520* Turn over

3 This question is about sound waves.

(a) Describe an experiment to measure the speed of sound in air.

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You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(5)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6
*P58374A0620*


(b) An oscilloscope can be used to determine the frequency of a sound wave.

The diagram shows an oscilloscope trace of a sound wave.
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Oscilloscope settings

y direction: 1 square = 1 V

x direction: 1 square = 0.25 ms

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(i) Calculate the period of this sound wave.

(3)

period = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s
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(ii) Calculate the frequency of this sound wave.

(2)

frequency = ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz
(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)

7
*P58374A0720* Turn over

4 This is a question about alpha particles.
(a) Describe the nature of an alpha particle.

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(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The diagram shows the path of an alpha particle as it passes close to a nucleus.

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nucleus

(i) Draw an arrow from point X to show the force on the alpha particle due to the nucleus.
Label this force Y.
(2)
(ii) Draw an arrow to show the force on the nucleus due to the alpha particle.
Label this force Z.
(2)
(iii) Explain how the path of the alpha particle shows whether the nucleus is

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positive, negative or neutral.

(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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8
*P58374A0820*


(c) The alpha particle experiences a resultant force of 3.6 N and has a mass of 6.6 × 10–27 kg.
Calculate the acceleration of the alpha particle.
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(3)

acceleration = ......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/ s 2

(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)

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9
*P58374A0920* Turn over

5 A toy produces continuous waves when floating on the surface of a pool of water.
The waves spread out as circular wavefronts.

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Diagram 1 shows the wavefronts produced when the toy is not moving, as viewed
from above.

toy

Diagram 1

Diagram 2 shows the wavefronts produced when the toy is moving across the surface
of the pool of water.

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toy
B
A

Diagram 2

(a) Draw an arrow on diagram 2 to show the direction the toy is moving.
(1)

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10
*P58374A01020*


(b) Explain how the frequency of the waves at point A is different to the frequency of
the waves at point B.
(4)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 5 = 5 marks)

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11
*P58374A01120* Turn over

6 A dog sits on a water‑filled bag to keep cool.

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water-filled bag

(a) The table shows some data about the dog and the water in the bag.

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mass of water in kg 8.7

power output of dog by heating in W 75

specific heat capacity of water in J/kg °C 4200

initial temperature of water in °C 16

The dog sits on the bag for 22 minutes.

(i) Calculate the energy transferred from the dog to the water by heating
in 22 minutes.
(3)

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energy = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J
(ii) State an assumption you have made when calculating the energy transferred.
(1)

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12
*P58374A01220*


(iii) Calculate the temperature of the water after 22 minutes.

(4)
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temperature = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . °C

(b) Discuss why conduction is the main way that thermal energy is transferred from
the dog to the water.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 11 marks)

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13
*P58374A01320* Turn over

7 (a) Give two pieces of evidence for the Big Bang theory.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Explain how this evidence supports the Big Bang theory.
(4)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 6 marks)

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14
*P58374A01420*


8 The diagram shows a bottle supported by a finger.

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force from finger = 2.1 N not to

scale
3.2 cm

28 cm
Z

floor

weight of bottle

(a) State the name of point Z.

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(1)

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(b) (i) State the formula linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from the pivot.
(1)

(ii) The bottle does not move.

Calculate the weight of the bottle.
(4)
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weight of bottle = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

(Total for Question 8 = 6 marks)

15
*P58374A01520* Turn over

9 This is a question about a melting ice cube.
(a) The diagram shows an ice cube placed on the ground.

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ice cube

ground

(i) The mass of the ice cube is 3.7 g and its area of contact with the ground
is 2.6 × 10–4 m2.
Calculate the pressure the ice cube exerts on the ground.
(4)

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pressure = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pa

(ii) The ice cube melts and becomes a puddle with a larger cross‑sectional area.
Explain how the pressure of the ice cube on the ground changes when it melts.
(2)

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(b) Ice melts at a temperature of 0 °C.

On the axes, sketch how the temperature of the ice cube changes as it rises from
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a temperature of –10 °C to a temperature of 20 °C.

(3)

20

Temperature
in °C

0
Time

–10
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(c) Explain the changes that occur when a solid melts.

Refer to particles in your answer.
(2)

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(Total for Question 9 = 11 marks)

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TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS

17
*P58374A01720*
 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE (9–1)

Friday 14 June 2019

Morning (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper Reference 4PH1/2PR

Physics
Unit: 4PH1
Paper: 2PR

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
• Show all steps in any calculations and state the units.
• your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box
about an answer, put a line through the box
. If you change
and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try toyour
Write answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

*P60185A0128*
P60185A
©2019 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1/

FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I × V × t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

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× volume = constant
pressure  p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum ( mv − mu )
force = F=
time taken t

change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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Answer ALL questions.

1 (a) The diagram shows a fossil fuel power station.

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Five stages of electricity generation and transmission are shown.

steam

water

furnace and boiler condenser turbines generator transformer

(i) The power station burns a fossil fuel in the furnace.

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Give an example of a fossil fuel.

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(1)

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(ii) Which stage of the power station transfers energy from a chemical store to a
thermal store?
(1)
A condenser
B furnace and boiler
C generator
D turbines

(iii) Which stage of the power station transfers energy electrically from a kinetic

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energy store?
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(1)
A condenser
B furnace and boiler
C generator
D turbines

4
*P60185A0428*


(b) Electricity can also be generated by solar farms.

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(Source: © Zoonar GmbH/Alamy)

Energy is transferred from the Sun to the solar farm by radiation.

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The solar farm uses photovoltaic cells to transfer this energy electrically.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of generating electricity using solar farms.
(4)

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(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

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*P60185A0628*
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2 This question is about sound waves.

(a) Sound is an example of a type of wave.
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State the name of this type of wave.

(1)

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(b) The speed of sound in liquids is greater than the speed of sound in gases.
(i) Describe the arrangement of particles in liquids and in gases.
You may use diagrams to help your answer.
(2)
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(ii) Suggest why the speed of sound in liquids is greater than the speed of sound
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in gases.
(2)

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(c) A buzzer is an electrical device that produces sound.
The frequency of sound produced by the buzzer is 1400 Hz.

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(i) State the formula linking speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave.
(1)

(ii) Sound travels at a speed of 340 m/s in air.

Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave from the buzzer.
(2)

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wavelength = ........................................ . . . . . . . m

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*P60185A0828*


(iii) Two students use this method to investigate sound from a moving source.
Student A connects a piece of string to the buzzer.
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She spins round so that the buzzer moves in a horizontal circular path.
●  she spins round at a slow speed
●  she then spins round at a high speed
Student B stands several metres away from student A.

student A student B

buzzer
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The sound heard by student A is different to the sound heard by student B.

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Discuss the differences in the sounds heard by student A and student B.

(5)

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(Total for Question 2 = 13 marks)

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3 (a) A student charges a plastic rod by rubbing it with a cloth.

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The rod becomes negatively charged.
(i) Which statement explains how the rod becomes negatively charged?
(1)
A the rod gains positively charged electrons

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B the rod loses positively charged electrons
C the rod gains negatively charged electrons
D the rod loses negatively charged electrons

(ii) Describe how the student could demonstrate that the rod is charged.
(2)

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*P60185A01028*


(b) The student has several other rods made from different kinds of plastic.
Some rods can be charged positively and some can be charged negatively.
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Describe an experiment to show that different rods have different types of charge.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)
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(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)

11
*P60185A01128* Turn over

4 A Hertzsprung‑Russell diagram shows how different astronomical objects may be
classified according to their colour and absolute magnitude.

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–5

0
red giants

main sequence
Absolute +5
magnitude

+10

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white dwarfs

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+15
blue white yellow red
Colour

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*P60185A01228*


The diagram shows three stages of evolution for stars of similar mass to the Sun.
Describe the evolution of stars of similar mass to the Sun.
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You should refer to the temperature and brightness of the stars in your answer.
(6)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)

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5 Stearic acid is a solid at room temperature and melts at a temperature of 69 °C.
A student investigates the specific heat capacity of solid stearic acid.

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He heats a sample of stearic acid from room temperature using an electrical heater
and measures its temperature using a data logger and temperature sensor.
The graph shows his results.

80

60

Temperature
in °C 40

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20

0
0 100 200 300 400 500
Time in s

(a) The student starts heating the stearic acid at 130 seconds.

(i) Determine the time it takes to heat the stearic acid until it reaches its
melting point.
(1)

time = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . s

(ii) The stearic acid gains 39 kJ of energy during the time it is heated to its melting point.

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Calculate the mean (average) power of the heater.

Give a unit with your answer.
[assume no energy lost to surroundings]
(3)

mean power = ............................................... unit ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) The mass of stearic acid used in the investigation is 0.45 kg.

