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SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS AND MATRICES

P 92- 2:
We plan to invest x dollars in Acme company
bonds, which pay 6.5 percent interest and y
dollars in star company bonds, which pay 9
percent interest.
If $50,000 is to be invested and we require
$4,000 interest to be received, how much
should we be invested in each bond?

14 Md Mamunur Rashid, Assistant Professor, IUB

SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS AND MATRICES

P 92- 2) We plan to invest x dollars in Acme company bonds, which pay 6.5 percent interest and y dollars in star company
bonds, which pay 9 percent interest. If $50,000 is to be invested and we require $4,000 interest to be received, how much
should we be invested in each bond?
Solution: We have the investment in Acme Company bonds = $𝑥 and the investment in Star Company bonds = $𝑦
 Interest on Acme’s bond for $𝑥 investment is = $ (𝑥 x 6.5%) = $ (𝑥 x 0.065) = $ 0.065𝑥
 Interest on Star’s bond for $𝑦 investment is = $ (𝑦 x 9%) = $ (𝑦 x 0.09) = $ 0.09𝑦
Therefore, according to the question, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 50,000⋯⋯⋯⋯(1)
0.065𝑥 + 0.09𝑦 = 4,000⋯⋯⋯⋯(2)
 From equation (1), 𝑦 = 50,000 − 𝑥⋯⋯⋯⋯(3)
 Putting equation (3) in equation (2), we have
⟹0.065𝑥 + 0.09 (50,000 − 𝑥) = 4,000
⟹0.065𝑥 + 4500 − 0.09𝑥 = 4,000
⟹−0.025𝑥 = 4,000 − 4,500
⟹−0.025𝑥 = −500
⟹𝑥 =
.
∴ 𝑥 = $20,000. Putting the value of 𝑥 in equation (3), ⟹𝑦 = 50,000 − 20,000 ∴ 𝑦 = $30,000.
Answer: The investment should be $20,000 in the Acme Company bonds and $30,000 in the Star Company bonds.
15 Md Mamunur Rashid, Assistant Professor, IUB

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P 92-5) A number of pallets is to be made containing x regular pallets,
y large pallets and z extra large pallets. Cost, weight and volume
data for each type of pellet are shown in the table.
Is it possible to make a mixture 45 pellets at a cost of 85cents if the
mixture is to have a 120 weight units and 130 volume units? If so, how
many of each type of pellet should be in the mixture?

Pellet type Number Cost per Weight Volume

of pellets in units per units per
pellets cents pellet pellet
Regular X 2 1 4
Large Y 3 2 2
Extra large z 1 4 3

16 Md Mamunur Rashid, Assistant Professor, IUB

SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS AND MATRICES

P 92-5) A number of pallets is to be made containing x regular pallets, y large pallets and z extra large pallets. Cost,
weight and volume data for each type of pellet are shown in the table. Is it possible to make a mixture 45 pellets at
a cost of 85cents if the mixture is to have a 120 weight units and 130 volume units? If so, how many of each type of
pellet should be in the mixture? Pellet Number Cost per Weight Volume
Solution: According to the question we have type of pellets pellets in units per units per
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 85…………………. (1) cents pellet pellet
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 120…………………(2) Regular X 2 1 4
4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 130………………(3)
Large Y 3 2 2
We need to check whether the solution of
(1), (2) and (3) satisfies 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 45 or not. Extra z 1 4 3
Now, 2×(2) - (1) implies: large
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 8𝑧 = 240
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 85 Putting the value of 𝑦 in (4) we get, 𝑧 = 20 pellets.
⟹ 𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 155⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(4)
Putting the values of 𝑦 and 𝑧 in (1) we get, 𝑥 = 10 pellets.
Again, 2×(1) – (3) implies:
4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 170 Since, the solution of (1), (2) and (3) satisfies 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 45.
4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 130
Thus, it is possible to make a mixture of 45 pellets.
⟹ 4𝑦 − 𝑧 = 40⋯⋯⋯⋯(5)
Now, (4) +7 × (5) implies: Therefore, in the mixture, there should be 10 regular pellets,
𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 155
15 large pellets and 20 extra large pellets.
28𝑦 − 7𝑧 = 280
17 ⟹ 29𝑦 = 435 ⟹𝑦 = 15 pellets. Md Mamunur Rashid, Assistant Professor, IUB

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P 93: 10) The table shows the numbers of hours required in each of three departments to make a unit
of various products named A, B and C. For example, product B required 1 hour of time in department I
and 3 hours in department II and 7 hours in department III.
a. Find the numbers of units of A, B and C that could be made if department I has 75 hours available,
department II has 65 hours available and department III has 125 hours available.
b. If profits per unit of A, B and C are respectively $20, $30 and $40. what is the maximum profit and
the composition of the maximum profit combination of outputs?

Hours required per unit product

Department A B C
I 1 1 9
II 1 3 7
III 2 7 13

18 Md Mamunur Rashid, Assistant Professor, IUB

SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS AND MATRICES

Solution: (a) Let, 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 represent the number of
units of the
products A, B and C respectively. Since equations (4) and (5) are same,
So, according to the question, we have (4) - (5)
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 75…………………. (1) 𝑦−𝑧=-5
𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 65………………… (2) 𝑦−𝑧=-5
⟹0=0
2𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 13𝑧 = 125…………………(3)
so the system has unlimited number of solutions.
Now, (2) – (1) implies:
Let z is arbitrary,
𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 65 so we have 𝑦 = 𝑧 − 5 and from the first equation
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 75 we have 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 75
2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −10 ⟹ 𝑥 = 75 − (𝑧 − 5) − 9𝑧 = 80 − 10𝑧.
⟹ 𝑦 - 𝑧 = - 5⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(4) So the general solution is :
𝑥 = 80 − 10𝑧
Again, (3) – 2× (1) implies:
𝑦=𝑧−5
2𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 13𝑧 = 125 𝑧 arbitrary and 5 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 8
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 18𝑧 = 150 Since, 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 can not be negative.
⟹ 5𝑦 − 5𝑧 = −25
⟹ 𝑦 − 𝑧 = - 5⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(5)
19 Md Mamunur Rashid, Assistant Professor, IUB

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(b) Here, according to the question, the profit function, P, is given by

𝑃 = 20𝑥 + 30𝑦 + 40𝑧
= 20 (80 − 10𝑧) + 30 (𝑧 − 5) + 40𝑧
= 1600 − 200𝑧 + 30𝑧 − 150 + 40𝑧
= 1450 − 130𝑧
This profit function indicates that, to maximize profit 𝑧 need to be minimum. [z ⟹ Profit ]
So, 𝑧 should be 5 and the corresponding values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 are
 𝑥 = 80 − 50 = 30 and y = 5 − 5 = 0.
Thus, the maximum profit is = 1450 − 130𝑧 = 1450 – 130*5 = $800.
Or, the maximum profit is = 20(30)+30(0)+40(5)
= 600+0+200
= $800.

20 Md Mamunur Rashid, Assistant Professor, IUB