Traditional Literacy- it carried
with it the communicating in more ways and at
idea that such a person was cultured and faster speeds than ever before.
educated. 3. Increased
all had written texts (which were composed of Breadth of Content — We
letters) that had to be studied, the ability to are communicating about
read and write was therefore of prime more things than ever
importance, leading to the strong association of before.
being “literate” with the ability to read and
write. Globalization - the process of
interaction and integration between
Miller (1973) shares this common people, business entities, governments,
concept of literacy into three sub- and cultures from other nations, driven
categories: by international trade and investment
Basic Literacy- It is the ability to and supported by information
correspond visual shapes to spoken sounds technology.
in order to decode written materials and
translate them into oral language. Simply
put, it is the ability to recognize letters and The Effects of Globalization
words.
⮚ Economic, political, and
Comprehension Literacy — It is the ability
military dependence and
to understand the meaning of what is being
interdependence between nations;
read.
⮚ Expanded flow of individual
Functional or Practical Literacy — It is the
people among societies;
ability to read written materials needed to
perform everyday vocational tasks. ⮚ Interdependence of expressive
culture among nations; and
⮚ Expanded flow of instrumental
UNESCO (United Nations Educational,
culture around the world.
Scientific, and Cultural Organization)
-defined literacy as “the ability to identify, Economic Dependence/
understand, interpret, create, communicate, Interdependence- is a system by which
and compute, using printed and written many companies are economically
materials associated with varying contexts. dependent upon each other. On a
macroeconomic level, this can involve
- Mkandawire (2018) more concisely
many countries being economically
suggests that literacy is “a form of
dependent upon each other as well.
knowledge, competence, and skills in a
particular field or area,” being supported by
UNESCO (2006), Barton (2007), and Political and Military
Mkandawire Dependence/Interdependence - United
States would intervene on behalf of the
Literacy in the 21st Century country in case of war.
-the new literacies begin to make sense as
they are the “skills and bodies of
knowledge” that are necessary for
Expanded Flow of Expressive and
survival and productivity in
Instrumental Culture - Expressive culture,
the information age.
as the term suggests, deals with how a
three things have been critical in particular culture expresses itself in its
the rise of the new literacies: language, music, arts, and the like.
1. Increased Reach — Cultural Literacy - ability to understand
We are communicating with more the signs and symbols of a given culture
people, from more diverse and being able to participate in this
cultures, across vaster distances activities and customs as opposed to simply
than ever before. being a passive (and outside) observer.
2. Increased Means of Multicultural Literacy - as a set of skills
Communication — We are and knowledge is difficult to define
because of how it changes depending on Subjective Standards of Morality
the contexts in which it is discussed. The natural outcome of
- refers to the postmodern philosophies is that truth
skills involved when uncovering bias in and morality are considered subjective
regards to culture, as well as the ability to and open to individual interpretation.
take different perspectives to gain a more
humane perspective.
Human Nature
Social literacy- concerns itself with the While we would all like to
development of social skills, knowledge believe that people are inherently
and positive human values that enable good, experience has taught us that the
human beings to act positively and inherent goodness of humanity is, at
responsibly in best, unreliable: Sometimes it is there,
often it is not.
range of complex social settings.
⮚ Greeting - Children develop relationships
with peers by interacting with them. Financial Literacy- ability to read,
⮚ Initiating Conversation - In order to carry analyze, manage, and communicate
on a conversation, a child must be able to about the personal financial conditions
initiate, maintain and close conversation that affect material well-being. It
appropriately. includes the ability to discern
⮚ Understanding the listener — Once a financial choices, discuss money and
conversation is initiated, it has to be financial issues without (or despite)
maintained. In order to do that, it is discomfort, plan for the future, and
important to understand the audience one is respond competently to life events.
talking to.
⮚ Empathizing — Empathy is more than
perspective taking; it means that one is able Developing Personal Financial
to feel what the other person feels. Literacy
⮚ Reading Social Cues — It is very One's attitude about money is heavily
important to read social cues in a influenced by the parents' attitude and
conversation. behavior about money. The attitudes
⮚ Previewing or Planning - Conversations you formed early in life probably
also require that one previews or thinks affect how you save, spend, and invest
about what effect the words or actions may today. Do you behave similarly or
have on the listener before she says or does differently from your parents about
them. handling money?
⮚ Problem-Solving — Problems and There are six major characteristic types
conflict are often a part of social in how people view money (Incharge,
interactions. 2017).
⮚ Apologizing - is a courageous act and is ⮚ Frugal: Frugal people seek
the quickest and easiest way to correct a financial security by living below
social blunder. In reality, other people their means and saving money.
usually have a higher opinion of someone They rarely buy luxurious items:
who apologizes for making a mistake. they save money instead. They
save money because they believe
The Role of Parents and Teachers in that money will offer protection
Teaching Social Skills to Children from unprecedented events and
Parents typically play the expenses.
major role in teaching children social ⮚ Pleasure: Pleasure seekers use
skills. Parents can directly teach social money to bring pleasure to
skills by modeling, role-playing, and themselves and to others. They
providing opportunities for their child are more likely to spend than to
to rehearse and practice new skills. save. They often live beyond their
means and spend more than they
earn. If they are not careful and
do not change, they may fall into
deep debt.
⮚ Status: Some people use
money to express their social
status. They like to purchase
and "show off" their branded
items.
⮚ Indifference: Some people
place very little importance on
having money and would rather
grow their own food and craft
their own clothes. It is as if
having too much money makes
them nervous and
uncomfortable.
⮚ Powerful: Powerful people
use money to express power or
control over others.
⮚ Self-worth: People who spend
money for self-worth value
how much they accumulate
and tend to judge others
based on the amount of
money they have.
Fixed vs. Variable Expenses
Fixed expenses remain the
same year-round. Car payment is an
example. Variable expenses occur
regularly but the amount you pay
varies. Electric and gas bills are
examples of these.
Habitual spending occurs when one
spends out of a habit, when one buys the
same item daily, weekly, or monthly.
Impulsive spending occurs when one
mindlessly purchases items that he or she
does not need.bhg