The stearic acid gains 39 kJ of energy when it is heated to its melting point.
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Calculate the specific heat capacity of stearic acid.

You should use data from the graph in your calculation.
(4)

specific heat capacity = ............................................... J/kg °C

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(Total for Question 5 = 8 marks)

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*P60185A01628*
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16


6 A student investigates transformers.

(a) The diagram shows a typical transformer.
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primary coil
secondary coil

core

State the name given to this type of transformer.

(1)

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(b) The student investigates the effect of changing the number of turns in the secondary coil.
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This is his method.

● apply a constant maximum voltage to a primary coil with 1200 turns
● use a secondary coil with 100 turns
● measure the output voltage of the transformer
● replace the secondary coil with one that has 200 turns
● measure the output voltage again
The student repeats this method using different numbers of turns in the secondary coil.
(i) Suggest how the student could improve the reliability of his investigation.
(1)

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(ii) These are the student’s results.

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number of turns = 100, number of turns = 400,
output voltage = 1.3 V output voltage = 5.0 V
number of turns = 200, number of turns = 500,
output voltage = 2.5 V output voltage = 6.3 V
number of turns = 300, number of turns = 600,
output voltage = 3.8 V output voltage = 7.5 V

Draw a table of these results.

(3)

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(iii) Suggest how the student could improve the precision of his voltage measurement.
(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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*P60185A01828*


(c) The student plots this graph to show the results of his investigation.

8.0
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6.0

Output
voltage in V 4.0

2.0

0.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
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Number of turns on secondary coil

(i) The student plots one of his results incorrectly.

Draw a circle around the incorrectly plotted result on the graph.
(1)
(ii) Draw the line of best fit.
(1)
(iii) Describe the relationship shown by the graph.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(d) The primary coil has 1200 turns.
Using the student’s data, calculate the primary voltage used in his investigation.

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(4)

primary voltage = ...................................... . . . . . . . . . V

(Total for Question 6 = 14 marks)

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*P60185A02028*
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*P60185A02128*
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7 A game is played on a table with balls of different colours.
(a) The diagram shows the white ball moving across a flat surface.

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v = 5.2 m/s

white ball

(i) State the formula linking momentum, mass and velocity.

(1)

(ii) The white ball has a mass of 170 g.

Calculate the momentum of the white ball.
(2)

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momentum = ............................................... kg m/s

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*P60185A02228*


(b) The white ball collides with a stationary black ball.

v = 5.2 m/s v v = 5.0 m/s
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white ball black ball white ball black ball

before collision after collision

(i) The black ball has a mass of 160 g.

After the collision, the black ball moves away from the white ball with a velocity
of 5.0 m/s.
Calculate the velocity of the white ball after the collision.
(4)
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velocity of white ball = ............................................. . . m/s

(ii) During the collision, the white ball exerts a force of 80 N on the black ball.
The direction of this force is to the right.
State the magnitude and direction of the force the black ball exerts on the
white ball during the collision.
(2)

magnitude of force = ....................................... . . . . . . . . N

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direction of force = ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 9 marks)

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8 The photograph shows a device that can be used to ignite small pieces of combustible material.
The device consists of a cylinder containing trapped air and a piston.

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piston

cylinder
combustible
material

before pushing piston after pushing piston

A small piece of combustible material is placed at the bottom of the cylinder.

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When the piston is pushed quickly into the cylinder, the trapped air is compressed
and heats up.
This increase in temperature is enough to ignite the combustible material.
(a) The piston is quickly pushed down a distance of 145 mm.
The average force exerted on the piston is 4.2 N.
(i) State the formula linking work done, force and distance moved in the direction of the force.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the work done on the trapped air when the piston is quickly pushed down.

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(2)

work done = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . J

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*P60185A02428*


(iii) State the maximum amount of energy that could be transferred to the
trapped air.
(1)
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energy transferred = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . J

(iv) Using ideas about molecules, explain why the trapped air heats up.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Suggest why the trapped air does not reach a high enough temperature to ignite
the combustible material if the piston is slowly pushed into the cylinder.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 8 = 7 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS

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28
 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE (9–1)

Thursday 16 January 2020

Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper Reference 4PH1/2PR

Physics
Unit: 4PH1
Paper: 2PR

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
• Show all steps in any calculations and state the units.
• your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box
about an answer, put a line through the box
. If you change
and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try toyour
Write answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

*P62044A0120*
P62044A
©2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1/

FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I × V × t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

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× volume = constant
pressure  p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum ( mv − mu )
force = F=
time taken t

change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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*P62044A0220*


Answer ALL questions.

1 This question is about electromagnetic (EM) waves.

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(a) The boxes show some EM waves and their uses.

Draw one straight line from each EM wave to its correct use.
One has been done for you.
(3)

EM wave Use

gamma long range communication

infrared cooking

radio waves sterilising food

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ultraviolet observing internal structures

x-rays fluorescent lamps

(b) Which of these is a hazard of microwave radiation?

(1)
A blindness
B cell mutation
C internal heating of tissue
D skin burns
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(c) State the name of an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength longer than
microwave radiation.
(1)

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

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*P62044A0320* Turn over

2 This question is about a folding table.
The diagram shows some of the forces acting on the table.

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wall

0.84 m

G table
hinge

weight force S

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(a) The weight of the table acts through point G.
State the name of point G.
(1)

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(b) State the formula linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from the pivot.
(1)

(c) The moment of the weight force of the table about the hinge is 92 N m.
By using the principle of moments, calculate the force S that a person applies to

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keep the table in equilibrium.

(3)

force S = .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

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*P62044A0420*


(d) State Newton’s third law.

(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(e) State the magnitude and the direction of the force that the table applies to the
person holding the table.
(2)

magnitude = ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   N

direction = .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)

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*P62044A0520* Turn over

3 This question is about momentum.
Diagram 1 shows a neutron approaching a uranium-235 nucleus.

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before collision

2200 m / s 10 m / s

neutron

uranium-235

Diagram 1

(a) State the formula linking momentum, mass and velocity.

(1)

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(b) Calculate the momentum of the neutron.
Give a unit with your answer.
[mass of neutron = 1.67 × 10–27 kg]
(3)

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momentum = .............................................. unit ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) State what is meant by the term conservation of momentum.

(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(d) Diagram 2 shows that when the neutron collides with the uranium-235 nucleus,
they combine to give a uranium-236 nucleus.
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After collision

uranium-236

Diagram 2

Use conservation of momentum to calculate the velocity, v, of the uranium-236 nucleus.

[mass of uranium-235 nucleus = 3.99 × 10–25 kg]
[mass of uranium-236 nucleus = 4.01 × 10–25 kg]
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(4)

v = ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s
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(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)

7
*P62044A0720* Turn over

4 A metalworker uses a hammer of mass 1.8 kg to deform a piece of metal on an anvil.

hammer

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0.95 m

metal

anvil

(a) (i) Calculate the increase in the hammer’s gravitational potential energy (GPE)

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store when the hammer is raised through a height of 0.95 m above the metal.
[GPE gained = mass × gravitational field strength × height]
(2)

GPE increase = ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

(ii) The metalworker moves the hammer down to strike the metal.

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The hammer must have at least 21 J of energy in its kinetic energy (KE) store as
it hits the metal to deform it.
Explain why the metalworker must do at least 4 J of mechanical work on the
hammer to deform the metal.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) (i) Calculate the velocity of the hammer just before it strikes the metal.
[KE of hammer = 21 J]
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(4)

velocity = ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s

(ii) When the hammer hits the metal, the hammer comes to rest without rebounding.
Calculate the mean (average) force needed to bring the hammer to rest in a
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time of 0.12 s.
(2)

mean force = ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)

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*P62044A0920* Turn over

5 A student does an investigation to determine the temperature-time graph for water as it
changes state from ice to liquid water.

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The diagram shows the student’s apparatus.

12 V supply

lid
insulating
beaker material

ice cubes
thermometer

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electrical heater

The ice has an initial temperature of –17 °C.

After 5 minutes, the ice begins to melt.
After a further 6 minutes, all the ice has melted.
The investigation continues for a total time of 20 minutes.
(a) (i) Sketch a graph on the axes to show how the temperature changes with time.
Assume that the rate of energy transfer from the heater to the ice cubes is constant.
(3)

Temperature
in °C

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0
Time in
minutes

–17

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*P62044A01020*


(ii) Suggest a precaution the student should take to obtain high quality data.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) During the experiment the heater transfers 2500 J of energy to the beaker.
The beaker has a specific heat capacity of 880 J / kg °C and a mass of 48 g.
Calculate the increase in the temperature of the beaker.
(3)
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temperature increase = ........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  °C

(Total for Question 5 = 7 marks)

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*P62044A01120* Turn over

6 The diagram shows the first stages in a method of transferring energy electrically through
long distances.

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pylon

power station

step-up
transformer

The table shows data about the step-up transformer.

