This document provides an introduction to arithmetic sequences. It discusses key concepts such as:
1) An arithmetic sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is found by adding a constant value, called the common difference, to the previous term.
2) The nth term of an arithmetic sequence can be found using the formula an = a1 + (n - 1)d, where a1 is the first term, n is the position of the term, and d is the common difference.
3) Arithmetic means are terms between any two non-consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence. They are used to insert additional terms between the first and last terms of a sequence.
This document provides an introduction to arithmetic sequences. It discusses key concepts such as:
1) An arithmetic sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is found by adding a constant value, called the common difference, to the previous term.
2) The nth term of an arithmetic sequence can be found using the formula an = a1 + (n - 1)d, where a1 is the first term, n is the position of the term, and d is the common difference.
3) Arithmetic means are terms between any two non-consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence. They are used to insert additional terms between the first and last terms of a sequence.
This document provides an introduction to arithmetic sequences. It discusses key concepts such as:
1) An arithmetic sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is found by adding a constant value, called the common difference, to the previous term.
2) The nth term of an arithmetic sequence can be found using the formula an = a1 + (n - 1)d, where a1 is the first term, n is the position of the term, and d is the common difference.
3) Arithmetic means are terms between any two non-consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence. They are used to insert additional terms between the first and last terms of a sequence.
This document provides an introduction to arithmetic sequences. It discusses key concepts such as:
1) An arithmetic sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is found by adding a constant value, called the common difference, to the previous term.
2) The nth term of an arithmetic sequence can be found using the formula an = a1 + (n - 1)d, where a1 is the first term, n is the position of the term, and d is the common difference.
3) Arithmetic means are terms between any two non-consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence. They are used to insert additional terms between the first and last terms of a sequence.
INTRODUCTION Sequences are important in our daily lives as well as in higher Mathematics. For example, the arrangement of the planets in the solar system, the shapes of the leaves and flowers, minute in an hour, squares of numbers, growth of bacteria, months in a year, days in a week and others. In this module, you will work with sequences. You will write the different terms of the sequence, look for a pattern that aids in obtaining the general rule of the sequence, and know arithmetic sequence. a.) Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCS) • Generates patterns (M10AL-la-1) • Illustrates an arithmetic sequence (M10AL-lb-1) • Determines arithmetic means, nth term of an arithmetic sequence and sum of the terms of a given arithmetic sequence b.) Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, the learner should able to: • Identify mathematical patterns; • Illustrates an arithmetic sequence; and • Determines arithmetic means, nth term of an arithmetic sequence and sum of the terms of a given arithmetic sequence. c.) Topic Arithmetic Sequence
PRETEST Given a sequence, find the general rule and identify the next three terms. First item is done to you. SEQUENCE GENERAL RULE NEXT THREE TERMS 1. -7, -14, -21, -28, -35 . . . Add -7 on the last term -42, -49, -56 2. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, . . . 3. 3, 9, 27, 81, 243, . . . 4. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, . . . 5. -2, 2, -2, 2, -2, . . . 6. ½, 2/3, ¾, 4/5, . . .
LESSON PROPER In the pattern below, what do you is next shape?
, , , , , , , , , , , , , _______
A sequence is an array of numbers. Some sequences may be arranged in some particular order. In the sequence 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, the rule is “add 1 to a term to get its next term.” Notice that this is a finite set of counting numbers from 1 to 6. A sequence may also be infinite as in the case of counting numbers, which continue indefinitely. The sequence 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, … is an infinite sequenced of counting numbers. Each number in a sequence is called a term. The terms of the sequence are denoted by 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , … The nth or general term of a sequence is denoted by 𝑎𝑛 . The rule describing the terms of a sequence is a formula that gives the 𝑛𝑡ℎ term of the sequence. It may be given explicitly so that any term of the sequence is found following the rule. Such rule is called an explicit formula. The pattern in a sequence may be expressed by a formula. In the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛2 , we ca find the first four terms of the sequence: 𝑎1 = 2(1)2 = 2, 𝑎2 = 2(2)2 = 8, 𝑎3 = 2(3)2 = 18, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎4 = 2(4)2 = 32. In the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 − 3, we can find the 21st term of the sequence. 𝑎21 = 2(21) − 3 = 39 st The 21 term is 39.
