A

PROJECT REPORT ON THE MODEL OF

“AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC SECURTY LIGHT SWITCH

USING LDR”

In fulfillment for the award of the special project

in
Electrical Technology Education
Submitted by Group A1

Under the Guidance of Mr. Bashr Lecturer

In
Electrical Technology Education Department of STSE

November-2021
 DEDICATION

We dedicate this work to God, Our lecturers, the Department of Electrical

Technology Education, and all ourcolleague for their support and caring which
led to the success of this work.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praises be to God for guiding us and granting us the wisdom and
provision throughout the period of the Project.

Special appreciation goes to head of the department Prof J.D Medugu.

Mallam Bashir, Project Coordinator. Victor Musa for his suggestions and design
of project, and to Suleiman Mohammed And the rest of the Group members
for individual contribution.
 ABSTRACT

This report contains full and detailed account of the special project thus
highlighting some of the experience acquired, problems encountered,
suggesting solutions and the way forward. Electrical security Light can be
used in places like where lighting is very important. The banks will be well
illuminated with many lamps. Thus this system work at dark and during Night it
turn ON but at Day time or if there is adequate light it goes off. This kind of
system can be used to operate Street lights. All these can be done through by
Dimming circuit and LDR sensor.
 INDEX
PAGE NO
1. INTRODUCTION 7
1.1 Objective of the Project 7
1.2 Block Diagram 11
1.3Principleof Operation 12
1.4 System Features 13
1.5Component Description 15
2.DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 6
2.1 Block Diagram Description
2.2 Schematic Diagrams
2.3 Schematic Explanation
3. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 10
3.1 Light Dependent Resistor
3.2 Power Supply
3.3 Loads
4.1 Flow Chart
5. RESULT
6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
 LIST OF FIGURES
1. Block Diagram
2. Schematic Diagram
3. Operation of LDR Diagram
4. LDR Circuit Diagram
5. Power Circuit Diagram
 CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION
Automatic Electric Security Light using LDR, the aim of the project is to save
the energy. In this project we are using sensors, controlling. However, in this
project work the basic signal processing of parameters which isLDR sensor.
For measuring various parameters values, various sensors are used and the
output of these sensors are converted to control the parameters. The control
circuit is designed using Transistor and relays. The outputs of all the three
parameters are fed to load. This relay energizes and deenergizes automatically
according to the condition of the parameter.

1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT: - The aim of the project is to save the
energy or power, used in places like banks, factory, libraries where lighting
is very important for the security personnel’s and surveillance also people
reading books . So, the libraries will be well illuminated with many lamps.
At the same time when people are not present at a particular place the
lighting can be made off by using Dimmer and when people come to that
area, according to the LDR lighting can be made sufficiently brighter.
1.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 1.3 Principle of Operation

An Automatic night light control system needs I/O manual operation of

Switching ON and OFF when there is need of light. It detects itself whether there is
need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value then automatically light is
switched ON or OFF.
In the project we are using light dependent resistor {LDR} as a light sensor witching
device. This projects all about to control the power consumption at the streets and
eliminating manpower. This includes controlling a circuit of street light with specific
sensors, LDR and microcontroller during day and night.
1.4 System Features:
 Easy operation
 Convenient
 Affordable Required Skills:
 Understanding Interfacing Techniques
 Knowledge on Sensors
 Design and Fabrication of PCB Project phase: -
 Schematic design and drawing of PCB
 Design and Interfacing Circuits
 Preparation of PCB
 Assembling and Testing of Interfacing Circuits
 Testing
 Project Report
1.5 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

S/N COMPONENT TYPE PAGE NO.

A. LDR LIGHT SENSOR 07

B. RESISTORS 1K 08

C. TRANSISTOR 2222A 09

D. LED YELLOW 10

E. LED RED 10

F. WIRES COLOUR 11

G. PCB VERO 12

H. TRANSFORMER STEPDOWN 13

CHAPTER TWO
 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT: -
LDR: -
LDR‘s or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor
circuits. These help in automatically switching ON /OFF the street lights and etc.,
normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as very high as 1000000
ohms, but when they are illuminated with light, resistance drop dramatically.
Electronic opto sensors are the devices that alter their electrical characteristics, in the
presence of visible or invisible light. The best-known devices of these types are the
light dependent resistor (LDR), the photo diode and the phototransistors.
A photo resistor (or light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photocell) is a light controlled
variable resistor.
The resistance of a photo resistor decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in
other words, it exhibits photoconductivity.
A photo resistor or light dependent resistor or photocell is a light controlled variable
resistor.
A photo resistor can be applied in light sensitive detector circuit, and light and dark
activated switching circuit. A photo resistor is made of a high resistance
semiconductor.
RESISTOR ‘S
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element.
Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels
within circuits.
In electronic circuits, resistors are used to limit current flow to adjust signal levels,
bias active elements and terminate transmission lines among other uses.