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number of turns in primary coil 2600
input voltage in kV 15
output voltage in kV 330

(a) (i) State the formula linking input voltage, output voltage, number of primary turns
and number of secondary turns for a transformer.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil.

(3)

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number of turns = ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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*P62044A01220*


(b) Explain why step-up and step-down transformers are used in the large-scale transmission
of electricity.
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You may draw a diagram to support your answer.

(4)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 8 marks)

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*P62044A01320* Turn over

7 This question is about a proton moving in a uniform magnetic field.
(a) Describe how to use two permanent magnets to produce a uniform magnetic field.

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You may draw a diagram to support your answer.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) The diagram shows a proton moving in a circular path at constant speed in a
uniform magnetic field.
This motion is similar to the movement of a planet in the Solar System.

direction of proton
movement

proton

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(i) Draw an arrow to show the direction of the force on the proton.
(1)
(ii) Accurately measure the diameter of the proton’s path.
(2)

diameter = ................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm

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*P62044A01420*


(iii) The proton completes one orbit of its circular path in a time period
of 8.7 × 10–6 seconds.
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Calculate the orbital speed of the proton.

(3)

orbital speed = ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s

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(Total for Question 7 = 8 marks)

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*P62044A01520* Turn over
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*P62044A01620*
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16


8 Diagram 1 shows two identical buzzers connected with springs.

post
spring A spring B
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microphone
buzzer A buzzer B
force

Diagram 1
Spring A is connected to a post.
A force acts on the apparatus for a short period of time, pulling both buzzers to the right.
During this time, buzzer A moves 2 cm and buzzer B moves 4 cm.
(a) (i) Explain why buzzer B travels with twice the average speed of buzzer A.
(2)
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(ii) A student connects the microphone to an oscilloscope to measure the frequency of

sound from the two buzzers while the force acts on the arrangement.
Explain the difference in the measured frequencies of sound from buzzer A
compared to buzzer B.
(3)
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*P62044A01720* Turn over

(b) Diagram 2 shows an oscilloscope trace.
The trace represents the sound wave received by the microphone from buzzer A.

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Oscilloscope settings
y direction: 1 square = 0.1 V
x direction: 1 square = 2 ms

Diagram 2
Measure the period of the sound waves from buzzer A.
Give your answer in standard form.
(3)

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period = ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s
(c) Diagram 3 shows two distant galaxies and the Earth.

Earth Galaxy P Galaxy Q

Not to scale
150 million light years

300 million light years

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Diagram 3
Light emitted from a nearby star has a wavelength of 590 nm.
The light from an identical star in galaxy P arrives at the Earth.
The wavelength of the light from the star in galaxy P is 600 nm.
(i) Calculate the change in wavelength for light from the star in galaxy P.
(1)

change in wavelength = .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nm

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*P62044A01820*


(ii) Galaxy Q is twice as far away from the Earth as galaxy P.

Suggest how the speed of galaxy Q relates to the speed of galaxy P.
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(1)

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(iii) Suggest a value for the change in wavelength of light from an identical star in
galaxy Q when the light arrives at the Earth.
(1)

change in wavelength = .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nm

(iv) Explain how comparing the speeds of the two galaxies provides evidence for
the Big Bang theory.
(4)
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(Total for Question 8 = 15 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS

19
*P62044A01920*
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*P62044A02020*
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20
 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE (9–1)

Thursday 16 January 2020

Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper Reference 4PH1/2P

Physics
Unit: 4PH1
Paper 2P

You must have: Total Marks

Calculator, ruler

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• mind about
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your
an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Try to answer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Check

Turn over

*P62043A0120*
P62043A
©2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1/1/

FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I × V × t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

× volume = constant
pressure  p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum ( mv − mu )
force = F=
time taken t

change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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*P62043A0220*


Answer ALL questions.

1 This question is about energy resources.
(a) The table lists some methods of generating electricity using energy resources.
Place ticks ( ) in the table to show if each method uses a renewable energy resource.
One has been done for you.
(3)
Method of generating Uses a renewable
electricity energy resource
coal power station

diesel generator

geothermal power station

hydroelectric power station

natural gas turbine

nuclear power station

solar cell 

wind turbine

(b) Solar cells can be used to generate electricity.

(i) How is energy transferred from the Sun to a solar cell?

(1)
A by heating
B by radiation
C electrically
D mechanically

(ii) State one disadvantage of using solar cells to generate electricity.

(1)

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(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

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2 The photograph shows a brass mass.

© Dudaeva/Shutterstock

(a) State the formula linking density, mass and volume.

(1)

(b) The brass mass has a mass of 454 g.

The density of brass is 8.46 g/cm3.
Calculate the volume of the brass mass.
Give the unit.
(3)

volume = .............................................................. unit ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 2 = 4 marks)

4
*P62043A0420*


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5
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3 Curling is a sport played on ice.
A player slides stone A across the ice towards a scoring zone.
The ice reduces friction so that there is negligible friction when the stone is sliding.

stone A

© Corepics VOF/Shutterstock

(a) Stone A leaves the player’s hand with a velocity of 2.90 m/s.

The mass of stone A is 17 kg.
(i) State the formula linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(ii) Show that the momentum of stone A is approximately 50 kg m/s.

(2)

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*P62043A0620*


(b) Stone A slides towards the scoring zone.

In the scoring zone, stone A collides with a stationary stone, B.

© Michael715/Shutterstock

(i) After the collision, both stones move in the same direction as the initial
direction of stone A.
The velocity of stone A after the collision is 0.40 m/s.
Calculate the velocity of stone B after the collision.
[mass of stone B = 19 kg]
(4)

velocity of stone B = .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s

(ii) When the stones collided, they were in contact for a time of 25 ms.
Calculate the magnitude of the force stone A exerted on stone B in this collision.
(3)

force = ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N
(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)

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4 A student uses this apparatus to demonstrate the effect of electric charge.

funnel

plastic tubing

metal cap metal can

insulator
metal rod
thin piece of metal

He pours some fine powder into a funnel.

The fine powder moves through a length of plastic tubing and falls into a metal can.
The metal can rests on a metal cap.
The metal cap is connected to a thin piece of metal via a metal rod.
When the powder lands in the can, the thin piece of metal moves away from the
metal rod.
(a) Explain why the thin piece of metal moves away from the metal rod.
(4)

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*P62043A0820*


(b) A coulombmeter measures electric charge.

The student connects a coulombmeter to the metal can.

When all the powder has landed in the can, the coulombmeter shows a
reading of –9.4 × 10–9 C.

(i) Which statement is true for the metal can?

(1)
A it gains negatively charged electrons
B it loses negatively charged electrons
C it gains positively charged electrons
D it loses positively charged electrons

(ii) State the formula linking charge, current and time.

(1)

(iii) It takes a time of 12 s from when the powder starts landing in the metal can
until all the powder has landed in the can.
Calculate the mean charging current.
(3)

current = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A

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*P62043A0920* Turn over

(c) The student suggests that this demonstration is similar to refuelling an aircraft.
The powder represents the fuel and the metal can represents the fuel tank in the aircraft.

funnel

plastic tubing

metal cap metal can

insulator
metal rod thin piece of metal

Explain how the student should modify this apparatus to demonstrate how to minimise
the dangers when refuelling an aircraft.

You may add to the diagram to help your answer.

(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 12 marks)

10
*P62043A01020*


5 A sonometer is a piece of equipment used to investigate the frequency of waves on a string.

The photograph shows a sonometer.

bridge string

length of string

The string is under tension. When the string is plucked it vibrates to produce a sound wave.

(a) Describe how an oscilloscope should be used to measure the frequency of the
sound wave from the sonometer.
(4)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11
*P62043A01120* Turn over

(b) A student investigates how the frequency of sound from the sonometer varies
with the length of the string.
This is the student’s method.
● apply a constant tension force to the string
● pluck the string and measure the frequency of the sound wave produced
● move the bridge to change the length of the string
● pluck the string and measure the new frequency of the sound wave produced
Repeat the method for different lengths of string.

(i) Give a control variable for the student’s investigation.

(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) The table shows the student’s results.

String Frequency in Hz

length
in cm Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Mean

20 105 104 108 106

40 53 54 52 53

60 36 32 35

80 25 28 26 26

100 22 20 21 21

120 20 17 18 18

140 15 15 14 15

Calculate the mean frequency for a string length of 60 cm.

(2)

mean frequency = .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz

(iii) Plot a graph of the mean frequency and string length data on the grid.
(3)

(iv) Draw the curve of best fit.