Arithmetic Sequence An arithmetic sequence is a sequence where every term after the first is obtained by adding a nonzero constant called the common difference. 𝑡ℎ The 𝑛 term of an arithmetic sequence is given Example: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, . . . by
𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 Difference -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 Example: 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 A. Find the next three terms in each arithmetic sequence given the first term and 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 the common difference. 1. 𝑎1 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 = −3 2. 𝑎1 = −15 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 𝑎2 = 8 + (−3) = 5 𝑎2 = −15 + (2) = −13 𝑎3 = 5 + (−3) = 2 𝑎3 = −13 + (2) = −11 𝑎4 = 2 + (−3) = −1 𝑎4 = −11 + (2) = −9 𝑨𝒏𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒔: 𝟓, 𝟐, −𝟏 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓: −𝟏𝟑, −𝟏𝟏, −𝟗 B. Find the indicated term in each arithmetic sequence. 1. 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 − 3, 2, 7, 12, … 2. 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 − 7, −9, −11, −13, … 15𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑎15 = −3 + (15 − 1)(5) 18𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑎18 = −7 + (18 − 1)(−2) = −3 + 14(5) = −7 + 17(−2) = −3 + 70 = −7 + (−34) 𝒂𝟏𝟓 = 𝟔𝟕 𝒂𝟏𝟖 = −𝟒𝟏
C. The third term of an arithmetic sequence is 13 and the seventh term is 29. Find the first term and the common difference. STEP ILLUSTRATIONS 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑎3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎7 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 13 = 𝑎1 + 2𝑑 29 = 𝑎1 + 6𝑑 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑑 −16 = −4𝑑 𝒅=𝟒 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 13 = 𝑎1 + 2(4) 13 = 𝑎1 + 8 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟓
Arithmetic Means Arithmetic means are the terms between any two nonconsecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence. In the sequence 4, 8, 12, 16, … 8 is the arithmetic mean between 4 and 12 12 is the arithmetic mean between 8 and 16 8 and 12 are the arithmetic means between 4 and 16 EXAMPLE: Insert 5 arithmetic means between 1 and 19 Since we are required to insert 5 terms, the number of terms is 7, where n = 7 Let 𝑎1 = 1 and 𝑎7 = 19. Thus, the sequence becomes 1, 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒂𝟑 , 𝒂𝟒 , 𝒂𝟓 , 𝒂𝟔 , 𝟏𝟗. Solve for d. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)(𝑑) Use the nth term formula Use the value of d to get the 𝑎7 = 𝑎1 + 6𝑑 Substitute the given value values of 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒂𝟑 , 𝒂𝟒 , 𝒂𝟓 , 𝒂𝟔 19 = 1 + 6𝑑 𝒂𝟐 = 1 + 3 = 𝟒 18 = 6𝑑 Simplify 𝒂𝟑 = 4 + 3 = 𝟕 18 6𝑑 𝒂𝟒 = 7 + 3 = 𝟏𝟎 = 𝒂𝟓 = 10 + 3 = 𝟏𝟑 6 6 𝒅=𝟑 4, 7, 10, 13, and 16 are the five- 𝒂𝟔 = 13 + 3 = 𝟏𝟔 arithmetic means between 1 and The sequence is 19 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 Sum of Arithmetic Sequence The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is 𝑛 𝑛 𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ) 𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] 2 2
Supply the missing terms. Give a rule or pattern for each sequence. 1. 4, 8, ___, 16, 20 4. 13, ___, 33, ___, 53 2. -1, 1, ___, 5, ___ 5. 1.6, ___, 2.2, 2.5 3. 16, 24, 32, 40, ____
Activity 2: Complete Me.
Complete the table. Write YES if the sequence is an arithmetic sequence and NO if it’s not. Then, find the common difference and 𝑛𝑡ℎ term of those arithmetic sequences. Copy the table and answer it on youor answer sheet. SEQUENCE YES OR (if yes, find) (if yes, find) NO COMMON FIND THE DIFFERENCE 𝒏𝒕𝒉 TERM
SUMMARY • A sequence is an array of numbers. • Each number in a sequence is called a term. • An arithmetic sequence is a sequence where every term after the first is obtained by adding a nonzero constant called the common difference. • Arithmetic means are the terms between any two nonconsecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence.
GENERALIZATION Sequences are useful in our daily lives as well as in higher mathematics. For example, the interest portion of monthly payments made to pay off an automobile or home loan, and the list of maximum daily temperatures in one area for a month are sequences.
POST TEST A. Insert the indicated means between the given first and last terms of the arithmetic sequence. NUMBER ARITHMETIC MEANS ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE OF MEANS 1. 10 and 25 4 2. 19 and 11 3 3. -13 and 8 2 4. -11 and - 3 51 5. 3/2 and 2 9/2
B. Find the sum of the arithmetic sequence given the following conditions. Be guided by the scoring rubrics below. 1. 𝑎1 = −25 𝑎8 = −4 2. 𝑎1 = 2 𝑑=5 𝑛=8 Rubric for Letter B. SCORE DESCRIPTION 5 points All answers are accurate and appropriate. 4 points All answers are accurate, but some are not appropriate. 3 points Some answers are not accurate and appropriate. 2 points Most answers are not accurate and not appropriate. 1 point No answer at all.