(1)

12
*P62043A01220*


(v) Determine the string length needed to produce a sound wave of frequency 75 Hz.
(1)

string length = .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm

(vi) The student cannot hear the sound from the sonometer for some of the string
lengths tested.
Explain which of the string lengths produce sounds that humans cannot hear.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 5 = 14 marks)

13
*P62043A01320* Turn over

6 This question is about stars.

(a) Astronomers measure the absolute magnitude of stars.

State what is meant by the term absolute magnitude.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The evolution of stars can be shown on a Hertzsprung‑Russell diagram (HR diagram).
Complete the HR diagram by
● labelling the x‑axis
● completing the absolute magnitude scale
● drawing the main sequence, red giant and white dwarf regions
(5)

absolute +5
magnitude

blue white yellow red

..............................................................

(Total for Question 6 = 7 marks)

14
*P62043A01420*


BLANK PAGE

15
*P62043A01520* Turn over

7 The photograph shows a glass plate made from uranium glass.

© Laura Healey/Shutterstock

Uranium oxide is used to give the glass a green colour.

(a) Uranium‑238 is the most common isotope of uranium and can be represented
using this symbol.

238
92 U
(i) State what information the numbers 92 and 238 give about the nucleus of this
isotope of uranium.
(2)

92........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

238....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Uranium‑238 decays by alpha emission.

Describe how the nucleus of a uranium‑238 atom changes as a result of
alpha emission.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16
*P62043A01620*


(b) The table gives some information about the uranium glass plate.

mass of plate 1.1 kg

percentage (%) of plate made of uranium-238 (by mass) 4.5%

mass of uranium‑238 atom 4.0 × 10–27 kg

(i) Calculate the number of uranium‑238 atoms in the plate.

(2)

number of atoms = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Uranium‑238 is an alpha emitter and has a half‑life of 4.5 billion years.
Explain why it is safe to eat food from the uranium glass plate.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 9 marks)

17
*P62043A01720* Turn over

8 This question is about magnetic fields.

(a) Diagram 1 shows a positively charged proton moving downwards in a uniform

magnetic field.

magnetic field

proton
force

velocity

Diagram 1

The proton experiences a force to the right.

What is the direction of the magnetic field?
(1)
A into the page
B left
C out of the page
D upward

18
*P62043A01820*


(b) When a current passes through a flat circular coil, a magnetic field is produced.
Complete diagram 2 by drawing the magnetic field of the flat circular coil.
(3)

to d.c. power supply

Diagram 2

Turn over for the last part of the question

19
*P62043A01920* Turn over

(c) A wireless charging base uses a magnetic field to charge the battery of a mobile phone.

wireless
charging base

mobile phone

© BeeBright/Shutterstock

There is an alternating current in a coil of wire in the charging base.

There is another coil of wire connected to the battery in the mobile phone.

(i) Explain how the wireless charging base charges the battery of the mobile phone.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a high current in the
wireless charging base.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 8 = 9 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS

20
*P62043A02020*
 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE (9–1)

Friday 12 June 2020

Morning (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper Reference 4PH1/2P

Physics
Unit: 4PH1
Paper: 2P

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centrethe
Fill in boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

*P65066A0124*
P65066A
©2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1/1

FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E  I V  t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2  orbital radius 2  r

orbital speed  v
time period T
(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)
v 2  u 2  (2  a  s )

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
p1  V1  p2  V2
pressure × volume = constant
pressure p1 p2
= constan t =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum ( mv  mu )
force = F
time taken t

change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy   0  v

=  
wavelength speed of light 0 0 c

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

Q  m  c  T

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

2
*P65066A0224*
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Answer ALL questions.
1 This question is about liquid nitrogen.

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(a) (i) The diagram shows the arrangement of particles in solid nitrogen.
Draw the arrangement of particles in liquid nitrogen.
(2)

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solid liquid
(ii) Describe the motion of the particles in liquid nitrogen.
(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) A teacher uses this method to find the density of liquid nitrogen.
• measure the mass of a container
• pour liquid nitrogen into the container
• measure the total mass of the container and the liquid nitrogen
• read the volume of the liquid nitrogen from the scale on the side of the container
(i) Give a safety precaution the teacher should take when pouring the liquid nitrogen.

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(1)

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(ii) State the name of the apparatus that the teacher should use to measure the mass
of the container.
(1)

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(iii) The table shows the teacher’s results.

mass of container in g 75
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mass of container + liquid nitrogen in g 149

volume of liquid nitrogen in cm3 88

Calculate the mass of liquid nitrogen in the container.

(1)

mass = ........................................................ g
(iv) State the formula linking density, mass and volume.
(1)
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(v) Calculate the density of the liquid nitrogen.

Give a suitable unit.
(3)

density = ......................................................... unit = ................................. . . .

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(c) Over time, the liquid nitrogen warms up and changes state from a liquid into a gas.
Describe the changes to the arrangement and motion of particles when the liquid

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nitrogen changes state.
(3)

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(Total for Question 1 = 13 marks)

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2 This question is about a demonstration to show the link between current and charge.

The diagram shows two metal plates, X and Y, with a metal ball moving between them.

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insulating thread

X Y

metal 3 kV power supply

ball   +    −

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(a) The two metal plates have no charge before the power supply is connected.
When plate Y is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, the plate
becomes positively charged.
Explain how plate Y gains a positive charge.
(2)

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(b) (i) The metal ball becomes positively charged when it touches plate Y.

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The metal ball then moves away from plate Y towards plate X.
Explain why the metal ball moves away from plate Y.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(ii) Give a reason why the ball is made of metal.

(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) When the metal ball moves away from plate Y to plate X, a charge of 5.1 × 10-6 C
is transferred.
(i) State the formula linking charge transferred, current and time taken.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the current if the metal ball takes 0.45 seconds to travel from plate Y
to plate X.
(2)
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current = .......................................................... A
(iii) Suggest why the current increases if the voltage of the power supply is increased.
(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Give the name of the apparatus that can be used to measure current.
(1)

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(Total for Question 2 = 10 marks)

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3 The diagram shows some of the forces acting on a large rubbish bin on wheels.

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not to scale

weight

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98 cm

37 cm

(a) The weight of the bin acts through point G.

Give the name of point G.
(1)

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(b) The mass of the bin is 23 kg.

(i) What is the weight of the bin?
(1)

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A 23 kg

B 230 kg

C 230 N

D 23 000 N

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(ii) State the principle of moments.

(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) A person applies force F to the bin to keep it stationary.

Calculate the magnitude of force F.
(4)
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magnitude of force F = ......................................................... N

(iv) State the magnitude and direction of the force applied to the person by the bin.
(2)

magnitude = ......................................................... N

direction = ...................................................... . . .
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(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)

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4 The photograph shows a solar power farm.

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© Alessandro Pierpaoli/Shutterstock

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(a) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using solar power rather than fossil fuels
to generate electricity.
(4)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) Solar panels produce direct current (d.c.).

The National Grid in many countries operates on alternating current (a.c.).
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Describe the difference between direct current (d.c.) and alternating current (a.c.).
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)

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5 This question is about using radio waves to track an aeroplane.

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
aeroplane

aerial at airport

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(a) Radio waves are emitted from an aerial at an airport, and are then reflected back
to the aerial from an aeroplane.
The time taken between emitting the radio waves and receiving the waves back
at the aerial is 1.9 milliseconds.
Show that the aeroplane is approximately 300 km away from the aerial.
[speed of radio waves = 3.0 × 105 km/s]
(3)

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(b) As the aeroplane travels away from the airport, it sends a signal to the airport
using radio waves with a wavelength of 1.2 m.
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When the signal is received at the airport, the wavelength is 1.1 × 10-6 m longer
than when it is emitted by the aeroplane.
Calculate the speed of the aeroplane using the formula

change of wavelength speed of aeroplane


wavelength speed of radio wave

[speed of radio waves = 3.0 × 108 m/s]
(3)
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speed of aeroplane = .......................................................... m/s

(Total for Question 5 = 6 marks)

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6 The Parker Solar Probe is a spacecraft that was launched in 2018 on a mission to explore
the Sun.

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The spacecraft is partly covered in tiles.
These tiles are filled with a solid containing small pockets of trapped air.
The outer surface of the tiles is painted white.
These tiles protect the electric circuits in the spacecraft from extreme temperatures.
(a) The diagram shows one of these tiles in cross-section.

outer surface
of tile solid containing
small pockets of inner surface
trapped air of tile

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(i) Explain why the outer surface of the tile is painted white.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Explain how the small pockets of trapped air help to reduce thermal energy
transfer from the outer surface to the inner surface of the tile.
(2)

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*P65066A01624*


(b) The electric circuits inside the spacecraft are cooled by 4.5 kg of water.
The initial temperature of the water is 35 oC.
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The thermal store of the water increases by 210 kJ.

Calculate the final temperature of the water.
[specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/kg oC]
(4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
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final temperature = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oC

(Total for Question 6 = 8 marks)

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*P65066A01724* Turn over

7 Diagram 1 shows a loop of wire connected to a power supply.

loop of wire

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+ −
variable
power
supply

card

Diagram 1

(a) Describe how to find the shape of the magnetic field produced by the loop of wire.

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(3)

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*P65066A01824*


(b) Diagram 2 shows the view from above the card with two cross-sections of the
loop of wire.
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Key
current out of page

current into page

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Diagram 2
On diagram 2, draw the magnetic field produced by the two cross-sections of the
loop of wire.
(4)
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*P65066A01924* Turn over

(c) (i) These diagrams show the magnetic field acting on a cross-section of wire
when the current in the wire is out of the page.

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A B
force force

magnetic field magnetic field

C D
force

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force
magnetic field magnetic field

Which diagram shows the correct direction of the force acting on the cross-section
of wire due to the magnetic field?
(1)

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20
*P65066A02024*


(ii) The magnetic field acting on the cross-section of wire is produced by the current
in the other side of the loop of wire.
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Explain why there is no effect on the direction of the force on the cross-section
of wire when the direction of the current in the loop is reversed.
(2)

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(Total for Question 7 =10 marks)

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21
*P65066A02124* Turn over

8 Welding is a process where pieces of metal are melted and then joined together.

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The diagram shows apparatus used for welding.

plug

transformer

input
current

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output
current

© Olha1981/Shutterstock

The welding apparatus uses the transformer to decrease the voltage from 230 V.
(a) State the name of this type of transformer.
(1)

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(b) State the formula linking the turns ratio, the input voltage and the output voltage
for a transformer.
(1)

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22
*P65066A02224*


(c) The table gives some information about the transformer.

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input voltage in V 230

number of turns on input coil 16
number of turns on output coil 4
input current in A 11

(i) Use information from the table to calculate the output current of the transformer.
Assume that the transformer is 100% efficient.
(5)
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current = ............................. A

(ii) A fuse is installed in the plug which supplies the input current.
Which fuse should be used in this plug?
(1)
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A 3 A

B 5 A

C 10 A

D 13 A

(Total for Question 8 = 8 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS

23
*P65066A02324*
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*P65066A02424*
BLANK PAGE

24
 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE (9–1)

Friday 12 June 2020

Morning (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper Reference 4PH1/2PR

Physics
Unit: 4PH1
Paper: 2PR

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centrethe
Fill in boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• Smind
ome questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• – usemarks
The for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer
Try to every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

*P65067A0120*
P65067A
©2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1

FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E  I V  t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2  orbital radius 2  r

orbital speed  v
time period T
(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)
v 2  u 2  (2  a  s )

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p1  V1  p2  V2
pressure × volume = constant
pressure p1 p2
= constan t =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum ( mv  mu )
force = F
time taken t

change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy   0  v

=  
wavelength speed of light 0 0 c

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

Q  m  c  T

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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2
*P65067A0220*
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3
*P65067A0320*
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Answer ALL questions.
1 This question is about electrostatics.

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(a) A student uses a plastic rod to investigate electrostatics.

(i) Describe how the student could have charged the plastic rod.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(ii) The student uses a meter to measure the amount of charge on the rod.
The meter displays a reading of –5.2 mC.
Which of these is the same as –5.2 mC?
(1)

A –0.52 C

B –0.052 C

C –0.0052 C

D –0.00052 C
(iii) The rod is negatively charged.

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Which statement correctly explains why the rod is negatively charged?

(1)

A the rod has gained negatively charged electrons

B the rod has gained positively charged electrons

C the rod has lost negatively charged electrons

D the rod has lost positively charged electrons

4
*P65067A0420*


(iv) Using a meter is one method of demonstrating that the rod is charged.
Describe another method of demonstrating that the rod is charged.
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(2)

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(b) Electrostatic charges can be useful but they can also be dangerous.
(i) Give one use of electrostatic charges.
(1)
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(ii) Explain why electrostatic charges can be dangerous when fuelling an aeroplane.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 1 = 9 marks)

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5
*P65067A0520* Turn over

2 X-rays are electromagnetic waves used to obtain images of bones.
An x-ray machine produces x-ray waves with a frequency of 1.25 × 1018 Hz.

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(a) Calculate the time period of these x-rays.
(2)

time period = ......................................................... s

(b) X-rays have a speed of 3.00 × 108 m/s in air.

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Calculate the wavelength of these x-rays.
(3)

wavelength = ......................................................... m

(Total for Question 2 = 5 marks)

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6
*P65067A0620*
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*P65067A0720*
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3 A builder needs to lift a large stone block.
(a) Diagram 1 shows the stone block.

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weight

Diagram 1
(i) Draw an X on diagram 1 at the centre of gravity of the stone block.
(1)
(ii) State the formula linking weight, mass and gravitational field strength.
(1)

(iii) The mass of the stone block is 130 kg.

Calculate the weight of the stone block.
(2)

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weight = ......................................................... N

8
*P65067A0820*


(b) The builder uses a wooden plank to lift the large stone block.
The plank is uniform and pivoted at its centre.
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The builder pushes down on one end of the plank to lift the stone block.
Diagram 2 shows the plank when it is horizontal and stationary.

0.30 m distance X

weight 520 N

Diagram 2
(i) State the principle of moments.
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(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) The builder is pushing down with a force of 520 N to keep the plank horizontal.
Calculate distance X.
(3)
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distance X = .......................................................... m
(iii) Calculate the length of the plank.
(1)

length of plank = .......................................................... m

(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)

9
*P65067A0920* Turn over

4 A student investigates the speed of sound in air.
(a) The student sets up two microphones, A and B, as shown in Diagram 1.

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microphone A microphone B
source
of sound

to datalogger

Diagram 1
The microphones are connected to a datalogger.
A sound is made to the left of microphone A.
The datalogger records the time when the sound wave reaches each microphone.

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The student uses the data to calculate the time taken for the sound wave to travel
from microphone A to microphone B.
(i) Describe how the student could determine the speed of sound in air using his
calculated value of time taken.
(3)

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(ii) Suggest why the student does not use a stop clock in this investigation.
(1)

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*P65067A01020*


(b) The student investigates how the speed of sound in air varies with temperature.
He places several Bunsen burners in the space between the microphones,
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as shown in diagram 2.

microphone A microphone B
source
of sound

to datalogger
heat heat heat heat heat heat

Diagram 2
He uses this method
• light all the Bunsen burners on a low heating flame
• measure the air temperature in three places between the microphones using
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three temperature sensors

• use the datalogger to record the time taken for a sound wave to travel from
microphone A to microphone B
• determine the speed of sound
The student repeats this method as the air temperature increases.
(i) Suggest why it is important for all the Bunsen burners to burn the same amount
of gas each second.
(1)

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11
*P65067A01120* Turn over

(ii) The table shows the student’s results.

Temperature in °C

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Time Speed
sensor 1 sensor 2 sensor 3 mean in ms in m/s

20.3 20.2 19.9 20.1 4.37 344

29.9 31.3 30.0 30.4 4.29 350

39.7 41.0 39.0 39.9 4.22 358

51.0 50.2 49.3 50.2 4.15 362

59.8 61.5 58.6 4.08 368

Calculate the mean temperature for the last row in the table.
Give your answer to a suitable number of decimal places.

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(2)

mean temperature = .......................................................... °C

(iii) The student plots his results and draws the line of best fit.
Draw a circle around the anomalous result.
(1)
370
+

+
360
+
Speed
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in m/s
350 +

+
340
20 30 40 50 60 70
Mean temperature in °C

12
*P65067A01220*


(iv) State how the student should deal with the anomalous result.
(1)
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(v) Explain why a line graph is the correct type of graph to display these results.
(2)

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(vi) Describe the relationship between the speed of sound in air and temperature.
(2)
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(Total for Question 4 = 13 marks)

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13
*P65067A01320* Turn over

5 Energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth.

(a) Nuclear fusion happens in the Sun.

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(i) Which energy store of the Sun decreases during nuclear fusion?
(1)

A chemical

B kinetic

C nuclear

D thermal

(ii) How is energy transferred through space from the Sun to the Earth?
(1)

A by heating

B by radiation

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C electrically

D mechanically

(b) Solar panels use energy from the Sun to heat water.

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© John_T/Shutterstock

14
*P65067A01420*


(i) The total area of the solar panels is 15 m2.

Each 1.0 
m2 of the solar panels receives 1000 J of energy per second from the Sun.
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Show that the total energy transferred to the solar panels in 2 hours is about 100 MJ.
(3)

(ii) A mass of 1100 kg of cold water is in the solar panels at an initial temperature of 20 °C.
Calculate the final temperature of this water after it has been heated by the Sun
for 2 hours.
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[specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/kg °C]

(4)

final temperature = .......................................................... °C

(iii) Give a reason why the actual final temperature of the water will be lower than
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the calculated value.

(1)

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(Total for Question 5 = 10 marks)

15
*P65067A01520* Turn over

6 Conventional power stations burn fuel in a furnace.

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steam out

water in

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burning fuel

(a) The fuel can be a solid, a liquid or a gas.

Describe the motion of particles in a solid, a liquid and a gas.
(3)

solid .................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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liquid ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gas .. .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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16
*P65067A01620*


(b) When the fuel is burned, energy is transferred from the fuel to the water.
The water boils and turns into steam.
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(i) Describe how energy stored in the fuel is transferred to the water.
Refer to energy stores and transfers in your answer.
(3)

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(ii) The temperature-time graph shows how the temperature of the water changes
as it is heated in the furnace at a constant rate.

Temperature

Time

Explain how the graph shows that the water changes state as it is heated.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 8 marks)

17
*P65067A01720* Turn over

7 A machine called the synchrocyclotron (SC) was designed to cause protons to move
in a circular path using strong magnetic fields.

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(a) The SC used electromagnets to produce the strong magnetic fields.
Describe the construction of a simple electromagnet.
You may draw a diagram to support your answer.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The diagram shows a proton moving at velocity v in the magnetic field produced
by the SC.

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v
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The direction of the magnetic field is into the page.

Using the left hand rule, determine the direction of the force acting on the proton
due to the magnetic field.
(1)

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18
*P65067A01820*


(c) The SC is surrounded by very thick concrete walls.

The radiation produced by the SC created atoms of radioactive barium-133 in the
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concrete walls.
Barium-133 has a half-life of 10.5 years.
(i) State what is meant by the term half-life.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) In 1990, the SC stopped being used at CERN, a research centre.

In 1990, the largest number of barium-133 atoms were found 40 cm deep in
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

the concrete walls.

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Since 2014, members of the public have been allowed to visit the SC at CERN.
Explain why the radioactive barium-133 in the concrete walls is not a risk to people
visiting the SC.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 7 = 8 marks)

TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 8

19
*P65067A01920* Turn over

8 The Big Bang theory suggests that the Universe is approximately 14 billion years old.
(a) Describe the evolution of the Universe from the Big Bang until the present day.

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(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Describe the evidence that supports the Big Bang theory.
(4)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 8 = 7 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS

20
*P65067A02020*
 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE (9–1)

Friday 15 January 2021

Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper Reference 4PH1/2P

Physics
Unit: 4PH1
Paper: 2P

You must have: Total Marks

Calculator, ruler

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centrethe
Fill in boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer
Try to every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

*P68388A0124*
P68388A
©2021 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/

FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I × V × t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

× volume = constant
pressure  p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum ( mv − mu )
force = F=
time taken t

change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

2
*P68388A0224*


BLANK PAGE

3
*P68388A0324* Turn over

Answer ALL questions.

1 The photograph shows a security camera.

The camera detects light waves and sound waves.

(a) State two differences between light waves and sound waves.
(2)

1 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) The camera detects infrared waves, which allow the camera to record videos in the dark.
(i) Which of these electromagnetic waves has a longer wavelength than
infrared waves?
(1)
A gamma rays

B microwaves

C ultraviolet rays

D visible light waves

4
*P68388A0424*


(ii) Which of these is another use for infrared waves?

(1)
A fluorescent lamps

B heating lamps

C satellite transmissions

D sterilising medical equipment

(iii) Which of these is a harmful effect of infrared waves?

(1)
A blindness

B cancer

C internal heating of body tissue

D skin burns

(c) The grid shows the oscilloscope trace for a quiet, low‑pitch sound wave.
The security camera has an alarm that produces a loud, high‑pitch sound.
On the grid, draw a trace to represent the sound wave produced by the alarm.
(2)

(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

5
*P68388A0524* Turn over

2 The nuclear equation shows how a nucleus of uranium‑236 may undergo nuclear fission.

236 140 94 1
92
U → 54
Xe + 38
Sr + 0
n
(a) Determine how many neutrons are released in this fission process.
(1)

number of neutrons = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The table gives some of the constituents of this nuclear fission.
Complete the table by putting one tick (ü) in each row to show whether the
constituent is a parent nucleus or a daughter nucleus.
(2)

Constituent Parent nucleus Daughter nucleus

strontium‑94

uranium‑236

xenon‑140

(c) Describe how the neutrons released in this fission process can cause a chain reaction.
(2)

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(Total for Question 2 = 5 marks)

6
*P68388A0624*


3 A student uses this apparatus to investigate moments.

elastic bands at
15 cm intervals

newton meter

force applied

base of
clamp stand

This is the student’s method.

• attach elastic bands at 15 cm intervals on a one metre tall clamp stand
• attach a newton meter to the highest elastic band and measure the
horizontal force required to tilt the stand
• repeat the method at each 15 cm interval
(a) Name an instrument that the student should use to accurately measure the
distances on the clamp stand.
(1)

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*P68388A0724* Turn over

(b) The table shows the student’s results.

Distance Force applied

in cm in N

15.0 10.0

30.0  5.6

45.0

60.0  2.6

75.0  2.2

90.0  1.8

(i) The photograph shows the reading on the newton meter when the
distance is 45.0 cm.

Use the photograph to determine the force required to tilt the stand when the
distance is 45.0 cm.
(1)

force = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  N

(ii) Give a reason why this newton meter is unsuitable for measuring the force for
distances less than 15.0 cm.
(1)

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(c) (i) Plot a graph of the student’s results on the grid.

(3)
(ii) Draw the curve of best fit.
(1)

8
*P68388A0824*


(d) The student concludes that the moment required to tilt the clamp stand does not
change when the distance is varied.
Use data from the table or the graph to evaluate the student’s conclusion.
(4)

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(Total for Question 3 = 11 marks)

9
*P68388A0924* Turn over

4 The bar chart gives information about how some of the electrical power in the United
States of America (USA) was generated in the year 2018.

40

30

Percentage of
electrical power 20
generated (%)

10

0
Coal Natural Nuclear Solar Water Wind
gas
Energy resource

(a) Most of the electricity generated in the USA uses non‑renewable energy resources.
(i) State what is meant by the term non‑renewable.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Determine the percentage of electrical power generated using the

non‑renewable energy resources shown on the bar chart.
(2)

percentage = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %

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*P68388A01024*


(b) In 2018, the USA generated more than half of its electrical power by burning
fossil fuels.
Explain one way that burning fossil fuels can be harmful to the environment.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) The mean total electrical power output of the USA in 2018 was 4.76 × 1011  W.
(i) Calculate the mean electrical power output from solar energy resources.
(2)

mean electrical power output = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W

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(ii) The mean total electrical power output of the USA in 2018 was 4.76 × 1011  W.
A typical solar farm generates 250 W of electrical power for every 1.0 m2 of
land area used.
Calculate the amount of land area needed if the USA were to generate all of
its electrical power using solar energy resources.
(2)

land area = ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  m2

(iii) The total land area of the USA is 9.83 × 1012 m2.

Discuss whether the USA could generate all of its electrical power using solar
energy resources.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 12 marks)

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5 Transformers are useful in the transmission of electricity.
(a) The diagram shows a step‑down transformer.

metal core

Output
Input voltage = 230 V
voltage = 275 kV current = 95 A

(i) Give the name of a suitable metal that could be used in the core of the transformer.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) State the formula linking input power and output power for a transformer.
(1)

(iii) The step‑down transformer has an input voltage of 275 kV and an

output voltage of 230 V.
The transformer has an output current of 95 A.
Calculate the input current to the transformer.
Assume the transformer is 100% efficient.
(3)

input current = ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A

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*P68388A01424*


(b) Explain how transformers are useful in the large‑scale transmission of electricity.
You may draw a diagram to support your answer.
(5)

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 5 = 10 marks)

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*P68388A01524* Turn over

6 The Hertzsprung‑Russell diagram shows the relationship between the absolute magnitude
and colour of stars.

–5

Absolute
magnitude +5 Sun

+10

+15
blue white yellow red
Colour

The position of the Sun is shown on the Hertzsprung‑Russell diagram.

(a) Star W is a white dwarf.
Add a W to the Hertzsprung‑Russell diagram to show the position of star W.
(1)
(b) Star X is a red giant.
Add an X to the Hertzsprung‑Russell diagram to show the position of star X.
(1)
(c) Star Y is a main sequence star that is much larger than the Sun.
Add a Y to the Hertzsprung‑Russell diagram to show the position of star Y.
(1)
(d) Star Z has the same surface temperature as the Sun, but would be dimmer than
the Sun if it were the same distance away from Earth as the Sun.
Add a Z to the Hertzsprung‑Russell diagram to show the position of star Z.
(1)

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*P68388A01624*


(e) The Moon is the brightest object in the night sky.

Suggest why the Moon cannot be shown on the Hertzsprung‑Russell diagram.
(1)

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 5 marks)

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7 The diagram shows a child’s toy for accelerating steel balls.

magnet
ball A ball B
ball C

This is how the toy works.

• the toy uses three identical steel balls, each with a mass of 4.1 g
• ball A moves towards the magnet
• ball B is in contact with the magnet
• balls B and C are initially at rest and are in contact with each other
• when ball A collides with the magnet, ball C moves away from the magnet

(a) Ball A moves towards the magnet with an initial velocity of 0.15 m/s.
Calculate the initial momentum of ball A.
(2)

initial momentum = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg m/s

(b) Ball A is attracted to the magnet.
Explain how this attraction affects the momentum of ball A as it approaches
the magnet.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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*P68388A01824*


(c) When ball A collides with the magnet, a force of 1.3 N is exerted on ball C for a
time of 0.0025 s.
This causes ball C to move away from the magnet.
Calculate the change in velocity of ball C due to this force.
(3)

change in velocity = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s

(Total for Question 7 = 7 marks)

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*P68388A01924* Turn over

8 The diagram shows a simplified view of part of an inkjet printer.

negatively charged
ink drop

– – +
– +

negatively charged
– + positively charged
plate plate
– +
– +
– +
paper

A negatively charged ink drop falls vertically between a pair of charged plates.
(a) The ink drop experiences a horizontal electrostatic force as it falls.
Explain the direction of the electrostatic force exerted on the ink drop by the
charged plates.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) On the diagram, draw the path of the ink drop as it falls between the charged plates
until it hits the paper.
(2)

20
*P68388A02024*


(c) (i) The ink drop experiences a horizontal force of 8.5 × 10–7 N when it is between
the charged plates.
The mass of the ink drop is 1.1 × 10–10 kg.
Calculate the horizontal acceleration of the ink drop when it is between the
charged plates.
(3)

acceleration = ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s2

(ii) The ink drop has no initial horizontal velocity before it passes between the
charged plates.
After passing between the charged plates, the horizontal velocity of the ink
drop is 3.9 m/s.
Calculate the horizontal distance travelled by the ink drop as it passes
between the charged plates.
Give your answer in mm.
(4)

distance = ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm

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*P68388A02124* Turn over

(d) Explain how another ink drop could be deflected in the opposite direction by a
greater distance using the charged plates in the inkjet printer.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 8 = 13 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS

22
*P68388A02224*


BLANK PAGE

23
*P68388A02324*

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24
*P68388A02424*
 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE (9–1)

Friday 15 January 2021

Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper Reference 4PH1/2PR

Physics
Unit: 4PH1
Paper: 2PR

You must have: Total Marks

Calculator, ruler

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centrethe
Fill in boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer
Try to every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

*P68389A0120*
P68389A
©2021 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/

FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I × V × t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

× volume = constant
pressure  p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum ( mv − mu )
force = F=
time taken t

change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

2
*P68389A0220*


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3
*P68389A0320* Turn over

Answer ALL questions.

1 The diagram shows the temperature‑time graph for a substance which is heated at a
constant rate.

S T
80

Temperature
in °C –20 Q Time
R

–70
P

(a) (i) Which section of the graph shows when the substance is melting?
(1)
A PQ
B QR

C RS

D ST

(ii) Which section of the graph shows when all the substance is a solid?
(1)
A PQ
B QR

C RS

D ST

(iii) Draw particles in the box to show the arrangement of particles when the
substance is a gas.
(1)

4
*P68389A0420*


(iv) Which of these statements best describes the motion of particles in a gas?
(1)
A they vibrate about fixed points

B they are stationary

C they slide past each other

D they move quickly and randomly

(b) (i) Name a piece of apparatus that could be used to measure the temperature of
the substance.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Determine the boiling point of this substance.

(1)

boiling point = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  °C

(c) The substance has a mass of 1.2 kg.

Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of the substance from
10 °C to 37 °C.
[assume specific heat capacity of substance = 840 J/kg °C]
(3)

energy = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

(Total for Question 1 = 9 marks)

5
*P68389A0520* Turn over

2 The diagram shows a metal block on top of a wooden block.
The metal block is held stationary by force F.

G metal
block

P
4.3 cm

wooden 11 cm
block
force F

(a) (i) The weight of the metal block acts through point G.
Give the name of point G.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Name a piece of apparatus that could be used to measure the weight of the
metal block.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6
*P68389A0620*


(b) (i) State the formula linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from the pivot.
(1)

(ii) The weight of the metal block is 0.68 N.

Show that the moment of the weight of the metal block about point P is
approximately 2.9 N cm.
(1)

(iii) Force F is applied to the metal block to stop it from moving.

Calculate the magnitude of force F.
(3)

force F = ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)

7
*P68389A0720* Turn over

3 The diagram shows an air track that can be used to investigate motion without friction.
Air comes out through a series of small holes in the air track, which lifts the gliders
slightly above the track.
There are two gliders on the track.
Each glider has a magnet.

0.045 kg m/s magnet magnet

A B

glider B
glider A
(at rest)
air in
air track

The poles of the magnets nearest each other are alike.

(a) Explain the direction of the force acting on magnet A from magnet B.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The gliders collide and the magnets cause them to rebound.
Before the collision, the momentum of glider A is 0.045 kg m/s to the right and
glider B is at rest.
(i) State the total momentum of glider A and glider B after the collision.
(1)

total momentum = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg m/s

8
*P68389A0820*


(ii) After the collision, the momentum of glider A is 0.021 kg m/s to the left.
Calculate the momentum of glider B after the collision.
(2)

momentum of glider B = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg m/s

(iii) The time taken for glider B to change its momentum is 0.19 seconds.
Calculate the average force on glider B that causes this change in momentum.
(2)

average force = ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

(iv) Give the direction of the force on glider B from glider A.

(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 3 = 8 marks)

9
*P68389A0920* Turn over

4 (a) A student uses an oscilloscope to determine the speed of sound.
The diagram shows the oscilloscope trace produced by the sound wave.

Oscilloscope settings
y direction: 1 square = 1 mV
x direction: 1 square = 1 ms

The student uses two microphones and a ruler to determine the wavelength of
the sound wave.
He finds that the wavelength is 1.4 m.
(i) State the formula linking the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave.
(1)

(ii) Use the oscilloscope trace to calculate the speed of the wave.
(5)

speed = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s

10
*P68389A01020*


(b) Another student uses this method to determine the speed of sound.
Step 1 T he student stands 50 m away from her teacher, measuring the distance
with a metre ruler.
Step 2 The teacher makes a loud sound and flashes a light at the same time.
Step 3 The student starts the stopwatch when she sees the flash of light.
Step 4 She stops the stopwatch when she hears the loud sound.
The speed of sound is calculated using the formula

distance
speed of sound =
time taken

Evaluate whether this method could produce an accurate value for the speed of
sound in air.
(5)

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)

11
*P68389A01120* Turn over

5 An aircraft travels along a runway.
(a) The aircraft starts from rest and has a constant acceleration of 4.1 m/s2.
Calculate the distance required to reach take‑off speed of 75 m/s.
(3)

distance = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m
(b) The aircraft takes off and reaches its maximum height above the ground.
At maximum height, the background radiation count rate is higher than on the ground.
(i) Explain what is meant by background radiation.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Suggest why there is a limit to the number of hours that an airline pilot can fly
at maximum height.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 5 = 8 marks)

12
*P68389A01220*


6 The Big Bang theory describes the evolution of the universe.

(a) Explain how cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) supports the
Big Bang theory.
(2)

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Hydrogen gas in a laboratory on Earth emits light with a wavelength of 605 nm.
A distant galaxy contains hydrogen which emits light of the same wavelength.
The wavelength of the light from the distant galaxy is measured as 683 nm on Earth.
Calculate the speed of the distant galaxy.
[speed of light = 3.0 × 108 m/s]
(4)

speed = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s

(Total for Question 6 = 6 marks)

13
*P68389A01320* Turn over

7 The diagram shows part of a device used to demonstrate electrostatic charge.

water in

metal metal
A B
bucket V bucket

rubber mat

(a) Negatively charged water droplets fall into bucket A.

Describe how bucket A becomes negatively charged.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Explain why the negatively charged droplets spread out as they fall.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14
*P68389A01420*


(c) (i) A droplet hits bucket A with a speed of 3.8 m/s.

Calculate the kinetic energy of the droplet when it hits bucket A.
[mass of droplet = 6.2 × 10–9 kg]
(3)

kinetic energy = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

(ii) The total charge stored in bucket A is  –1.1 × 10–10 C.

This charge passes through the air between the buckets in 9.2 × 10–3 s,
causing a spark between bucket A and bucket B.
Calculate the mean current between the buckets.
(3)

mean current = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A

(iii) The spark transfers a charge of  –1.1 × 10–10 C.

The mean voltage between the buckets is 1.7 kV.
Calculate the energy transferred by the spark.
(3)

energy transferred = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

(Total for Question 7 = 13 marks)

15
*P68389A01520* Turn over

8 The diagram shows a step‑down transformer.

primary coil
(160 turns)
iron core

12 V V

secondary coil
(45 turns)

(a) Explain the operation of a step‑down transformer.

(4)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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*P68389A01620*


(b) (i) State the formula linking input voltage, output voltage and the turns ratio of
a transformer.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the output voltage for the transformer.

(3)

voltage = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V

(Total for Question 8 = 8 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS

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*P68389A01720*

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*P68389A01820*


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*P68389A01920*

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*P68389A02020*
 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE (9–1)

Time 1 hour 15 minutes

Paper
reference 4PH1/2P
Physics
PAPER: 2P

You must have: Total Marks

Calculator, ruler

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• – there may
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Try to answer every question.
• Good luck
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
• with your examination.
Turn over

*P67161A0124*
P67161A
©2021 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/

FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I × V × t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

× volume = constant
pressure  p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum ( mv − mu )
force = F=
time taken t

change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

2
*P67161A0224*


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3
*P67161A0324* Turn over

Answer ALL questions.

1 (a) This is an incomplete Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

Absolute
magnitude

Temperature

(i) Which of these is in the shaded area of the diagram?

(1)
A black holes
B main sequence stars
C neutron stars
D protostars

(ii) On the diagram, draw the area to show the position of white dwarf stars.
Label this area WD.
(1)
(iii) On the diagram, draw the area to show the position of red giant stars.
Label this area RG.
(1)
(iv) State what is meant by the term absolute magnitude.
(2)

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4
*P67161A0424*


(b) The Sun emits various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

(i) Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum causes damage to human
surface skin cells?
(1)
A microwaves
B radio waves
C ultraviolet
D visible light

(ii) Which of these increases the risk of damage to human surface skin cells?
(1)
A sunbathing
B using protective sun cream
C very cloudy weather
D wearing sunglasses

(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

5
*P67161A0524* Turn over

2 Two students investigate the speed of sound.
Student A has a device that makes a loud sound.
Student B has a stopwatch.
A sound wave travels from student A to the wall and is reflected back to student B.

not to scale wall

210 metres

120 metres

A B

(a) Calculate the total distance the sound wave travels from student A to the wall and
back to student B.
(1)

distance = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m
(b) Student B hears the sound before and after the sound wave reflects from the wall.
When student B hears the sound before reflection, he starts the stopwatch.
When student B hears the sound after reflection, he stops the stopwatch.
The students repeat this experiment five times.
The table shows the students’ results.

Time in s
0.50 0.62 0.52 0.58 0.55

Calculate the mean (average) time.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
(2)

mean time = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s

6
*P67161A0624*


(c) Calculate the speed of sound for this investigation.

(4)

speed = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s

(d) Suggest a reason why the students’ results are not always the same.
(1)

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(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)

7
*P67161A0724* Turn over

3 The diagram shows part of a radio antenna.
The plastic tube protects the radio antenna from bad weather.
Dust particles carried by the wind rub against the plastic tube.
After some time, the dust particles cause the tube to become positively charged.

plastic tube

antenna

metal mast

wire attached
to Earth

(a) State the property of plastic that allows it to become electrostatically charged.
(1)

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(b) Explain how the plastic tube becomes positively charged.

(2)

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*P67161A0824*


(c) The plastic tube is attached to a metal mast.

This would cause the metal mast to become positively charged.
Explain why there is a wire connecting the metal mast to the Earth.
(3)

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(d) The plastic tube gains a charge of 4.3 mC.

The energy stored on the tube is 3.7 J.
Calculate the voltage between the plastic tube and the metal mast.
(3)

voltage = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
(e) An engineer is working on the radio antenna.
Describe the hazard to the engineer if there is no earth wire.
(2)

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(Total for Question 3 = 11 marks)

9
*P67161A0924* Turn over

4 (a) A student investigates a sound wave with a frequency of 25 000 Hz.
(i) Calculate the wavelength of this sound wave.
[speed of sound = 330 m/s]
(3)

wavelength = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m
(ii) The oscilloscope trace represents the sound wave.

Oscilloscope settings
y direction: 1 square = 5 V
x direction: 1 square = 0.01 ms

Determine the amplitude of the oscilloscope trace.

(2)

amplitude = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V

10
*P67161A01024*


(b) (i) Diagram 1 shows a coil of wire wrapped around a cardboard tube.
The coil is fixed to the cardboard tube.
On diagram 1, draw field lines to represent the magnetic field produced when
the current is in the direction shown.
(3)

Diagram 1

11
*P67161A01124* Turn over

(ii) Diagram 2 shows a model of a loudspeaker that uses the coil and the cardboard tube.
The cardboard tube is fixed to a thin piece of card, which is clamped at both ends.

cardboard tube

card

coil
to alternating
current supply

bar magnet

Diagram 2

The student holds a bar magnet near the bottom of the cardboard tube.
Explain why this causes the loudspeaker to produce a sound.
(3)

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12
*P67161A01224*


(iii) When the frequency of the alternating current is 10 kHz, the student hears a sound.
The student increases the frequency of the alternating current to 25 kHz.
Explain why the student cannot hear a sound now, even though the card is
still vibrating.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Suggest a change to the apparatus that would increase the loudness of the
sound when the frequency of the alternating current is 10 kHz.
(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 14 marks)

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*P67161A01324* Turn over

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14
*P67161A01424*


5 The diagram shows some of the apparatus a student uses to investigate the effect of
heating a solid substance.

12 V supply

lid
insulating material

beaker
thermometer
solid substance

electrical heater

(a) Describe how the student could use their apparatus to help determine the
specific heat capacity of the substance.
You should give details of any additional apparatus needed in your answer.
(5)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) The student continues to heat the substance, keeping the power of the heater constant.
The graph shows how the temperature of the substance changes with time.

50

40

Temperature
in °C
30

20

10

0
0
Time

(i) Use the graph to determine the melting point of this substance.
(1)

melting point = ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . °C

(ii) Describe, in terms of particles, what is happening in the substance when the
graph line is horizontal.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(iii) Suggest why the two non-horizontal lines on the graph have different gradients.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 5 = 10 marks)

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6 This is a question about a nuclear fusion power station.
(a) Explain what happens during nuclear fusion.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The diagram shows how a fusion power station could supply the National Grid in
the future.

pylon, 330 kV

fusion
power station
28 kA, 21 kV
step-up
transformer

(i) State the main method of energy transfer from the fusion power station
generator to the primary coil of the step-up transformer.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(ii) The fusion power station could supply the input coil of the step-up transformer
with a current of 28 kA at a voltage of 21 kV.
The output coil of the transformer has a voltage of 330 kV.
Assume the transformer is 100% efficient.
Calculate the current in the output coil of the transformer.
(3)

current = .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kA

(Total for Question 6 = 7 marks)

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7 The diagram shows two blocks at rest on a table, viewed from above.
A spring is attached to the large block.
The small block is attached by a piece of string to a fixed point on the table.
A student pushes the two blocks together so that the spring is compressed.

fixed point

large block small block

mass 75 g mass 17 g

spring

(a) The student releases the blocks.

The kinetic energy (KE) store of the small block is 0.29 J when the blocks are no
longer in contact.
Show that the speed of the small block is about 6 m/s.
(3)

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*P67161A02024*


(b) Using ideas about momentum, show that the speed of the large block is
about 1 m/s after the blocks are no longer in contact.
(4)

(c) The small block takes 0.11 s to reach 6 m/s.

Calculate the mean force exerted on the small block by the spring.
(3)

mean force = ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

QUESTION 7 CONTINUES ON NEXT PAGE

21
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(d) The small block then moves around the fixed point on the table.
The block moves in a circular orbit of radius 17.6 cm at a constant orbital speed of 6 m/s.
The time period of the orbit can be found using the formula

2π × orbital radius
orbital speed =
time period

Calculate the time period of the orbit.

(3)

time period = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s

(Total for Question 7 = 13 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS

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